A method for anesthetizing and / or sedating a subject with reduced risk of tdp
Cipepofol administration addresses the risk of QT interval prolongation in anesthetic agents by providing a safer alternative with reduced cardiac arrhythmia risk, offering rapid onset and recovery for surgical and intensive care applications.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/093014
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-02-28
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing anesthetic agents like propofol pose a risk of prolonging the QT interval, leading to increased susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmias such as Torsades de pointes (TdP), necessitating a method to administer Cipepofol with a shorter QT interval or reduced risk of TdP.
Administering an effective dose of Cipepofol, a single-configuration chiral compound with enhanced drug-receptor binding properties, via various methods including single doses, multiple doses, continuous administration, or target-controlled infusion, to achieve sedation and anesthesia while minimizing QT interval prolongation.
Cipepofol administration results in a shorter QT interval, reducing the risk of TdP and cardiac arrhythmias, with rapid onset and recovery, and lower incidence of adverse events compared to propofol, suitable for pediatric and adult patients undergoing surgeries and intensive care procedures.
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Abstract
Description
A METHOD FOR ANESTHETIZING AND / OR SEDATING A SUBJECT WITH REDUCED RISK OF TDPFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] Disclosed herein is a method for anesthetizing and / or sedating a subject with shorter QT interval or reduced risk of TdP or lower risk of cardiac arrhythmias, said method comprising administering an effective dose of Cipepofol the subject.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Cipepofol is a drug developed by Xizang Haisco Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. to be used for sedation / anesthesia induction and maintenance. The primary mechanism of action for Cipepofol is to increase chloride ion influx through the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subtype A (GABAA) -mediated ion channels to achieve central nervous system (CNS) depression. The active ingredient of the drug, Cipepofol, possesses a new structure that is analogous to propofol.
[0003] Cipepofol is a single-configuration chiral compound with R-designated chiral center. Cipepofol has been engineered such that the structural design aims to enhance the pharmacological and physicochemical properties of drug-receptor binding in a systematic manner. These structural improvements result in increased potency, therefore a smaller amount of drug required, less injection-site pain, and may reduce the occurrence of adverse events (AE) caused by propofol.
[0004] The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) E14 recommends that a thorough QT study (TQT study) be conducted in healthy subjects for non-antiarrhythmic drugs in order to evaluate the effects of drugs on QT / QTc intervals in order to determine whether further studies on the effects on QT / QTc intervals are needed in patient populations at later stages of drug development. The QT interval is a measurement of the total duration ventricular depolarization and repolarization, (measured from the beginning of QRS complex to the end of the T wave) . QT prolongation is a marker for delayed cardiac repolarization, which creates a cardiac electrophysiological environment associated with an increased risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias, most commonly torsade de pointes (TdP) . Because prolongation of the QT / QTc interval is the ECG finding associated with the increased susceptibility to these arrhythmias, an adequate investigation of the safety of pharmaceutical agent should include rigorous characterization of its effects on the QT / QTc interval. A shorter QT interval is important for sedative agents like propofol and Cipepofol because it indicates a lower risk of cardiac arrhythmias, specifically Torsades de pointes (TdP) . In addition to reducing the risk of TdP, a shorter QT interval is important for ensuring the safety of sedation and monitoring cardiac health.
[0005] There is a need to provide a method of administering Cipepofol with shorter QT interval or reduced risk of TdP or lower risk of cardiac arrhythmias.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The invention has been completed based on nonclinical and clinical data with Cipepofol.
[0007] Disclosed herein is a method for anesthetizing and / or sedating a subject with shorter QT interval or reduced risk of TdP or lower risk of cardiac arrhythmias, said method comprising administering an effective dose of Cipepofol to the subject.
[0008] In some embodiments, said method produces shorter QT interval. In some embodiments, said method produces reduced risk of TdP. In some embodiments, said method produces lower risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
[0009] In some embodiments, said method is applicable for sedation and anesthesia in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, sedation and anesthesia in non-endotracheal intubation surgeries / procedures, and sedation during mechanical ventilation in intensive care.
[0010] In some embodiments, said method is applicable for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.
[0011] In some embodiments, the subject is pediatric patient of less than approximately 18 years old. In some embodiments, the subject is an adult patient of older than approximately 18 years old.
[0012] In some embodiments, the subject is scheduled for elective surgery induction of general anesthesia for inducing general anesthesia in the induction phase. In some embodiments, the subject is scheduled for elective surgery requiring endotracheal intubation.
[0013] In some embodiments, Cipepofol is administered at an effective dose of from the range of 0.2 mg / kg to 15.0 mg / kg, 0.2 mg / kg to 10.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 12.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 10.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 8.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 6.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 5.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 4.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 3.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 2.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 1.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 0.8 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 0.6 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 0.5 mg / kg, or from 0.2 mg / kg to 0.3 mg / kg.
[0014] In some embodiments, Cipepofol is administered via a single dose, multiple doses, continuous administration, or target-controlled infusion.
[0015] In some embodiments, Cipepofol is administered through IV slow injection over a period of 25 to 35 seconds at an initial dose of 0.4 mg / kg before the surgery during the induction stage.
[0016] In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering Cipepofol at a top-up dose of 0.2 mg / kg through IV slow injection.
[0017] In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering the subject an effective amount of a first agent selected from analgesic, sedative or hypnotics during the pre-induction stage.
[0018] In some embodiments, the first agent used in the pre-induction stage is administered at a dose of 0.35 to 2 mcg / kg or 25 to 200 mcg / subject.
[0019] In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering the subject an effective amount of a second anesthetic during the maintenance stage.
[0020] In some embodiments, the first agent used in the pre-induction stage is different from Cipepofol. In some embodiments, the first agent used in the pre-induction stage is fentanyl, midazolam, sufentanil, ketamine, sodium thiopental, sodium hydroxybutyrate, etomidate, diazepam, flunitrazepam, clonazepam, estazolam, clonazolam, flunitrazolam, lormetazepam, methohexital, butyrophenone, midazolam, dexmedetomidine, droperidol, chlorpromazine, barbital, phenobarbital, pentobarbital, amobarbital, secobarbital, or sodium thiopental, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above. In some embodiments, the first agent used in the pre-induction stage is fentanyl.
[0021] In some embodiments, the second anesthetic is used for maintenance of general anesthesia upon the completion of endotracheal intubation.
[0022] In some embodiments, the second anesthetic used in the maintenance stage is different from Cipepofol. In some embodiments, the second anesthetic used in the maintenance stage is inhalational anesthetic agent. In some embodiments, the second anesthetic used in the maintenance stage is sevoflurane, isoflurane, enflurane, desflurane, halothane, anesthetic ether, methoxyflurane or nitrous oxide. In some embodiments, the second anesthetic used in the maintenance stage is propofol, or fospropofol sodium.
[0023] In some embodiments, the second anesthetic used in the maintenance stage is Cipepofol.
[0024] In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering an anesthesia adjuvant selected from anticholinergics, muscle relaxants, antiemetics, local anesthetics, or analgesics during the preinduction stage and / or the maintenance stage. In some embodiments, the anesthesia adjuvant is administered at a dose selected from 0.01mg / kg to 15.0mg / kg, 0.01mg / kg to 10.0mg / kg, 0.01mg / kg to 5.0mg / kg, 0.01mg / kg to 2.0mg / kg, or 0.01mg / kg to 1.0mg / kg. In some embodiments, the anticholinergic is selected from atropine or scopolamine or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above; the muscle relaxant is selected from vecuronium, rocuronium, pancuronium, pipecuronium, mivacurium, succinylcholine, or cisatracurium or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above. Vecuronium, rocuronium, pancuronium, or pipecuronium or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above, are preferred; the antiemetic is selected from tropisetron, palonosetron, granisetron, dolasetron, scopolamine, droperidol, or metoclopramide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above. Tropisetron or scopolamine or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above, are preferred; the local anesthetic is selected from lidocaine, ropivacaine, bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, articaine, or dyclonine or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above. Lidocaine or ropivacaine or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above, are preferred; the analgesic is selected from fentanyl, remifentanil, sufentanil, alfentanil, morphine, pethidine, dexmedetomidine, butorphanol, hydrocodone, or nefopam or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above. Fentanyl, remifentanil, sufentanil, alfentanil, or pethidine or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above, are preferred. Fentanyl or remifentanil or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above, are more preferred.
[0025] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS ABBREVIATIONS
[0026] QT: The time from start of the Q wave to the end of the T wave
[0027] QTc: Corrected QT interval
[0028] CV system: Cardiovascular system
[0029] Example 1: Nonclinical Studies
[0030] Example 1a: Effects of Cipepofol on hERG by Manual Patch-Clamp Electrophysiology
[0031] The concentration-effect relationship of Cipepofol at concentrations of 0.6, 2, 6 and 20μM on hERG (human ether-a-go-go related gene) potassium channel (IKr, cardiac rapid activation delayed rectifier potassium current) currents stably expressed in CHO cell lines in vitro was studies in Example 1a. Different concentrations of Cipepofol were used to contact hERG potassium channel currents stably expressed in CHO cell lines in accordance with the conventional assay.
[0032] Results showed that 4 independent cells per test article group were tested, no precipitate was visually detected, and the IC50 value of Cipepofol on hERG potassium channel was higher than 16.15 μM (actual concentration of working solution after perfusion in 20 μM group) .
[0033] Example 1b: Effect of Cipepofol on Action Potentials in Rabbit Purkinje Fiber
[0034] The potential effects of Cipepofol (6, 20, or 60 μM) and propofol (30, 100, or 300 μM) on action potentials were assessed in rabbit cardiac Purkinje fibers at frequency cycle lengths of 2000 ms, 1000 ms, and 600 ms.
[0035] Results showed that both Cipepofol and propofol had no significant effect on resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude, and maximum rate of depolarization. Both drugs shortened action potential duration at 50% (APD50) by about 24%and 41%, respectively, at the highest concentration. Shortening of APD was concentration-dependent but not frequency-dependent, indicating that shortened action potentials of Cipepofol are mainly manifested during Phase II within the effective concentration range, and that Cipepofol has a significantly smaller effect compared with propofol. The shortening of action potential duration in Phase II may be caused by Cipepofol’s blocking of the L-type calcium channel.
[0036] Example 1c: Effect on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems of Dogs
[0037] The potential effect of Cipepofol on the CV and respiratory systems was assessed in Beagle dogs (given telemetry implants) given an IV injection of Cipepofol at 0 (normal saline) , 1, 2, or 4 mg / kg, in a double Latin square design. QT interval, QTcF, PR interval, RR interval, QRS duration, QRS voltage, Tp-e interval, ST segment voltage, heart rate (HR) , mean arterial pressure, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, pulse pressure difference, respiratory rate, tidal volume and body temperature were continually monitored from 3 to 5.5 h pre-dose to 8 h post-dose. Statistical analysis and evaluation were performed on the above indicators.
[0038] Anesthetic reactions were observed within 1 h post-dose at 1, 2, and 4 mg / kg of Cipepofol. The animals recovered consciousness at 9-30 min, 18-33 min, and 24-43 min post-dose, respectively. When Cipepofol was given, statistically significant transient changes in some parameters of ECG, BP, respiration, and body temperature occurred compared with normal saline.
[0039] Heart rates at 2 and 4 mg / kg were accelerated in a dose-dependent manner, various BP indexes were lowered, and the corresponding RR interval was shortened. Changes in tidal volume of animals in each dose group was only statistically significant 2 min post-dose. No statistically significant changes were observed at other time points and there were no trended changes. Body temperatures of animals in each dose group exhibited a decreasing trend within 1 h post-dose.
[0040] No trended changes were observed in ECG parameters (QRS voltage, Tp-e interval, and respiratory rate) . Results of separate and combined analysis of male and female animals were consistent; thus, there was no gender specificity. No statistically significant differences were observed between the various indicators at 1 to 8 h post-dose (animal regained consciousness) and the corresponding indicators at the same times with normal saline. In addition, no trended changes were observed, thus indicating that the different doses of Cipepofol had no residual effect on the animals. The above abnormal indexes were mild and transient during anesthesia.
[0041] Example 1d: Effect on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems of Dogs (Compared with Propofol)
[0042] Beagle dogs (2 males and 2 females, prepared for telemetry) were given IV administrations of Cipepofol (2 mg / kg) , propofol medium and long chain fat emulsion injection (10 mg / kg) , or vehicle control (normal saline) in a Latin crossover design with at least one day between doses. Evaluated parameters (ECG, BP, and body temperature) were continuously monitored from about 3.5 h pre-dose to about 6 h post-dose. Anesthetic effect and PK parameters were analyzed, and functional characteristics of Cipepofol and propofol were compared.
[0043] At the same time points, no trend of change was observed in the ECG parameters (QRS voltage and Tp-e interval) in animals treated with Cipepofol or propofol as compared with the vehicle control. Statistically significant transient changes in ECG, BP, respiration, and body temperature occurred with Cipepofol or propofol compared with the vehicle control. No trend of changes occurred in any parameter at 1 to 3 h post-dose for Cipepofol or propofol compared with the vehicle control. In conclusion, Cipepofol showed a significantly lower effect on the CV system as compared with propofol. Details are provided in Table 1.
[0044] Table 1 Maximum Changes in Cardiovascular Parameters (%) and Their Corresponding Time Points
[0045] ↓ = decrease; ↑ = increase; NA = not applicable.
[0046] Δ%= [ (b1-b0) - (a1-a0) ] / a1 x 100, where bl denotes the value at Cipepofol / propofol post-dose time point, b0 denotes value at Cipepofol / propofol pre-dose time point, a1 denotes corresponding value at normal saline post-dose time point, and a0 denotes value at normal saline pre-dose time point.
[0047] Example 2: Clinical studies
[0048] Example 2a: Phase I-III clinical studies
[0049] As of August 5, 2023, 27 Phase I-III clinical studies have been completed for Cipepofol. The completed indications include gastrointestinal endoscopy (Marketed) , induction of general anesthesia (Marketed) , fiberoptic bronchoscopy (Marketed) , induction and maintenance of general anesthesia (Marketed) , and Sedation during mechanical ventilation during intensive care (Marketed) . Sedation and anesthesia in gynecological outpatient surgery (Marketed) . In the US and EU, the currently planned indication is induction of general anesthesia.
[0050] Among the 27 completed studies, a total of 1370 subjects were exposed to Cipepofol, including 286 healthy subjects, 16 subjects with hepatic impairment, 20 subjects with renal impairment, 236 subjects who underwent colonoscopy, 15 subjects who underwent gastroscopy, 446 subjects who underwent induction of general anesthesia for elective surgery, 135 subjects undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy, 126 subjects undergoing mechanical ventilation in ICU, and 90 subjects undergoing gynecology outpatient surgery. Results showed that Cipepofol exhibited quick onset and rapid regaining of consciousness, and had approximately 5 times the potency of propofol. The types of drug-related AE in subjects exposed to Cipepofol were consistent with those in subjects exposed to propofol. Cardiovascular-related AEs including bradycardia, and prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) with Cipepofol were comparable to those with propofol. However, incidences of hypotension, injection-site pain and respiratory-related AEs (respiratory depression, apnea, and hypoxia) , and the proportion of subjects requiring assistance in ventilation were slightly lower with Cipepofol than propofol, and the pain at the injection site was significantly lower than that in the propofol group.
[0051] a) Pharmacokinetics (PK) of Cipepofol
[0052] After a single IV dose of Cipepofol given in 1 minute to healthy adult Chinese / Australian participants at 0.128-0.9 mg / kg, exposure level and peak plasma concentration increased approximately in a dose-proportional manner. The plasma concentration of Cipepofol was characterized by three-phase elimination, with corresponding half-lives of 0.537 minutes (0.11-1.34 minutes) (t1 / 2, α) , 6.26 minutes (3.97-10.2 minutes) (t1 / 2, β) , and 105 minutes (38.3-279 minutes (t1 / 2, γ) , similar to propofol.
[0053] For healthy Australian participants with continuous infusion (0.288 mg / kg bolus + 1 mg / kg / h infusion; 0.540 mg / kg bolus + 2 mg / kg / h infusion) , the concentration of Cipepofol after a 1-minute bolus injection fell rapidly to the level comparable to that after a 30-minute IV infusion, and rapidly achieved a near steady-state level, with the average plasma “apparent steady state” levels at 900 and 1400ng / mL, respectively. When the dose increased by 2 times, mean Cmax and AUCo-inf both increased by approximately 1.6 times, and the terminal half-lives of the 2 dose groups were approximately 497 min and 439 min, respectively.
[0054] In Phase I clinical study with Cipepofol, for healthy Chinese subjects infused with Cipepofol continuously for 4 and 12 h, no significant accumulation of Cipepofol was found. The primary PK parameters Cmax and AUC of Cipepofol showed a proportional increase with the increasing dose, while the parameters such as CL, Vss, and Vd showed no dose dependence. The duration of sedation effect was proven to be prolonged with the increasing administration time and exposure of Cipepofol.
[0055] The CYP2B6 inducer, rifampicin, had no significant effect on the PK profiles of Cipepofol.
[0056] b) Overview of Safety of Cipepofol Injectable Emulsion in Humans
[0057] Five hundred and seventy-eight (578) subjects exposed to Cipepofol had drug-related AEs out of a total of 1370 subjects (42.2%, 578 / 1370) . Most of the AEs in subjects exposed to Cipepofol were mild to moderate, and very few were severe. These AEs resolved without treatment or after simple treatment. No subjects withdrew due to Cipepofol-related AEs, and no drug-related serious adverse events (SAEs) developed in the subjects exposed to Cipepofol. Drug-related AEs reported in ≥ 1%of subjects in the pooled Cipepofol group included hypotension (20.1%) , bradycardia (7.3%) , injection-site pain (4.7%) , dyskinesia (2.1%) , dizziness (2.1%) , respiratory depression (2.0%) , hypoxia (2.1%) , prolonged QT interval of ECG (1.50%) , vomiting (1.2%) , blood pressure increased (1.2%) , blood pressure decreased (1.1%) , apnoea (1.1%) , nausea (1.0%) . The incidences of injection site pain, hypotension, dizziness, and respiratory-related adverse events (respiratory depression, apnea, and hypoxia) , and the proportion of subjects requiring assisted ventilation were lower with Cipepofol than propofol. The incidence of all drug-related AE is detailed in Table 2.
[0058] Table 2 Pooled Safety Summary of Drug-Related AEs (Cipepofol Group>1%)
[0059] c) 2.4.3. Cipepofol Clinical Cardiac Safety
[0060] A pooled retrospective cardiodynamic evaluation of 5 studies (Cipepofol-101, Cipepofol-109, Cipepofol-202, Cipepofol SAD_02, and Cipepofol SAD_03) was performed to evaluate the effects of Cipepofol on QTc and other ECG parameters. Three of these studies evaluated the effects of single doses of Cipepofol (or active comparator propofol) in healthy participants, while Cipepofol-202 evaluated a bolus of Cipepofol or propofol in subjects undergoing general anesthesia prior to surgery, and Cipepofol SAD_03 evaluated the effects of a bolus of Cipepofol followed by a 30-minute continuous infusion in healthy participants. Twelve-lead ECGs were collected in each study at pre-specified timepoints prior to dosing and post dose at up to 24 hours. The primary ECG objective was to evaluate the effect of Cipepofol on the QTc interval corrected for HR using the Fridericia method (QTcF) using a concentration-QTc analysis (primary analysis) .
[0061] Cipepofol-101 and pooled Cipepofol-101, Cipepofol-109, Cipepofol SAD_02, and Cipepofol SAD_03 studies were selected for the concentration-QTc analyses. Since study Cipepofol-202 was conducted in subjects rather than healthy participants, data from this trial were not included in the pooled concentration-QTc analysis.
[0062] Cipepofol had a clinically relevant effect on HR (increase) across all studies, with similar effects also observed for participants on propofol. In Cipepofol-109, the highest HR increases with both Cipepofol and propofol were observed at 1-minute post-dose, ranging up to 14.6 bpm for Cipepofol 0.6 and 0.4 mg / kg boluses, up to 18.4 bpm for propofol 3.0 and 2.0 mg / kg boluses, and up to 26.7 bpm for a Cipepofol 0.540 mg / kg bolus followed by a 30 minute continuous infusion at 2 mg / kg / h. The HR subsequently decreased across dose groups and, by 8 minutes to 24 hours post-dose, ranged from -5.6 to 4.8 bpm on Cipepofol treatments and -7.2 to 6.3 bpm on propofol treatments. These effects on HR are as expected for anesthetic agents -a rapid increase in HR immediately following a bolus (due to the compensatory response to immediate vasodilatation and drop in blood pressure) followed by a slow decline in HR due to reduced sympathetic tone from sedation.
[0063] In the pooled analysis of studies Cipepofol-101, Cipepofol-109, Cipepofol SAD_02, and Cipepofol SAD_03, the concentration-QTc model demonstrated a positive slope for the relationship between Cipepofol plasma concentration and ΔQTcF. The concentrate on-QTc model predicted effects were highest for the Cipepofol bolus of 0.540 mg / kg plus 2 mg / kg / h infusion (mean ΔQTcF 14.2 ms; 90%UCI 18.5 ms; geometric mean Cmax 8314 ng / mL) and for the Cipepofol bolus of 0.810 mg / kg (mean ΔQTcF 13.8 ms; 90%UCI 17.9 ms; geometric mean Cmax 7947 ng / mL) . The model predicted that the 90%UCI for ΔQTcF would be crossed at a Cmax of 3230 ng / mL.
[0064] The by-timepoint analyses for all 5 trials generally demonstrated a peak QTcF increase of 10-15 ms nearly immediately following a bolus of either Cipepofol or propofol. In general, the magnitude of QTc increase was similar for both Cipepofol and propofol. The largest QTcF increase observed was 25.5 ms for the Cipepofol 0.540 mg / kg bolus plus 2 mg / kg / h infusion cohort. There were signs of a dose dependence in 3 of the 5 studies (Cipepofol-202, Cipepofol SAD_02, and Cipepofol SAD_03) , but not in Cipepofol-101, Cipepofol-109. The joint plots of plasma concentration and ΔQTcF over time showed that the time course of QTc increase did not match the time course of plasma concentration (hysteresis) . In the 4 trials that included single boluses of Cipepofol, plasma concentrations of Cipepofol fell very rapidly after the completion of the bolus, while ΔQTcF also rose very rapidly but did not consistently decline in parallel with Cipepofol plasma concentration, often remaining elevated for up to several hours after the bolus.
[0065] Example 2b: Studies on healthy subjects
[0066] A Randomized, Positive and Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Effects of Cipepofol Administration on Cardiac Repolarization in Healthy Subjects
[0067] Primary Study Objective:
[0068] To assess the effects of a single IV bolus of Cipepofol single dose on cardiac repolarization (QTc interval of the electrocardiogram) for healthy subjects.
[0069] Secondary Study Objective:
[0070] To assess the effects of a single IV bolus of Cipepofol on other ECG parameters in healthy subjects (relative to a moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablet positive control and to placebo) .
[0071] To demonstrate assay sensitivity of the study using oral moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablet 0.4 g single dose as a positive control.
[0072] To evaluate the safety and tolerability of a single IV bolus of Cipepofol in healthy subjects.
[0073] To evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of Cipepofol and its metabolites (if applicable) after a single IV bolus of Cipepofol for healthy subjects
[0074] This is a single-center, randomized, blinded (except moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablet) , placebo and positive controlled study with a 6-sequence, three-period crossover design in healthy subjects. A blinded design is used for administration of Cipepofol and placebo, and an open label design is used for moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablet.
[0075] Investigational Product
[0076] Study Drug:
[0077] Cipepofol, Generic name: Ciprofol injection, strength: 20 mL: 50 mg / vial; method of administration: 0.4 mg / kg, IV bolus administration, the time of administration is 30 (±5) seconds.
[0078] Placebo:
[0079] Cipepofol simulator, strength: 20 mL / vial; method of administration: IV bolus administration, the time of administration is 30 (±5) seconds.
[0080] Positive Control:
[0081] Moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablet, strength: 0.4 g / tablet; method of administration: 0.4 g, Oral administration with 240 mL of warm water on an empty stomach.
[0082] Study Duration
[0083] This clinical study is planned to last approximately 39 days, including a screening period of 19 days, baseline period and observation period of proximately 14 days (Three periods, washout period of 5 to 7 days between periods) , and safety follow-up (7 (±1) day after the last dose) of 1 day.
[0084] Sample Size
[0085] Forty eight (48) subjects will be enrolled in this study, with the expectation that at least 42 evaluable subjects will have data from all treatment periods.
[0086] Study Population
[0087] Inclusion Criteria:
[0088] Subjects are eligible for inclusion in the study when only all of the following inclusion criteria are met:
[0089] 1. Ability to understand and comply with protocol requirements and is willing voluntarily sign written informed consent form (ICF) .
[0090] 2. Healthy participants at age from 18 to 45 years old (inclusive) at Screening.
[0091] 3. Male body weight ≥50 kg, female body weight ≥45 kg, with a body mass index BMI of 19~28 kg / m2 (inclusive) .
[0092] 4. Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) ≥50%.
[0093] Exclusion Criteria:
[0094] Subjects will be excluded from the study if they meet any of the following criteria:
[0095] 1. Past or present clinically significant systemic disease as judged by the Investigator including, but not limited to psychiatric, neurologic, pulmonary, respiratory, cardiac, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, renal, hepatic, metabolic, endocrinologic, hematological, or autoimmune disorders.
[0096] 2. History of allergy to egg or egg products, soybean or soy products.
[0097] 3. History of significant hypersensitivity, intolerance, or allergy to any drug compound, food, or other substance. History of allergy to Cipepofol or moxifloxacin or its investigational product excipients, or history of specific allergies (asthma, urticaria, eczema, etc. ) , or history of tendinitis or tendon rupture due to moxifloxacin or any other quinolone drug.
[0098] 4. Clinically significant infection / injury / disease within 1 month prior to dosing.
[0099] 5. Current or recent (< 6 months from screening) hepatobiliary disease.
[0100] 6. Current or past history of seizure disorder, including alcohol-or stimulant-related seizure, febrile seizure, or significant family history of idiopathic seizure disorder.
[0101] 7. Family history of sudden death at <50 years of age.
[0102] 8.History of unexplained loss of consciousness, unexplained syncope, unexplained irregular heartbeats or palpitations, clinically significant head injury.
[0103] 9. Pre-existing condition interfering with normal gastrointestinal anatomyor motility, hepatic and / or renal function, or conditions that could interfere with the absorption, metabolism, and / or excretion of study drug (e.g., history of bariatric surgery or intestinal bypass surgery; simple uncomplicated appendectomies and hernia repairs are allowed, but cholecystectomy is not allowed) .
[0104] 10. Positive test results for hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C antibody, treponema pallidum antibody, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigen / antibody combination test.
[0105] 11. Subjects with previous or suspected difficult airway (e.g., modified Mallampti score III-IV, congenital microglossia, mandibular dysplasia) , or respiratory insufficiency, history of obstructive pulmonary disease, history of asthma, sleep apnea syndrome; history of failed tracheal intubation; history of bronchospasm requiring treatment within 3 months prior to screening; acute respiratory infection, and with obvious symptoms such as fever, wheezing, nasal congestion or cough within 1 week prior to baseline.
[0106] 12. Knowledge of any kind of cardiovascular disorder / condition / procedure known to increase the possibility of QT prolongation or history of risk factors for torsade de pointes (e.g., heart failure, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, congenital Long QT syndrome, or family history of Long QT Syndrome.
[0107] 13. Laboratory tests at screening or baseline judged clinically significant by the investigator, including, but not limited to, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) >1.2 × upper limit of normal (ULN) (the upper limit of the reference range at screening or baseline) , direct bilirubin > ULN (congenital nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia [e.g., suspicion of Gilbert’s syndrome based on total and direct bilirubin] is not acceptable) , creatine kinase (CK) > ULN (one repeat test allowed) , thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) outside normal range (0.75 to 5.6 mIU / L) , serum potassium outside normal range (3.5 to 5.3 mmol / L) .
[0108] 14. Rest sitting vital sign results abnormal and clinically significant at screening or baseline, ear temperature outside normal range, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, heart rate (HR) < 55 beats / min or > 100 beats / min (test can be repeated once according to investigator's judgment) .
[0109] 15. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) below 95%at baseline.
[0110] 16. Abnormal 12-lead ECG at screening or baseline (any test abnormality) , including any of the following:
[0111] a) QTcF > 450 ms
[0112] b) QRS > 110 ms
[0113] c) PR > 200 ms
[0114] d) Second or third-degree AV block
[0115] e) Any rhythm other than sinus rhythm of clinical significance.
[0116] 17. Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) < 90 mL / min (estimated using MDRD equation) .
[0117] 18. Participation in another clinical study of an investigational drug (or medical device) within 3 months (or 5 half-lives, whichever is longer) prior to dosing, or previous participation in any other clinical trial related to Cipepofol.
[0118] 19. Donation of blood within 3 months prior to screening, plasma within 2 weeks prior to screening, platelets within 6 weeks prior to screening, or receive blood products within 2 months prior to admission to the investigational site.
[0119] 20. Sperm and egg donation program from screening period to 90 days after study end.
[0120] 21. Pregnant or lactating women or those with positive pregnancy test results. Male or female subjects of childbearing potential do not agree to use an effective method of contraception from the time of signing ICF until 90 days after leaving the investigational site after the last dose (see Appendix 6 for details of specific contraceptive methods)
[0121] 22. Use or intend to use any medications / products known to alter drug absorption, metabolism, or elimination processes, including St. John’s wort, within 30 days prior to dosing or during the clinical trial.
[0122] 23. Use or intend to use of any prescription, nonprescription, vitamin, herbal, or nutraceutical within 14 days prior to dosing or during the clinical trial.
[0123] 24. Smoking (≥ 5 cigarettes per day) within 6 months prior to screening, or inability to quit smoking during the trial.
[0124] 25. Positive alcohol breath test, or regular drinking within 6 months prior to dosing or during the trial, i.e. drinking more than 21 units (men) or 14 units (women) of alcohol per week (1 unit =360 mL beer or 45 mL spirits or 150 mL wine at 40%alcohol) .
[0125] 26. Positive urine drug abuse screening (morphine, tetrahydrocannabinol, methamphetamine, methylenedioxyamphetamine, ketamine) , or history of drug abuse, drug dependence within 6 months prior to screening, or drug use within 3 months prior to screening.
[0126] 27. Subjects who tested positive for COVID-19 during screening.
[0127] 28. Eating fruits or foods affecting metabolic enzymes, such as grapefruit (citrus) , pomelo, etc., within 7 days prior to screening; and not abstaining from the above beverages, fruits or foods during the study period.
[0128] 29. Previous chronic excessive consumption (more than 8 cups per day, 1cup =250 mL) of tea, coffee or caffeinated beverages, or intake of caffeine and / or purine-rich foods or beverages (e.g. coffee, tea, chocolate, caffeinated carbonated beverages, cola, etc. ) within 48 hours prior to screening, or refusal to stop drinking tea, coffee and / or caffeinated beverages during the trial.
[0129] 30. Performing or unwilling to refrain from strenuous physical activity, which could cause muscle aches or injury, including contact sports, at any time from 3 days prior to dosing through the end-of-study visit.
[0130] 31. Subjects who are compulsorily detained (involuntarily incarcerated) for treatment of either a psychiatric or physical disease (e.g., infectious disease) .
[0131] 32. Any condition or situation that, in the opinion of the investigator, would prevent proper evaluation of the safety or efficacy of the study drug according to the study protocol (e.g., poorly compliant subject, poorly vascular condition, allergies to medical plastics / latex) .
[0132] Study Procedures
[0133] Subjects must sign an ICF in writing on a voluntary basis before participating in the screening process.
[0134] Forty eight (48) subjects who meet all inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria will be randomized in equal proportion to one of 6 dosing sequences (see Table 3 for dosing sequences) , and the study procedure consists of 3 periods, with washout period of 5-7 days between periods. Each dosing sequence contained any of the 3 treatment components:
[0135] · A: Placebo (Cipepofol simulator) (Negative control) ;
[0136] · B: moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablet 0.4g (Positive control) ; and
[0137] · C: Cipepofol0.4 mg / kg (Study drug) .
[0138] Holter collection, PK blood sample collection and safety examinations shall be completed after the subjects participate in the clinical trial.
[0139] Holter collection and PK blood sample collection time points are detailed in Section 1.4.
[0140] Safety examinations: vital signs, physical examinations, 12-lead ECG, clinical laboratory tests (blood routine, urine routine, blood biochemistry (excluding serum electrolytes) , coagulation function, thyroid function, serum electrolytes, pregnancy test) , adverse events (AE) , concomitant drugs and concomitant non-drug therapy observation and recording, etc.
[0141] Endpoints
[0142] Primary Endpoint:
[0143] The primary endpoint of this clinical trail is the change-from-baseline in QTc interval, corrected for HR using the individual QT correction method (QTcI) –ΔQTcI.
[0144] Secondary Endpoints:
[0145] Secondary endpoints for this clinical trial include:
[0146] · Change-from-baseline HR, QTcF, PR, and QRS intervals (ΔHR, ΔQTcF, ΔPR, and ΔQRS) , which will be used as the dependent variable for calculation of model-derived ΔΔHR, ΔΔQTcF, ΔΔPR, and ΔΔQRS for the by-time point analysis, respectively.
[0147] · Categorical outliers for QTcI, QTcF, HR, PR, and QRS intervals.
[0148] · Treatment-emergent changes in ECG morphology.
[0149] · Incidence of AE and serious adverse events (SAE) .
[0150] · Plasma concentration and PK parameters of Cipepofol and its metabolites (if applicable) .
[0151] Statistical Methods: Detailed statistical analyses are described in the Statistical Analysis Plan. Analysis Population:
[0152] ITT Analysis Set (ITT) All randomized subjects. The ITT will be used for analyses of demographic and baseline characteristics.
[0153] ECG Analysis Set (ECGS)
[0154] All randomized subjects who have received at least 1 investigational product (Cipepofol, moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablet, or placebo) and had centrally reviewed cardiodynamic ECG measurements at baseline as well as on treatment with at least 1 post-dose time point with a valid change-from-baseline value for at least 1 ECG parameter. The ECGS will be used for the by-time point, categorical, and morphological analyses of ECG parameters.
[0155] · Safey Set (SS)
[0156] All randomized subjects who received at least one investigational product (Cipepofol, moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablet, or placebo) and have post-dose safety evaluation results.
[0157] · Pharmacokinetics Concentration Analysis Set (PKCS)
[0158] All randomized subjects who have received Cipepofol and have at least one valid plasma concentration data after administration during the trial.
[0159] · Pharmacokinetic Parameter Analysis Set (PKPS)
[0160] All randomized subjects who received Cipepofol and have at least one evaluable PK parameter during the trial. Those excluded from PKPS include: a) those who affect PK parameter results due to serious protocol violations or whose parameters cannot be estimated; b) those whose pre-dose concentration is> 5%of Cmax; c) those who have concomitant medications during the trial and have an impact on PK parameters.
[0161] Cardiac ECG Analysis
[0162] By-Time Point Analysis (Primary Analysis)
[0163] A by-timepoint analysis of Cipepofol effects on HR, PR, QRS, and QTc (QTcI and QTcF) will be performed, with the by-time point analysis for QTcI as the primary analysis.
[0164] Assay Sensitivity (Secondary Analysis)
[0165] The analysis to show assay sensitivity will be based on ΔQTcI interval of moxifloxacin. The same model will be used as described for the primary analysis (by-time point analysis) .
[0166] Categorical Outlier Analysis (Secondary Analysis)
[0167] Results for categorical outliers will be summarized in frequency tables with counts and percentages for both number of participants and number of time points. Participant data will be summarized using the count of distinct participants that fall into the category and the percentage of the total number of participants. Timepoint data will be summarized using the count of timepoints at which the assessments fall into the category and the percentage of the total number of timepoints at which assessments are performed.
[0168] Morphological Analysis (Secondary Analysis)
[0169] Morphological analysis will be performed based on the ECG waveform interpretation determined by the central ECG laboratory’s cardiologist. Changes from baseline to the post-dose ECGs will be evaluated for each treatment group.
[0170] All findings will be presented in the ECG listings.
[0171] Safety Analysis
[0172] Safety analysis includes the occurrence of AEs, abnormalities in physical examinations, vital signs, 12-lead ECG and clinical laboratory tests (blood routine, blood biochemistry (excluding serum electrolytes) , urine routine, coagulation function, thyroid function and serum electrolytes) .
[0173] Adverse events will be coded using MedDRA and will be summarized by system organ class (SOC) and the preferred term (PT) , respectively.
[0174] The cases, number and incidence of AEs will be calculated according to different investigational products.
[0175] Descriptive statistics of changes from baseline in laboratory tests, physical examinations, vital signs, and 12-lead ECG for the most severe clinical evaluation results after dosing will be performed in the form of a crosstabulation pre-and post-dosing (based on normal ranges and / or investigator's judgment of clinical significance) .
[0176] Pharmacokinetic Analysis
[0177] Pharmacokinetic parameter calculations and statistical analyses will be performed using WinNonlin8.3 or later and SAS 9.4 or later. PK parameters of Cipepofol and its metabolites (if applicable) in humans will be calculated using a non-compartmental model.
[0178] Conclusions
[0179] The Last Patient Inclusion of this study was completed in May 2024. All 48 subjects in this trial received a single dose of Cipepofol, moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablet, and placebo. All subjects completed the dose prescribed by the protocol except for 1 subject, who had occurred infusion pump mechanical failure in period 2 (D6) , resulting in the dose not being administered as required by the protocol. The main conclusions are as follows:
[0180] · ECG Conclusions
[0181] There was no clinically significant effect of Cipepofol on cardiac repolarization. The LS mean placebo-corrected change-from-baseline QTcI (ΔΔQTcI) was below 5 ms across all post-dose time points and the upper bound of the 2-sided 90%confidence interval for ΔΔQTcI remained <10 ms at all post-dose time points.
[0182] Assay sensitivity was confirmed by the expected QTc increase following moxifloxacin 400 mg.
[0183] Cipepofol has no clinically relevant effects on other ECG parameters.
[0184] · Pharmacokinetic Conclusions
[0185] Upon receiving an IV bolus of 0.4mg / kg Cipepofol within 30±5 seconds for healthy subjects, the Cipepofol venous Cmax was rapidly achieved at around 0.0169h, with the geometric mean Cmax of 2220 ng / mL, and a geometric mean AUC0-∞ of 251 h*ng / mL.
[0186] · Safety Conclusions
[0187] Cipepofol 0.4 mg / kg IV bolus or oral moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablet 0.4 g was safe and well tolerated in healthy subjects, with no SAEs, and no TEAEs of Grade 3 and higher. There was no dose reduction or interruption, no drug permanent withdrawn, no study discontinuation, and no death reported in the study.
Claims
1.A method for anesthetizing and / or sedating a subject with shorter QT interval or reduced risk of TdP or lower risk of cardiac arrhythmias, said method comprising administering an effective dose of Cipepofol to the subject.2.The method of claim 1, wherein said method is applicable for sedation and anesthesia in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, sedation and anesthesia in non-endotracheal intubation surgeries / procedures, and sedation during mechanical ventilation in intensive care.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is pediatric patient of less than approximately 18 years old, or an adult patient of older than approximately 18 years old.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is scheduled for elective surgery induction of general anesthesia for inducing general anesthesia in the induction phase.5.The method of claim 1, wherein Cipepofol is administered at an effective dose of from the range of 0.2 mg / kg to 15.0 mg / kg, 0.2 mg / kg to 10.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 12.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 10.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 8.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 6.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 5.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 4.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 3.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 2.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 1.0 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 0.8 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 0.6 mg / kg, from 0.2 mg / kg to 0.5 mg / kg, or from 0.2 mg / kg to 0.3 mg / kg.6.The method of claim 1, wherein Cipepofol is administered via a single dose, multiple doses, continuous administration, or target-controlled infusion.7.The method of claim 1, wherein Cipepofol is administered through IV slow injection over a period of 25 to 35 seconds at an initial dose of 0.4 mg / kg before the surgery during the induction stage.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises administering Cipepofol at a top-up dose of 0.2 mg / kg through IV slow injection.9.The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises administering the subject an effective amount of a first agent selected from analgesic, sedative or hypnotics during the pre-induction stage.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the first agent used in the pre-induction stage is administered at a dose of 0.35 to 2 mcg / kg or 25 to 200 mcg / subject.11.The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises administering the subject an effective amount of a second anesthetic during the maintenance stage.12.The method of claim 9, wherein the first agent used in the pre-induction stage is different from Cipepofol.13.The method of claim 9, wherein the first agent used in the pre-induction stage is fentanyl, midazolam, sufentanil, ketamine, sodium thiopental, sodium hydroxybutyrate, etomidate, diazepam, flunitrazepam, clonazepam, estazolam, clonazolam, flunitrazolam, lormetazepam, methohexital, butyrophenone, midazolam, dexmedetomidine, droperidol, chlorpromazine, barbital, phenobarbital, pentobarbital, amobarbital, secobarbital, or sodium thiopental, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above.14.The method of claim 11, wherein the second anesthetic is used for maintenance of general anesthesia upon the completion of endotracheal intubation.15.The method of claim 11, wherein the second anesthetic used in the maintenance stage is inhalational anesthetic agent.16.The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises administering an anesthesia adjuvant selected from anticholinergics, muscle relaxants, antiemetics, local anesthetics, or analgesics during the preinduction stage and / or the maintenance stage.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the anesthesia adjuvant is administered at a dose selected from 0.01mg / kg to 15.0mg / kg, 0.01mg / kg to 10.0mg / kg, 0.01mg / kg to 5.0mg / kg, 0.01mg / kg to 2.0mg / kg, or 0.01mg / kg to 1.0mg / kg.18.The method of claim 16, wherein the anticholinergic is selected from atropine or scopolamine or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above; the muscle relaxant is selected from vecuronium, rocuronium, pancuronium, pipecuronium, mivacurium, succinylcholine, or cisatracurium or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above; Vecuronium, rocuronium, pancuronium, or pipecuronium or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above, are preferred; the antiemetic is selected from tropisetron, palonosetron, granisetron, dolasetron, scopolamine, droperidol, or metoclopramide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above; Tropisetron or scopolamine or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above, are preferred; the local anesthetic is selected from lidocaine, ropivacaine, bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, articaine, or dyclonine or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above; Lidocaine or ropivacaine or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above, are preferred; the analgesic is selected from fentanyl, remifentanil, sufentanil, alfentanil, morphine, pethidine, dexmedetomidine, butorphanol, hydrocodone, or nefopam or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above; Fentanyl, remifentanil, sufentanil, alfentanil, or pethidine or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above, are preferred; and Fentanyl or remifentanil or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the above, are more preferred.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Phenol derivative and preparation method and use in medicine thereof
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