System and method for internal etching surfaces of transparent materials with information pertaining to a blockchain for authenticating a medical device

Abstract

A system for authenticating a medical device includes a medical device that can be surgically implanted in a human body. A tangible token that comprises a transparent gemstone is affixed to the medical device. The transparent gemstone may be internally etched with an identification number and / or information pertaining to a block chain. A tester may be configured to perform a variety of tests on the transparent gemstone to determine authenticity of the gemstone prior to surgical implantation into the human body.

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INTERNAL ETCHING SURFACES OF TRANSPARENT MATERIALS WITH INFORMATION PERTAINING TO A BLOCKCHAIN FOR AUTHENTICATING A MEDICAL DEVICECROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 469,481, filed May 29, 2023, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] This disclosure relates to a blockchain. More specifically, this disclosure relates to a system and method for etching internal surfaces of transparent gemstones with information pertaining to an identification code and / or a blockchain for authenticating a medical device.BACKGROUND

[0003] A blockchain is a distributed database that maintains a continuously -growing list of records, called blocks, that may be linked together to form a chain. Each block in the blockchain may contain a timestamp and a link to a previous block and / or record. The blocks may be secured from tampering and revision. In addition, a blockchain may include a secure transaction ledger database shared by parties participating in an established, distributed network of computers. A blockchain may record a transaction (e.g.. an exchange or transfer of information) that occurs in the network, thereby reducing or eliminating the need for trusted / centralized third parties. In some cases, the parties participating in a transaction may not know the identities of any other parties participating in the transaction but may securely exchange information. Further, the distributed ledger may correspond to a record of consensus with a cryptographic audit trail that is maintained and validated by a set of independent computers. A blockchain may store a cryptocurrency and / or a non-fungible token.SUMMARY

[0004] Various embodiments of a system that includes a medical device with an affixed transparent gemstone are disclosed. Broadly speaking, a medical device is received prior to a surgical procedure to implant the medical device in a human body. The medical device includes a transparent gemstone that is internally etched with information pertaining to an identification code. The authenticity of the transparent gemstone may be determined prior to retrieving the informationfrom the transparent gemstone. The retrieved information may then be entered into a surgical record associated with the surgical procedure to implant the medical device.

[0005] Other technical features may be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures, descriptions, and claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006] For a detailed description of example embodiments, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings.

[0007] FIG. 1 illustrates a system architecture according to certain embodiments of this disclosure.

[0008] FIG. 2 illustrates a side view of a tangible token according to certain embodiments of this disclosure.

[0009] FIG. 3 illustrates a computing device projecting an image retrieved from a non-fungible token based on information read from a tangible token according to certain embodiments of this disclosure.

[0010] FIG. 4 illustrates a sealed tangible token including information associated with a blockchain according to certain embodiments of this disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a method for manufacturing a single integrated transparent gemstone internally etched with information pertaining to a non-fungible token according to certain embodiments of this disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a method for manufacturing a single integrated transparent gemstone internally etched with information pertaining to a cryptocurrency according to certain embodiments of this disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a method for validating information etched on a tangible token according to certain embodiments of this disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a method for projecting information obtained from a non-fungible token associated with a tangible token according to certain embodiments of this disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a method for generating interest on a principle value associated with an indivisible block of cryptocurrency stored on a blockchain according to certain embodiments of this disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 10 illustrates an example computer system according to embodiments of this disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 11 illustrates an example cryptocurrency tangible token and an example NFT tangible token according to embodiments of this disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a piece of medical equipment used to gather data on a human body.

[0019] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of an implantable medical device that includes a tangible token.

[0020] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a wearable medical device that includes a tangible token.

[0021] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of an implantable hearing assistance device that includes a tangible token.

[0022] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a tester used to verify authenticity of a tangible token.

[0023] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a system used to retrieve information from a tangible token.

[0024] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a test device used to check the smoothness of a surface of a tangible token.

[0025] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of a test device used to check thermal properties of a tangible token.

[0026] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a test device used to check reflectivity of a tangible token.

[0027] FIG. 21 illustrates an example of a test device used to check fluorescence of a tangible token.

[0028] FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a test device used to check a depth of etched features in a tangible token.

[0029] FIG. 23 illustrates a flow diagram depicting an embodiment of a method for authenticating an implantable medical device that includes a tangible token.

[0030] FIG. 24 illustrates a flow diagram depicting an embodiment of a method for checking physical characteristics of a tangible token.

[0031] FIG. 25 illustrates a flow diagram depicting an embodiment of a method for retrieving data regarding a medical device using information internally etched into a tangible token included in the medical device.

[0032] FIG. 26 illustrates a flow diagram depicting an embodiment of a method for post- operatively verifying authenticity of an implantable medical device.

[0033] FIG. 27 illustrates a flow diagram depicting an embodiment of a method for authorizing insurance policies against counterfeit medical devices.

[0034] FIG. 28 illustrates a flow diagram depicting an embodiment of a method for authenticating a piece of medical equipment.NOTATION AND NOMENCLATURE

[0035] Various terms are used to refer to particular system components. Different entities may refer to a component by different names - this document does not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following discussion and in the claims, the terms “including” and “comprising” are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean “including, but not limited to... .” Also, the term “couple” or “couples” is intended to mean either an indirect or direct connection. Thus, if a first device couples to a second device, that connection may be through a direct connection or through an indirect connection via other devices and connections.

[0036] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an order of performance. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.

[0037] The terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections; however, these elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as “first,” “second.” and other numerical terms, when used herein, do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments. The phrase “at least one of,” when used with a list of items, means that different combinations of one or more of the listed items may be used, and only one item in the list may be needed. For example, “at least one of: A, B, and C” includes any of the following combinations: A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, and A and B and C. In another example, the phrase “one or more” when used with a list of items means there may be one item or any suitable number of items exceeding one.

[0038] Moreover, various functions described below can be implemented or supported by one or more computer programs, each of which is formed from computer readable program code andembodied in a computer readable medium. The terms “application” and “program” refer to one or more computer programs, software components, sets of instructions, procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, related data, or a portion thereof adapted for implementation in a suitable computer readable program code. The phrase “computer readable program code” includes any type of computer code, including source code, object code, and executable code. The phrase “computer readable medium” includes any type of medium capable of being accessed by a computer, such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), a hard disk drive, a compact disc (CD), a digital video disc (DVD), solid-state drives (SSDs), flash memory, or any other type of memory. A “non-transitory” computer readable medium excludes wired, wireless, optical, or other communication links that transport transitory electrical or other signals. A non- transitory computer readable medium includes media where data can be permanently stored and media where data can be stored and later overwritten, such as a rewritable optical disc or an erasable memory device.

[0039] Definitions for other certain words and phrases are provided throughout this patent document. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that in many if not most instances, such definitions apply to prior as well as future uses of such defined words and phrases.

[0040] The term “tangible token” may refer to a physical obj ect that includes information etched or provided internally within the physical object, and the physical object is at least partially transparent such that the information may be read.

[0041] The term “tangible token” and “single integrated transparent gemstone” may be used interchangeably herein.

[0042] A “private key” may refer to a cryptographic large, randomly -generated number with multiple digits represented as a string of alphanumeric characters. The private key may be used to sign transactions and to prove ownership of a blockchain address. The private key may encrypt and decrypt data.

[0043] A “public key” may refer to a cry ptographic key that can be obtained and used by anyone to encrypt messages intended for a particular recipient, such that the encrypted messages can be deciphered only by using a second key that is known only to the recipient, e.g.. having the private key.

[0044] A “digital w allet” may consist of a set of public addresses and private keys. Any device may deposit cryptocurrency in a public address, but funds cannot be removed from an address without the corresponding private key.

[0045] A “blockchain” may refer to a distributed database that maintains a continuously- growing list of records, called blocks, that may be linked together to form a chain.

[0046] A ‘'blockchain system’7may refer to a group of nodes that cooperate to maintain and build a blockchain according to a protocol.

[0047] A “node” may refer to a computing device participating in the blockchain system and that is connected to and interacts with the blockchain.

[0048] A “hash” may refer to an output of a cryptographic function used in securing information in a blockchain.

[0049] A “consensus algorithm” may refer to a process used to achieve approval or agreement on a single data value in a distributed system.

[0050] The term “feedback loop” may refer to a mutually dependent relationship between two parties in a given system.

[0051] The term “proof of work” may refer to a cryptographic process to ensure data security and / or uniformity.

[0052] The term “transparent” or “transparency” may refer to a property of a gemstone or material that enables at least some information (e.g.. etching, laser mark, engraving, etc.) included within the gemstone or material to be visible. In some embodiments, the information may not be visible to the naked eye (e.g., less than 0.1 millimeter in size). In some embodiments, the information may be visible to the naked eye (e.g., greater than 0. 1 millimeters in size).

[0053] A “proof of record” may refer to a compression process using the consensus algorithm designed to create a tiered, access-oriented, and adjustable blockchain architecture used by the blockchain system described herein.

[0054] The term “SHA” may refer to Secure Hash Algorithm.

[0055] The term “SHA-2” may refer to a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency.

[0056] The term “SHA256” may refer to a member of the SHA-2 cryptographic hash functions and may generate an almost-unique 256-bit data signature.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following discussion is directed to various embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. Although one or more of these embodiments may be preferred, the embodiments disclosed should not be interpreted, or otherwise used, as limiting the scope of the disclosure, including the claims. In addition, one skilled in the art will understand that the following description has broad application, and the discussion of any embodiment is meant only to be exemplary of that embodiment and not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to that embodiment.

[0058] FIGS. 1 through 10, discussed below, and the various embodiments used to describe the principles of this disclosure in this patent document are by way of illustration only and should not be construed in any way to limit the scope of the disclosure.

[0059] Blockchains may refer to a distributed ledger maintained by and stored on one or more computing devices in a decentralized fashion. A blockchain may provide access to immutable records of information. Blockchains may be published to the public. A blockchain may be stored on numerous computing devices connected via a network in a cloud-based computing system. Accordingly, since numerous computing devices (e.g. nodes) may alter the blockchain (e.g., by adding a new block), security is an important consideration when implementing a blockchain. Conventionally, to secure the blockchain, a proof of work is used that ensures reliable evidence that a significant amount of processing resources (such as time and / or processing resources) was used during the creation of a new block to be added to the blockchain. The Bitcoin implementation of blockchain requires a node to use processing resources to find a nonce value that, when hashed with the rest of a block header, results in a hash value which has a predetermined number of leading zeroes.

[0060] Also, some blockchain technologies, like Bitcoin, provide blockchains directly to all the participating nodes in a blockchain system. The blockchains may continue to grow in size as nodes add blocks for an unrestricted amount of time. There are different kinds of blockchains, such as permission-less and permissioned. In a permission-less blockchain, any entity may participate without an identity. In a permissioned blockchain, each entity that participates in the blockchain is identified and known. An example of a permissioned blockchain is a distributed ledger (e.g., a hyperledger). The permissions cause the participating nodes to view only the appropriate records of transactions in the distributed ledger. Programmable logic may be implemented as rules and / or smart contracts that are executed on the distributed ledger. In some embodiments, the rules may be analytics-based and may specify scenarios when updates to the distributed ledger are to be made. Using the analytics-based rules may make each node an active participant by updating the distributed ledger at specified times.

[0061] A smart contract may refer to a computer protocol with one or more functions capable of digitally facilitating, verify ing, and / or assisting with transactions associated with the blockchain. The smart contract may include a function configured to authorize and / or authenticate a transaction request made by a user, a function configured to add content to the distributed ledger (e.g., a non- fungible token, a cryptocurrency, and / or the like), a function configured to verify the content of the blockchain, a function configured to allow certain authorized users to view the content of the blockchain, a function configured to incentivize one or more transactions, and / or the like.

[0062] A non-fungible token (NFT) may refer to a non-interchangeable unit of data stored on a blockchain that can be sold and / or traded. In some embodiments, types of NFT data units that may be associated with digital files such as digital jewelry model designs, photos, images, videos, and / or audio. NFTs differ from cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, because cryptocurrencies are fungible (interchangeable) and NFTs are non-fungible.

[0063] A cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that is secured by cryptography and stored on a blockchain. Cryptocurrency is a form of a digital asset based on a network that is distributed across a large number of computers. Cryptocurrency transactions may be governed via a smart contract that controls transfers. Private keys may be used to sign transactions to enable the cryptocurrency to move from one digital wallet to another digital wallet. A public key may be used by the receiving digital wallet to verify the transfer is valid.

[0064] Conventionally, certain items, such as jewelry', may be sold to customers. The jewelry' may be unique in that it is one of a kind or at least one of a limited number of jewelries having a particular design or designed by a particular jeweler. To add value or make the piece of jewelry more desirable, in some embodiments, an NFT may be created that stores a digital design of the jewelry' on a block of a blockchain. The NFT’ s information may be etched internally on a gemstone and the gemstone may be provided to the customer that bought the piece of jewelry. The NFT information may include an address of where the NFT is located on the blockchain and may include a public key and a private key to verify ownership and the transaction that occurred when the customer bought the jewelry. In some embodiments, the information may be etched at a size that is not visible to the naked eye (e.g., less than 0.1 millimeter). However, using a magnifying glass or a microscope, for example, a user may read the information that is inscribed or etched internally within the gemstone. In some embodiments, the information etched on the gemstone may be partially or completely obscured with a bezel (e.g., gold) around an outer edge of the gemstone. In some embodiments, a graphic inscribed or etched internally on the inside of the gemstone may be visible when the bezel is obscuring the information. The bezel may be damaged or removed to view all of the blockchain information etched on the gemstone. Such a technique may enable the gemstone to be circulated without someone casually reading the blockchain information. The gemstone may be a sapphire, diamond, emerald, jade, amethyst, pearl, amber, rose quartz, turquoise, moonstone, or the like. The gemstones may be structurally resilient and may not decay or degrade for thousands of years. Thus, the information included with the gemstones may be preserved for thousands of years. The gemstone may be referred to as a tangible token and / or a single integrated transparent gemstone herein.

[0065] In some embodiments, more than one wafer (e.g., gemstone wafer) may be used to create a single integrated transparent gemstone. In some embodiments, a sapphire wafer may be shaped like a disk, which may be 1 inch, 2 inches, 3 inches, 4 inches, etc. A first sapphire wafer may include an internal side and an external side. The internal side of the first sapphire wafer may be laser etched (e.g., via a lithological process) to include various information, such as a private key to a block storing an NFT or a cryptocurrency, a public key to the block on the blockchain, an address of the block on the blockchain, an image associated with the block on the blockchain, among other things.

[0066] The information may be etched, engraved, indented, and / or marked on the internal side of the first sapphire wafer. For example, a machine including a laser may be used to etch the information onto the internal side of the wafer by melting a surface of the internal side to correspond to the information (e.g., melts the alphanumeric characters of the private key, the public key, and / or the address). A second sapphire wafer may be aligned with the first sapphire wafer such that the information included on the internal side of the first sapphire wafer is encapsulated between the first and second sapphire wafers. That is, the information does not extend beyond a perimeter created by the aligned first and second sapphire wafers. The two sapphire wafers may be fused together such that the information is hermetically sealed between the two wafers. A flame fusion process may be used, for example, to fuse two sapphire wafers together. In some embodiments, fusing the two sapphire wafers may include bonding by molecular adhesion.

[0067] Either or both of the first and second sapphire wafers may be transparent such that the information may be visible to the naked e e or via a magnifying device if the information is etched at a size smaller than the naked eye can visibly detect. The two wafers may be connected by bonding by molecular adhesion. The hermetic seal may form a barrier to diffusion of humidity or gas or liquid chemicals.

[0068] In some embodiments, the internal side of the first sapphire wafer may include a recess forming a pattern of a graphical element and / or alphanumeric characters and the recess may be filled with a material. By fusing and / or bonding through molecular adhesion the sapphire wafers together a monolithic structure may be formed that includes the information enclosed internally. Accordingly, the information etched, engraved, indented, and / or marked internally within the single integrated transparent gemstone may be protected from tampering for thousands of years due to the strength and durability properties of the gemstone. To fuse the two wafers together, a mechanism may be used to apply heat and pressure such that the internal sides of each wafer bond with one another and form the hermetic seal. In some embodiments, bonding techniques may be used where the bond is transparent and each surface of the internal sides of the wafers are machinedvery flat and smooth to enable optimized contact. In some embodiments, a welding process may be used to fuse the two wafers together. In some embodiments, an adhesion layer may be included between the first sapphire wafer and the second sapphire wafer.

[0069] In some embodiments, the melting temperature of certain materials for the wafers may be 1,790 degrees Celsius. In some embodiments, a certain material may be selected to be deposited in a recess of the internal side of the first sapphire wafer. The certain material may have a melting temperature of about 1,760 degrees Celsius. After the single integrated transparent gemstone is created, it may have a high resistance to thermal aggression (e.g., fire). Accordingly, the single integrated transparent gemstone may be extremely durable for thousands of years. In some embodiments, by bonding by molecular adhesion, mineral materials may be used, and the optical properties may be stable over time such that the visibility of the information remains constant, continuous, etc. over time.

[0070] In some embodiments, the tangible token may be inserted into a computing device. The computing device may include a slot in which the tangible token is deposited and / or the computing device may include a reading component (e.g., sensor, camera, etc.) that is able to identify the tangible token and read the information internally included within the tangible token. The computing device may transmit, via a network, the information to one or more computing devices storing the blockchain to validate whether the information is valid. In some embodiments, the computing device may include a projecting device configured to project any data (e.g., image) associated with the information that is obtained from the blockchain when the information is validated. In some embodiments, the tangible token may be sealed in a material that is opaque and prevents the information from being visible at all. In order to view the information, the material may be cracked, pealed, broken, tom open. etc. such that the material is removed from the tangible token.

[0071] Turning now to the figures, FIG. 1 depicts a system architecture 10 according to some embodiments. The system architecture 10 may include one or more computing devices 102 communicatively coupled to a cloud-based computing system 108. The cloud-based computing system 108 may include one or more servers. Each of the computing device 102 and / or servers included in the cloud-based computing system 108 may include one or more processing devices, memory' devices, and / or network interface devices. The network interface devices may enable communication via a wireless protocol for transmitting data over short distances, such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, NFC, etc. Additionally, the network interface devices may enable communicating data over long distances, and in one example, the computing device 102 and the cloud-based computing system 108 may communicate with a network 112. Network 112 may bea public network (e.g., connected to the Internet via wired (Ethernet) or wireless (WiFi)), a private network (e.g. , a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN)), or a combination thereof. Network 112 may also comprise a node or nodes on the Internet of Things (loT).

[0072] The computing device 102 may be any suitable computing device, such as a laptop, tablet, smartphone, or computer. The computing device 102 may include a display capable of presenting a user interface 106. The user interface 106 may be implemented in computer instructions stored on the one or more memory devices of the cloud-based computing system 108 and / or computing device 102 and may be executable by the one or more processing devices of the cloud-based computing system 108 and / or computing device 102. The user interface 106 may present various screens to a user. For example, the user interface 106 may present a screen that indicates whether information pertaining to a non-fungible token and / or a cryptocurrency is valid or not valid. The user interface 106 may present a screen that indicates that the owner of the non- fungible token and / or cryptocurrency is authorized or not authorized. The user interface 106 may present a screen that displays data associated with a non-fungible token and / or cryptocurrency. For example, the screen may present a digital model of a jewelry design associated with the non- fungible token.

[0073] In some embodiments, the user interface 106 is a stand-alone application installed and executing on the computing device 102. In some embodiments, the user interface 106 (e.g., website) executes within another application (e.g.. web browser). The cloud-based computing system 108 and the computing device 102 may also include instructions stored on one or more memory devices that, when executed by the one or more processing devices of the computing device 102 perform operations of any of the methods described herein.

[0074] In some embodiments, the cloud-based computing system 108 may include one or more servers that form a distributed computing architecture. The servers may be a rackmount server, a router computer, a personal computer, a portable digital assistant, a mobile phone, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a camera, a video camera, a netbook, a desktop computer, a media center, any other device capable of functioning as a server, or any combination of the above. Each of the servers may include one or more processing devices, memory devices, data storage, and / or network interface cards. The servers may be in communication with one another via any suitable communication protocol.

[0075] The cloud-based computing system 108 may include a blockchain 116. The blockchain 116 may refer to a distributed ledger that is decentralized and controlled by peer-to-peer authorization. For example, to add a block to the blockchain 116, a consensus protocol may be used where more than a threshold (e.g., more than 75%) of the nodes on the blockchain 116 agreeto allow a block to be added to the blockchain 116. A node may refer to a computing device (e.g., server) that has an instance of the blockchain 116 stored in memory and / or executed by a processing device.

[0076] The blockchain 116 may store one or more blocks that each have a respective address. There may also be private and public keys associated with the blocks and users that perform transactions using their computing devices. Further, each block may be associated with a smart transaction that controls the transactions and records each and every transaction in the blockchain 116. In some embodiments, the blocks may store NFTs 105. The NFTs 105 may further store images, audio, video, or the like. In one example, the NFTs 105 may store a digital model of a jewelry design. The block chain 116 may also include one or more blocks that store a cryptocurrency 107. The cryptocurrency may be associated with a number of units and an identifier for the cryptocurrency. Both the NFTs 105 and the cryptociirrency 107 may include metadata associated with an owner of the NFTs 105 and the cryptocurrency 107. In some embodiments, any information associated with the NFTs and / or the cryptocurrency 107 may be stored as metadata in the respective block of the blockchain 116.

[0077] As depicted, a tangible token 123 may be manufactured by fusing together two wafers of a gemstone to create a single integrated transparent gemstone. The tangible token 123 may include internally etched information including, but not limited to, at least a private key associated with the blockchain 116 and a user, a public key associated with the blockchain 116 and a user, an address of the blockchain 116, an image, text, or some combination thereof. The address of the blockchain may include a string of text that uniquely identifies the source or destination of a transaction. The blockchain 116 may have an address that is created by a cry ptographic operation. The address of a blockchain 116 may function akin to an electronic mail address. It may refer to a specific destination of where a block storing an NFT or a cryptocurrency is located. To that end, using the keys (e.g., private and / or public) data associated with a block at the address may be validated, obtained, authorized, secured, displayed, transferred, etc.

[0078] The computing device may include a reading component 104. The reading component 104 may be a sensor and / or a camera. The tangible token 123 may be placed proximately to or touch the reading component 104, and the reading component 104 may perform an operation to read the information included internally within the tangible token 123. For example, the reading component 104 may be a camera and may obtain or stream an image of the tangible token 123. A processing device of the computing device 102 may receive the image and perform optical character recognition to decipher the information that is internally etched within the tangible token 123. The computing device 102 may transmit the information to the cloud-based computing system108 to obtain data related to the tangible token's 123 private key, public key, and / or address. If the information is validated as belonging to the owner requesting the data, the data may be retrieved from the blockchain 116 and returned to the computing device 102. In some embodiments, a new transaction may be entered for the block that was accessed.

[0079] In some embodiments, the tangible token 123 may include a single transparent gemstone. The single transparent gemstone may be produced by etching information pertaining to a blockchain on a gemstone surface during (e.g., in the middle of) a growing process of the gemstone, and the single transparent gemstone may be grown to a state where the information is internally included within the single transparent gemstone such that it is not physically exposed to elements outside an outer surface of the single transparent gemstone. The information may be wholly included within an outer surface perimeter of the single transparent gemstone. The information may include the blockchain information.

[0080] FIG. 2 illustrates a side view of a tangible token 123 according to certain embodiments of this disclosure. As depicted, a first transparent gemstone 204 includes a first internal side 210, and a second transparent gemstone 202 includes a second internal side 208. The first internal side 210 includes an etching 200 that is recessed due to a laser etching machine, for example. The etching 200 may be filled with a material, in some embodiments. The material may include a mineral material, such as a metal and / or liquid (e.g., paint). In some embodiments, the etching 200 may represent the information associated with the blockchain 116, such as the private key. public key, and / or address. The etching 200 may be sized smaller than can be viewed by the naked eye (e.g., less than 0. 1 millimeter), in some embodiments. Alternatively, the etching 200 may be bigger than visible to the naked eye (e.g., more than 0.1 millimeter). Each of the first transparent gemstone 204 and the second transparent gemstone 202 may be sapphire, diamond, or the like. As depicted, the etching 200 representing the information is encapsulated within a perimeter of the tangible token 123 such that the information does not extend beyond the perimeter. In this w ay, a hermetic seal is created after the first and second transparent gemstones are molecularly fused together.

[0081] In some embodiments, the tangible token 123 may be grown in a lab from sapphire or diamond such that there is no fusion of two transparent gemstones. In some embodiments, the information is etched during a growing process (e.g., in the middle of the growing process) of a single transparent gemstone and the information is etched on a surface of the partially grown single transparent gemstone. Once the information is etched on the gemstone surface, the growing process may continue such that the information is included internally within a fully grown single transparent gemstone. The gemstone may include obtaining a small slice of a gemstone and placing the gemstone in a crucible container. A chamber of the crucible container may be filled withingredients (e.g.. a blended liquid of minerals) that feeds the gemstone growth, and the growth may be accomplished at a certain temperature (e.g., 1,000 degrees Celsius) or within a range of temperatures (e.g., 1,000 degrees Celsius to 1,500 degrees Celsius). The gemstone may be grown naturally by recreating conditions in which gems grow in the earth. The chamber may be sealed with and pressure may be added to the chamber. A combination of ingredients, heat, and pressure may be applied for a certain period of time to enable the gem to crystallize and grow. To grow a diamond in a lab, carbon may be exposed to high pressure and temperature in a controlled environment for a certain amount of time (e.g., 10-12 months).

[0082] During the growing process, the conditions (e.g., pressure and temperature) may be modified to enable the growing gemstone to be accessed within the chamber and laser-etched with the information pertaining to the NFT and / or cryptocurrency. The partially grown gemstone may be placed under the growing conditions again so growth of the gemstone may begin again and the information internally included within the outer edge I surface of the fully grow n gemstone.

[0083] FIG. 3 illustrates a computing device projecting an image 300 retrieved from a non- fungible token 105 based on information read from a tangible token 123 according to certain embodiments of this disclosure. The computing device 102 may use its reading component 104 to read the information internally included within the tangible token 123. The information may include an address of the blockchain 116, a public key associated with the blockchain 116, and / or a private key associated with the blockchain 116. The computing device 102 may connect to the cloud-based computing system 108 via the network 112 and transmit the information to the cloudbased computing system 108. The cloud-based computing system 108 may receive the information and validate the ow ner of the NFT 105 is associated with the private key at the address specified in the information. Once the NFT 105 is validated for the owner’s private key, the cloud-based computing system 108 may retrieve an image 300 from the block associated with the NFT 105. The image 300 may be transmitted, via the netw ork 112, to the computing device 102. The computing device 102 may use a projector to project the image 300 on a surface, as depicted (e.g., a person is projected on the surface). In some instances, the image 300 may represent a jewelrydesign of a unique piece of jewelry. In some embodiments, the computing device 102 may present the image 300 on the user interface 106.

[0084] FIG. 4 illustrates a sealed tangible token 400 including information associated with a blockchain according to certain embodiments of this disclosure. As depicted, the sealed tangible token 400 may be covered in an opaque material such that information etched internally within the tangible token 123 is not visible. The opaque material may include wax, paint, rubber, plastic, etc. To remove the opaque material, it may be cracked (e.g., represented by the X 402) and / or peeledoff from the underlying tangible token 123. As depicted, once the opaque material is removed, the tangible token 123 is viewable and its transparent property enables the private key (‘’123456”) to be read, either by the naked eye or with a magnifying object or the computing device 102.

[0085] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a method 500 for manufacturing a single integrated transparent gemstone internally etched with information pertaining to a non-fungible token according to certain embodiments of this disclosure. At block 502. a laser etching machine may etch, on a first internal side of a first transparent gemstone, information pertaining to a blockchain. The laser etching and / or engraving machine may include a laser, a controller, and a surface. The laser may emit a high quality monochromatic beam that allows the controller to trace patterns onto the surface. The laser may etch out and / or engrave out material of the substrate being targeted (e.g., the sapphire). In some embodiments, a material is added to the recession created by the etching such that the material fills the recession. The material may be detected and / or read by a reading component of a computing device performing optical character recognition, computer vision, or the like.

[0086] The information may include at least a private key associated with a blockchain, a public key associated with a blockchain, and / or an address associated with the blockchain. In some embodiments, the information may be associated with a non-fungible token stored on the blockchain. The information may include an image of a digital jewelry design, artwork, a logo, any suitable image, graphic design, text content, a symbol, a character, or some combination thereof. The information may be machine-readable and / or human-readable. In some embodiments, the information is etched to a size that is not visible to the naked eye (e.g., less than 0. 1 millimeter) on the internal side of the first transparent gemstone. In some embodiments, the information is etched to a size that is readable by the naked eye of a human (e.g., greater than 0. 1 millimeter). In some embodiments, the gemstone is a sapphire, diamond, etc.

[0087] At block 504, the first internal side of the first transparent gemstone may be aligned with a second internal side of a second transparent gemstone. The first and second transparent gemstones may be wafers. The aligning may encapsulate the information within a perimeter of the first and second internal sides such that the information does not extend beyond the perimeter.

[0088] At block 506, the first and second transparent gemstones may be fused together to create a single integrated transparent gemstone including the internally etched information. The fusing may provide a hermetic seal that prevents the information from being exposed to gas, pressure, etc. In some embodiments, the single integrated transparent gemstone may be attached to a piece of jewelry (e.g., a necklace, a bracelet, an anklet, a ring, an earring, etc.).

[0089] In some embodiments, the method 500 may include sealing the single integrated transparent gemstone in an opaque material such that the information is not visible. The opaque material may include clay, wax, rubber, plastic, paper, etc. To view the information included internally within the single integrated transparent gemstone, the opaque material may be removed, peeled, cracked, broken, etc. Once the opaque material is removed, the single integrated transparent gemstone may be examined to identify and determine the information internally etched within the single integrated transparent gemstone.

[0090] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a method 600 for manufacturing a single integrated transparent gemstone internally etched with information pertaining to a cryptocurrency according to certain embodiments of this disclosure. At block 602, a laser etching machine may etch, on a first internal side of a first transparent gemstone, information pertaining to a blockchain. The laser etching and / or engraving machine may include a laser, a controller, and a surface. The laser may emit a high uality monochromatic beam that allows the controller to trace patterns onto the surface. The laser may etch out and / or engrave out material of the substrate being targeted (e.g., the sapphire). In some embodiments, a material is added to the recession created by the etching such that the material fills the recession. The material may be detected and / or read by a reading component of a computing device performing optical character recognition, computer vision, or the like.

[0091] The information may include at least a private key associated with a blockchain, a public key associated with a blockchain, and / or an address associated with the blockchain. In some embodiments, the information may be associated with a cryptocurrency stored on the blockchain and / or stored in a digital wallet associated with the owner of the cryptocurrency. The information may be machine-readable and / or human-readable. In some embodiments, the information is etched to a size that is not visible to the naked eye (e.g., less than 0. 1 millimeter) on the internal side of the first transparent gemstone. In some embodiments, the information is etched to a size that is readable by the naked eye of a human (e.g., greater than 0.1 millimeter). In some embodiments, the gemstone is a sapphire, diamond, etc.

[0092] At block 604. the first internal side of the first transparent gemstone may be aligned with a second internal side of a second transparent gemstone. The first and second transparent gemstones may be wafers. The aligning may encapsulate the information within a perimeter of the first and second internal sides such that the information does not extend beyond the perimeter.

[0093] At block 606. the first and second transparent gemstones may be fused together to create a single integrated transparent gemstone including the internally etched information. The fusingmay provide a hermetic seal that prevents the information from being exposed to gas, pressure, etc.

[0094] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a method 700 for validating information etched on a tangible token according to certain embodiments of this disclosure. The method 700 may be performed by processing logic that may include hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software, or a combination of both. The method 700 and / or each of their individual functions, subroutines, or operations may be performed by one or more processors of a computing device (e.g., any component of cloud-based computing system 108 and / or computing device 102 of FIG. 1) implementing the method 700. The method 700 may be implemented as computer instructions stored on a memory device and executable by the one or more processors. In certain implementations, the method 700 may be performed by a single processing thread. Alternatively, the method 700 may be performed by two or more processing threads, each thread implementing one or more individual functions, routines, subroutines, or operations of the methods.

[0095] At block 702, the processing device may read the information etched internally within the single integrated transparent gemstone. The information may be machine-readable (e.g., a barcode, a quick response code, binary, alphanumeric characters, etc.). In some embodiments, the single integrated transparent gemstone may be sapphire, diamond, or another gemstone. In some embodiments, the single integrated transparent gemstone may be a one-inch disk, a two-inch disk, a three-inch disk, or a four-inch disk.

[0096] The single integrated transparent gemstone may be inserted into a computing device that uses a reading component (e.g., sensor, camera, etc.) to read the information and the information may be processed using optical character recognition or other suitable techniques via a processing device of the computing device. The information may include a private key associated with a block on a blockchain, a public key associated with the block on the blockchain, and / or an address of the block on the blockchain. In some embodiments, the information may include text and / or an image that is etched internally within the single integrated transparent gemstone.

[0097] At block 704, the processing device may validate, via a network and the address, the public key and / or the private key are associated with at least the block on the blockchain. If the key(s) are validated, at block 706, the processing device may present an indication that the information is validated on a user interface of a computing device. If the key(s) are not validated, the processing device may present an indication that the information is not validated and prevent any further interaction with the block on the blockchain.

[0098] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a method 800 for projecting information obtained from a non-fungible token associated with a tangible token according to certain embodiments of thisdisclosure. The method 800 may be performed by processing logic that may include hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software, or a combination of both. The method 800 and / or each of their individual functions, subroutines, or operations may be performed by one or more processors of a computing device (e.g., any component of cloud-based computing system 108 and / or computing device 102 of FIG. 1) implementing the method 800. The method 800 may be implemented as computer instructions stored on a memory device and executable by the one or more processors. In certain implementations, the method 800 may be performed by a single processing thread. Alternatively, the method 800 may be performed by two or more processing threads, each thread implementing one or more individual functions, routines, subroutines, or operations of the methods.

[0099] At block 802, the processing device may read the information etched internally within the single integrated transparent gemstone. The information may include a private key associated with a block on a blockchain, a public key associated with the block on the blockchain, and / or an address of the block on the blockchain. In some embodiments, the information may include text and / or an image that is etched internally within the single integrated transparent gemstone.

[0100] At block 804, the processing device may access, via a network and using the information, a non-fungible token associated with the information on the blockchain. Any data included in transactions associated with the non-fungible token may be downloaded to the computing device including the processing device. For example, one or more images, text, audio, video, etc. may be downloaded to the computing device. In one embodiment, the data may include a digital model of a jew elry7design that is dow nloaded and projected on a surface (e.g., wall, floor, screen, etc.). In some embodiments, the image may include a patent design, artwork, a draw ing, text, any suitable image, etc. that may be downloaded and projected onto a surface and / or displayed in a user interface of the computing device 102.

[0101] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a method 900 for generating interest on a principle value associated with an indivisible block of cryptocurrency stored on a blockchain according to certain embodiments of this disclosure. The method 900 may be performed by processing logic that may include hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software, or a combination of both. The method 900 and / or each of their individual functions, subroutines, or operations may be performed by one or more processors of a computing device (e.g., any component of cloud-based computing system 108 and / or computing device 102 of FIG. 1) implementing the method 900. The method 900 may be implemented as computer instructions stored on a memory device and executable by the one or more processors. In certain implementations, the method 900 may be performed by a single processing thread. Alternatively, the method 900 may be performed by two or more processingthreads, each thread implementing one or more individual functions, routines, subroutines, or operations of the methods.

[0102] At block 902, the processing device may associate the information with an indivisible block of cryptocurrency stored on the blockchain. The indivisible block may represent a number of units of the cryptocurrency. Information may be etched and / or engraved internally within the tangible token. The information may include an identifier associated with the cryptocurrency. For example, for Bitcoin, the identifier may be the Bitcoin logo that is etched and / or engraved internally within the tangible token, as well other information including a private key and / or a public key to an NFT and / or cryptocurrency and / or an address of a block on a blockchain stored on several computing devices.

[0103] At block 904, the processing device may generate interest (e g., a monetary amount determined based on a percentage of the principle value) on the principle value of a number of units of the cryptocurrency represented by the indivisible block on the blockchain. The interest may be stored, at block 906. in an interest digital wallet separate from a principle digital wallet storing information pertaining to the principle value. In some embodiments, the indivisible block of cryptocurrency on the block may be registered to a first owner, and the processing device may transfer ownership of the indivisible block of cryptocurrency on the blockchain to a second owner To perform the transfer, the private key may be used and validated to ensure the first owner owns the indivisible block on the blockchain. Once verified, a transaction may be added to the indivisible block that indicates ownership has passed from the first owner to the second owner and the transaction may be stored in the ledger of the block and may include a timestamp of the transaction.

[0104] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a computer system 1000, which can perform any one or more of the methods described herein. In one example, computer system 1000 may include one or more components that correspond to the computing device 102 and / or one or more servers of the cloud-based computing system 108 of FIG. 1. The computer system 1000 may be connected (e.g., netw orked) to other computer systems in a LAN, an intranet, an extranet, or the Internet. The computer system 1000 may operate in the capacity of a server in a client-server network environment. The computer system 1000 may be a personal computer (PC), a tablet computer, a laptop, a wearable (e.g., wristband), a set-top box (STB), a personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a camera, a video camera, or any device capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that device. Further, while only a single computer system is illustrated, the term '’computer" shall also be taken to include any collection of computers that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methods discussed herein.

[0105] The computer system 1000 includes a processing device 1002, a main memory 1004 (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), solid-state drive (SSD), flash memory, dynamic-random access memory (DRAM) such as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)), a static memory 1006 (e.g., solid-state drive (SSD), flash memory, static random-access memory (SRAM)), and a data storage device 1008. which communicate with each other via a bus 1010.

[0106] Processing device 1002 represents one or more general-purpose processing devices such as a microprocessor, central processing unit, or the like. More particularly, the processing device 1002 may be a complex instruction set computing (CISC) microprocessor, reduced instruction set computing (RISC) microprocessor, very long instruction word (VLIW) microprocessor, or a processor implementing other instruction sets or processors implementing a combination of instruction sets. The processing device 1002 may also be one or more special-purpose processing devices such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a digital signal processor (DSP), network processor, or the like. The processing device 1002 is configured to execute instructions for performing any of the operations and steps of any of the methods discussed herein.

[0107] The computer system 1000 may further include a network interface device 1012. The computer system 1000 also may include a video display 1014 (e.g., a liquid cry stal display (LCD) or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), one or more input devices 1016 (e.g., a keyboard and / or a mouse), and one or more speakers 1018 (e.g.. a speaker). In one illustrative example, the video display 1014 and the input device(s) 1016 may be combined into a single component or device (e.g., an LCD touch screen).

[0108] The data storage device 1008 may include a computer-readable medium 1020 on which the instructions 1022 embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein are stored. The instructions 1022 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory' 1004 and / or within the processing device 1002 during execution thereof by the computer system 1000. As such, the main memory' 1004 and the processing device 1002 also constitute computer-readable media. The instructions 1022 may further be transmitted or received over a network 20 via the network interface device 1012.

[0109] While the computer-readable medium 1020 is shown in the illustrative examples to be a single medium, the term “computer-readable medium" should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g.. a centralized or distributed database, and / or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions. The term “computer-readable storage medium" shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the machine and that cause the machine to perform any one or moreof the methodologies of the present disclosure. The term "‘computer-readable storage medium" shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, optical media, and magnetic media.

[0110] FIG. 11 illustrates an example cryptocurrency tangible token 123-1 and an example NFT tangible token 123-2 according to embodiments of this disclosure. The cryptocurrency tangible token 123-1 includes associated with the cryptocurrency represented by the tangible token 123-1. For example, graphic 1104 includes “5 B” which stands for 5 BITCOIN that is represented by the tangible token 123-1. The graphic 1104 indicates that the cryptocurrency tangible token 123-1 represent a block of 5 BITCOIN stored on the blockchain at particular address of the blockchain. Also, etched or engraved or lasered on the cryptocurrency tangible token 123-1 is a line 1100 that is not visible to the naked eye, in some embodiments. The line 1100 represents a private key associated with the cryptocurrency on the blockchain, a public key associated with the cryptocurrency on the blockchain, an address associated with the cryptocurrency on the blockchain, any other suitable information. The information represented by the line 1100 may be read with a magnifying glass, microscope, or similar enlarging device, and thus, is human-readable in some embodiments. Further, the information represented by the line 1100 may be read by the reading component 104 of the computing device 102, and thus, is machine-readable in some embodiments. The line 1100 may be visible through the transparent gemstone that forms the tangible token 123-1. The information may be digitized again by using a digital scanner with a high precision (e.g., above 20,000 dots per inch).[OHl] The NFT tangible token 123-2 includes associated with the cryptocurrency represented by the tangible token 123-2. For example, graphic 1106 includes “NFT’" which may be a title associated with the NFT or a brand of the NFT. Further, the graphic 1106 includes a portrait of cars and a user. Any suitable image may be etched onto the NFT tangible token 123-2. In some embodiments, multiple images may be etched onto the tangible token 123-2. In some embodiments, the graphic 1106 is stored on the blockchain with the NFT at a particular address of the blockchain. Also, etched or engraved or lasered on the cryptocurrency tangible token 123-2 is a line 1102 that is not visible to the naked eye, in some embodiments. The line 1102 represents a private key associated with the NFT on the blockchain, a public key associated with the NFT on the blockchain, an address associated with the NFT on the blockchain, any other suitable information. The information represented by the line 1102 may be read with a magnifying glass, microscope, or the like, and thus, is human-readable in some embodiments. Further, the information represented by the line 1102 may be read by the reading component 104 of thecomputing device 102. and thus, is machine-readable in some embodiments. The line 1102 may be visible through the transparent gemstone that forms the tangible token 123-1.

[0112] Turning to FIG. 12, an example of a piece of medical equipment used to gather data on a human body is depicted. As illustrated, medical equipment 1202 includes tangible token 1205, and sub-component 1203. which includes tangible token 1206. It is noted that although the following description makes reference to a human body, in other embodiments, other organisms, e.g., dogs, cats, horses, etc., are possible and contemplated.

[0113] In various embodiments, medical equipment 1202 is configured to gather data relating to human body 1201. Such data may include measurements of characteristics of human body 1201. For example, medical equipment 1202 may be configured to measure temperature, blood pressure, weight, or any other suitable characteristic of human body 1201.

[0114] In other embodiments, medical equipment 1202 may be configured to generate an image of all or a portion of human body 1201. Such an image may be generated using x-rays, visible light, ultraviolet light, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) scans, or any other suitable type of imaging technology.

[0115] Certain information regarding medical equipment 1202 and sub-component 1203 may be retrieved using information included in tangible tokens 1205 and 1206. As described elsewhere in this disclosure, tangible tokens 1205 and 1206 may be internally etched with information pertaining to an identification code, e g., a Unique Device Identifier (UDI), or other suitable identification information. Such information may be internally etched into tangible tokens 1205 and 1206 as plain text. Alternatively, or additionally, information may be internally etched into tangible tokens 1205 and 1206 as two-dimensional bar codes.

[0116] As described below, the authenticity of either of tangible tokens 1205 and 1206 can be verified by performing one or more tests. Once the authenticity of tangible tokens 1205 and 1206 has been verified, information included in tangible tokens 1205 and 1206 can be retrieved using a microscope or other suitable mechanism. In cases where the information is internally etched as a two-dimensional bar code, a processor, or other suitable device, may be employed to decode the two-dimensional bar code to retrieve the encoded information. When the information is internally etched into the tangible token as plain text, a processor, or other suitable device, may be employed to perform character recognition to create a computer-readable version of the information.

[0117] Using the information retrieved from tangible tokens 1205 and 1206, respective blockchains may be accessed. In various embodiments, non-fungible tokens included in therespective blockchains may be retrieved. In some embodiments, information relating to maintenance logs, calibration data, and the like, may be encoded in the non-fungible tokens.

[0118] Turning to FIG. 13, an example of an implantable medical device is depicted. As illustrated, medical device 1302 is implanted in human body 1301. It is noted that although the following description makes reference to a human body, in other embodiments, medical device1302 may be implanted in other organisms, e.g.. dogs. cats, horses, etc. As used herein, an implantable medical device refers to a man-made device configured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance the function or operation of an existing biological structure. Such implants may be manufactured using titanium, silicone, apatite, or any other suitable biomedical material.

[0119] In various embodiments, medical device 1302 may be an orthopedic implant configured to replace a missing joint or to support a damaged bone. For example, medical device 1302 may be a Luque rod for fixation of the spine, an Austin-Moore prosthesis to support a fracture of the neck, an Insall Burstein prosthesis to replace a knee, or any other suitable orthopedic implant.

[0120] In some cases, medical device 1302 may include electronics such as pacemakers and cochlear implants. In other embodiments, medical device 1302 may be a bioactive device configured to provide drugs to the body using implantable pills or drug-eluting stents.

[0121] Medical device 1302 may be implanted into human body 1301 via a surgical procedure. To ensure the authenticity of medical device 1302, tangible token 1303 is affixed to medical device 1302. In various embodiments, tangible token 1303 may be implemented using a transparent gemstone such as tangible token 123 described above. It is noted that the material used to create a transparent gemstone, for use with an implantable medical device, is bio-inert.

[0122] As described below, prior to the implantation of medical device 1302, tangible token1303 may be tested to verify its authenticity. In response to a determination that tangible token 1303 is authentic, information may be retrieved from tangible token 1303. In various embodiments, the retrieved information may include a Unique Device Identification ("UDI") number as defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") that can include data indicative of a device identifier and a product identifier which may include lot or batch number, serial number, expiration date, manufacture date, and the like. Such a UDI may be internally etched into tangible token 1303 in plain-text, or may be encoded using a two-dimensional bar code, or any other suitable format. It is noted that, in some embodiments, the UDI may be etched onto a surface of tangible token 1303 as opposed to internally etching it into tangible token 1303. To satisfy FDA regulations, the UDI may be visible to the naked eye. In some embodiments, duplicate UDI information may also be encoded using multiple microscopic dots internally etched intotangible token 1303. In some cases, the multiple microscopic dots may be encoded using Morse code, Braille writing, or any other suitable encoding method.

[0123] Alternatively, or additionally, the information retrieved from tangible token 1303 may include at least a private key associated with a blockchain. In various embodiments, the blockchain may include additional information regarding medical device 1302, such as a software / firmware version for medical devices that include processors, microcontrollers, and the like.

[0124] The information retrieved directly from tangible token 1303 and, in some cases, information retrieved for an associated blockchain, may be entered into a surgical record for the implantation of medical device 1302. Once medical device 1302 has been surgically implanted into human body 1301. additional steps may be performed, as described below, to partially verify the authenticity of tangible token 1303 while implanted in human body 1301.

[0125] An example of a wearable medical device is depicted in FIG. 14. As illustrated, medical device 1402 is attached to human body 1401 via a belt, strap, or other suitable mechanism. It is noted that although the following description makes reference to a human body, in other embodiments, medical device 1402 may be implanted in other organisms, e.g., dogs, cats, horses, etc.

[0126] In various embodiments, medical device 1402 is configured to gather data regarding one or more characteristics of human body 1401. For example, medical device 1402 may be configured to measure heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation of the blood, body temperature, and the like. In some cases, medical device 1402 may be configured to transmit gathered data to a server for review by a physician.

[0127] As illustrated, tangible token 1403 is affixed to medical device 1402. In various embodiments, tangible token 1403 may be implemented using a transparent gemstone such as tangible token 123 described above.

[0128] As described below, tangible token 1403 may be tested to verify its authenticity. In response to a determination that tangible token 1403 is authentic, information may be retrieved from tangible token 1403. In various embodiments, the retrieved information may include a UDI as well as a private key associated with a blockchain. In various embodiments, the blockchain may include additional information regarding medical device 1402, such as a software / firmware version for medical devices that include processors, microcontrollers, and the like.

[0129] Turning to FIG. 15, an example of an implantable hearing assistance device that includes a tangible token is depicted. As illustrated, implantable hearing device 1503 is implanted in a human body near ear 1501. In various embodiments, implantable hearing device 1503 is coupled to external hearing device 1502 via either a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments,the wired or wireless connection can transfer data to / from implantable hearing device 1503 and external heaving device 1502. In other embodiments, power can be provided to implantable hearing device 1503 by external hearing device 1502 via the wired or wireless connection.

[0130] As illustrated, external hearing device 1502 includes processor 1504. In various embodiments, processor 1504 may be implemented using one or more processor cores, a microcontroller, or any other suitable processor circuit configured to execute software or program instructions. Processor 1504 may be configured to perform digital signal processing (DSP) on received audio data to generate signals which are transmitted to implantable hearing device 1503 to improve a patient’s hearing.

[0131] Tangible token 1505 is affixed to implantable hearing device 1503, while tangible token 1506 is affixed to external hearing device 1502. In various embodiments, tangible tokens 1505 and 1506 may be implemented in a fashion similar to tangible token 123, each with its own internally etched information, such as a UDI and the like. In the case of tangible token 1506, additional information, such as a private key pertaining to a blockchain, may also be internally etched into tangible token 1506. In various embodiments, the additional information may be used to access the blockchain to retrieve data from the blockchain related to processor 1504. For example, the additional information may be used to retrieve data regarding the manufacture date of processor 1504, the architecture version of processor 1504, history of firmware or softw are updates used byprocessor 1504, and the like.

[0132] Although the example illustrated in FIG. 15 is directed towards improving hearing for a patient, in other embodiments a similar combination of internal and external medical devices with affixed tangible tokens may be used to assist with vision of a patient, regulation of heart rate, or any other suitable application.

[0133] Turning to FIG. 16, an example of a tester used to verify authenticity of a tangible token is depicted. As illustrated, tester 1602 is configured to perform one or more tests on tangible token 1608 which is affixed to medical device 1601. In various embodiments, medical device 1601 maybe an implantable medical device or a wearable medical device, and tangible token 1608 may be implemented using a transparent gemstone such as tangible token 123 described above. It is noted that tester 1602 may be used to test the authenticity of a tangible token attached to a piece of medical equipment.

[0134] As described below, tester 1602 may be configured to perform a variety of tests. In some embodiments, tester 1602 may include probe 1603 which is configured to gather data in support of one or more of the tests that can be performed by tester 1602. In some cases, probe 1603 may include light and / or radiation sources in addition to motion transducers and thermal sensors.

[0135] In response to a determination that results from the one or more tests are positive, tester 1602 is configured to generate indication 1604, signaling tangible token 1608 is authentic. In some embodiments, tester 1602 may be further configured to generate image or photograph 1605 of tangible token 1608. In some embodiments, image or photograph 1605 may be encoded with date / time information 1606 and / or geolocation information 1607. Alternatively, or additionally, image or photograph 1605 may be encoded with results from the one or more tests.

[0136] It is noted that the form factor of tester 1602 is merely an example. Different form factors are possible and contemplated. In other embodiments, tester 1602 may include multiple different probes. Tester 1602 may, in some cases, be handheld.

[0137] An example of a system used to retrieve information from a tangible token is depicted in FIG. 17. Such a system may be used in a hospital operating room or other sterilized room to gather information from a medical device with an affixed tangible token after the authenticity of the tangible token has been verified and before the medical device is surgically implanted.

[0138] As illustrated, the system includes microscope 1702 which is connected to computer 1703. In vanous embodiments, microscope 1702 is configured to image internally etched features included in tangible token 1705, which is affixed to medical device 1701. Such features can include a UDI, along with a two-dimensional bar code that encodes information pertaining to a blockchain.

[0139] In various embodiments, microscope 1702 is configured to generate data 1704 which is indicative of the information read from tangible token 1705. In different embodiments, microscope 1702 may be configured to transmit data 1704 to computer 1703 via either a wired or wireless connection. Computer 1703 is configured to receive data 1704 and access the blockchain via network 112 to retrieve additional information regarding medical device 1701. In some embodiments, computer 1703 is further configured to display data 1704 as well as the additional information from the blockchain, on a display and enter data 1704 and the additional information from the blockchain into a surgical record.

[0140] As mentioned above, tester 1602 is configured to perform multiple tests to determine the authenticity of tangible token, such as tangible token 123. Some of the tests are directed to determining that the material from which a tangible token is constructed is the proper material, while other tests are directed to how the information is etched into the tangible token.

[0141] As described above, in an authentic tangible token, information is internally etched in the tangible token. By checking the smoothness of a tangible token, it can be determined if any etching of information was performed on the surface of the tangible token indicating that it may be counterfeit. An example of a test device used to check the smoothness of a surface of a tangible token is depicted in FIG. 18.

[0142] As illustrated, stylus 1802 is drug across the surface of tangible token 123. In various embodiments, stylus 1802 may be drug across the surface of tangible token 123 in a location corresponding to where etched information is visible. Stylus 1802 may be implemented using any suitable material, e.g., metal, such that it will not etch the surface tangible token 123.

[0143] Stylus 1802 is coupled to transducer 1803, which is configured to convert changes in the position of stylus 1802 that are orthogonal to the direction of motion into data 1805. Data 1805 is processed by processor 1804 to determine a range of motion of stylus 1802 orthogonal to the direction of motion of stylus 1802. Processor 1804 is further configured to compare the magnitude of the range of motion of stylus 1802 to a threshold value. In various embodiments, processor 1804 is also configured to generate an indication indicative that tangible token 123 passes the test in response to a determination that the range of motion of stylus 1802 is less than the threshold value. In various embodiments, the determination that the range of motion of sty lus 1802 is less than the threshold value is indicative that the surface of tangible token 123 has not been etched on the surface and that any visible etching is likely to be internal to tangible token 123.

[0144] Another way to determine the authenticity' of the material of a tangible token involves observing the thermal properties of the tangible token. An example of a system for checking the thermal properties of a tangible token is depicted in FIG. 19.

[0145] Thermal probe 1902 is configured to pre-heat to a particular temperature. Once thermal probe 1902 has been pre-heated, it is brought into physical contact with tangible token 123. As thermal probe 1902 comes into physical contact with tangible token 123, heat stored in thermal probe 1902 transfers to tangible token 123, thereby cooling thermal probe 1902.

[0146] The rate at which heat transfers from thermal probe 1902 to tangible token 123 depends on the thermal properties of tangible token 123 and, therefore, the material used to manufacture tangible token 123. As thermal probe 1902 cools, the temperature of thermal probe 1902 is monitored by thermometer 1903, which is configured to generate data 1905, which is indicative of the temperature of thermal probe 1902. In various embodiments, data 1905 may include a sequence of digital words of data, each including multiple bits.

[0147] Processor 1904 is configured to receive data 1905 and compare the variation in data 1905 over time to previously determined data for different types of materials. In various embodiments, processor 1904 is configured to generate an indication that tangible token 123 passes the test in response to a determination that the decrease in the temperature of thermal probe 1902 as measured by thermometer 1903 matches the previously determined data for the target material for tangible token 123. In cases where the decrease in the temperature of thermal probe 1902 is not as expected.processor 1904 may be further configured to indicate that the material from which tangible token 123 is made is not an allowed type of material and may, therefore, be a counterfeit.

[0148] As mentioned above, imperfections in the surface of a tangible token could be an indication of information being etched on the surface of the tangible token as opposed to being internally etched in the tangible token. An example of a system for detecting imperfections in the surface of a tangible token is depicted in FIG. 20.

[0149] As illustrated, light source 2001 is configured to project light onto tangible token 123 resulting in reflections 2005 and 2006. It is noted that the wavelength of light source 2001 may be adjusted based on a size of imperfection to be detected.

[0150] In regions of tangible token 123 that are substantially free of imperfections, reflection 2005 will reflect from the surface of tangible token 123 according to Snell’s law. When light from light source 2001 reflects from imperfection 2007 in the surface of tangible token 123, the angle at which reflection 2006 leaves the surface of tangible token 123 is not the same as reflection 2005.

[0151] Camera 2002 is configured to generate data 2004 based on an intensity of light reflected from tangible token 123. In various embodiments, camera 2002 may be positioned to capture as much reflected light as possible from the surface of tangible token 123 assuming a substantially imperfection free surface. When a tangible token includes surface imperfections, possibly the result of etching information into the surface of the tangible token, the intensity of reflected light captured by camera 2002 will decrease. In general, the larger the number of imperfections, the more scattering of the reflected light will occur, and the lower the intensity of light captured by camera 2002.

[0152] Processor 2003 is configured to compare data 2004, which corresponds to an intensity of reflected light captured by camera 2002, with a threshold value. In various embodiments, the threshold value corresponds to an intensity of reflected light of a tangible token with few surface imperfections. In response to a determination that data 2004 is less than the threshold value, processor 2003 is configured to generate an indication that the tangible token currently being tested fails the test. In various embodiments, such an indication may warrant additional testing of the tangible token to further determine if the tangible token is counterfeit.

[0153] Different materials may fluoresce in response to exposure to different radiation sources in a process referred to as “radio luminescence.’' By exposing a transparent gemstone of a tangible token to a radiation source and observing any resulting fluorescence, it may be possible to detect a counterfeit gemstone made from a material other than diamond. An example of a test device used to check fluorescence of a tangible token is depicted in FIG. 21.

[0154] Radiation source 2101 is configured to emit one or more ty pes of electromagnetic radiation. For example, radiation source 2101 may, in various embodiments, be configured to emit ultraviolet light, x-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles, or any other suitable type of radiation.

[0155] Detector 2102 is configured to detect emissions 2105 and 2106, and generate data 2104 based on a magnitude of emissions 2105 and 2106. In some cases, detector 2102 may be implemented using a digital camera, or any other suitable device configured to image light in the visible spectrum. Detector 2102 may, in other embodiments, be configured to collect emissions over a period of time, and generate data 2104 based on an integrated value of emissions collected over the period of time. In various embodiments, emissions 2105 and 2106 may be a result of an excitement of electrons in atoms included in tangible token 123 resulting from the radiation emitted from radiation source 2101. In some embodiments, emissions 2105 and 2106 may be in the visible spectrum.

[0156] Processor 2103 is configured to receive data 2104 from detector 2102. In some embodiments, processor 2103 may be configured to perform a comparison operation of data 2104 to a threshold value, and generate an indication that tangible token 123 passes the test in response to a determination that a value of data 2104 exceeds the threshold value. It is noted that different threshold values may be used based on different types of radiation emitted by radiation source 2101. In some embodiments, a fluorescence test may include the sequential use of multiple types of radiation, and comparing corresponding data to respective threshold values.

[0157] As described above, counterfeit tangible tokens may include information etched on a surface of a gemstone as opposed to being internally etched into the gemstone. Detecting the depth of the etched information can, in some cases, be used to determine authenticity of a tangible token. An example of a test device used to check a depth of etched features in a tangible token is depicted in FIG. 22.

[0158] As an aide in determining a depth of the etched information 2201, tangible token 123 may be lapped or bruted, to generate an opaque region 2202 on the bottom of tangible token 123. Opaque layer 2202 may, in some bases, allow for easy focus on etched information 2201 by cameras 2203 and 2204.

[0159] Cameras 2203 and 2204 are configured to focus on etched information 2201. In various embodiments, camera 2203 is positioned orthogonal to a top surface of tangible token 123, while camera 2204 is mounted at angle 2206 relative to camera 2203. Cameras 2203 and 2204 are configured to generate respective focal length information for etched information 2201. and generate data 2207 and 2208 using the respective focal length information. In variousembodiments, data 2207 and data 2208 may include respective sets of bits that encode corresponding focal length information.

[0160] Processor 2205 is configured to calculate a depth of etched information 2201 relative to the surface of tangible token 123 using data 2207, data 2208, a value of angle 2206, and respective distances from cameras 2203 and 2204 to the surface of tangible token 123. In various embodiments, processor 2205 is configured to compare the calculated depth to a threshold value, and generate an indication that tangible token 123 passes the test based on a determination that the calculated depth exceeds the threshold value.

[0161] Although two cameras are depicted in the embodiment of FIG. 22, in other embodiments additional cameras may be employed. In some cases, the additional cameras may be placed at different respective angles to camera 2203.

[0162] Turning to FIG. 23, a flow diagram depicting an embodiment of a method for authenticating an implantable medical device that includes a tangible token is illustrated. The method, which may be used with a variety of medical devices, begins in block 2300.

[0163] The method includes receiving a medical device to be implanted in a human body during a surgical procedure (block 2301). In various embodiments, the medical device includes a transparent gemstone that is internally etched with first information pertaining to an identification code. In some embodiments, the identification code may comprise a UDI code. In other embodiments, the first information may also include a key associated with a blockchain. In some embodiments, the first information may be included in a two-dimensional bar code internally etched into the transparent gemstone.

[0164] The method further includes verifying the authenticity of the transparent gemstone (block 2302). In some embodiments, verifying the authenticity of the transparent gemstone may include performing one or more tests, and determining, based on results of the one or more tests, the authenticity of the transparent gemstone. In some embodiments, verifying the authenticity of the transparent gemstone may be performed outside of a sterile environment, such as an operating room or theater.

[0165] The method also includes retrieving the first information from the transparent gemstone (block 2303). In various embodiments, retrieving the first information from the transparent gemstone includes imaging a portion of the transparent gemstone that contains internal etching. In cases where the first information also includes a key associated with a blockchain, the method may additionally include accessing the blockchain via a network and retrieving second information from the blockchain. In various embodiments, the second information may include a package code to check against packaging for the medical device.

[0166] The method further includes entering the identification code into a surgical record (block 2304). In various embodiments, the method may also include entering the second information into the surgical record. The method ends at block 2305.

[0167] As described above, verifying the authenticity of the transparent gemstone or tangible token includes performing one or more tests on the transparent gemstone. A flow diagram depicting an embodiment of a method for performing tests on the transparent gemstone is illustrated in FIG. 24. The method, which may be applied to various testers, such as tester 1602, begins in block 2400.

[0168] The method includes checking the smoothness of the transparent gemstone (block 2401). In various embodiments, checking the smoothness of the transparent gemstone includes sliding a stylus across a surface of the transparent gemstone and converting the motion of the stylus that is orthogonal to the direction in which the stylus is being slid into an electrical signal. In some embodiments, the electrical signal is converted into a sequence of words of bits and transmitted to a processor or other suitable processing circuit. The method may further include checking respective values of the sequence of words to a threshold value. In some cases, a number of words that exceeds the first threshold value may be tracked. The method may also include indicating the transparent gemstone passes the test in response to determining that the number of words that exceeds the first threshold value is less than a second threshold value. It is noted that the first and second threshold values may be programmable based on whether the transparent gemstone is a natural diamond or a synthetic diamond.

[0169] The method also includes checking the heat conduction of the transparent gemstone (block 2402). In various embodiments, checking the heat conduction of the transparent gemstone includes pre-heating a temperature probe to a know n temperature. The method may further include placing the temperature probe in contact with the transparent gemstone and monitoring a change in temperature of the temperature probe over time. In some embodiments, the method includes generating, by the temperature probe, a sequence of w ords of bits, where respective values of the bits included in a given word correspond to the temperature of the temperature probe at a corresponding point in time. The method may also include comparing, by a processor, the sequence of words to predetermined temperature data, and indicating the transparent gemstone passes the test in response to determining that the sequence of w ords matches the predetermined temperature data. In some cases, different predetermined temperature data may be employed when testing natural versus man-made diamonds.

[0170] The method further includes checking an amount of scattered light from the surface of the transparent gemstone (block 2403). In various embodiments, checking the amount of scatteredlight from the surface of the transparent gemstone includes projecting light onto the surface of the transparent gemstone, and imaging an intensity of reflected light from the surface of the transparent gemstone. The method may also include converting the intensity of reflected light into digital data that can be processed by a processor executing software or program instructions. In some embodiments, the method includes comparing the digital data to a threshold value, and indicating that the transparent gemstone passes the test in response to determining that the digital data exceeds the threshold value. It is noted that different threshold values may be used for different materials.

[0171] The method also includes checking the radioflouresence of the transparent gemstone (block 2404). In various embodiments, checking the radiofloursence of the transparent gemstone includes projecting a particular type of radiation onto the transparent gemstone, and imaging emissions from the transparent gemstone. In some embodiments, the type of radiation may include ultraviolet light, x-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles, and the like. The method may, in various embodiments, include converting the imaged emissions into digital data, and comparing, by a processor, the digital data to a threshold value. In some embodiments, the method may include indicating the transparent gemstone has passed the test in response to determining that the digital data exceeds the threshold value.

[0172] The method further includes checking a depth of the internally etched first information in the transparent gemstone (block 2405). In various embodiments, checking the depth of the internally etched first information may include focusing, by a first camera, on the first information, and focusing, by a second camera, on the first information, where the second camera is placed at a known angle from the first camera. The method may further include generating, by the first camera, first focus data, and generating, by the second camera, second focus data. The method may also include calculating, by a processor, the depth of the internally etched first information in the transparent gemstone using the first focus data, the second focus data, the known angle, and respective distances of the first camera and the second camera to the transparent gemstone. In some embodiments, the method may also include generating an indication that the transparent gemstone passes the test in response to determining that the calculated distance exceeds a threshold value.

[0173] Although the embodiment depicted in FIG. 24 includes five tests, in other embodiments, any suitable number of tests may be employed. Additionally, the tests may be performed in a hierarchical fashion such that a failure of a particular test may cause tester 1602 to abort further testing. The method concludes in block 2406.

[0174] Turning to FIG. 25, a flow diagram depicting an embodiment of a method for retrieving data regarding a medical device using information internally etched into a tangible token includedin the medical device is illustrated. It is noted that the method depicted in FIG. 25 may be performed by one or more processors executing program or software instructions stored on a tangible computer-readable storage medium. The method, which may correspond to block 2303 of FIG. 23, begins in block 2500.

[0175] The method includes receiving data indicative of first information internally etched in a tangible token (block 2501). In various embodiments, the data may comprise digital data encoding a UDI and / or a private key pertaining to a blockchain.

[0176] The method also includes determining an identification code using the first information (block 2502). In various embodiments, the digital data may include image data, wherein determining the identification code may include performing character recognition on the digital data. In other embodiments, determining the identification code may include decoding a two- dimensional bar code.

[0177] The method further includes accessing a blockchain using at least part of the identification code (block 2503). In various embodiments, accessing the blockchain may include extracting key information from the identification code, and transmitting the key information via a computer network.

[0178] The method also include retrieving second information from the blockchain (block 2504). In some embodiments, retrieving the second information from the blockchain may include retrieving one or more NFTs from the blockchain, and extracting the second information from the one or more NFTs. In some embodiments, the second information may include additional information regarding the manufacture of the medical device including but not limited to versions of software / firmware used by the medical device.

[0179] The method further includes adding the first and second information to a surgical record (block 2505). The method concludes in block 2506.

[0180] In some cases, it may be desirable to authenticate a previously implanted medical device. In some cases, such an implanted medical device may include a counterfeit gemstone, so merely checking for the presence of a gemstone on the implanted medical device may be inadequate, and a more sophisticated approach may be employed. A flow diagram depicting an embodiment of a method for authenticating a previously implanted medical device that includes a tangible token is depicted in FIG. 26. The method, which may be applied to various implantable medical devices such as medical device 1302, begins in block 2600.

[0181] The method includes imaging at least a portion of a human body that includes an implanted medical device that includes a transparent gemstone to generate an image (block 2601). In various embodiments, the transparent gemstone may be internally etched with informationpertaining to an identification code. It is noted that while the embodiment of the method described in FIG. 26 refers to human bodies, in other embodiments, the medical device may be implanted in other animals such as dogs, cats, and the like.

[0182] Imaging the portion of the human body may, in various embodiments, be performed using different imaging techniques. For example, imaging the portion of the human body may include using x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a computed tomography (CT) scan, or any other suitable type of imaging techniques. In some embodiments, a combination of imaging techniques may be employed.

[0183] The method further includes determining a density of the transparent gemstone using the image (block 2602). In various embodiments, determining the density of the transparent gemstone using the image may include comparing the image to multiple images of other transparent gemstones, as well as other materials (e.g., glass). In other embodiments, a computer program, possibly including an Al-based algorithm, may be used to make the comparison.

[0184] The method also includes determining a size of the transparent gemstone using the image (block 2603). In various embodiments, determining the size may include directly measuring the image. Alternatively, or additionally, various image processing algorithms may be employed to correct for different orientations of the gemstone, depth of field issues, and the like.

[0185] The method further includes verifying authenticity of the transparent gemstone using the density and size (block 2604). In various embodiments, verifying the authenticity of the transparent gemstone may include comparing the determined density to densities of other materials, thereby ruling out a counterfeit gemstone from a material other than diamond. Alternatively, or additionally, the determined size may be compared against a database of sizes of gemstones known to be authentic. Gemstones whose sizes do not match the database may be considered counterfeit.

[0186] In cases where the determined size and density do not yield conclusive results, the method may also include performing an endoscopy procedure to examine the gemstone affixed to the implanted medical device. In such cases, the method may also verify that the gemstone has internally etched information and, if the information is present, reading the information as previously described. The method concludes in block 2605.

[0187] Being able to verify the authenticity of medical devices can, in some cases, reduce the likelihood of counterfeit medical devices and equipment being used to treat patients. Such authentication information may be used as part of issuing insurance policies that cover medical device counterfeiting. A flow diagram depicting an embodiment of a method for issuing such insurance policies is depicted in FIG. 27. The method, which may be applied to implanted medicaldevices, as well as wearable medical devices and pieces of medical equipment, begins in block 2700.

[0188] The method includes receiving a medical device to be implanted in a human body during a surgical procedure (block 2701). In various embodiments, the medical device includes a transparent gemstone that is internally etched with first information pertaining to an identification code. In various embodiments, the information may also include a private key pertaining to a blockchain.

[0189] The method further includes verifying the authenticity of the transparent gemstone (block 2702). As described above, verifying the authenticity of the transparent gemstone may include performing one or more tests, and determining the authenticity of the transparent gemstone based on results of the one or more tests.

[0190] The method also includes retrieving the first information from the transparent gemstone (block 2703). In various embodiments, retrieving the first information from the transparent gemstone may include generating an image of the internal etchings and processing the image to perform decoding of a two-dimensional bar code, or to perform alpha-numeric character recognition to generate digital data indicative of the identification code. In some cases, the method may also include checking the identification code against a database of know n good identification codes.

[0191] The method further includes authorizing an insurance policy covering the case where the medical device may be a counterfeit, in response to determining that the transparent gemstone is authentic and using the identification code (block 2704). In various embodiments, the insurance policy may be purchased by a hospital where the surgical procedure is being performed, or by the manufacturer of the medical device. In some cases, the insurance policy may be used to cover legal costs should a lawsuit be filed asserting the medical device is a counterfeit. In various embodiments, the insurance policy would have a monetary cap. The method concludes in block 2705.

[0192] In addition to authenticating implantable and wearable medical devices, in some cases it may be desirable to authenticate medical equipment as well to guard against counterfeit medical equipment. A flow diagram depicting an embodiment of method for authenticating a piece of medical equipment is illustrated in FIG. 28. The method, which may be applied to various pieces of medical equipment, begins in block 2800.

[0193] The method includes receiving a piece of medical equipment that includes a transparent gemstone that is internally etched with information pertaining to a blockchain (block 2801). In various embodiments, the information may include at least a private key. In some embodiments,the information may also include an identification code that includes information indicative of the manufacturer, date of manufacture, and the like.

[0194] The method further includes verifying the authenticity of the transparent gemstone (block 2802). In some embodiments, verifying the authenticity of the transparent gemstone can include one or more of the steps described in regard to FIG. 24.

[0195] The method also includes retrieving the information from the transparent gemstone (block 2803). In various embodiments, retrieving the information may be in response to determining the transparent gemstone is authentic based on results of the tests performed, and may include imaging the internally etched structures. The method may include converting the image to digital data and decoding the digital data to extract the private key.

[0196] The method further includes accessing the blockchain using the information (block 2804). In various embodiments, accessing the blockchain using the information may include accessing the blockchain using the private key. The method may also include accessing one or more NFTs included in the blockchain. In various embodiments, the NFTs may include data indicative of calibration data of the piece of medical equipment, a maintenance log of the piece of medical equipment, version information for software / firmware employed by the piece of medical equipment, and the like. The method concludes in block 2805.

[0197] The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the described embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It should be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.

[0198] The above discussion is meant to be illustrative of the principles and various embodiments of the present disclosure. Numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications.

Claims

CLAIMSWHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A method, comprising: receiving a medical device to be implanted in a human body during a surgical procedure, wherein the medical device includes a transparent gemstone that is internally etched with first information pertaining to an identification code; verifying an authenticity of the of the transparent gemstone; retrieving the first information from the transparent gemstone in response to determining the transparent gemstone is authentic; and entering the identification code in a surgical record.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the identification code comprises a Unique Device Identifier (UDI).

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the transparent gemstone is also internally etched with second information that includes at least a private key pertaining to a blockchain.

4. The method of claim 3. wherein the method further includes: accessing the blockchain using the private key; retrieving data from the blockchain regarding the medical device; and entering the data into the surgical record.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein verifying the authenticity of the transparent gemstone includes: performing one or more tests on the transparent gemstone; and determining the authenticity of the transparent gemstone based on respective results of the one or more tests.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein performing the one or more tests includes checking the smoothness of the transparent gemstone.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein performing the one or more tests includes checking a depth of the first information.

8. An apparatus, comprising: a tester configured to: perform one or more tests on a transparent gemstone that is internally etched with first information pertaining to an identification code, wherein the transparent gemstone is affixed to a medical device; and verify an authenticity of the transparent gemstone using respective results of the one or more tests.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the tester includes a stylus, and wherein to perform the one or more tests, the tester is further configured to: move the stylus across the surface of the transparent gemstone in a given direction and measure a variation in the position of the stylus in a direction orthogonal to the given direction; and determine a test result using the variation in position of the stylus.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the test includes a thermal probe, and wherein to perform the one or more tests, the tester is further configured to: pre-heat the thermal probe to a given temperature; place the thermal probe in contact with the transparent gemstone; monitor a change in a temperature of the thermal probe; and determine a test result based on the change in the temperature of the thermal probe.

11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the tester includes a radiation source, and wherein to perform the one or more tests, the tester is further configured to: expose the transparent gemstone to the radiation source; image, over a period of time, emissions from the transparent gemstone; and determine a test result using data indicative of the emissions from the transparent gemstone.

12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the tester includes a light source, and wherein to perform the one or more tests, the tester is further configured to: expose the transparent gemstone to the light source; measure an intensity of reflected light from the gemstone; and determine a test result using the intensity of the reflected light.

13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the tester includes a plurality of cameras, wherein a first camera of the plurality of cameras is oriented orthogonally to the transparent gemstone and is configured to determine a first focal length to the first information, wherein a second camera of the plurality of cameras is oriented at a given angle relative to the first camera and is configured to determine a second focal length to the first information, and wherein to perform the one or more tests, the tester is further configured to: determine a depth of the first information from the surface of the transparent gemstone using the first focal length, the second focal length, and the given angle; and determine a test result using the depth of the first information.

14. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the tester is further configured to generate an image of the transparent gemstone, wherein the image is encoded with at least date and time information.

15. A method, comprising: receiving, by a processor, first data indicative of first information internally etched in a transparent gemstone affixed to a medical device, wherein the first information includes at least an identification code; determining the identification code using the first information; accessing, by the processor, a blockchain using at least part of the identification code; retrieving, by the processor, second information from the blockchain; and adding, by the processor, the identification code and the second information to a surgical record associated with a surgical procedure to implant the medical device in a human body.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first data includes image data corresponding to the first information, and wherein determining the identification code includes performing, by the processor, character recognition using the image data.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein determining the identification code further includes decoding, by the processor, a two-dimensional bar code.

18. The method of claim 15. wherein accessing the blockchain includes extracting key information from the identification code, and transmitting the key information to the blockchain via a computer network.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein the blockchain includes one or more non-fungible tokens, and wherein retrieving the second information from the blockchain includes retrieving at least one non-fungible token from the blockchain.

20. The method of claim 19. wherein the at least one non-fungible token includes second data indicative of at least a software version used by the medical device.

21. The method of claim 15, wherein the first information is encapsulated within a perimeter of the transparent gemstone such that the information does not extend beyond the perimeter.

22. The method of claim 15, further comprising, verifying an authenticity of the transparent gemstone prior to receiving the first data.

23. A method, comprising: imagining a medical device implanted in a human body, wherein the medical device includes a transparent gemstone, wherein the transparent gemstone is internally etched with information pertaining to a blockchain, and the information comprises at least a private key, and wherein the information is encapsulated within a perimeter of the transparent gemstone such that the information does not extend beyond the perimeter; and verifying authenticity of the medical device using a result of the imagining.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein imaging the medical device includes generating an x-ray image of the medical device and the transparent gemstone, and wherein verifying the authenticity of the medical device includes: determining a first size and a first density7of the transparent gemstone using the x-ray image; and comparing the first size and the first density to a second size and a second density, respectively, of the transparent gemstone determined prior to implanting the medical device in the human body.

25. The method of claim 23, further comprising: authenticating the implantable medical device prior to insertion into the human body; and inserting the implantable medical device into the human body.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein the blockchain includes a non-fungible token that includes second information indicative of a serial number of the implantable medical device.

26. The method of claim 23, wherein the blockchain includes a non-fungible token that includes second information indicative of a manufacturer of the implantable medical device.

27. The method of claim 23, wherein the implantable medical device includes a cochlear implant configured to receive data from a processing device external to the human body.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the blockchain includes a non-fungible token that includes second information indicative of a version of firmware used by the processing device.

29. The method of claim 27, wherein the blockchain includes a non-fungible token that includes second information indicative of a history of modifications to one or more operating parameters of the cochlear implant.

30. The method of claim 23, wherein the transparent gemstone comprises a diamond.

Images