feeder

Abstract

A feeder system (1) for use in a mold comprises a sleeve (2) and a breaker core (3). One or more retaining elements (21, 31) are positioned on the sleeve (2) and / or the breaker core (3), and these retaining elements (21, 31) support the breaker core (3) on the sleeve (2). The retaining elements (21, 31) are adapted to interact with the other of the sleeve (2) and the breaker core (3) to which each retaining element (21, 31) is not attached, in such a manner that the breaker core (3) can be displaced inside the sleeve (2). The breaker core (3) is made from an insulating material having a scratch hardness higher than that of the sleeve (2). The breaker core (3) is made from core shooting, and the sleeve (2) is made from slurry formation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a feeder system for use in metal casting operations using disposable (non-reusable) molds.

Background Art

[0002] In a disposable mold casting process, molten metal is poured into a disposable mold that includes a mold cavity defining a three-dimensional negative image of the intended shape of the casting. After the metal has solidified, the mold is broken and the casting is removed.

[0003] Disposable molds are often produced in a sand casting process by embedding a pattern having the intended shape of the casting in a molding material (such as molding sand or plaster) within a molding box and compacting the molding material. After the molding material has bonded, the molding box (usually consisting of segments that can be latched to each other and latched to end closures) is segmented (into upper and lower halves in the case of a simple pattern) and the pattern is removed. The disposable mold is completed by recombining the segments of the molding box.

[0004] Since the density of the melt is lower than the density of the solidified metal, the metal shrinks as it cools. To avoid this effect from distorting the intended shape of the casting, the solution is to provide additional molten metal to the mold cavity as the metal cools. This is often addressed by integrating a feeder into the mold. Each feeder system provides a feeder system cavity that communicates with the mold cavity. During casting, molten metal enters the feeder system cavity of the feeder system and then flows into the mold cavity during cooling and solidification of the metal to compensate for shrinkage.

[0005] To integrate the feeder sleeve into the mold, it is placed on the pattern before the pattern is covered with the molding material. To position the feeder system in place on the pattern, the pattern typically includes a centering pin for the feeder system. The feeder system remains embedded within the bonded molding material of the mold even after the pattern is removed from the mold. As an alternative often used with feeder systems that have low resistance to pressure, it is known that the feeder system is embedded within the cavity of the bonded molding material after the pattern is removed from the mold.

[0006] After the casting is removed from the mold, residual metal from the feeder system cavity remains attached to the casting. This residual metal is not part of the casting's intended shape and therefore needs to be removed.

[0007] Typically, a feeder system consists of at least two parts. - The lower part, called the breaker core, is the part that is closest to the pattern and has the shape of a truncated cone, and - The almost cylindrical upper part, called the sleeve.

[0008] While the majority of the feeder system cavity is located within the sleeve, only a small portion of the feeder cavity is located within the breaker core. The breaker core is designed to facilitate the removal of residual metal after casting, as at least the lowest part of the breaker core (the portion containing the molten metal inlet / outlet closest to the pattern) typically tapers towards the mold cavity.

[0009] Breaker cores and sleeves are available in various types of materials, namely insulating, heat-insulating, and high-heat-exothermic. Insulating materials extend solidification time, promote directional solidification, and improve yield. In heat-insulating and high-heat-exothermic materials, an exothermic reaction is initiated when the molten metal comes into contact with the material, heating the metal and extending solidification time even further than in insulating materials.

[0010] Because feeder systems can hinder the compaction of the molding material, feeders have been proposed that can perform some relative movement toward the pattern as the molding material is compressed.

[0011] Reference US2019 / 255600A1 describes a feeder system for metal casting, including a feeder sleeve mounted on a tubular body. The feeder sleeve includes at least one notch extending in the side wall from its base to a first depth, the tubular body protruding into the notch to a second depth, and the tubular body having at least one polishing area in contact with the surface of the feeder sleeve within the notch. Since the second depth is less than or equal to the first depth, when force is applied during use, the polishing area polishes the surface of the feeder sleeve with which it is in contact, so that the tubular body is pushed toward the second end.

[0012] Reference EP3682983A1 describes a kit for assembling modular feeder sleeves whose size and shape can be adjusted according to the desired application.

[0013] Reference EP2792432A1 describes a metal breaker core having a flange for receiving a sleeve. During sand compaction, the height of the breaker core is reduced.

[0014] Reference US2008 / 223543A1 describes a feeder comprising a feeder head tubular body, which is guided through an opening in the tubular body and is movably positioned. The tubular body comprises an abutment on a surface adjacent to the opening in the cavity, which can take its bearing.

[0015] According to the approach described in European Patent Publication No. 1184104, the feeder system comprises sleeves and a breaker core that allow for expansion and contraction movement relative to each other. Retaining means are provided on the outside of the breaker core so that the sleeves can be stacked on top of the breaker core without expansion and contraction movement, provided that no or very little downward pressure is applied to the feeder system. The retaining means are projections that are expected to break off under downward pressure. However, the casting quality near the feeder system has proven to be unsatisfactory. In fact, despite being able to perform expansion and contraction movement, the feeder tends to crack during the compaction of the molding material. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0016] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a feeder system comprising a sleeve and a breaker core that allows for expansion and contraction movement relative to each other, and the feeder system is resistant to cracking. A further object is to provide the use of such a feeder system and a method for manufacturing such a feeder system.

[0017] This objective is achieved by a combination of features of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.

[0018] According to the embodiment, the feeder system comprises a sleeve and a breaker core. The sleeve is made from a first material. The first material is preferably a ceramic material or a refractory material. The first material is preferably heat-generating and insulating, or insulating. It may also be heat-generating. The feeder system is particularly suitable when casting metal in a mold. The first material is preferably a slurry-forming material, also called a vacuum-forming material.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the sleeve has the shape of a cylindrical can, having a closed bottom and a circular opening on the opposite side of the bottom. To facilitate manufacturing, the inner wall of the cylindrical can may be slightly tapered so that the inner diameter of the bottom is smaller than the opening.

[0020] The breaker core has a spout for receiving and discharging molten metal. The breaker core tapers towards the spout. The sleeve and breaker core together define a feeder system cavity for receiving liquid metal through the spout of the breaker core. The breaker core is displaceable along the longitudinal feeder system axis inside the sleeve.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the breaker core comprises a tubular section and a frustoconical section. In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the tubular section is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the sleeve at the opening of the sleeve. For this purpose, “slightly smaller” means at least 0.1%, preferably at least 0.2%, but not more than 4%, and preferably not more than 2%. Such a fit between the outer diameter of the tubular section of the breaker core and the inner diameter of the sleeve at the opening allows the tubular section of the breaker core to slide inside the sleeve, while still minimizing the risk of molten metal leakage through the resulting gap.

[0022] One or more retaining elements are positioned on the sleeve and / or breaker core, and these retaining elements support the breaker core in the sleeve. The retaining elements are adapted to interact with the other of the sleeve and breaker core, respectively, in such a way that each retaining element is not attached, allowing for the displacement of the breaker core inside the sleeve along the longitudinal feeder axis.

[0023] In summary, the feeder may generally have a structure as defined in European Patent Publication No. 1184104 cited above.

[0024] According to the present invention, the breaker core is made of a second material (different from the first material), preferably an insulating material, and the scratch hardness of the breaker core is preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 25%, and even more preferably 30% higher than the scratch hardness of the sleeve. In this way, the breaker core scratches the sleeve during displacement of the breaker core inside the sleeve, resulting in the loss of the first material from the sleeve.

[0025] The second material is preferably a core shot material. The second material is preferably a ceramic material, and possibly a refractory material. Since the breaker core is preferably made from an insulating material, it is made from a material having low thermal conductivity, and therefore, for example, a material other than metal.

[0026] The reasons for insufficient casting quality due to the prior art feeder sleeve have been found by the inventor to be that the stress during compaction of the molding material is too high and, possibly, caused by cracks in the breaker core due to the removal or deformation of the retaining elements attached to the breaker core. These cracks can be significantly avoided by promoting the scratching of the sleeve by the breaker core, manufacturing the sleeve by a slurry forming process, and manufacturing the breaker core by a core shooting process. The inventor's experimental results using 40 molded products show that the scratching hardness of the breaker core and the sleeve is approximately the same (similar to the case of the prior art feeder system), and when both the breaker core and the sleeve are made by the same process, only 22.5% of the residues resulting from the feeder system could be removed from the casting during shot blasting due to cracks in the breaker core. In contrast, when the scratching hardness of the sleeve is lower than that of the breaker core (i.e., the sleeve is less wear-resistant than the breaker core), and the sleeve is slurry formed and the breaker core is core shot, 75% of the residues resulting from the feeder system could be removed from the casting during shot blasting. It is considered that as long as the sleeve is made from a slurry forming material and the breaker core is made from a core shot material, sufficient effect is already achieved as soon as the breaker core scratches / polishes the sleeve (not vice versa). The stress applied to the breaker core is thought to be deflected towards the sleeve due to the decrease in the scratching hardness of the sleeve and, possibly, the presence of voids formed in the sleeve during the slurry forming process, and the deformation of the sleeve changes. Shot blasting is a process performed to clean the surface of the casting after the solidified casting is removed from the mold.

[0027] A possible explanation is that by making the sleeve softer than the breaker core, it is possible to discharge the compressive force inside the sleeve while maintaining the internal structure of the slurry forming material of the sleeve, i.e., the feed neck, and enable good absorption of stress.

[0028] In the context of this document, the scratch hardness can be measured by an "Electronic Scratch Hardness Tester" manufactured by Simpson - Gerosa. The "Electronic Scratch Hardness Tester" (also known as "Electronic Hardness Tester 28111410") is a device for determining the scratch hardness of a mold or a core. This device incorporates a four - point cutter that penetrates the surface of the completed core or mold during rotation. The depth of penetration of the cutter into the sample determines the hardness of the core or mold. This device can be obtained from Simpson Technologies Corporation, 751 Shoreline Drive, Aurora, IL, United States of America under part number 0042145.

[0029] When measured by the "Electronic Scratch Hardness Tester" manufactured by Simpson - Gerosa, the scratch hardness of the sleeve can be less than 75, preferably less than 70, more preferably less than 65. The sleeve is relatively soft.

[0030] When measured by the "Electronic Scratch Hardness Tester" manufactured by Simpson - Gerosa, the scratch hardness of the breaker core can be 75 or more, preferably more than 77, more preferably more than 79. Thus, the breaker core is relatively hard.

[0031] A key aspect of this invention is that, during the relative movement between the sleeve and the breaker core, it is the breaker core that scratches and abrades the sleeve, not the other way around, and that greater material loss occurs from the sleeve than from the breaker core. Such effects occur when the scratch hardness (SHB) of the breaker core is higher than the scratch hardness (SHS) of the sleeve, and when the abrasion resistance (ARB) of the breaker core is higher than the abrasion resistance (ARS) of the sleeve. In other words, there is a positive correlation between scratch hardness and abrasion resistance.

[0032] In the framework of this document, abrasion resistance is preferably measured according to the ASTM C704 / C704M standard, for example, the 2015 edition of the ASTM C704 / C704M-15 standard. The measurement is performed by determining the volume of material in cubic centimeters polished perpendicularly from a flat surface to a nozzle, and blasting 1000 g of size-grade silicon carbide particles through the nozzle with air at a given air pressure. If the abrasion resistance of the breaker core is evaluated as higher than that of the sleeve, the air pressure and all other parameters for the sleeve and breaker core are the same. The measurement is preferably performed on a 4 1 / 2 × 4 1 / 2 × 1 inch (11.43 × 11.43 × 2.54 cm) sample.

[0033] The slurry-forming material for the sleeve is a composite material comprising a binder (also called a matrix) and a reinforcing material. The reinforcing material is preferably fibers. The first material preferably contains at least 2% fibers.

[0034] The core shooting process is not suitable for composite materials. In fact, the core shooting process involves a step of blowing a fluid mixture into a mold, but it does not work well when the fluid mixture contains reinforcing materials such as fibers. This is because the reinforcing materials tend to agglomerate and block. The second material preferably contains less than 1% fibers.

[0035] Preferably, the density of the first material is 0.4 g / cm³. 3 ~0.7g / cm3 And / or the density of the second material is 0.7 g / cm³ 3 Ultra, especially 0.8 g / cm³ 3 It's incredible.

[0036] Embodiments of the present invention involve the use of the above-described feeder system in a sand mold manufacturing process, which includes embedding feeders within the molding material before compacting the molding material, and compacting the molding material together with the embedded feeder(s) to prepare the mold. To date, feeders having sleeves made from relatively soft materials (as the material used for the sleeves according to the present invention) have been added to the mold only after the molding material has been compacted and the pattern has been removed. It has been found that the combination of a relatively hard core-shot breaker core and a relatively soft slurry-forming sleeve allows the molding material to be compacted together with the embedded feeder system without damaging the breaker core or sleeve as frequently as in conventional feeder systems used for this purpose.

[0037] Embodiments of a method for manufacturing a feeder system include manufacturing a breaker core by core-chute technology using a powder insulating material containing a binder and less than 1% fiber and / or less than 3% ash. In core-chute technology, a blowhead filled with the powder insulating material containing the binder is pressurized with air, resulting in the fluidization of the powder insulating material and producing a “fluid” consisting of a mixture of air and insulating material. This fluid flows from the blowhead through a shooting nozzle into a mold, often referred to as a core box, which expels air through a vent nozzle. Core-chute technology achieves a fairly uniform density distribution and fairly high density of the material within the mold. This high density allows for a relatively high scratch hardness of the breaker core. The method for manufacturing a feeder system further includes manufacturing a sleeve by slurry molding technology using an exothermic and / or insulating material containing 2% to 5% fiber (the fiber preferably having a length of less than 50 mm) and / or 5% to 25% ash. This results in a sleeve with a relatively low density and relatively low scratch hardness. Therefore, different manufacturing techniques are applied to the breaker core and sleeve of a feeder system in order to achieve the required material properties. In both techniques, material solidification can be carried out physically, for example, by applying heat to melt a portion of the binder, or chemically by a chemical reaction of the binder. In the case of exothermic materials, the heat used to solidify the material must be kept below the ignition temperature of the material.

[0038] In the following, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, identical elements are denoted by the same reference numerals. Since all drawings relate to the same embodiment, some reference numerals have been omitted in some drawings to reduce the complexity of the drawings. Also, Figure 1 shows a coordinate system that is similarly applicable to Figures 2 and 3. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0039] [Figure 1]A schematic cross-sectional view of a feeder system according to one embodiment in a disassembled state is shown. [Figure 2] Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the feeder system in its assembled state. [Figure 3] Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the feeder system in a compressed state. [Figure 4] Figure 1 shows a schematic top view of the breaker core used in the feeder system. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0040] Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the feeder system 1 in one embodiment in a disassembled state.

[0041] The feeder system 1 comprises a sleeve 2 and a breaker core 3, which are separate elements. The primary purpose of the sleeve 2 is to provide a sufficiently large cavity for the molten metal and to avoid rapid cooling of the molten metal. The primary purpose of the breaker core 3 is to feed the molten metal into the sleeve 2 through its spout, and vice versa. Furthermore, the breaker core 3 is intended to facilitate the removal of residual feeder system metal remaining in the feeder system after casting. The breaker core 3 provides a spout 32 for receiving and discharging the molten metal. The breaker core 3 tapers towards the spout 32. Together, the sleeve 2 and the breaker core 3 define a feeder cavity 10 for receiving the molten metal through the spout 32.

[0042] Sleeve 2 is manufactured by slurry molding technology, preferably using a material comprising 25% by mass of hollow aluminum silicate cenospheres, 20% by mass of aluminum metal powder, 15% by mass of rice husk ash, 10% by mass of aluminum oxide, 5% by mass of iron oxide, 5% by mass of phenol formaldehyde resin, 5% by mass of cellulose fibers, 5% by mass of iron ore, 5% by mass of potassium hexafluoroaluminum, and 5% by mass of silica sand. Thus, Sleeve 2 is made from a single, uniform slurry-forming material (the first material). After draining the liquid and curing the material, the scratch hardness is determined to be 59 using an "electronic scratch hardness tester" manufactured by Simpson-Gerosa.

[0043] In one embodiment, the first material is • 10-40% by mass of hollow aluminum silicate cenospheres, • 15-25% by mass of aluminum metal powder / aluminum metal granules 2-7% by mass of iron oxide, 5-25% by mass of ash, especially rice husks, • 2-10% by mass of aluminum oxide • 2-8% by mass of phenol formaldehyde resin, • 2-5% by mass of fibers, especially cellulose fibers, 0-10% by mass of iron ore, • 0-8% by mass of sodium hexafluoroaluminum or potassium hexafluoroaluminum, • 0-6% by mass of silica sand, • Contains 0-5% by mass of aluminum sulfate.

[0044] The breaker core 3 is manufactured by core chute technology from a non-heat-generating insulating material, preferably consisting mainly of hollow aluminum silicate cenospheres and silica sand free of fibers and ash. Thus, the breaker core 3 is made from a single, uniform material (second material), which is different from (and different from) the material used for the sleeve 2. The scratch hardness of the material after curing has been determined to be 80 using an "electronic scratch hardness tester" manufactured by Simpson-Gerosa.

[0045] In this embodiment, both the sleeve 2 and the breaker core 3 primarily possess rotational symmetry (the retaining elements 21 and 31, described later, lack rotational symmetry).

[0046] In this embodiment, the sleeve 2 is an elongated cylindrical can having a closed bottom 23 and a circular opening 22 opposite the bottom 23. For ease of manufacture, the inner wall 25 tapers slightly at a 3° opening such that the inner diameter of the bottom 23 is smaller than the inner diameter D22 of the opening 22. The bottom 23 of the sleeve 2 includes a recess 24 for receiving a centering pin (not shown) of a pattern (not shown). The circular opening 23 allows access to the substantially tubular recess. The outer surface of the lower end of the sleeve 2 is generally flat and provides a rim surrounding the circular opening 23.

[0047] The breaker core 3 comprises a conical section 33 having the shape of a right circular frustocone and a cylinder section 34 having the shape of a right circular cylinder. The conical section 33 has a circular outlet opening 32 at its end opposite to the cylinder section 34. This circular outlet opening 32 defines the spout of the feeder system 1. The outer diameter D34 of the cylinder section 34 is set to be 1 mm smaller than the inner diameter D22 at the opening 22 of the sleeve 2, thus allowing the cylinder section 34 of the breaker core 3 to slide inside the sleeve 2.

[0048] To restrict this sliding of the cylinder section 34 of the breaker core 3 inside the sleeve 2 and to allow the sleeve 2 to be stacked on top of the breaker core 3, four retaining elements 21, 31 are equally distributed around the circumference of both the inner wall 25 of the sleeve 2 and the outer wall of the cylinder section 34 of the breaker core 3. In this embodiment, the retaining elements 21 of the sleeve 2 are arc-shaped projections extending radially inward from the inner wall 25 of the sleeve 2, and arc-shaped projections extending radially outward from the outer wall of the cylinder section 34 of the breaker core 3, respectively. On the sides of the projections facing each other, the sleeve 2 and the breaker core 3 have small rims (not shown in the figure) that function as predetermined breaking points. For example, the thickness 39 of the breaker core 3 measured inward from the retaining elements 31 is preferably more than 5%, more preferably more than 10%, and even more possibly more than 15%, than the inner diameter D22 at the opening 22 of the sleeve 2.

[0049] The retaining element 31 of the breaker core 3 is best shown in Figure 4, a schematic top view of the breaker core 3 (as seen in the negative Y direction in Figure 1).

[0050] As can be deduced from Figures 2 and 3, the feeder system 1 having the above structure allows the retaining element 21 of the sleeve 2 and the retaining element 31 of the breaker core 3 to support the sleeve 2 on top of the breaker core 3 when the cylinder section 34 of the breaker core 3 is partially inserted into the circular opening 22 of the sleeve 2. As soon as a downward pressing force extending by a predetermined amount is applied to the sleeve 2 along the direction of the Y axis (the negative direction of the Y direction in Figure 1), the retaining elements 21 and 31 break down, and as the sleeve 2 moves downward under pressure, the breaker core 3 is allowed to move further inward and relative to the sleeve 2. Thus, the feeder system 1 performs expansion and contraction movement.

[0051] When the retaining element 21 is attached to the sleeve 2, the top surface of the breaker core 3 supports the retaining element 21 and is in direct contact with it, and the retaining element 21 is inside the feeder cavity 10. When the retaining element 31 is attached to the breaker core 3, the bottom surface of the sleeve 2 is supported by the retaining element 31 and is in direct contact with it, and the retaining element 31 is outside the feeder cavity 10.

[0052] The materials for sleeve 2 and breaker core 3 are selected such that the scratch hardness of breaker core 3 is approximately 36% higher than that of sleeve 2. Therefore, any stress applied to breaker core 3 is converted into deformation of the inner wall 25 of sleeve 2 and / or scratching of the material from the inner wall 25 of sleeve 2, thus reducing the risk of cracking of breaker core 3.

[0053] The loose retaining element 21 removed from the inner wall 25 of sleeve 2 can (and should) be removed before casting. It is emphasized that the retaining element 21 in the inner wall 25 of sleeve 2 is entirely optional. To facilitate manufacturing, it may be preferable to use guide grooves filled with scratchable material rather than breakable retaining elements in the inner wall 25 of sleeve. Such guide grooves should preferably be oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of sleeve 2 and evenly distributed around the inner circumferential surface of sleeve 2.

[0054] The feeder system 1 of this embodiment has sufficient resistance to the pattern and the feeder system 1 being covered with molding material after the feeder system 1 is placed on the pattern, such that the breaker core 3 is positioned next to the pattern used in the sand mold manufacturing process and the sleeve 2 is supported by the breaker core 3. Thus, the feeder system 1 can be compacted together with the molding material to prepare the mold. The height of the breaker core 3 remains the same even during the displacement of the breaker core 3 inside the sleeve 2. The removed retaining elements can be removed from the feeder 1 after dividing the mold into segments and removing the pattern. Preferably, this is done in conjunction with removing residual molding material generated in the process of adding the channels, after adding channels for supplying molten metal to the mold cavity defined by the removed pattern. By reassembling the segments of the mold, the mold with the embedded feeder system 1 is completed.

[0055] The present invention relates to a feeder system 1 for use when casting metal in a mold, A sleeve 2 made from a first material which is a ceramic material and a slurry forming material, and which has wear-resistant ARS, A breaker core 3 having a spout 32 for receiving and discharging molten metal, wherein the breaker core 3 tapers toward the spout 32, is made of a second material, and has wear-resistant ARB, The sleeve 2 and breaker core 3 together define a feeder cavity 10 for receiving liquid metal through the spout 32. The breaker core 3 is displaceable along the longitudinal feeder system axis 11 inside the sleeve 2. One or more retaining elements 21, 31 are arranged on the sleeve 2 and / or breaker core 3 such that the breaker core 3 is supported by the retaining elements 21, 31. The retaining elements 21 and 31 are adapted to interact with the other of the sleeve 2 and the breaker core 3, respectively, in such a way that the displacement of the breaker core 3 inside the sleeve 2 along the longitudinal feeder axis 11, The second material is a ceramic material and a core shot material. The feeder system 1 relates to a system in which the wear resistance ARB of the breaker core 3 is higher than the wear resistance ARS of the sleeve 2, and therefore the breaker core 3 abrades the sleeve 2 during the displacement of the breaker core 3 inside the sleeve 2, resulting in material loss, and the material loss occurs within the material of the sleeve 2.

Claims

1. A feeder system (1) for use when casting metal in a mold, A sleeve (2) made from a first material, which is a ceramic material and a slurry forming material, wherein the sleeve (2) has a scratch hardness (SHS), A breaker core (3) having a spout (32) for receiving and discharging molten metal, wherein the breaker core (3) tapers toward the spout (32), is made of a second material, and has a scratch hardness (SHB), The sleeve (2) and the breaker core (3) together define a feeder cavity (10) for receiving liquid metal through the spout (32), The breaker core (3) is displaceable inside the sleeve (2) along the longitudinal feeder system axis (11), One or more retaining elements (21, 31) are arranged on the sleeve (2) and / or the breaker core (3) such that the breaker core (3) is supported by the retaining elements (21, 31), The retaining elements (21, 31) are adapted to interact with the other of the sleeve (2) and the breaker core (3), respectively, such that the retaining elements (21, 31) are adapted to interact with the other of the sleeve (2) and the breaker core (3), respectively, without which the retaining elements (21, 31) are attached, in such a manner that the displacement of the breaker core (3) is possible inside the sleeve (2) along the longitudinal feeder axis (11). The second material is a ceramic material and a core shot material. The scratch hardness (SHB) of the breaker core (3) is higher than the scratch hardness (SHS) of the sleeve (2), and therefore, the breaker core (3) scratches the sleeve (2) during displacement of the breaker core (3) inside the sleeve (2), causing material loss, and the material loss occurs within the material of the sleeve (2). A feeder system (1) characterized by the following.

2. The feeder system (1) according to claim 1, wherein the scratch hardness (SHB) of the breaker core (3) is at least 10%, preferably at least 25%, more preferably 30% higher than the scratch hardness (SHS) of the sleeve (2).

3. The feeder system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wear resistance (ARB) of the breaker core (3) is at least 10%, preferably at least 25%, more preferably 30% higher than the wear resistance (ARS) of the sleeve (2).

4. The feeder system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thickness (39) of the breaker core (3) is preferably more than 5%, more preferably more than 10%, than the inner diameter (D22) of the opening (22) of the sleeve (2).

5. The feeder system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the density of the second material is higher than the density of the first material, preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 15%, higher than the density of the first material.

6. The feeder system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein when the retaining element (21) is attached to the sleeve (2), the upper surface of the breaker core (3) supports the retaining element (21) and is in direct contact with the retaining element (21), and the retaining element (21) is located inside the feeder cavity (10); and when the retaining element (31) is attached to the breaker core (3), the bottom surface of the sleeve (2) is supported by the retaining element (31) and is in direct contact with the retaining element (31), and the retaining element (31) is located outside the feeder cavity (10).

7. The aforementioned sleeve (2) - A hollow mold defining the outer and inner shapes of the sleeve (2), the mold having a screen for separating a liquid from a solid, Preferably, a slurry of a heat-generating and / or insulating material containing at least 2% fibers is prepared together with the liquid. - Filling the mold with the slurry, - To enable the liquid to be discharged from the mold through the screen, - To chemically and physically cure the aforementioned material, Manufactured by And / or, the breaker core (3) - A hollow mold is provided that defines the outer and inner shapes of the breaker core (2), wherein the mold has a ventilation nozzle. - To provide a blowhead filled with a binder-containing powder insulating material, wherein the material contains less than 1% fibers. - Pressurizing the blowhead with air to obtain a fluid mixture, - The fluid mixture is blown into the mold, - To chemically and / or physically solidify the aforementioned material, Manufactured by A feeder system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The first material contains 2% to 5% fibers, and the fibers are preferably cellulose fibers and / or calcium silicate fibers and / or aluminum silicate fibers and / or rock wool fibers, and / or A feeder system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first material contains 5% to 25% ash, the ash contains at least 85% by mass of silicon dioxide, and the ash is optionally rice husk ash.

9. The second material contains less than 1% fiber and / or less than 3% ash, The second material is free of fibers and / or ash. A feeder system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The feeder system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the height of the breaker core (3) remains the same even during the displacement of the breaker core (3) inside the sleeve (2).

11. The second material contains at least 20% by mass, preferably at least 30% by mass, of cenospheres made of silica and / or alumina, and / or The feeder system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the second material contains at least 20% by mass, preferably at least 30% by mass, of silica sand.

12. The interaction of the retaining elements (21, 31) to allow displacement of the breaker core (3) inside the sleeve (2) along the longitudinal feeder system axis (11) is such that the retaining elements (21, 31) are separated from the sleeve (2) and the breaker core (3) to which each retaining element (21, 31) is attached, and / or Deformation of each of the aforementioned retaining elements (21, 31), and / or The feeder system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the sleeve (2) and the breaker core (3) are not fitted with the respective retaining elements (21, 31), and the other of the other of the sleeve (2) and the breaker core (3) is deformed.

13. A feeder system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein a predetermined breaking point is provided in the retaining element (21, 31), and the predetermined breaking point is optionally a notch.

14. The retaining element (21) is a retaining projection of the breaker core (3) that is evenly distributed around the outer circumferential surface of the breaker core (3), and / or The feeder system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the retaining element (31) is a guide groove of the sleeve (2) oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sleeve (2) and evenly distributed around the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve (2), and the guide groove is filled with a scratchable material.

15. Use of the feeder system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14 in a sand mold manufacturing process, - Prepare a pattern that has the intended shape of the casting, - The feeder system (1) is placed on the pattern such that the breaker core (3) is located next to the pattern and the sleeve (2) is supported by the breaker core (3), - Covering the pattern and the feeder system (1) with molding material, - Compacting the molding material to prepare the mold, - Dividing the mold into segments and extracting the pattern, Use includes: reassembling the segments of the mold to complete the mold.

16. A method for manufacturing a feeder system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, - The breaker core (3) - A hollow mold is provided that defines the outer and inner shapes of the breaker core (2), wherein the mold has a ventilation nozzle. - A blowhead filled with a binder-containing powder insulating material is provided, wherein the material preferably contains less than 1% fiber and / or less than 3% ash. - Pressurizing the blowhead with air to obtain a fluid mixture, - The fluid mixture is blown into the mold, - To chemically and / or physically solidify the aforementioned material, To manufacture by, - Sleeve (2), - A hollow mold is provided that defines the outer and inner shapes of the sleeve (2), wherein the mold has a screen for separating a liquid from a solid. Preferably, a slurry of an exothermic and / or insulating material containing 2% to 5% fibers and / or 5% to 25% ash is prepared together with the liquid. - Filling the mold with the slurry, - To enable the liquid to be discharged from the mold through the screen, - To chemically and physically cure the aforementioned material, To manufacture by, - The feeder (1) is completed by placing the sleeve (2) on top of the breaker core (3), Methods that include...

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