Linear-dynamometric micrometer

Abstract

Linear-dynamometric micrometer consists of a clamp, a heel, two measuring surfaces, a micrometer pair with a spindle, a digital readout device, a drum, and a calibration device. Wherein the calibration device consists of a strain gauge connected by an electrical wire to a hub with a touchscreen display.

Description

The utility model "Linear-dynamometric micrometer" belongs to the control and measuring instruments for precision measurements with controlled measuring forces, can be widely be used in industrial production and in calibration laboratories. In contact measurements, optimal measuring force is very important. For micrometers Measurement efforts are regulated in the following ranges: - According to the German standard DIN863 [1], the measuring forces of micrometers should be within 5-10 H; - According to the international standard ISO3611 [2], the measuring forces of micrometers should be within 5-15 N; - For innovative micrometers from the company "Sylvac" (Switzerland) [3], the measuring forces are limit 7-10 N (3-Sylv); - For the world's most precise, submicron micrometers from Mitutoyo (Japan) [4] measuring forces should be in an even smaller range of 7-9 N; - For micrometers of the "Mitutoyo" series [4], the possibility of measuring in the range 0-15 is provided. mm with five small measuring forces in the range of 0.5-2.5 N (type 227-201-20 with a resolution of 0.5 N) and in the range 0-10 mm with five average measuring forces 2-10 N (type 227-206-20 with discreteness 2 H); - For sheet micrometers and other micrometers with large measuring surfaces The optimal measuring force is 10-20 N. In all serial modern micrometers, the measuring forces are provided by mechanical calibrated devices (ratchets, frictions) that are mounted on the rotating drum and ensure the pressing of the movable spindle (rotating or non-rotating) against the stationary heel, which is rigidly fixed to the opposite edge of the micrometer bracket. The repeatability of the measuring forces is insufficient and deteriorates over time (due to wear and deformation) when using mechanical calibrated devices. Traditional lever micrometers (4-Mit, 5-Mar) have dual readouts (analog micrometer scale attached to the rotating spindle of the lever micrometer and indicator analog readout attached to the movable heel of the lever micrometer). Innovative lever micrometers developed and manufactured by the Ukrainian enterprise "MICROTECH" (6-МКРТХ) have a built-in microcomputer in the indicator reading, which significantly expands Functional capabilities of lever micrometers. Indicator reading devices of lever micrometers do not provide control and stability measuring forces, since the pressing force of the indicator springs depends on their tension. To expand the scope of applications (measurement of hard and soft materials, sheets, light deformed foils and films) it is necessary to change the measuring forces from 0.6 N to 20 N. To improve the metrological performance of micrometers, it is necessary to ensure the possibility regulation of their measuring forces from 0.6 to 20 N with discrete control of measuring forces 0.1 N. In recent years, many miniature high-precision strain gauges have appeared, expanding possibilities for improving the computer geometric measuring instrument. The purpose of the utility model "Linear-dynamometric micrometer" was to introduce a new type precision micrometers with automatic detection, logging and archiving of current linear dimensions with adjustable measuring forces within (0.5-20)±0.1 N, with connection to "Industry 4.0" systems. Let's examine the state of the art in micrometers with calibrated devices. The patent-analog of the utility model "Dynamometric Micrometer" is a 132-year-old American patent US№ 528759 [7], in which a micrometer of traditional design was first proposed with a calibrated device on a rotating drum in the form of a ratchet, which is practically unchanged in mass produced by many micrometer manufacturers to this day. The micrometer according to the patent-analog [7] has the disadvantages of modern traditional micrometers (lack of possibility of regulation and quantitative control of the measuring force). The disadvantages of the analog patent [7] are limited capabilities and the impossibility of achieving the goal of usefulness. models. The patent-analog of the utility model "Linear-dynamometric micrometer" is a 135-year-old American patent US№ 454516 [8], in which specialists of the world-famous company "B&S" A caliper with a tare device on a fixed jaw is proposed. The patent-analog of the utility model "Linear-dynamometric micrometer" is a LJ-year American patent US№ 4188727 [8], in which specialists from the company "Mitutoyo" (Japan), a leading modern manufacturer of ZVT, offered a caliper with a tare device on a fixed jaw, which is mass-produced for measuring soft materials with a measuring force of 0.5-1 N [4]. The patent-analogue [8] is an improved version of the patent-analogue [7]. Due to the additional sponge, installed on a fixed jaw, a skew occurs, therefore the error of the calipers according to the patent- analogue [8] increased by 67% compared to traditional calipers. The disadvantages of similar patents [7] and [8] are related to a different purpose, to metrological limitations and with the impossibility of achieving the purpose of the utility model. Analogue patents of the utility model "Linear-dynamometric micrometer" are 82-year-old American patent US№ 2484772 [9] and 79-year-old patent US№ 2599971

[10] , which proposed lever micrometers with movable heels, which are connected to an additional indicator reading and push button for their leads when the controlled sample is started. In both similar patents [9, 10], indicator readings provide exclusively linear control. deviations of the dimensions of the part from the nominal values ​​(nominal controlled dimensions previously are set using a micrometer head). Both similar patents [9, 10] have movable heels, but do not provide for adjustment and control of measuring efforts. The disadvantages of similar patents [9, 10] are related to their different purpose, with limited capabilities. and with the impossibility of achieving the purpose of the utility model. The patent-analog of the utility model "Linear-dynamometric micrometer" is a 111-year-old American patent US№ 1152761

[11] , which proposes a stationary indicator thickness gauge on a stand with a movable elastic heel, which is connected by levers to a linear indicator movements. The author of the similar patent

[11] called it a micrometer gage, however it was an indicator stand, which was quite common for a 100-degree linear-angular meter 150 years ago, at the beginning of their mass patenting, when a single standard was not yet strictly adhered to classification of geometric FTAs. The analogous patent

[11] has a counter-pressing of elastic measuring surfaces, while not provides the possibility of regulating the measuring force and its quantitative control. The disadvantages of the analog patent

[11] are related to its limited capabilities and the impossibility of achieving the purpose of the utility model. The patent-analog of the utility model "Linear-dynamometric micrometer" is a Ukrainian patent UA№ 99688

[12] , in which specialists of the Ukrainian enterprise "MICROTECH" proposed a computer micrometer with a microcomputer built into a digital readout device, providing the most wide functionality among modern micrometers in the world. Computer micrometers under a similar patent

[12] have been mass-produced in Ukraine for over 10 years. [6], are also massively supplied for export. The analogous patent

[12] does not provide for regulation and quantitative control of the measuring force. The disadvantages of the analogue patent

[12] are related to a different purpose and the impossibility of achieving the goal. utility model. The patent-analog of the utility model "Linear-dynamometric micrometer" is a 118-year-old American patent US№ 903484

[13] , which proposes a micrometer with a movable heel. The analogous patent

[13] does not have means of regulating the measuring force and its quantitative control. The disadvantages of the analogue patent

[13] are related to its different purpose, with limited capabilities. and with the impossibility of achieving the purpose of the utility model. The patent-analog of the utility model "Linear-dynamometric micrometer" is a 147-year-old American patent US№ 211975

[14] , which proposed a micrometer with a constant measuring effort. The analogous patent

[14] has a movable heel attached to a calibrated spring and lever, a retractable end which informs about the achievement of the expected tare effort. The patent analogue

[14] does not have means of regulation and quantitative control of the measuring force micrometer. The disadvantages of the analogue patent

[14] are related to limited capabilities and the impossibility of ensuring the purpose of the utility model. The patent-analog of the utility model "Linear-dynamometric micrometer" is a Ukrainian patent UA№ 147949

[15] , in which specialists of the Kharkov enterprise "MICROTECH" proposed computerized dynamometric caliper, in which as a means of controlling the measuring force A strain gauge mounted on a moving frame of a computerized caliper was used. A feature of the computer caliper

[15] is that the finger of the right hand presses on button that transmits force to a strain gauge that is electrically connected to the built-in microcomputer. When the programmed measuring force is reached, the built-in microcomputer automatically records the current linear value of the caliper and in green on on the screen signals the achievement of the measuring force (in case of deviations from the actual measuring (The screen is red due to the programmed effort). Computerized dynamometric caliper according to a similar patent

[15] is produced in It is mass-produced in Ukraine [6] and is also massively supplied for export. The analogous patent

[15] cannot be formally transferred to our utility model, since in micrometers, forced movement of the spindle is provided by a micrometric pair when tightening drum, while in calipers the forced movement of the moving frame is performed directly the user's finger or palm. The disadvantages of the analogue patent

[15] are related to a different purpose and the impossibility of achieving the goal. utility model. The patent-analog of the utility model "Linear-dynamometric micrometer" is 49 years old American patent US№ 4168575

[16] , in which specialists from the company "Mitutoyo" (Japan), a leading world manufacturer of geometric measuring instruments, offered a micrometer with a constant measuring range force on a movable elastic heel, which is mounted on a tare device with a force indicator. The movable heel of the patent-analogue

[16] is elastically supported by a pair of flat springs and with the help of gear transmission converts linear heel movement into angular analog arrow movement effort indicator. The disadvantages of the analogue patent

[16] are associated with analog linear and dynamometric readings, which requires constant user participation for ongoing control of two reading devices, fundamentally makes it impossible to achieve the purpose of the utility model. The closest analogue is the 25-year-old American patent US№ 6552685

[17] , in which specialists Japanese company "Mitutoyo" offered a digital micrometer with a tared device on a movable heels. A digital counting device is used as a linear reference in the closest analogue

[17] . The calibrated devices in both similar patents of the company "Mitutoyo" (Japan) [16, 17] are quite similar. structurally and functionally. Using the force indicator, the initial calibration of the indicator is performed when selected measuring force and subsequent measurements of parts at the selected measuring force efforts. The closest analogue

[17] has the following components: - micrometer clamp; - micrometer heel (movable) with a movable measuring surface; - micrometric pair of micrometers; - micrometer spindle; - digital reading device for determining linear movements; - rotary micrometer drum; - calibrated micrometer device (lever-elastic, with a pair of flat springs and with an analog counting the measuring force on a circular scale). It should be noted that in most countries spring scales (the largest mass fraction among the varieties dynamometers) are prohibited for use in responsible weight control

[18] . The closest analogue

[17] is quite difficult to use, as it requires simultaneous visual inspection of two scales (circular scale of the measuring force indicator and cylindrical circular scale of the micrometer head). The use of flat springs in a tare device is always associated with significant errors in determining the measuring force The disadvantages of the closest analogue

[17] are associated with limited metrological capabilities. spring dynamometers, with limited functionality, with significant identification error. The task of the utility model is to continuously monitor two measurement parameters. (linear and dynamometric) during measurements with minimal elastic displacements measuring surface on the strain gauge. The problem is solved by the fact that in a linear-dynamometric micrometer, consisting of from a clamp, a heel, two measuring surfaces, a micrometer pair with a spindle, a digital counting device, drum and tare device, according to the utility model, tare The device consists of a strain gauge with an electrical wire connected to a hub with a sensor display. The drawing shows a general view of the utility model "Linear-dynamometric micrometer" The linear-dynamometric micrometer consists of a bracket 1, a heel 2, two measuring surfaces 3, micrometric pair 4 with spindle 5, digital readout device 6, drum 7, a tare device 8, characterized in that the tare device 8 consists of a strain gauge 9 with an electrical wire 10, which is connected to a hub 11 with a touch screen display 12. In the closest analogy

[17] , the heel with the measuring surface has significant tare displacements of several hundred microns, which are significantly larger than the standardized error of micrometers [1, 2]. The elastic movements of the heel with the measuring surface in the similar patent

[16] are 70-100 times greater than micron displacements of the measuring surface 3 during elastic deformations of the strain gauge 9 in our utility model. This reduces the deviations of co-axiality and parallelism between both measuring instruments by orders of magnitude. surfaces 3 and, in general, many times reduces the mechanical component when calculating the total uncertainties for the micrometer. It also significantly improves the repeatability of measurement results and reduces error. measurements of our utility model compared to any other micrometers with calibrated devices. The bracket 1, micrometric pair 4 with spindle 5 and drum 7 are structurally similar to the closest analogue patent

[17] and to all modern micrometer designs [1-6]. The bracket 1 of the utility model should provide for the possibility of passing an electric wire through it. 10 with a diameter of 2 mm (possibly different). The heel 2 of the utility model, unlike the movable heel in the closest analogue

[17] , is fixed fixed on bracket 1, as in all traditional micrometers [1-6]. Both measuring surfaces 3 are made traditionally, as for all serial micrometers of the MK(C) type, with classy round working surfaces with a flatness of 1 μm (possibly other), formed on disks made of hard materials (hard alloy or hardened steel), which in the utility model are attached with the opposite non-working surfaces to the end of the strain gauge 9 (on the heel 2) and to the end of the spindle 5 (on micrometer head). The micrometer pair 4 and the spindle 5 in the utility model are traditional, as in the closest analogue

[17] and in all serial micrometers of the MK(C) type [1-6]. The micrometer pair 4 in our useful model provides forced longitudinal movement spindle 5 with a minimum positioning step (1 μm or 0.1, possibly another) to obtain reliable and accurate linear values. The digital readout device 6 is designed to identify longitudinal linear movements spindle 5 with electronic display of linear value. In a similar patent

[16] , a digital readout device allows linear results to be displayed on liquid crystal screen, as in all digital micrometers [1-6]. In the utility model "Linear-dynamometric micrometer" to a digital reading device 6 connected hub 11 for processing, logging and archiving results, with their display on touch screen display 12. The drum 7 is designed for forced longitudinal movement of the spindle 5 together with appropriate measuring surface 3. Drum 7 is structurally identical to the closest analogous patent

[17] and for all traditional digital micrometers [1-6]. The tare device 8 in the utility model is placed on a fixed heel 2 (unlike the closest analogous patent

[17] , where the heel is made movable). The calibration device 8 of the utility model is intended for controlling the measuring force micrometer and consists of a strain gauge 11 with an electric wire 12. Unlike the calibrated device from the closest analogous patent

[17] , which has working movement of its measuring surface up to 300 microns due to large calibrated steam strokes flat springs, in our utility model the calibrated device 8 only provides for micron movement of the elastic element of the strain gauge 9 due to the high sensitivity of the strain gauge in the composition strain gauge 9. The strain gauge 9 transforms the pressing force into an electronic signal, which is transmitted via an electronic wire 12 is transmitted to hub 13, for processing in conjunction with the corresponding digital reference value device 6. The strain gauge 9 consists of a housing with an elastic element on which a rigidly fixed Strain gauge for mechano-electrical conversion of measuring force to digital value for further processing in hub 11. As strain gauge 9, it is possible to use special or serial miniature strain gauges of various manufacturers who must meet the following requirements: - provide control of measuring forces within the range of 0-20 N (possibly other) with discreteness reading not worse than 0.1 N (other is possible); - have the form of rods or washers that are geometrically related to adjacent components of the useful model (with the possibility of attaching a strain gauge 9 to the heel 2 and to the corresponding measuring surface 3; - have lumbar dimensions, the diameters of which must be correlated with the diameters of adjacent heels 2 and measuring surface 3 (which usually has diameters of 6.5, 8, 10, 24 mm, others are possible); - have structural means for their simple and reliable fastening. As a strain gauge 9 of the utility model, it is advisable to use available mass miniature strain gauges. types LCR16-20N (rod) and LCF02-20N) disk) from the company "LCS Tech" (China)

[19] (possibly others), which have special fastening means (threads and protrusions) for technological connection to elements of our utility model and our own information wire that can be used in quality of electric wire 10 of our utility model. The electrical wire 10 is designed to transmit information in electrical form regarding current measuring force from the load cell 9 to the built-in hub 11. The electric wire 10 is made in the form of a corresponding signal wire, which is laid everywhere bracket 1 and protected from damage. In our utility model, the hub 11 is mechanically connected to the digital readout device 6 and should perform the following functions: - automatically receive, process and store linear measurement results from micrometric reference device; - automatically receive, process and store the results of dynamometric measurements from strain gauge 9; - identify the results of linear measurements according to the criteria Yes-No, Min-Max, and others are possible; - automatically determine the results of linear measurements that correspond to the programmed measuring efforts, with their logging and archiving in hub 11; - display the values ​​of linear displacements and measuring forces, the results of their mathematical and statistical processing on the dual digital display 12 in the form of tables and graphs distribution; - automatically forward and receive by wireless two-way communication of hub 11 with external PCs (servers, laptops, tablets, smartphones) and with digital machines for transferring results measurements, for adjusting technological modes and for adjusting measuring efforts utility model in the "Industry 4.0" system. Hub 11 should be manufactured in accordance with the recommendations of Ukrainian patent UA№ 155293

[20] , in which specialists from the Kharkov enterprise "MICROTECH" offered a barbell hub with the possibility of combination of different types of FTA and other devices with electrical communication (wired and wireless). Hub 11 has the form of an embedded microcomputer with metrological software for coordinated processing measurement results for pairs of linear and dynamometric values ​​according to the selected algorithm choice. The touch display 12 is designed for programming the hub 11 and for displaying current values ​​of linear displacements and corresponding measuring forces, results of their processing, other functional indicators obtained from hub 11. The touch display 12 may be custom-made or constructed using off-the-shelf touch color displays with a diagonal of 1.5-2.5 inches (other possible). Before starting each measurement and when measuring with regulated variables measuring efforts are used to zero the useful model at the corresponding measuring efforts using the touch display 12. Using the useful model "Linear-dynamometric micrometer" does not require special knowledge from the user, only the ability to work with a computer geometric measurer [6]. The utility model "Linear-dynamometric micrometer" is used as follows on example of controlling a batch of parts (50 pcs) with a nominal size of 18.5 mm, with a measuring force 7 N, with automatic determination of part batch parameters (50 Yes-No indicators for each of the 50 controlled parts and the total indicator for the batch, Min-Max for a batch of 50 parts and graphical distribution of measurement results of batch parts), with automatic transfer to external server and to the digital metalworking machine: 1) Determine the expected linear and dynamometric indicators of the controlled part; 2) Include a digital readout device 6, a strain gauge 9, a hub 11 with a touch screen display 12; 3) Program the hub 11 to a regulated measuring force of 7 N using the touch display 12; 4) Program hub 11 to automatically receive current linear (from digital reference device 6) and dynamometric values ​​(from the strain gauge 9), for their appropriate processing, logging and archiving, for wireless transmission to the outside; 5) Perform initial calibration of the useful model by summing both measurement surfaces 3 to touch and automatic zeroing of the linear value when reached measuring force 7 N; 6) Measure the first part to be tested by clamping it between both measuring jaws. surfaces 3, with automatic detection and logging in the hub 11 of the actual size and compliance with the Yes-No criterion with the display of current pairs of linear and dynamometric values, with displaying them on the touch screen display 12; 7) Repeat the transition to point 6, if necessary, duplicating measurements with calculating the average value by series of doubles performed; 8) Measure the next 49 controlled parts by repeating steps 6 and 7; 9) Automatically calculate in the hub 11 group indicators for a batch of 50 parts, as statistics for Yes-No, Min-Max criteria, also a distribution graph of 50 measurement values ​​(with the possibility of displaying them on a dual display of dual digital indication 12; 10) Logged and archived automatically in the hub 11 (with the possibility of displaying on the touch screen) displays 12) all received pair measurement values ​​and results of linear value calculations for this batches of parts; 11) Automatically (if necessary) wirelessly forwards the corresponding 11 measurement and mathematical processing results to external PCs and to the digital machine tool involved; 12) Turn off manually or automatically (if no measurements are taken for 20-60 minutes, all The electronic devices of the utility model are involved in the transition of item 2. A comparative analysis of the utility model "Linear-dynamometric micrometer" was conducted in in the form of a single sample with a set of the most famous serial micrometers (separately with small and average measuring efforts) from the Japanese company "Mitutoyo" [4], see Table. Table Micrometer parameters with adjustable measuring efforts Utility model "Linear micrometer" "dynamometric" Adjustable micrometer set measuring force series 227 from of the company "Mitutoyo" (Japan) / 4 / The total number of required micrometers, pcs. 1 5 Total range micrometer measurements with with adjustable efforts, mm 0…25 Two micrometers with small measuring efforts 0-15 mm (227-201-20) 15-30 mm (227-203-20) Three micrometers with average measuring efforts 0-10 mm (227-205-20) 10-20 mm (227-206-20) 20-30 mm (227-207-20) Linear resolution, μm 0.1 1 Controlled range measuring forces, N 0.5-20 In total 0.5-10, including: - 0.5-2.5 (small effort) - 2-10 (medium effort) Discreteness of measuring effort, N 0.1 (in the entire range) 0.1 (for small efforts) 0.5 (for medium effort) Linear error measurements, microns 0.5 2 Yes-No, Min-Max Yes No functions Mathematical processing, logging and archiving results Yes No Compliance "Industry 4.0" systems Yes No Price of range micrometers 0…25 mm with adjustable efforts, % 15.5 100 Cost usage, % 12,100 The analysis confirmed the possibility and feasibility of producing a utility model. "Linear-dynamometric micrometer", which launched a new generation of especially precise micrometers with adjustable measuring forces in an extended range. The utility model "Linear-dynamometric micrometer" provides operational adjustments measuring efforts in an extended range, the best metrological and economic indicators and compliance with the "Industry 4.0" system. 1. www.dinmedia.de.- Standard DIN863-1 "Micrometer", 2017 2. www.iso.org.- Standard ISO3611 GPS: "Micrometer", 2022 3. www.sylvac.com.- Catalog "Sylvac-2026": Micrometers, 2026 4. www.mitutoyo.com.- Catalog "Mitutoyo-2026": Micrometers, 2026 5. www.mahr.com.- Catalog "Mahr-2026": Micrometers, 2026 6. www.microtech-ua.com.- Catalog "MICROTECH-2026": Micrometers, 2026 7. www.patents.google.- Patent US No. 528759 "Automatic stop for micrometer gage" 8. www.patents.google.- Patent US No. 4188727 "Constant pressure slide calipers" 9. www.patents.google.- Patent US No. 2484772 "Tolerance limit indicator" 10. www.patents.google.- Patent US No. 2599971 "Indicator for micrometer calipers" 11. www.patents.google.- Patent US No. 1152761 "Micrometer gage" 12. www.ukrpatent.org.- Patent UA№ 99688 "Computer micrometer" 13. www.patents.google.- Patent US No. 903484 "Measuring instruments" 14. www.patents.google.- Patent US No. 211975 "Micrometer screw-gage" 15. www.ukrpatent.org.- Patent UA№ 147949 "Computer dynamometric caliper" 16. www.patents.google.- Patent US No. 4168575 "Constant pressure measuring micrometer" 17. www.patents.google.- Patent US 6553685 "Measuring instruments" 18. www.researcfate.com.- J.F.Laude: Early Dynamometer.EPFL, 2014 19. www.lcsloadcells.com.- Catalog "LCS Tech-2026": Load cell sensors, 2026 20. www.ukrpatent.org.- Патент UA№ 155293 "Штанген-хаб"

Claims

Linear-dynamometric micrometer, consisting of a bracket, a heel, two measuring surfaces, micrometer pair with spindle, digital readout device, drum and a tare device, characterized in that the tare device consists of a strain gauge with an electrical wire that connects it to a hub with a touch display.

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