Dynamically controlled electronic shelf label (ESL) beaconing for positioning

Abstract

Disclosed are techniques for dynamically controlled electronic shelf label (ESL) beaconing for positioning. In an aspect, a network node configures one or more first groups of ESL beacons within a first radius of at least one mobile device to transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate, configures one or more second groups of ESL beacons outside the first radius and within a second radius of the at least one mobile device to transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate.

Description

Qualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO DYNAMICALLY CONTROLLED ELECTRONIC SHELF LABEL (ESL) BEACONING FOR POSITIONING BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 1. Field of the Disclosure

[0001] Aspects of the disclosure relate generally to wireless technologies. 2. Description of the Related Art

[0002] Electronic shelf labels (ESLs) are used by retailers for displaying product pricing or other product information to consumers. ESLs typically use electronic paper (e-paper) or liquid crystal display (LCD) to display the current information. E-paper (also referred to as e- ink) is widely used for ESLs, as it provides a sharp display and supports full graphic imaging while only needing power during updates and no power to retain an image.

[0003] ESLs are increasingly being integrated with existing retail technologies, such as electronic article surveillance, digital signage, and people counters. For example, retailers can upload a floor plan of the sales area into the ESL management software. Consumers can then be tracked (in real time) through a network of people-counting devices, or via their personal BLUETOOTH® devices, in order to determine their position within the store at all times. This allows an individual customer to receive targeted, customized marketing initiatives, such as discounts, individual pricing, etc. SUMMARY

[0004] The following presents a simplified summary relating to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Thus, the following summary should not be considered an extensive overview relating to all contemplated aspects, nor should the following summary be considered to identify key or critical elements relating to all contemplated aspects or to delineate the scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, the following summary has the sole purpose to present certain concepts relating to one or more aspects relating to the mechanisms disclosed herein in a simplified form to precede the detailed description presented below.

[0005] In an aspect, a method of communication performed by a network node includes configuring one or more first groups of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons within a first 1 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO radius around an estimated location of at least one mobile device to transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate; configuring one or more second groups of ESL beacons outside the first radius and within a second radius around the estimated location of the at least one mobile device to transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate.

[0006] In an aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes obtaining a plurality of received signal strength indication (RSSI) measurements of a corresponding plurality of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons, wherein a first subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate, wherein a second subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, and wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate; reporting the plurality of RSSI measurements and identifiers of the plurality of ESL beacons or a first position of the UE determined based on the plurality of RSSI measurements and locations of the plurality of ESL beacons.

[0007] In an aspect, a network node includes one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: configure one or more first groups of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons within a first radius around an estimated location of at least one mobile device to transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate; and configure one or more second groups of ESL beacons outside the first radius and within a second radius around the estimated location of the at least one mobile device to transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate.

[0008] In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: obtain a plurality of received signal strength indication (RSSI) measurements of a corresponding plurality of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons, wherein a first subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate, wherein a second subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, 2 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO and wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate; and report, via the one or more transceivers, to a network node, the plurality of RSSI measurements and identifiers of the plurality of ESL beacons or a first position of the UE determined based on the plurality of RSSI measurements and locations of the plurality of ESL beacons.

[0009] In an aspect, a network node includes means for configuring one or more first groups of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons within a first radius around an estimated location of at least one mobile device to transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate; and means for configuring one or more second groups of ESL beacons outside the first radius and within a second radius around the estimated location of the at least one mobile device to transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate.

[0010] In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes means for obtaining a plurality of received signal strength indication (RSSI) measurements of a corresponding plurality of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons, wherein a first subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate, wherein a second subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, and wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate; and means for reporting, to a network node, the plurality of RSSI measurements and identifiers of the plurality of ESL beacons or a first position of the UE determined based on the plurality of RSSI measurements and locations of the plurality of ESL beacons.

[0011] In an aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a network node, cause the network node to: configure one or more first groups of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons within a first radius around an estimated location of at least one mobile device to transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate; and configure one or more second groups of ESL beacons outside the first radius and within a second radius around the estimated location of the at least one mobile device to transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate.

[0012] In an aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: obtain a plurality of received signal strength indication (RSSI) measurements of a corresponding 3 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO plurality of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons, wherein a first subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate, wherein a second subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, and wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate; and report, to a network node, the plurality of RSSI measurements and identifiers of the plurality of ESL beacons or a first position of the UE determined based on the plurality of RSSI measurements and locations of the plurality of ESL beacons.

[0013] Other objects and advantages associated with the aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the accompanying drawings and detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in the description of various aspects of the disclosure and are provided solely for illustration of the aspects and not limitation thereof.

[0015] FIG.1 illustrates an example electronic shelf label (ESL) system, according to aspects of the disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 2 illustrates the components of an example ESL, according to aspects of the disclosure.

[0017] FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C are simplified block diagrams of several sample aspects of components that may be employed in a user equipment (UE), a base station, and a network entity, respectively, and configured to support communications as taught herein.

[0018] FIG.4 is a diagram illustrating an example ESL deployment, according to aspects of the disclosure.

[0019] FIG.5 illustrates a table of beaconing parameters and a table of beacon modes, according to aspects of the disclosure.

[0020] FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate example methods of communication, according to aspects of the disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Aspects of the disclosure are provided in the following description and related drawings directed to various examples provided for illustration purposes. Alternate aspects may be 4 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO devised without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Additionally, well-known elements of the disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of the disclosure.

[0022] The words “exemplary” and / or “example” are used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” and / or “example” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Likewise, the term “aspects of the disclosure” does not require that all aspects of the disclosure include the discussed feature, advantage or mode of operation.

[0023] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the information and signals described below may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description below may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof, depending in part on the particular application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, etc.

[0024] Further, many aspects are described in terms of sequences of actions to be performed by, for example, elements of a computing device. It will be recognized that various actions described herein can be performed by specific circuits (e.g., application specific integrated circuits (ASICs)), by program instructions being executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of both. Additionally, the sequence(s) of actions described herein can be considered to be embodied entirely within any form of non- transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored therein a corresponding set of computer instructions that, upon execution, would cause or instruct an associated processor of a device to perform the functionality described herein. Thus, the various aspects of the disclosure may be embodied in a number of different forms, all of which have been contemplated to be within the scope of the claimed subject matter. In addition, for each of the aspects described herein, the corresponding form of any such aspects may be described herein as, for example, “logic configured to” perform the described action.

[0025] As used herein, the terms “user equipment” (UE) and “base station” are not intended to be specific or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT), unless otherwise noted. In general, a UE may be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, consumer asset locating device, 5 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO wearable (e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.), vehicle (e.g., automobile, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.) used by a user to communicate over a wireless communications network. A UE may be mobile or may (e.g., at certain times) be stationary, and may communicate with a radio access network (RAN). As used herein, the term “UE” may be referred to interchangeably as an “access terminal” or “AT,” a “client device,” a “wireless device,” a “subscriber device,” a “subscriber terminal,” a “subscriber station,” a “user terminal” or “UT,” a “mobile device,” a “mobile terminal,” a “mobile station,” or variations thereof. Generally, UEs can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network the UEs can be connected with external networks such as the Internet and with other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms of connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UEs, such as over wired access networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) networks (e.g., based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 specification, etc.) and so on.

[0026] Electronic shelf labels (ESLs) are used by retailers for displaying product pricing or other product information to consumers. ESLs typically use electronic paper (e-paper) or liquid crystal display (LCD) to display the current information. E-paper (also referred to as e- ink) is widely used for ESLs, as it provides a sharp display and supports full graphic imaging while only needing power during updates and no power to retain an image.

[0027] ESLs are increasingly being integrated with existing retail technologies, such as electronic article surveillance, digital signage, and people counters. For example, retailers can upload a floor plan of the sales area into the ESL management software. Consumers can then be tracked (in real time) through a network of people-counting devices, or via their personal BLUETOOTH® devices, in order to determine their position within the store at all times. This allows an individual customer to receive targeted, customized marketing initiatives, such as discounts, individual pricing, etc.

[0028] FIG.1 illustrates an example ESL system 100, according to aspects of the disclosure. An ESL system generally includes three components: label management software (e.g., running on a central management entity 110, such as a local server at the retail location or a cloud-based server), one or more wireless communication base stations 120 (e.g., Wi-Fi access points), and one or more (usually many) ESLs 130. The label management software is responsible for the configuration of the system, configuration of the properties 6 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO of the ESLs 130 themselves, and storing the database of information to be displayed by the ESLs 130. The software mainly covers the network management, file systems, and transmission of data. It also processes and packs the data to be displayed into packets of information. The data packets are then sent to one or more wireless communication base stations 120 via a wireless network (e.g., Wi-Fi) for distribution to the ESLs 130.

[0029] A wireless communication base stations 120 is responsible for the stability and reliability of transmissions from the label management software (on the central management entity 110) to the ESLs 130. There may be multiple wireless communication base stations 120 deployed in a single retail location based on the size of the space and / or the number of ESLs 130 deployed.

[0030] An ESL 130 functions as a receiver from the wireless communication base station 120 to display the information configured from the label management software. The ESL 130 then acts based on the instructions that were provided in the data packets. An ESL application programming interface (API) is included in the current BLUETOOTH® specification and permits a 7-bit group identifier of 8-bit unique ESL identifiers, allowing for a total of 32,640 ESLs 130 to be allocated for one wireless communication base station 120. With those constraints, multiple wireless communication base stations 120 may be needed to cover a typical grocery store ESL application.

[0031] FIG. 2 illustrates the components of an example ESL 130, according to aspects of the disclosure. Note that in some cases, rather than an ESL 130 having its own wireless radio, multiple ESLs 130 may be attached to a rail that clips onto a retail shelf. In this case, the rail contains the radio and the ESLs 130 have just the display. The radio in the rail communicates locally to the clipped-on ESLs 130 over a wired protocol (the act of clipping on connects the ESLs 130 to the wires). As such, an ESL 130 itself may not have a radio but may connect locally to one (i.e., the rail).

[0032] FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C illustrate several example components (represented by corresponding blocks) that may be incorporated into a UE 302 (which may correspond to any of the UEs described herein), a base station 304 (which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein), and a network entity 306 to support the operations described herein. It will be appreciated that these components may be implemented in different types of apparatuses in different implementations (e.g., in an ASIC, in a system- on-chip (SoC), etc.). The illustrated components may also be incorporated into other 7 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO apparatuses in a communication system. For example, other apparatuses in a system may include components similar to those described to provide similar functionality. Also, a given apparatus may contain one or more of the components. For example, an apparatus may include multiple transceiver components that enable the apparatus to operate on multiple carriers and / or communicate via different technologies.

[0033] The UE 302 and the base station 304 each include one or more wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively, providing means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for refraining from transmitting, etc.) via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown), such as an NR network, an LTE network, a GSM network, and / or the like. The WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may each be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356, respectively, for communicating with other network nodes, such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNBs, gNBs), etc., via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) over a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., some set of time / frequency resources in a particular frequency spectrum). The WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may be variously configured for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, and so on), respectively, and, conversely, for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, and so on), respectively, in accordance with the designated RAT. Specifically, the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 include one or more transmitters 314 and 354, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, respectively, and one or more receivers 312 and 352, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively.

[0034] The UE 302 and the base station 304 each also include, at least in some cases, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360, respectively. The short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, and provide means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for refraining from transmitting, etc.) with other network nodes, such as other UEs, access points, base stations, etc., via at least one designated RAT (e.g., Wi-Fi, LTE Direct, BLUETOOTH®, ZIGBEE®, Z-WAVE®, PC5, dedicated short-range communications (DSRC), wireless access for vehicular environments (WAVE), near-field communication (NFC), ultra- 8 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO wideband (UWB), etc.) over a wireless communication medium of interest. The short- range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be variously configured for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, and so on), respectively, and, conversely, for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, and so on), respectively, in accordance with the designated RAT. Specifically, the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 include one or more transmitters 324 and 364, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, respectively, and one or more receivers 322 and 362, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368, respectively. As specific examples, the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be Wi-Fi transceivers, BLUETOOTH® transceivers, ZIGBEE® and / or Z-WAVE® transceivers, NFC transceivers, UWB transceivers, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and / or vehicle-to- everything (V2X) transceivers.

[0035] The UE 302 and the base station 304 also include, at least in some cases, satellite signal receivers 330 and 370. The satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, and may provide means for receiving and / or measuring satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378, respectively. Where the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are satellite positioning system receivers, the satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 may be global positioning system (GPS) signals, global navigation satellite system (GLONASS®) signals, Galileo signals, Beidou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC), Quasi- Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc. Where the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are non-terrestrial network (NTN) receivers, the satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 may be communication signals (e.g., carrying control and / or user data) originating from a 5G network. The satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may comprise any suitable hardware and / or software for receiving and processing satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378, respectively. The satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may request information and operations as appropriate from the other systems, and, at least in some cases, perform calculations to determine locations of the UE 302 and the base station 304, respectively, using measurements obtained by any suitable satellite positioning system algorithm. 9 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO

[0036] The base station 304 and the network entity 306 each include one or more network transceivers 380 and 390, respectively, providing means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, etc.) with other network entities (e.g., other base stations 304, other network entities 306). For example, the base station 304 may employ the one or more network transceivers 380 to communicate with other base stations 304 or network entities 306 over one or more wired or wireless backhaul links. As another example, the network entity 306 may employ the one or more network transceivers 390 to communicate with one or more base station 304 over one or more wired or wireless backhaul links, or with other network entities 306 over one or more wired or wireless core network interfaces.

[0037] A transceiver may be configured to communicate over a wired or wireless link. A transceiver (whether a wired transceiver or a wireless transceiver) includes transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) and receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362). A transceiver may be an integrated device (e.g., embodying transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry in a single device) in some implementations, may comprise separate transmitter circuitry and separate receiver circuitry in some implementations, or may be embodied in other ways in other implementations. The transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry of a wired transceiver (e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations) may be coupled to one or more wired network interface ports. Wireless transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, that permits the respective apparatus (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform transmit “beamforming,” as described herein. Similarly, wireless receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362) may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, that permits the respective apparatus (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform receive beamforming, as described herein. In an aspect, the transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry may share the same plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such that the respective apparatus can only receive or transmit at a given time, not both at the same time. A wireless transceiver (e.g., WWAN transceivers 310 and 350, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360) may also include a network listen module (NLM) or the like for performing various measurements. 10 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO

[0038] As used herein, the various wireless transceivers (e.g., transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360, and network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations) and wired transceivers (e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations) may generally be characterized as “a transceiver,” “at least one transceiver,” or “one or more transceivers.” As such, whether a particular transceiver is a wired or wireless transceiver may be inferred from the type of communication performed. For example, backhaul communication between network devices or servers will generally relate to signaling via a wired transceiver, whereas wireless communication between a UE (e.g., UE 302) and a base station (e.g., base station 304) will generally relate to signaling via a wireless transceiver.

[0039] The UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 also include other components that may be used in conjunction with the operations as disclosed herein. The UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 include one or more processors 332, 384, and 394, respectively, for providing functionality relating to, for example, wireless communication, and for providing other processing functionality. The processors 332, 384, and 394 may therefore provide means for processing, such as means for determining, means for calculating, means for receiving, means for transmitting, means for indicating, etc. In an aspect, the processors 332, 384, and 394 may include, for example, one or more general purpose processors, multi-core processors, central processing units (CPUs), ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), other programmable logic devices or processing circuitry, or various combinations thereof.

[0040] The UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 include memory circuitry implementing memories 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., each including a memory device), respectively, for maintaining information (e.g., information indicative of reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, and so on). The memories 340, 386, and 396 may therefore provide means for storing, means for retrieving, means for maintaining, etc. In some cases, the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 may include ESL management component 342, 388, and 398, respectively. The ESL management component 342, 388, and 398 may be hardware circuits that are part of or coupled to the processors 332, 384, and 394, respectively, that, when executed, cause the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. 11 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO In other aspects, the ESL management component 342, 388, and 398 may be external to the processors 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.). Alternatively, the ESL management component 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules stored in the memories 340, 386, and 396, respectively, that, when executed by the processors 332, 384, and 394 (or a modem processing system, another processing system, etc.), cause the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. FIG. 3A illustrates possible locations of the ESL management component 342, which may be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the memory 340, the one or more processors 332, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component. FIG.3B illustrates possible locations of the ESL management component 388, which may be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 350, the memory 386, the one or more processors 384, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component. FIG. 3C illustrates possible locations of the ESL management component 398, which may be, for example, part of the one or more network transceivers 390, the memory 396, the one or more processors 394, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.

[0041] The UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to the one or more processors 332 to provide means for sensing or detecting movement and / or orientation information that is independent of motion data derived from signals received by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, and / or the satellite signal receiver 330. By way of example, the sensor(s) 344 may include an accelerometer (e.g., a micro-electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) device), a gyroscope, a geomagnetic sensor (e.g., a compass), an altimeter (e.g., a barometric pressure altimeter), and / or any other type of movement detection sensor. Moreover, the sensor(s) 344 may include a plurality of different types of devices and combine their outputs in order to provide motion information. For example, the sensor(s) 344 may use a combination of a multi-axis accelerometer and orientation sensors to assist in the computation of positions in two-dimensional (2D) and / or three-dimensional (3D) coordinate systems.

[0042] In addition, the UE 302 includes a user interface 346 providing means for providing indications (e.g., audible and / or visual indications) to a user and / or for receiving user 12 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO input (e.g., upon user actuation of a sensing device such a keypad, a touch screen, a microphone, and so on). Although not shown, the base station 304 and the network entity 306 may also include user interfaces.

[0043] Referring to the one or more processors 384 in more detail, in the downlink, IP packets from the network entity 306 may be provided to the processor 384. The one or more processors 384 may implement functionality for an RRC layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The one or more processors 384 may provide RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., master information block (MIB), system information blocks (SIBs)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ), concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0044] The transmitter 354 and the receiver 352 may implement Layer-1 (L1) functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer-1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The transmitter 354 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the 13 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM symbol stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 302. Each spatial stream may then be provided to one or more different antennas 356. The transmitter 354 may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.

[0045] At the UE 302, the receiver 312 receives a signal through its respective antenna(s) 316. The receiver 312 recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors 332. The transmitter 314 and the receiver 312 implement Layer-1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The receiver 312 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 302. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 302, they may be combined by the receiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The receiver 312 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 304. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by a channel estimator. The soft decisions are then decoded and de-interleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 304 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the one or more processors 332, which implements Layer-3 (L3) and Layer-2 (L2) functionality.

[0046] In the downlink, the one or more processors 332 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the core network. The one or more processors 332 are also responsible for error detection.

[0047] Similar to the functionality described in connection with the downlink transmission by the base station 304, the one or more processors 332 provides RRC layer functionality 14 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0048] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 304 may be used by the transmitter 314 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the transmitter 314 may be provided to different antenna(s) 316. The transmitter 314 may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.

[0049] The uplink transmission is processed at the base station 304 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 302. The receiver 352 receives a signal through its respective antenna(s) 356. The receiver 352 recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors 384.

[0050] In the uplink, the one or more processors 384 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 302. IP packets from the one or more processors 384 may be provided to the core network. The one or more processors 384 are also responsible for error detection.

[0051] For convenience, the UE 302, the base station 304, and / or the network entity 306 are shown in FIGS.3A, 3B, and 3C as including various components that may be configured according to the various examples described herein. It will be appreciated, however, that the illustrated components may have different functionality in different designs. In particular, various components in FIGS. 3A to 3C are optional in alternative configurations and the various aspects include configurations that may vary due to design 15 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO choice, costs, use of the device, or other considerations. For example, in case of FIG.3A, a particular implementation of UE 302 may omit the WWAN transceiver(s) 310 (e.g., a wearable device or tablet computer or personal computer (PC) or laptop may have Wi-Fi and / or BLUETOOTH® capability without cellular capability), or may omit the short- range wireless transceiver(s) 320 (e.g., cellular-only, etc.), or may omit the satellite signal receiver 330, or may omit the sensor(s) 344, and so on. In another example, in case of FIG. 3B, a particular implementation of the base station 304 may omit the WWAN transceiver(s) 350 (e.g., a Wi-Fi “hotspot” access point without cellular capability), or may omit the short-range wireless transceiver(s) 360 (e.g., cellular-only, etc.), or may omit the satellite signal receiver 370, and so on. For brevity, illustration of the various alternative configurations is not provided herein, but would be readily understandable to one skilled in the art.

[0052] The various components of the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 may be communicatively coupled to each other over data buses 334, 382, and 392, respectively. In an aspect, the data buses 334, 382, and 392 may form, or be part of, a communication interface of the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306, respectively. For example, where different logical entities are embodied in the same device (e.g., gNB and location server functionality incorporated into the same base station 304), the data buses 334, 382, and 392 may provide communication between them.

[0053] The components of FIGS.3A, 3B, and 3C may be implemented in various ways. In some implementations, the components of FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C may be implemented in one or more circuits such as, for example, one or more processors and / or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors). Here, each circuit may use and / or incorporate at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by the circuit to provide this functionality. For example, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 310 to 346 may be implemented by processor and memory component(s) of the UE 302 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of processor components). Similarly, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 350 to 388 may be implemented by processor and memory component(s) of the base station 304 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of processor components). Also, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 390 to 398 may be implemented by processor and 16 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO memory component(s) of the network entity 306 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of processor components). For simplicity, various operations, acts, and / or functions are described herein as being performed “by a UE,” “by a base station,” “by a network entity,” etc. However, as will be appreciated, such operations, acts, and / or functions may actually be performed by specific components or combinations of components of the UE 302, base station 304, network entity 306, etc., such as the processors 332, 384, 394, the transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360, the memories 340, 386, and 396, the ESL management component 342, 388, and 398, etc.

[0054] In some designs, the network entity 306 may be implemented as a core network component. In other designs, the network entity 306 may be distinct from a network operator or operation of the cellular network infrastructure. For example, the network entity 306 may be a component of a private network that may be configured to communicate with the UE 302 via the base station 304 or independently from the base station 304 (e.g., over a non-cellular communication link, such as Wi-Fi).

[0055] Indoor positioning based on BLUETOOTH® Low Energy (BLE) beaconing from ESLs is being developed for retail applications. There are various techniques available for estimating indoor location based on beacon’s signal strength (e.g., RSSI). Detected beacon signals from nearby BLE devices at known locations can be used to form an estimate of a mobile device's position. For example, in an RSSI-based positioning technique, a mobile receiver device (e.g., a UE or other handheld device) measures the RSSI of beacon signals transmitted by one or more beacon transmitters (e.g., ESLs). The position of the receiver device is based on the top few (e.g., two to 10) RSSIs (i.e., the beacon signals with the highest RSSI measurements), which are weighted to position the receiver device between the beacon transmitters transmitting the two / three beacon signals.

[0056] However, beaconing at a continuous rate (e.g., 0.5 Hertz (Hz) to 1 Hz) has the following two problems: (1) continuous-rate beaconing of ESLs is expensive in power and drains batteries sub-optimally, and (2) continuous-rate beaconing also causes unwanted interferences.

[0057] Accordingly, the present disclosure provides techniques for dynamically controlled ESL beaconing for positioning. The techniques of the present disclosure are based on the following observations. Positioning depends mostly on the beacons with the strongest 17 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO RSSIs, and the strongest beacons come from the nearest ESLs. For accurate location estimates, only a few strong beacons are required. Building on this thought, reducing the frequency with which ESLs far away from the mobile receiver device beacon should not deteriorate the estimated location(s) of the mobile receiver device.

[0058] Assuming that the estimated locations are not very far off from the actual locations, if only the ESLs inside a bubble around the estimated locations transmit beacon signals, good estimates of updated locations can be obtained. However, if the initial estimations were not very good, then depending only on the beacons inside the bubble might increase errors with time because the high-rate beacons may not be located around the actual position of the mobile device. To counter this, beacons from ESLs outside the bubble should be used too, but at a reduced beaconing rate (background rate). Thus, the overall count of beaconing ESLs is reduced (via reduced beaconing frequency), and errors in estimated locations should not be very high, as more impactful nearby ESLs are beaconing at the full rate.

[0059] In greater detail, instead of beaconing at a fixed / continuous rate (interval, periodicity), the present disclosure proposes a dynamic approach for beaconing, as described below. The solution is performed in two-stages. In the first stage, ESLs are onboarded onto the access point (AP) (e.g., wireless communication base station 120) in groups. Generally, an AP can have 128 groups of ESLs, where each group can have 255 ESLs. The ESLs are onboarded in such a way that physically closely located ESLs (e.g., on the same shelf, in the same aisle, etc.) are onboarded in the same group. In contrast, currently, onboarding is generally done on a first come first serve basis.

[0060] In the second stage, in the presence of a mobile receiver device (e.g., carried by a store- picker), groups of ESLs are classified into one of the three beaconing modes. Specifically, there may be a high frequency beaconing mode (denoted “Mode 1”), a medium frequency beaconing mode (denoted “Mode 2”), and a low frequency beaconing mode (denoted “Mode 3”). These modes give the beaconing frequency of ESLs such that groups of ESLs closest to the mobile device beacon with the highest frequency. In the absence of any mobile devices to be positioned, all ESLs should beacon with Mode 3, i.e., the lowest frequency.

[0061] FIG. 4 is a diagram 400 illustrating an example ESL deployment (e.g., within a retail space), according to aspects of the disclosure. Each shaded dot represents an ESL beacon 18 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO and each black dot represents the estimated location of a mobile device (five in the example of FIG. 4). As can be seen, the ESL beacons are arranged along aisles of the retail space. The different shading of the ESL beacons represents their beaconing frequency, with darker-shaded dots representing higher beaconing frequency and lighter- shaded dots representing lower beaconing frequency. Note that groups of ESLs around the mobile devices are not perfect circles because the ESLs are grouped together during onboarding and all ESLs in a group transmit at the same rate.

[0062] FIG. 5 illustrates a table 500 of beaconing parameters and a table 550 of beacon modes, according to aspects of the disclosure. The ESL beacons may be preconfigured with the different beacon modes, or may be configured with the beacon modes by the central management entity 110. The ESL beacons may be configured with the parameters T_beacon, p1, and p2. T_beacon is the interval between beacon transmissions (period). The factors p1 and p2 are relative frequencies. For example, for a p1 of 0.5 and a T_beacon of 1.6 sec, the beacon interval, or beacon rate, will be 3.2 sec, which is a relative frequency of 0.5.

[0063] The central management entity 110 may determine which ESL beacon groups to configure to transmit at which frequency based on a radius around the coarse location of a mobile device. For example, when first entering the retail space, a mobile device may detect one or more low frequency beacons and obtain / report a coarse location estimate based on those beacons. Based on that coarse location, the central management entity 110 can determine the group(s) of ESL beacons around the mobile device and instruct those beacons to increase their beacon rate to enable the mobile device to obtain a more accurate location estimate. That is, the mobile device will “listen” to the beacons and using the measured RSSIs of the beacons it “hears” it will compute an estimated location. The mobile device will communicate this location to the central management entity, which will then determine which groups ESLs are nearby (e.g., within a radius of the estimated location) and configure them to beacon at a higher rate. Thus, there is a feedback loop whereby a “bubble” of fast beaconing ESLs follows the mobile device around the retail space.

[0064] Location estimates of the mobile device are computed regularly, for example, at 1 Hz. The beacons that are heard during the last second will typically be used by the mobile device in obtaining a position fix. This includes beacons obtained from ESLs that may 19 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO 20 be beaconing at any of the three rates (Mode 1, Mode 2, Mode 3). For the lower rate ESL beacons, the mobile device may not hear some of them within the 1 sec window, but this statistical loss is compensated for by the large number of ESLs and the fact that if every ESL has been beaconing then the more distant ESLs are less important.

[0065] FIG.6 illustrates a method 600 of communication, according to aspects of the disclosure. In aspect, the method 600 may be performed by a network node, such as the central management entity 110 or a wireless communication base station 120.

[0066] At 610, the network node configures one or more first groups of ESL beacons (e.g., ESLs 130) within a first radius around an estimated location of at least one mobile device (e.g., UE 302) to transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate (e.g., Mode 1). In an aspect, operation 610 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 350, the one or more short-range wireless transceivers 360, the one or more processors 384, memory 386, and / or ESL management component 388, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation. In an aspect, operation 610 may be performed by the one or more network transceivers 390, the one or more processors 394, memory 396, and / or ESL management component 398, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.

[0067] At 620, the network node configures one or more second groups of ESL beacons outside the first radius and within a second radius around the estimated location of the at least one mobile device to transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate (e.g., Mode 2 or Mode 3), wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate. In an aspect, operation 620 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 350, the one or more short-range wireless transceivers 360, the one or more processors 384, memory 386, and / or ESL management component 388, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation. In an aspect, operation 620 may be performed by the one or more network transceivers 390, the one or more processors 394, memory 396, and / or ESL management component 398, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.

[0068] FIG. 7 illustrates a method 700 of wireless communication, according to aspects of the disclosure. In aspect, the method 700 may be performed by a UE, such as UE 302.

[0069] At 710, the UE obtains a plurality of received signal strength indication (RSSI) measurements of a corresponding plurality of ESL beacons, wherein a first subset of ESL 20 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate, wherein a second subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, and wherein the first beaconing rate (e.g., Mode 1) is higher than the second beaconing rate (e.g., Mode 2 or Mode 3). In an aspect, operation 710 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or ESL management component 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.

[0070] At 720, the UE reports, to a network node (e.g., central management entity 110 and / or wireless communication base station 120), the plurality of RSSI measurements and identifiers of the plurality of ESL beacons, or a first position of the UE determined based on the plurality of RSSI measurements and locations of the plurality of beacons. In an aspect, operation 720 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or ESL management component 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.

[0071] As will be appreciated, a technical advantage of the methods 600 and 700 is reduced power consumption when the beacons are not being used while dynamically reacting to the presence of users without significant performance loss or messaging overhead. The proposed beaconing scheme may be especially useful in applications such as the following. For example, in stores that are open 24 hours a day (or have similarly long hours), because these stores typically have much less foot traffic during the night, preventing ESL beacons from beaconing at the full beacon rate can significantly reduce power consumption. As another example, if a store is using ESL beacons for more purposes than just location estimations, such as advertisements or recommendations of products to certain users, then reducing the number of beacons that are transmitting at the full beaconing rate will reduce interference.

[0072] In the detailed description above it can be seen that different features are grouped together in examples. This manner of disclosure should not be understood as an intention that the example clauses have more features than are explicitly mentioned in each clause. Rather, the various aspects of the disclosure may include fewer than all features of an individual example clause disclosed. Therefore, the following clauses should hereby be deemed to 21 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO be incorporated in the description, wherein each clause by itself can stand as a separate example. Although each dependent clause can refer in the clauses to a specific combination with one of the other clauses, the aspect(s) of that dependent clause are not limited to the specific combination. It will be appreciated that other example clauses can also include a combination of the dependent clause aspect(s) with the subject matter of any other dependent clause or independent clause or a combination of any feature with other dependent and independent clauses. The various aspects disclosed herein expressly include these combinations, unless it is explicitly expressed or can be readily inferred that a specific combination is not intended (e.g., contradictory aspects, such as defining an element as both an electrical insulator and an electrical conductor). Furthermore, it is also intended that aspects of a clause can be included in any other independent clause, even if the clause is not directly dependent on the independent clause.

[0073] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0074] Clause 1. A method of communication performed by a network node, comprising: configuring one or more first groups of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons within a first radius around an estimated location of at least one mobile device to transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate; and configuring one or more second groups of ESL beacons outside the first radius and within a second radius around the estimated location of the at least one mobile device to transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate.

[0075] Clause 2. The method of clause 1, wherein: ESL beacons of each of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons are onboarded into the one or more first groups of ESL beacons based on physical proximity of the ESL beacons to each other, and ESL beacons of each of the one or more second groups of ESL beacons are onboarded into the one or more second groups of ESL beacons based on physical proximity of the ESL beacons to each other.

[0076] Clause 3. The method of clause 2, wherein: the ESL beacons of each of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons are on a same first shelf, in a same first aisle, or in a same first section of aisle, and the ESL beacons of each of the one or more second groups of ESL beacons are on a same second shelf, in a same second aisle, or in a same second section of aisle. 22 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO 23

[0077] Clause 4. The method of any of clauses 1 to 3, further comprising: configuring one or more third groups of ESL beacons outside the second radius to transmit third beacon signals at a third beaconing rate, wherein the second beaconing rate is higher than the third beaconing rate.

[0078] Clause 5. The method of clause 4, wherein: the first beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon, where T_beacon is a full beacon rate, the second beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon / p1, where p1 is an intermediate beacon rate, and the third beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon / p2, where p2 is a background beacon rate.

[0079] Clause 6. The method of clause 5, wherein: configuring the one or more first groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more first groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon, configuring the one or more second groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more second groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon and p1, and configuring the one or more third groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more third groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon and p2.

[0080] Clause 7. The method of any of clauses 1 to 6, further comprising: receiving the estimated location from the at least one mobile device, wherein the estimated location indicates a presence of the at least one mobile device within a wireless communication range of one or more ESL beacons of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons.

[0081] Clause 8. The method of any of clauses 1 to 7, wherein the estimated location of the at least one mobile device is determined based, at least in part, on one or more ESLs transmitting beacon signals at a second beaconing rate lower than the first beaconing rate.

[0082] Clause 9. The method of any of clauses 1 to 8, wherein the network node is a central management entity or a wireless access point.

[0083] Clause 10. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: obtaining a plurality of received signal strength indication (RSSI) measurements of a corresponding plurality of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons, wherein a first subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate, wherein a second subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, and wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate; and reporting, to a network node, the plurality of RSSI measurements and identifiers of the plurality of ESL 23 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO 24 beacons or a first position of the UE determined based on the plurality of RSSI measurements and locations of the plurality of ESL beacons.

[0084] Clause 11. The method of clause 10, wherein: a third subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit third beacon signals at a third beaconing rate, and the third beaconing rate is lower than the first beaconing rate.

[0085] Clause 12. The method of clause 11, wherein the third beaconing rate is lower than the second beaconing rate.

[0086] Clause 13. The method of any of clauses 10 to 12, wherein each subset of the plurality of ESL beacons is on a same shelf, in a same aisle, or in a same section of aisle.

[0087] Clause 14. The method of any of clauses 10 to 13, wherein the network node is a central management entity or a wireless access point.

[0088] Clause 15. A network node, comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: configure one or more first groups of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons within a first radius around an estimated location of at least one mobile device to transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate; and configure one or more second groups of ESL beacons outside the first radius and within a second radius around the estimated location of the at least one mobile device to transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate.

[0089] Clause 16. The network node of clause 15, wherein: ESL beacons of each of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons are onboarded into the one or more first groups of ESL beacons based on physical proximity of the ESL beacons to each other, and ESL beacons of each of the one or more second groups of ESL beacons are onboarded into the one or more second groups of ESL beacons based on physical proximity of the ESL beacons to each other.

[0090] Clause 17. The network node of clause 16, wherein: the ESL beacons of each of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons are on a same first shelf, in a same first aisle, or in a same first section of aisle, and the ESL beacons of each of the one or more second groups of ESL beacons are on a same second shelf, in a same second aisle, or in a same second section of aisle. 24 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO

[0091] Clause 18. The network node of any of clauses 15 to 17, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: configure one or more third groups of ESL beacons outside the second radius to transmit third beacon signals at a third beaconing rate, wherein the second beaconing rate is higher than the third beaconing rate.

[0092] Clause 19. The network node of clause 18, wherein: the first beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon, where T_beacon is a full beacon rate, the second beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon / p1, where p1 is an intermediate beacon rate, and the third beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon / p2, where p2 is a background beacon rate.

[0093] Clause 20. The network node of clause 19, wherein: configure the one or more first groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more first groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon, configure the one or more second groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more second groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon and p1, and configure the one or more third groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more third groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon and p2.

[0094] Clause 21. The network node of any of clauses 15 to 20, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers, the estimated location from the at least one mobile device, wherein the estimated location indicates a presence of the at least one mobile device within a wireless communication range of one or more ESL beacons of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons.

[0095] Clause 22. The network node of any of clauses 15 to 21, wherein the estimated location of the at least one mobile device is determined based, at least in part, on one or more ESLs transmitting beacon signals at a second beaconing rate lower than the first beaconing rate.

[0096] Clause 23. The network node of any of clauses 15 to 22, wherein the network node is a central management entity or a wireless access point.

[0097] Clause 24. A user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: obtain a plurality of received signal strength indication (RSSI) measurements of a corresponding plurality of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons, wherein a first subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit 25 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate, wherein a second subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, and wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate; and report, via the one or more transceivers, to a network node, the plurality of RSSI measurements and identifiers of the plurality of ESL beacons or a first position of the UE determined based on the plurality of RSSI measurements and locations of the plurality of ESL beacons.

[0098] Clause 25. The UE of clause 24, wherein: a third subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit third beacon signals at a third beaconing rate, and the third beaconing rate is lower than the first beaconing rate.

[0099] Clause 26. The UE of clause 25, wherein the third beaconing rate is lower than the second beaconing rate.

[0100] Clause 27. The UE of any of clauses 24 to 26, wherein each subset of the plurality of ESL beacons is on a same shelf, in a same aisle, or in a same section of aisle.

[0101] Clause 28. The UE of any of clauses 24 to 27, wherein the network node is a central management entity or a wireless access point.

[0102] Clause 29. A network node, comprising: means for configuring one or more first groups of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons within a first radius around an estimated location of at least one mobile device to transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate; and means for configuring one or more second groups of ESL beacons outside the first radius and within a second radius around the estimated location of the at least one mobile device to transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate.

[0103] Clause 30. The network node of clause 29, wherein: ESL beacons of each of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons are onboarded into the one or more first groups of ESL beacons based on physical proximity of the ESL beacons to each other, and ESL beacons of each of the one or more second groups of ESL beacons are onboarded into the one or more second groups of ESL beacons based on physical proximity of the ESL beacons to each other.

[0104] Clause 31. The network node of clause 30, wherein: the ESL beacons of each of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons are on a same first shelf, in a same first aisle, or in a same first section of aisle, and the ESL beacons of each of the one or more second groups 26 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO 27 of ESL beacons are on a same second shelf, in a same second aisle, or in a same second section of aisle.

[0105] Clause 32. The network node of any of clauses 29 to 31, further comprising: means for configuring one or more third groups of ESL beacons outside the second radius to transmit third beacon signals at a third beaconing rate, wherein the second beaconing rate is higher than the third beaconing rate.

[0106] Clause 33. The network node of clause 32, wherein: the first beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon, where T_beacon is a full beacon rate, the second beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon / p1, where p1 is an intermediate beacon rate, and the third beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon / p2, where p2 is a background beacon rate.

[0107] Clause 34. The network node of clause 33, wherein: means for configuring the one or more first groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more first groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon, means for configuring the one or more second groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more second groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon and p1, and means for configuring the one or more third groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more third groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon and p2.

[0108] Clause 35. The network node of any of clauses 29 to 34, further comprising: means for receiving the estimated location from the at least one mobile device, wherein the estimated location indicates a presence of the at least one mobile device within a wireless communication range of one or more ESL beacons of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons.

[0109] Clause 36. The network node of any of clauses 29 to 35, wherein the estimated location of the at least one mobile device is determined based, at least in part, on one or more ESLs transmitting beacon signals at a second beaconing rate lower than the first beaconing rate.

[0110] Clause 37. The network node of any of clauses 29 to 36, wherein the network node is a central management entity or a wireless access point.

[0111] Clause 38. A user equipment (UE), comprising: means for obtaining a plurality of received signal strength indication (RSSI) measurements of a corresponding plurality of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons, wherein a first subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate, wherein a second subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit second beacon signals at 27 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO 28 a second beaconing rate, and wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate; and means for reporting, to a network node, the plurality of RSSI measurements and identifiers of the plurality of ESL beacons or a first position of the UE determined based on the plurality of RSSI measurements and locations of the plurality of ESL beacons.

[0112] Clause 39. The UE of clause 38, wherein: a third subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit third beacon signals at a third beaconing rate, and the third beaconing rate is lower than the first beaconing rate.

[0113] Clause 40. The UE of clause 39, wherein the third beaconing rate is lower than the second beaconing rate.

[0114] Clause 41. The UE of any of clauses 38 to 40, wherein each subset of the plurality of ESL beacons is on a same shelf, in a same aisle, or in a same section of aisle.

[0115] Clause 42. The UE of any of clauses 38 to 41, wherein the network node is a central management entity or a wireless access point.

[0116] Clause 43. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a network node, cause the network node to: configure one or more first groups of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons within a first radius around an estimated location of at least one mobile device to transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate; and configure one or more second groups of ESL beacons outside the first radius and within a second radius around the estimated location of the at least one mobile device to transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate.

[0117] Clause 44. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 43, wherein: ESL beacons of each of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons are onboarded into the one or more first groups of ESL beacons based on physical proximity of the ESL beacons to each other, and ESL beacons of each of the one or more second groups of ESL beacons are onboarded into the one or more second groups of ESL beacons based on physical proximity of the ESL beacons to each other.

[0118] Clause 45. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 44, wherein: the ESL beacons of each of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons are on a same first shelf, in a same first aisle, or in a same first section of aisle, and the ESL beacons of each of the 28 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO one or more second groups of ESL beacons are on a same second shelf, in a same second aisle, or in a same second section of aisle.

[0119] Clause 46. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 43 to 45, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the network node, cause the network node to: configure one or more third groups of ESL beacons outside the second radius to transmit third beacon signals at a third beaconing rate, wherein the second beaconing rate is higher than the third beaconing rate.

[0120] Clause 47. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 46, wherein: the first beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon, where T_beacon is a full beacon rate, the second beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon / p1, where p1 is an intermediate beacon rate, and the third beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon / p2, where p2 is a background beacon rate.

[0121] Clause 48. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 47, wherein: configure the one or more first groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more first groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon, configure the one or more second groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more second groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon and p1, and configure the one or more third groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more third groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon and p2.

[0122] Clause 49. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 43 to 48, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the network node, cause the network node to: receive the estimated location from the at least one mobile device, wherein the estimated location indicates a presence of the at least one mobile device within a wireless communication range of one or more ESL beacons of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons.

[0123] Clause 50. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 43 to 49, wherein the estimated location of the at least one mobile device is determined based, at least in part, on one or more ESLs transmitting beacon signals at a second beaconing rate lower than the first beaconing rate.

[0124] Clause 51. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 43 to 50, wherein the network node is a central management entity or a wireless access point. 29 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO

[0125] Clause 52. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: obtain a plurality of received signal strength indication (RSSI) measurements of a corresponding plurality of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons, wherein a first subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate, wherein a second subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, and wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate; and report, to a network node, the plurality of RSSI measurements and identifiers of the plurality of ESL beacons or a first position of the UE determined based on the plurality of RSSI measurements and locations of the plurality of ESL beacons.

[0126] Clause 53. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 52, wherein: a third subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit third beacon signals at a third beaconing rate, and the third beaconing rate is lower than the first beaconing rate.

[0127] Clause 54. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 53, wherein the third beaconing rate is lower than the second beaconing rate.

[0128] Clause 55. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 52 to 54, wherein each subset of the plurality of ESL beacons is on a same shelf, in a same aisle, or in a same section of aisle.

[0129] Clause 56. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 52 to 55, wherein the network node is a central management entity or a wireless access point.

[0130] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0131] Further, those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above 30 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0132] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0133] The methods, sequences and / or algorithms described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An example storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., UE). In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.

[0134] In one or more example aspects, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage 31 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0135] While the foregoing disclosure shows illustrative aspects of the disclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modifications could be made herein without departing from the scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. For example, the functions, steps and / or actions of the method claims in accordance with the aspects of the disclosure described herein need not be performed in any particular order. Further, no component, function, action, or instruction described or claimed herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set,” “group,” and the like are intended to include one or more of the stated elements. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” and the like does not preclude the presence of one or more additional elements (e.g., an element “having” A may also have B). Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or,” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of”) or the alternatives are 32 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO mutually exclusive (e.g., “one or more” should not be interpreted as “one and more”). Furthermore, although components, functions, actions, and instructions may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated. Accordingly, as used herein, the articles “a,” “an,” “the,” and “said” are intended to include one or more of the stated elements. Additionally, as used herein, the terms “at least one” and “one or more” encompass “one” component, function, action, or instruction performing or capable of performing a described or claimed functionality and also “two or more” components, functions, actions, or instructions performing or capable of performing a described or claimed functionality in combination. 33 QC2305672WO

Claims

Qualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A method of communication performed by a network node, comprising: configuring one or more first groups of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons within a first radius around an estimated location of at least one mobile device to transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate; and configuring one or more second groups of ESL beacons outside the first radius and within a second radius around the estimated location of the at least one mobile device to transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: ESL beacons of each of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons are onboarded into the one or more first groups of ESL beacons based on physical proximity of the ESL beacons to each other, and ESL beacons of each of the one or more second groups of ESL beacons are onboarded into the one or more second groups of ESL beacons based on physical proximity of the ESL beacons to each other.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the ESL beacons of each of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons are on a same first shelf, in a same first aisle, or in a same first section of aisle, and the ESL beacons of each of the one or more second groups of ESL beacons are on a same second shelf, in a same second aisle, or in a same second section of aisle.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: configuring one or more third groups of ESL beacons outside the second radius to transmit third beacon signals at a third beaconing rate, wherein the second beaconing rate is higher than the third beaconing rate.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein: 34 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO the first beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon, where T_beacon is a full beacon rate, the second beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon / p1, where p1 is an intermediate beacon rate, and the third beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon / p2, where p2 is a background beacon rate.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein: configuring the one or more first groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more first groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon, configuring the one or more second groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more second groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon and p1, and configuring the one or more third groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more third groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon and p2.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving the estimated location from the at least one mobile device, wherein the estimated location indicates a presence of the at least one mobile device within a wireless communication range of one or more ESL beacons of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the estimated location of the at least one mobile device is determined based, at least in part, on one or more ESLs transmitting beacon signals at a second beaconing rate lower than the first beaconing rate.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the network node is a central management entity or a wireless access point.

10. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: obtaining a plurality of received signal strength indication (RSSI) measurements of a corresponding plurality of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons, wherein a first 35 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate, wherein a second subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, and wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate; and reporting, to a network node, the plurality of RSSI measurements and identifiers of the plurality of ESL beacons or a first position of the UE determined based on the plurality of RSSI measurements and locations of the plurality of ESL beacons.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein: a third subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit third beacon signals at a third beaconing rate, and the third beaconing rate is lower than the first beaconing rate.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the third beaconing rate is lower than the second beaconing rate.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein each subset of the plurality of ESL beacons is on a same shelf, in a same aisle, or in a same section of aisle.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein the network node is a central management entity or a wireless access point.

15. A network node, comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: configure one or more first groups of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons within a first radius around an estimated location of at least one mobile device to transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate; and 36 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO configure one or more second groups of ESL beacons outside the first radius and within a second radius around the estimated location of the at least one mobile device to transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate.

16. The network node of claim 15, wherein: ESL beacons of each of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons are onboarded into the one or more first groups of ESL beacons based on physical proximity of the ESL beacons to each other, and ESL beacons of each of the one or more second groups of ESL beacons are onboarded into the one or more second groups of ESL beacons based on physical proximity of the ESL beacons to each other.

17. The network node of claim 16, wherein: the ESL beacons of each of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons are on a same first shelf, in a same first aisle, or in a same first section of aisle, and the ESL beacons of each of the one or more second groups of ESL beacons are on a same second shelf, in a same second aisle, or in a same second section of aisle.

18. The network node of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: configure one or more third groups of ESL beacons outside the second radius to transmit third beacon signals at a third beaconing rate, wherein the second beaconing rate is higher than the third beaconing rate.

19. The network node of claim 18, wherein: the first beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon, where T_beacon is a full beacon rate, the second beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon / p1, where p1 is an intermediate beacon rate, and the third beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon / p2, where p2 is a background beacon rate. 37 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO 20. The network node of claim 19, wherein: configure the one or more first groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more first groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon, configure the one or more second groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more second groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon and p1, and configure the one or more third groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more third groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon and p2.

21. The network node of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers, the estimated location from the at least one mobile device, wherein the estimated location indicates a presence of the at least one mobile device within a wireless communication range of one or more ESL beacons of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons.

22. The network node of claim 15, wherein the estimated location of the at least one mobile device is determined based, at least in part, on one or more ESLs transmitting beacon signals at a second beaconing rate lower than the first beaconing rate.

23. The network node of claim 15, wherein the network node is a central management entity or a wireless access point.

24. A user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: obtain a plurality of received signal strength indication (RSSI) measurements of a corresponding plurality of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons, wherein a first subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons 38 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate, wherein a second subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, and wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate; and report, via the one or more transceivers, to a network node, the plurality of RSSI measurements and identifiers of the plurality of ESL beacons or a first position of the UE determined based on the plurality of RSSI measurements and locations of the plurality of ESL beacons.

25. The UE of claim 24, wherein: a third subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit third beacon signals at a third beaconing rate, and the third beaconing rate is lower than the first beaconing rate.

26. The UE of claim 25, wherein the third beaconing rate is lower than the second beaconing rate.

27. The UE of claim 24, wherein each subset of the plurality of ESL beacons is on a same shelf, in a same aisle, or in a same section of aisle.

28. The UE of claim 24, wherein the network node is a central management entity or a wireless access point.

29. A network node, comprising: means for configuring one or more first groups of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons within a first radius around an estimated location of at least one mobile device to transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate; and means for configuring one or more second groups of ESL beacons outside the first radius and within a second radius around the estimated location of the at least one mobile device to transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate. 39 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO 30. The network node of claim 29, wherein: ESL beacons of each of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons are onboarded into the one or more first groups of ESL beacons based on physical proximity of the ESL beacons to each other, and ESL beacons of each of the one or more second groups of ESL beacons are onboarded into the one or more second groups of ESL beacons based on physical proximity of the ESL beacons to each other.

31. The network node of claim 30, wherein: the ESL beacons of each of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons are on a same first shelf, in a same first aisle, or in a same first section of aisle, and the ESL beacons of each of the one or more second groups of ESL beacons are on a same second shelf, in a same second aisle, or in a same second section of aisle.

32. The network node of claim 29, further comprising: means for configuring one or more third groups of ESL beacons outside the second radius to transmit third beacon signals at a third beaconing rate, wherein the second beaconing rate is higher than the third beaconing rate.

33. The network node of claim 32, wherein: the first beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon, where T_beacon is a full beacon rate, the second beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon / p1, where p1 is an intermediate beacon rate, and the third beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon / p2, where p2 is a background beacon rate.

34. The network node of claim 33, wherein: means for configuring the one or more first groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more first groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon, means for configuring the one or more second groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more second groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon and p1, and 40 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO means for configuring the one or more third groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more third groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon and p2.

35. The network node of claim 29, further comprising: means for receiving the estimated location from the at least one mobile device, wherein the estimated location indicates a presence of the at least one mobile device within a wireless communication range of one or more ESL beacons of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons.

36. The network node of claim 29, wherein the estimated location of the at least one mobile device is determined based, at least in part, on one or more ESLs transmitting beacon signals at a second beaconing rate lower than the first beaconing rate.

37. The network node of claim 29, wherein the network node is a central management entity or a wireless access point.

38. A user equipment (UE), comprising: means for obtaining a plurality of received signal strength indication (RSSI) measurements of a corresponding plurality of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons, wherein a first subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate, wherein a second subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, and wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate; and means for reporting, to a network node, the plurality of RSSI measurements and identifiers of the plurality of ESL beacons or a first position of the UE determined based on the plurality of RSSI measurements and locations of the plurality of ESL beacons.

39. The UE of claim 38, wherein: a third subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit third beacon signals at a third beaconing rate, and the third beaconing rate is lower than the first beaconing rate. 41 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO 40. The UE of claim 39, wherein the third beaconing rate is lower than the second beaconing rate.

41. The UE of claim 38, wherein each subset of the plurality of ESL beacons is on a same shelf, in a same aisle, or in a same section of aisle.

42. The UE of claim 38, wherein the network node is a central management entity or a wireless access point.

43. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a network node, cause the network node to: configure one or more first groups of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons within a first radius around an estimated location of at least one mobile device to transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate; and configure one or more second groups of ESL beacons outside the first radius and within a second radius around the estimated location of the at least one mobile device to transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate.

44. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 43, wherein: ESL beacons of each of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons are onboarded into the one or more first groups of ESL beacons based on physical proximity of the ESL beacons to each other, and ESL beacons of each of the one or more second groups of ESL beacons are onboarded into the one or more second groups of ESL beacons based on physical proximity of the ESL beacons to each other.

45. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 44, wherein: the ESL beacons of each of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons are on a same first shelf, in a same first aisle, or in a same first section of aisle, and the ESL beacons of each of the one or more second groups of ESL beacons are on a same second shelf, in a same second aisle, or in a same second section of aisle. 42 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO 46. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 43, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the network node, cause the network node to: configure one or more third groups of ESL beacons outside the second radius to transmit third beacon signals at a third beaconing rate, wherein the second beaconing rate is higher than the third beaconing rate.

47. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 46, wherein: the first beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon, where T_beacon is a full beacon rate, the second beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon / p1, where p1 is an intermediate beacon rate, and the third beaconing rate is represented as T_beacon / p2, where p2 is a background beacon rate.

48. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 47, wherein: configure the one or more first groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more first groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon, configure the one or more second groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more second groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon and p1, and configure the one or more third groups of ESL beacons comprises configuring the one or more third groups of ESL beacons with T_beacon and p2.

49. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 43, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the network node, cause the network node to: receive the estimated location from the at least one mobile device, wherein the estimated location indicates a presence of the at least one mobile device within a wireless communication range of one or more ESL beacons of the one or more first groups of ESL beacons. 43 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO 50. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 43, wherein the estimated location of the at least one mobile device is determined based, at least in part, on one or more ESLs transmitting beacon signals at a second beaconing rate lower than the first beaconing rate.

51. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 43, wherein the network node is a central management entity or a wireless access point.

52. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: obtain a plurality of received signal strength indication (RSSI) measurements of a corresponding plurality of electronic shelf label (ESL) beacons, wherein a first subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit first beacon signals at a first beaconing rate, wherein a second subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit second beacon signals at a second beaconing rate, and wherein the first beaconing rate is higher than the second beaconing rate; and report, to a network node, the plurality of RSSI measurements and identifiers of the plurality of ESL beacons or a first position of the UE determined based on the plurality of RSSI measurements and locations of the plurality of ESL beacons.

53. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 52, wherein: a third subset of ESL beacons of the plurality of ESL beacons transmit third beacon signals at a third beaconing rate, and the third beaconing rate is lower than the first beaconing rate.

54. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 53, wherein the third beaconing rate is lower than the second beaconing rate.

55. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 52, wherein each subset of the plurality of ESL beacons is on a same shelf, in a same aisle, or in a same section of aisle. 44 QC2305672WOQualcomm Ref. No.2305672WO 56. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 52, wherein the network node is a central management entity or a wireless access point. 45 QC2305672WO

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