Fusion polypeptides and preparation method and use thereof
A dual-target fusion polypeptide targeting GLP-1R and GHR addresses the limitations of single-pathway obesity treatments by simultaneously modulating multiple hormonal pathways, effectively regulating energy balance and reducing obesity-related risks.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/095049
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-06-20
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-20
AI Technical Summary
Current obesity treatments primarily target single hormonal pathways, failing to effectively regulate body energy balance and reduce obesity, as obesity is a multifactorial disease influenced by various hormones.
Development of a dual-target fusion polypeptide combining GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) fragments to simultaneously modulate multiple hormonal pathways, utilizing GLP-1 polypeptides and growth hormone proteins or variants thereof, with specific sequence homologies and mutations for enhanced efficacy.
The dual-target fusion polypeptide provides a comprehensive approach to regulate body energy balance, offering potential for significant weight loss and reducing obesity-related risks, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
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Figure CN2025095049_20112025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Fusion polypeptides and preparation method and use thereofTechnical field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fusion polypeptides, and specifically relates to a dual-target fusion polypeptide and its preparation method and application.
[0002] Background technology
[0003] Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease that results in an increase in body mass due to the accumulation of excessive body fat and / or abnormal distribution of body fat under the influence of a variety of factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental factors, lack of exercise, and poor diet.
[0004] In recent years, high body mass index (BMI) has been associated with 4 million deaths globally, accounting for 7.1%of all-cause deaths. A Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study published by the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) in 2017 the that as of 2015, a total of 107.7 million children and 603.7 million adults suffered from obesity. The Report on Nutrition and Chronic Disease Situation of Chinese Residents (2020) shows that the overweight and obesity rate of Chinese adult residents exceeds 50%, and the overweight and obesity rate of urban and rural residents of all age groups continues to rise. Numerous studies have confirmed that obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes (T2D) , chronic kidney disease, and malignant tumours, and that individuals with a BMI of 30-34.9 kg / m2 have an increased risk of total mortality of more than 40%when compared to normal-weight individuals, and that the relative mortality rate of individuals with a BMI of more than 40 kg / m2 has increased to 100%(Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 21: 201-223, 2022) .
[0005] Over the past few decades, developments in enteroglucagon biology and the success of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors have spawned a series of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist-based weight loss drugs (Expert Opin Drug Discov. 8 (6) : 655-671, 2013) .
[0006] Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that mammals regulate body energy balance through far more than one hormone, so drugs that target multiple hormonal pathways simultaneously are needed to regulate the body and reduce obesity.Summary of the Invention
[0007] The present invention relates to a fusion polypeptide for dual-targeted therapy combining a first and a second functional fragment which target the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and the growth hormone receptor (GHR) , respectively. Also provided are methods for the design, preparation and application of the fusion polypeptide.
[0008] The first aspect of the present invention provides a fusion polypeptide, the fusion polypeptide comprising a first fragment and a second fragment, wherein the first fragment and the second fragment are fused together at a fusion site.
[0009] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the first fragment comprises a GLP-1 polypeptide or a variant thereof, and the second fragment comprises a growth hormone (GH) protein or a variant thereof. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the first fragment is a GLP-1 polypeptide or a variant thereof, and the second fragment is a growth hormone (GH) protein or a variant thereof.
[0010] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GLP-1 polypeptide variant is a protein sequence that is at least 80%homologous to a human GLP-1 sequence, e.g., a sequence that is at least 80%homologous, 81%homologous, 82%homologous, 83%homologous, 84%homologous, 85%homologous, 86%homologous, 87%homologous, 88%homologous, or 89%homologous, 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to a human GLP-1 sequence. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GLP-1 polypeptide variant is a protein sequence that is 100%homologous to a human GLP-1 sequence. In some embodiments, the human GLP-1 sequence is the human GLP-1 (7-37) sequence. The human GLP-1 (7-37) sequence is given by SEQ ID NO: 504.
[0011] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GLP-1 polypeptide variant is a protein sequence that is at least 90%homologous to a mouse, rat, porcine, bovine, ovine, monkey, or canine GLP-1 sequence, such as a sequence that is at least 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homology to the sequence. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GLP-1 polypeptide variant is a protein sequence that is 100%homologous to a mouse, rat, porcine, bovine, ovine, sheep, monkey or canine GLP-1 sequence.
[0012] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a human GH2 protein. In some embodiments, the human GH2 protein is selected from human 20 kDa GH2 and human 22 kDa GH2. The human 20 kDa GH2 sequence is given by SEQ ID NO: 500. The human 22 kDa GH2 sequence is given by SEQ ID NO: 501. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a human GH1 protein. In some embodiments, the human GH1 protein is selected from human 20 kDa GH1 and human 22 kDa GH1. The human 20 kDa GH1 sequence is given by SEQ ID NO: 502. The human 22 kDa GH1 sequence is given by SEQ ID NO: 503.
[0013] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the second fragment comprises a GH protein variant. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein variant is a protein sequence that is at least 90%homologous to a human GH2 sequence, such as a sequence that is at least 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to a human GH2 sequence. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein variant is a protein sequence that is 100%homologous to a human GH2 sequence. In some embodiments, the human GH2 sequence is selected from human 20 kDa GH2 and human 22 kDa GH2.
[0014] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein variant is a protein sequence that is at least 90%homologous to a mouse, rat, porcine, bovine, ovine, ovine, monkey, or canine GH2 sequence, such as a sequence that is at least 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to the sequence. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein variant is a protein sequence that is 100%homologous to a mouse, rat, porcine, bovine, sheep, monkey or canine GH2 sequence.
[0015] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the second fragment comprises a GH protein variant. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein variant is a protein sequence that is at least 90%homologous to a human GH1 sequence, such as a sequence that is at least 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to a human GH1 sequence. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein variant is a protein sequence that is 100%homologous to a human GH1 sequence. In some embodiments, the human GH1 sequence is selected from human 20 kDa GH1 and human 22 kDa GH1.
[0016] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein variant is a protein sequence that is at least 90%homologous to a mouse, rat, porcine, bovine, ovine, ovine, monkey, or canine GH1 sequence, such as a sequence that is at least 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to the sequence. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein variant is a protein sequence that is 100%homologous to a mouse, rat, porcine, bovine, sheep, monkey or canine GH1 sequence.
[0017] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GLP-1 polypeptide is a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) comprising one, two or three sequence mutations selected from A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G.
[0018] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GLP-1 polypeptide is a variant of a human GLP-1 sequence comprising a sequence mutation. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GLP-1 polypeptide is a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) comprising the sequence mutation A8G. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GLP-1 polypeptide is a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) comprising the sequence mutation A8V. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GLP-1 polypeptide is a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) comprising the sequence mutation G22E. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GLP-1 polypeptide is a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) comprising the sequence mutation R36G.
[0019] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GLP-1 polypeptide is a variant of a human GLP-1 sequence comprising two sequence mutations. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GLP-1 polypeptide is a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) comprising the sequence mutations A8G and G22E. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GLP-1 polypeptide is a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) comprising the sequence mutations A8G and R36G. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GLP-1 polypeptide is a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) comprising the sequence mutations A8V and R36G. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GLP-1 polypeptide is a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) comprising the sequence mutations G22E and R36G.
[0020] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GLP-1 polypeptide is a variant of a human GLP-1 sequence comprising three sequence mutations. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GLP-1 polypeptide is a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) comprising the sequence mutations A8G, G22E, and R36G. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GLP-1 polypeptide is a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) comprising the sequence mutations A8V, G22E, and R36G.
[0021] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is:
[0022] a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising one or more sequence mutations selected from R49A, D156A or D156H, K157A and F161A;
[0023] a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising one or more sequence mutations selected from R64A, D171A or D171H, K172A and F176A;
[0024] a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising one or more sequence mutations selected from R49A, D156A or D156H, K157A and F161A; or
[0025] a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising one or more sequence mutations selected from R64A, D171A or D171H, K172A and F176A.
[0026] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of a human GH sequence comprising a sequence mutation.
[0027] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutation R49A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutation D156A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutation D156H. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutation K157A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutation F161A.
[0028] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutation R64A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutation D171A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutation D171H. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutation K172A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutation F176A.
[0029] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutation R49A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutation D156A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutation D156H. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutation K157A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutation F161A.
[0030] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutation R64A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutation D171A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutation D171H. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutation K172A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH1 protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutation F176A.
[0031] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of a human GH sequence comprising two sequence mutations.
[0032] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R49A and D156A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R49A and D156H. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R49A and K157A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R49A and F161A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations D156A and K157A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations D156A and F161A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations D156H and K157A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations D156H and F161A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations K157A and F161A.
[0033] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R64A and D171A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R64A and D171H. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R64A and K172A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R64A and F176A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations D171A and K172A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations D171A and F176A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations D171H and K172A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations D171H and F176A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations K172A and F176A.
[0034] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R49A and D156A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R49A and D156H. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R49A and K157A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R49A and F161A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations D156A and K157A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations D156A and F161A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations D156H and K157A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations D156H and F161A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations K157A and F161A.
[0035] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R64A and D171A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R64A and D171H. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R64A and K172A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R64A and F176A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations D171A and K172A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations D171A and F176A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations D171H and K172A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations D171H and F176A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations K172A and F176A.
[0036] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of a human GH sequence comprising three sequence mutations.
[0037] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R49A, D156A and K157A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R49A, D156A and F161A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R49A, D156H, and K157A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R49A, D156H, and F161A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R49A, K157A, and F161A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations D156A, K157A, and F161A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations D156H, K157A, and F161A.
[0038] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R64A, D171A and K172A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R64A, D171A and F176A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R64A, D171H, and K172A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R64A, D171H, and F176A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R64A, K172A, and F176A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations D171A, K172A, and F176A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations D171H, K172A, and F176A.
[0039] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R49A, D156A and K157A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R49A, D156A and F161A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R49A, D156H, and K157A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R49A, D156H, and F161A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R49A, K157A, and F161A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations D156A, K157A, and F161A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations D156H, K157A, and F161A.
[0040] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R64A, D171A and K172A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R64A, D171A and F176A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R64A, D171H, and K172A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R64A, D171H, and F176A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R64A, K172A, and F176A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations D171A, K172A, and F176A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations D171H, K172A, and F176A.
[0041] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of a human GH sequence comprising four sequence mutations.
[0042] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R49A, D156A, K157A, and F161A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R49A, D156H, K157A, and F161A.
[0043] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R64A, D171A, K172A, and F176A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the sequence mutations R64A, D171H, K172A, and F176A.
[0044] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R49A, D156A, K157A, and F161A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R49A, D156H, K157A, and F161A.
[0045] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R64A, D171A, K172A, and F176A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the sequence mutations R64A, D171H, K172A, and F176A.
[0046] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of a human GH sequence comprising one, two, three or four sequence mutations.
[0047] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising sequence mutations at positions 49, 156, 157, and / or 161. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising sequence mutations R49X, D156X, K157X, and / or F161X, wherein X is any amino acid. In some embodiments, X is an aliphatic amino acid selected from G, A, V, L and I or a basic amino acid selected from H, K and R. In some embodiments, X is an amino acid selected from A and H.
[0048] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising sequence mutations at positions 64, 171, 172, and / or 176. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising sequence mutations R64X, D171X, K172X, and / or F176X, wherein X is any amino acid. In some embodiments, X is an aliphatic amino acid selected from G, A, V, L and I or a basic amino acid selected from H, K and R. In some embodiments, X is an amino acid selected from A and H.
[0049] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising sequence mutations at positions 49, 156, 157, and / or 161. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising sequence mutations R49X, D156X, K157X, and / or F161X, wherein X is any amino acid. In some embodiments, X is an aliphatic amino acid selected from G, A, V, L and I or a basic amino acid selected from H, K and R. In some embodiments, X is an amino acid selected from A and H.
[0050] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising sequence mutations at positions 64, 171, 172, and / or 176. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising sequence mutations R64X, D171X, K172X, and / or F176X, wherein X is any amino acid. In some embodiments, X is an aliphatic amino acid selected from G, A, V, L and I or a basic amino acid selected from H, K and R. In some embodiments, X is an amino acid selected from A and H.
[0051] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising a sequence mutation selected from L86C, R18C and N84C. The sequence mutation selected from L86C, R18C and N84C may be in combination with any of the sequence mutations of human 20 kDa GH2 disclosed herein.
[0052] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising a sequence mutation selected from L101C, R18C, N99C, Y35C and Y42C. The sequence mutation selected from L101C, R18C, N99C, Y35C and Y42C may be in combination with any of the sequence mutations of human 22 kDa GH2 disclosed herein. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of the 22 kDa human GH2 sequence comprising a sequence mutation selected from L101C, R18C, N99C and Y42C. The sequence mutation selected from L101C, R18C, N99C and Y42C may be in combination with any of the sequence mutations of human 22 kDa GH2 disclosed herein.
[0053] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising a sequence mutation selected from L86C, H18C and N84C. The sequence mutation selected from L86C, H18C and N84C may be in combination with any of the sequence mutations of human 20 kDa GH1 disclosed herein.
[0054] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising a sequence mutation selected from L101C, H18C, N99C, Y35C and Y42C. The sequence mutation selected from L101C, H18C, N99C, Y35C and Y42C may be in combination with any of the sequence mutations of human 22 kDa GH1 disclosed herein. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of the 22 kDa human GH1 sequence comprising a sequence mutation selected from L101C, H18C, Y42C and N99C. The sequence mutation selected from L101C, H18C, N99C and Y42C may be in combination with any of the sequence mutations of human 22 kDa GH1 disclosed herein.
[0055] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising an L86C mutation. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising an R18C mutation. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising an N84C mutation.
[0056] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising an L101C mutation. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising an R18C mutation. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising an N99C mutation. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising an Y35C mutation. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising an Y42C mutation.
[0057] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising an L86C mutation. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising an H18C mutation. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising an N84C mutation.
[0058] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising an L101C mutation. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising an H18C mutation. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising an N99C mutation. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising an Y35C mutation. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising an Y42C mutation.
[0059] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising a sequence mutation selected from (i) L86C, R18C, and N84C, and one or more sequence mutations selected from (ii) R49A, D156A or D156H, K157A, and F161A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, when the variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprises an L86C, R18C, or N84C mutation, the Cys residue of the L86C, R18C, or N84C mutation is covalently attached to a fatty acid.
[0060] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising a sequence mutation selected from (i) L101C, R18C, N99C, Y35C and Y42C, and one or more sequence mutations selected from (ii) R64A, D171A or D171H, K172A, and F176A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, when the variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprises an L101C, R18C, N99C, Y35C or Y42C mutation, the Cys residue of the L101C, R18C, N99C, Y35C or Y42C mutation is covalently attached to a fatty acid. In some embodiments, the mutation in (i) is selected from L101C, R18C, N99C and Y42C.
[0061] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising a sequence mutation selected from (i) L86C, H18C, and N84C, and one or more sequence mutations selected from (ii) R49A, D156A or D156H, K157A, and F161A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, when the variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprises an L86C, H18C, or N84C mutation, the Cys residue of the L86C, H18C, or N84C mutation is covalently attached to a fatty acid.
[0062] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising a sequence mutation selected from (i) L101C, H18C, N99C, Y35C and Y42C, and one or more sequence mutations selected from (ii) R64A, D171A or D171H, K172A, and F176A. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, when the variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprises an L101C, H18C, N99C, Y35C or Y42C mutation, the Cys residue of the L101C, H18C, N99C, Y35C or Y42C mutation is covalently attached to a fatty acid. In some embodiments, the mutation in (i) is selected from L101C, H18C, N99C and Y42C.
[0063] Covalent attachment of a fatty acid (which may also be referred to as a fatty diacid) to a Cys residue includes direct and indirect attachment. For example, the fatty acid may be attached to the Cys residue by reacting the terminal COOH with a reactive group on the protein (an example of direct attachment) , or the fatty acid may be attached the protein by a linking group (an example of indirect attachment) . Various linking groups are known in the art.
[0064] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the fatty acid is a C16 to C22 fatty acid, such as a C16, C17, C18, C19, C20, C21 or C22 fatty acid. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the fatty acid is a C16, C18, or C20 fatty acid. The skilled person will also be aware of other fatty acids of different lengths and different modification characteristics. In some embodiments, the linker and fatty acid together have a structure given by:
[0065] where *represents the point of attachment of the linking group to the Cys residue.
[0066] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from: SEQ ID NO: 1 -SEQ ID NO: 468.
[0067] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 1 -SEQ ID NO: 140. In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 and the fusion polypeptide has the sequence given by SEQ ID NO: 141. In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 or human 22 kDa GH2 and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 139 and 141. In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 139. In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs 3, 4 and 139. In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs 4 and 139. In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide has the sequence given by SEQ ID NO 4.
[0068] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 or human 22 kDa GH1 and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs 142, 466, 467 and 468. In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs 466 and 468.
[0069] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fusion site further comprises a splice sequence. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the fusion site further comprises a linker sequence. In some embodiments, the linker sequence is a flexible linker sequence.
[0070] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the flexible linker sequence comprises a (GGGGS) nA sequence, a (GGGS) nA sequence, a (SGGGG) nA sequence, or a (SGGG) nA sequence, wherein n=2-10. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the flexible linker sequence comprises a (GGGGS) n sequence, a (GGGS) n sequence, a (SGGGG) n sequence, or a (SGGG) n sequence, wherein n=2-10. In some such embodiments, n = 3. In some embodiments, the flexible linker sequence comprises a (GGGS) nA sequence and n = 2-3. In some such embodiments, n = 3.
[0071] The second aspect of the present invention provides a polynucleotide encoding the fusion polypeptide according to the first aspect.
[0072] The third aspect of the present invention provides an expression vector comprising the polynucleotide according to the second aspect.
[0073] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a host cell expressing the polynucleotide according to the second aspect and / or comprising the expression vector according to the third aspect.
[0074] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the host cell is selected from bacteria, yeast or mammalian cells. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the host cell is a bacterium, such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinobacteria, and the like.
[0075] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the host cell is a yeast, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Picrospermum, Pichia pastoris, Hansenula polymorpha, Coccidioides, and the like. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the host cell is a mammalian cell, such as HeLa, HK293, BHK, CHO cells, NS0 cells, SF9 cells, and the like.
[0076] The fifth aspect of the present invention provides a method of producing a fusion polypeptide according to the first aspect, the method comprising culturing the host cells according to the fourth aspect, isolating the fusion polypeptide from the culture, and purifying the fusion polypeptide.
[0077] The sixth aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the fusion polypeptide according to the first aspect, and a pharmaceutical excipient, diluent or carrier.
[0078] The seventh aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating obesity comprising administering to a subject the fusion polypeptide according to the first aspect, or the pharmaceutical composition according to the sixth aspect. Also provided herein is a non-therapeutic method of weight loss, comprising administering to a subject the fusion polypeptide according to the first aspect, or the pharmaceutical composition according to the sixth aspect.
[0079] The eighth aspect of the present invention provides the use of the fusion polypeptide according to the first aspect, or the pharmaceutical composition according to the sixth aspect, in the manufacture of a medicament. In some embodiments, the medicament is for weight loss or for treating obesity.
[0080] The ninth aspect of the present invention provides the fusion polypeptide according to the first aspect, or the pharmaceutical composition according to the sixth aspect, for use in therapy. In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide according to the first aspect, or the pharmaceutical composition according to the sixth aspect, is for use in the treatment of obesity.
[0081] The tenth aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a GLP-1 receptor agonist and a growth hormone receptor agonist. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0082] In some embodiments, the growth hormone receptor agonist is selected from growth hormone, growth hormone analogues and small molecule compounds. In some embodiments, the growth hormone is selected from: human 20 kDa GH1 and human 22 kDa GH1. In some embodiments, the growth hormone analogue is a variant of a human growth hormone selected from: human 20 kDa GH2, human 22 kDa GH2, human 20 kDa GH1 and human 22 kDa GH1.
[0083] In some embodiments, the growth hormone analogue is selected from somapacitan, somatropin, somatrogon and (apolyethylene glycol LAGH, PEG-LAGH) .
[0084] In some embodiments, the GLP-1 receptor agonist being selected from GLP-1, GLP-1 analogues and small molecule compounds. In some embodiments, the GLP-1 analogue is a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) . In some embodiments, the GLP-1 analogue is selected from Exenatide, Abirutide (Albiglutide) , Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Semaglutide and Tirzepatide.
[0085] In some embodiments, the GLP-1 receptor agonist is a GLP-1 analogue and the growth hormone receptor agonist is a growth hormone analogue.
[0086] In some embodiments, the ratio of the GLP-1 receptor agonist and growth hormone receptor agonist is 1: 1-2500.
[0087] Also provided is a method of preparing a pharmaceutical composition comprising a GLP-1 receptor agonist, a growth hormone receptor agonist and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0088] Also provided is a pharmaceutical cartridge comprising the pharmaceutical composition according to the tenth aspect.
[0089] Also provided is a method of treating obesity comprising administering the pharmaceutical composition according to the tenth aspect to a subject. Also provided is a method of treating obesity comprising co-administering a GLP-1 receptor agonist and a growth hormone receptor agonist to a subject.
[0090] Also provided is a use of the pharmaceutical composition according to the tenth aspect in the manufacture of a medicament. In some embodiments, the medicament is for weight loss or for treating obesity.
[0091] Also provided is a pharmaceutical composition according to the tenth aspect for use in therapy. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition according to the tenth aspect is for use in the treatment of obesity.
[0092] Also provided is non-therapeutic method of losing weight, the method comprising administering to a subject the fusion polypeptide according to the first aspect, or the pharmaceutical composition according to the tenth aspect. Throughout the present disclosure, any discussion of features in relation to treatment of obesity are explicitly also disclosed in the context of non-therapeutic weight loss.
[0093] Definitions
[0094] Human glucagon-like peptide-1 (hGLP-1)
[0095] GLP-1 is an enteroglucagon (incretin) secreted by intestinal L-cells after eating. Its main action is to activate GLP-1 receptors in pancreatic islets to increase insulin secretion in a glucose concentration-dependent manner, lowering postprandial blood glucose and inhibiting glucagon secretion. In addition, GLP-1 can act on the hypothalamic centre to produce appetite suppression and delay gastric emptying.
[0096] The above physiological roles of GLP-1 have made it a highly desirable drug molecule for the treatment of diabetes and obesity from a very early stage (Physiol Rev 87: 1409-39, 2007; J Clin Invest 127: 4217-4227, 2017) . However, since natural GLP-1 molecules are degraded soon after secretion and have a short half-life (1-2 minutes) , their suitability as drugs is limited. A variety of long-acting GLP-1 analogues, also known as GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) , are known. These include GLP-1 peptides modified through amino acid sequence mutations and / or long-chain macromolecular modifications, and their half-life has been significantly extended.
[0097] Several GLP-1 drugs have been approved for clinical use in the treatment of diabetes and obesity (Mol Metab 46: 101102, 2021) . At the end of 2014, liraglutide became the first GLP-1R agonist approved for the treatment of obesity, with one year of dosing leading to an average weight loss of 8% (Drug Des Devel Ther. 9: 1867-75, 2015) . In 2021, semaglutide was approved for chronic weight management in adults who are obese or overweight. After 68 weeks of treatment, it can lead to about 15%weight loss (N Engl J Med. 384 (11) : 989-1002, 2021; Lancet 392: 637-649, 2018) , which is significantly better than liraglutide.
[0098] Energy metabolism and metabolic homeostasis in the human body are regulated by the synergistic action of multiple hormones. Therefore, dual-or triple-targeted single-molecule fusion polypeptides targeting GLP-1R, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor (GIPR) , and glucagon receptor (GCGR) are also being clinically tested (Cell Metabolism 34: 59-74 &34: 1234-1247, 2022; Peptide 161: 170939, 2023) , of which Tirzepatide, a dual-targeted single-molecule fusion peptide of GIPR / GLP-1R, has been approved for the treatment of diabetes in 2022 and for the treatment of obesity in 2023 (Expert Opinion, "The Glucagon Receptor" , Expert Opin Pharmacother 24 (5) : 587-597, 2023; JAMA 330 (20) : 2000-2015, 2023) . Results from phase I clinical studies of LY3437943, a GIP / GCG / GLP-1 triple agonist administered once weekly to patients with T2D, showed that after 12 weeks of treatment weight loss was more significant in the LY3437943 group compared to dulaglutide (Lancet. 27: S0140-6736 (22) 02033-5, 2022) .
[0099] The most common adverse effects of GLP-1 analogues are gastrointestinal adverse effects, manifested as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and bloating. Moreover, GLP-1 analogues only weakly promote lipolysis in white adipocytes (Endocrinology 152 (11) : 4072-4079, 2011) and thus have the undesirable consequence of lowering lipids in obese patients with a corresponding loss of muscle by reducing energy intake (Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 10.187-194, 2017) .
[0100] Human growth hormone (hGH)
[0101] Human growth hormone (hGH) is a peptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, which plays a key role in human growth and development and fat metabolism by activating the GH receptor, which promotes protein synthesis, inhibits fat synthesis and promotes its breakdown.
[0102] The term “human growth hormone” refers primarily to the 22 kDa human pituitary growth hormone (hGH-N, also known as GH1) expressed and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. During pregnancy, the placenta also expresses and secretes a 22 kDa human placental growth hormone (hGH-V, also known as GH2) . In addition, through mRNA variant shearing, the anterior pituitary and the placenta each produce a 20 kDa growth hormone, 20 kDa hGH-N (about 10%of total hGH-N) and 20 kDa hGH-V (present only in some pregnant women and at very low levels) . The major human growth hormone, 22 kDa hGH-N, acts on the growth hormone receptor (GHR) to stimulate protein synthesis, cell proliferation, and differentiation, either directly or indirectly through up-regulation of IGF-1, which in turn promotes the growth of tissues, organs, and the body. At the same time, activated GHR inhibits lipid synthesis, stimulates white adipocyte triglyceride cleavage and fatty acid oxidative metabolism in liver, muscle and adipocytes and promotes fat consumption, resulting in a decrease in body fat, especially visceral fat content. Thus, 22 kDa hGH-N has been used clinically for the treatment of growth hormone deficiency and the promotion of body growth for more than half a century (Nat Rev Endocrinol 14 (5) : 285-300, 2018) .
[0103] Human placental growth hormone (hGH-V) is also known as human GH2. In this application, the 20 kDa and 22 kDa forms of human placental growth hormone (hGH-V) may also be referred to as human 20 kDa GH2 and human 22 kDa GH2, respectively. Human pituitary growth hormone (hGH-N) is also known as human GH1. In this application, the 20 kDa and 22 kDa forms of human pituitary growth hormone (hGH-N) may also be referred to as human 20 kDa GH1 and human 22 kDa GH1, respectively.
[0104] The use of recombinant human GH for the treatment of obesity is one of the research directions in the treatment of obesity. It is believed that GH can improve the body composition of obese patients, increase lean tissue, and reduce fat mass, especially visceral fat mass. A meta-analysis (META) on the effects of GH on obese adults showed that GH could reduce visceral fat, increase lean tissue mass, and improve lipid metabolism without causing changes in body mass (J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 94 (1) : 130-7, 2009) . However, there are no growth hormone analogues available for weight loss indications.
[0105] Lactogenic Effect
[0106] Human growth hormone, in addition to binding growth hormone receptors, is known to bind prolactin receptors (PRLR) . Prolactin is a hormone which plays in role in, amongst other things, lactation and breast development. Binding of growth hormone to PRLR results in activation PRLR, which is known to lead to unwanted side effects such as breast development in males undergoing GH treatment. These side effects are a well-known drawback of traditional growth hormone drugs.
[0107] Long chain fatty acid
[0108] In the present application, the term “long chain fatty acid” refers to fatty acids comprising a long carbon chain, typically containing 12 or more carbon atoms. These fatty acids may be saturated, unsaturated or polyunsaturated and may have different carbon chain lengths and substituents, such as methyl, ethyl, etc. Long-chain fatty acids play important physiological and metabolic roles in living organisms, e.g., as components of cell membranes, energy storage and metabolic regulation.
[0109] Fatty acid modification
[0110] In the present application, the terms “fatty acid modification” , "fatty chain modification" or "aliphatic chain modification" refer to the process of altering the properties and functions of proteins by covalently linking fatty acid chains to protein molecules. These terms may be used interchangeably. Fatty acid modification increases the lipophilicity, stability, and intracellular residence time of proteins that bind to plasma albumin, thereby extending their half-life in the body. This modification is usually achieved by covalent acylation, such as acylation at specific sites of the protein, wherein the fatty acid chain forms ester or amide bonds with specific residues of the protein. Fatty acid modification on cysteine is a common modification, usually achieved by covalent acylation. In some embodiments of the present invention, a fatty acid is covalently attached to the fusion polypeptide.
[0111] In some embodiments, a terminal bromoacetamide-modified long-chain fatty acid may be used to react with a sulfhydryl (i.e. thiol) group of a GH protein or GH protein variant, such as via a sulfhydryl (i.e. thiol) group of a free cysteine residue, to form an amide covalent bond.
[0112] In some embodiments, a fatty acid is covalently attached to the fusion polypeptide via the GH protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising a L86C, R18C, or N84C mutation, and the fatty acid is covalently attached to the GH protein via the Cys residue of the L86C, R18C, or N84C mutation. In some embodiments, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising a L101C, R18C, N99C, Y35C or Y42C mutation, and the fatty acid is attached to the GH protein via the Cys residue of the L101C, R18C, N99C, Y35C or Y42C mutation.
[0113] In some embodiments, the GH protein is a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising a L86C, H18C, or N84C mutation, and the fatty acid is covalently attached to the GH protein via the Cys residue of the L86C, H18C, or N84C mutation. In some embodiments, the GH protein is a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising a L101C, H18C, N99C, Y35C or Y42C mutation, and the fatty acid is attached to the GH protein via the Cys residue of the L101C, H18C, N99C, Y35C or Y42C mutation.
[0114] Fatty acid modification (i.e. when the fusion polypeptide is covalently attached to a fatty acid) may enhance the stability of the fusion polypeptide and prolong the half-life in vivo.
[0115] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the fatty acid comprises a C16 to C22 fatty acid chain, such as a C16, C17, C18, C19, C20, C21 or C22 fatty acid chain. The fatty acid may be liner or branched. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the fatty acid is a C16, C17, C18, C19, C20, C21 or C22 fatty acid. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the fatty acid is a C16, C18, or C20 fatty acid. Additionally, other fatty chain lengths and different modification characteristics are known.
[0116] In some embodiments, the fatty acid is attached to the GH protein by a linking group. The linking group is covalently attached to the fatty acid and the linking group is covalently attached to the GH protein (e.g. via a Cys residue) . Suitable linking groups for attaching fatty acids to proteins are known in the art. In some embodiments, the linking group is made up of one or more sub-groups.
[0117] A linear C20 fatty acid has the structure given by:
[0118] wherein *indicates the point of attachment of the fatty acid to the GH protein (e.g. via a Cys residue) or to the linking group.
[0119] In some embodiments, the fatty acid and linking group together have the structure given by:
[0120] where *represents the point of attachment of the linking group to the GH protein (e.g. via a Cys residue) . This fatty acid and linking group may be referred to using the abbreviation C20-G1u-AEEA-PEG3-NH-COCH2-*, where C20 indicates the fatty acid chain length, and Glu (i.e. the amino acid glutamic acid) , AEEA, PEG3 and NH-COCH2 are the sub-groups of the linking group. Suitable linking groups may include combinations of one or more of these sub groups. These sub-groups have the following structures:
[0121] In some embodiments, the fatty acid is covalently attached to the fusion polypeptide by a linking group comprising one or more sub-groups selected from: amino acids, *- (CH2) 2O-*, *-C (O) NH-*and *-NH-C (O) CH2-*. Linking groups may contain more than one instance of the same sub-group. For example, a linking group comprising the *- (CH2) 2O-*sub-group may comprise two adjacent *- (CH2) 2O-*sub-groups (i.e. *- (CH2) 2O- (CH2) 2O-*) , or two separate *- (CH2) 2O-*sub-groups which are not directly attached to one another within the linking group. In some embodiments, the fatty acid is covalently attached to the fusion polypeptide by a linking group comprising one or more sub-groups selected from: Glu, AEEA, PEG3 and NH-COCH2.
[0122] In some embodiments, the fatty acid has the structure given by:
[0123] wherein *indicates the point of attachment of the fatty acid to the GH protein (e.g. via a Cys residue) or to the linking group, and n = 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20. In some embodiments, n = 14, 16 or 18.
[0124] Linker
[0125] A linker is a chain of amino acids that serves as a link between two polypeptides of a fusion polypeptide and is flexible enough to allow the proteins on either side of the linker to fulfil their independent functions. The linker which connects two polypeptides of a fusion polypeptide should not be confused with the linking group described herein, which may connect a fatty acid to the fusion polypeptide.
[0126] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the linker is a flexible linker, generally provided with flexibility by a combination of amino acids without a side chain such as glycine (G) or with a smaller side chain, such as serine (S) , alanine (A) , etc. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the flexible linker has an amino acid sequence that has a flexible effect and can be twisted and bent within a certain range.
[0127] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the sequence of the flexible linker comprises a (GGGGS) nA sequence, a (GGGGS) nA sequence, a (SGGG) nA sequence or a (SGGGG) nA sequence, wherein n= any integer from 2-10, for example n= 2-8, 2-6, 2-4, 4-10, 4-8, 4-6, 6-10, 6-8, or 8-10. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, n= 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. In some embodiments, n = 3. In some embodiments, the sequence of the flexible linker consists of a (GGGGS) nA sequence, a (GGGGS) nA sequence, a (SGGG) nA sequence or a (SGGGG) nA sequence. In some embodiments, the sequence of the flexible linker comprises or consists of a (GGGGS) nA sequence.
[0128] Mutation
[0129] A mutation is a change in the DNA (i.e. the genetic material) of an organism or in the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide or protein. A DNA mutation may be a change in sequence caused by a base substitution of a single base, a DNA insertion, a DNA deletion or a DNA repeat. An amino acid mutation may be a change in the amino acid sequence caused by an amino acid substitution of a single amino acid, an amino acid insertion, an amino acid deletion or an amino acid repeat. Mutations referred to in the present invention refer primarily to site-specific mutations in protein amino acids resulting from changes in the DNA sequence. Base substitution refers to the phenomenon whereby one base pair in a DNA molecule is replaced by another base pair; DNA insertion refers to the insertion of a base sequence or a segment of a base sequence between bases in a DNA molecule; DNA deletion refers to the loss of a segment of a base sequence of a DNA molecule; and DNA duplication refers to the occurrence of a duplication of a segment of a base sequence in a DNA molecule. Amino acid substitution refers to the phenomenon whereby one amino acid in a polypeptide is replaced by another amino acid; amino acid insertion refers to the insertion of an amino acid sequence or a segment of an amino acid sequence between amino acids in a polypeptide; amino acid deletion refers to the loss of a segment of an amino acid sequence of a polypeptide; and amino acid duplication refers to the occurrence of a duplication of a segment of an amino acid sequence in a polypeptide.
[0130] Conservative Modifications
[0131] The term "conservative modifications" means nucleotide and amino acid sequence modifications that do not significantly affect or alter the binding characteristics of an antibody encoded by the nucleotide sequence or comprising the amino acid sequence. Such conservative sequence modifiers include nucleotide and amino acid substitutions, additions and deletions. Modifications can be introduced into the sequence by standard techniques known in the art, such as targeted mutagenesis and PCR-mediated mutagenesis. When "conservative modification" is used in this application with respect to amino acid sequences, it refers to the substitution of one amino acid residue with another amino acid residue of a side chain having similar physicochemical properties. It is known in the art that conservative substitutions generally do not cause significant changes in the conformational structure of proteins and therefore preserve the biological activity of the protein. Families of amino acid residues having similar side chains are known to those of skill in the art. These families include amino acid residues having basic side chains (e.g., lysine, arginine, histidine) , acidic side chains (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid) , uncharged polar side chains (e.g., glycine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, cysteine, tryptophan) , non-polar side chains (e.g., alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine) , beta-branched side chains (e.g., threonine, valine, isoleucine) , and aromatic side chains (e.g., tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine) .
[0132] Homology
[0133] The terms "homology" and "homologous" as used herein are used interchangeably to mean that the nucleic acid sequence (or complementary strand thereof) or the amino acid sequence has at least 70%, at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%) identity to the other sequence, when best matching is performed.
[0134] When "percentage sequence identity" is used for amino acid sequences (or nucleic acid sequences) . It means the percentage of amino acid (or nucleic acid) residues in a candidate sequence that are identical to the amino acid (or nucleic acid) residues in the reference sequence, after sequence comparison and, if necessary, introduction of spacers to maximise the number of identical amino acids (or nucleic acids) , as a percentage of the amino acid (or nucleic acid) residues of the candidate sequence. For the purpose of calculating sequence identity, conservative substitutions of amino acid residues may or may not be considered identical residues. In some examples disclosed herein, conservative substitutions are not considered identical residues. For example, when conservative substitutions are not considered identical residues, a sequence having at least 90%identity with another sequence may comprise up to 10%amino acid variations i.e. no more than 10%conservative and non-conservative substitutions in total. In another example, when conservative substitutions are considered identical residues, a sequence having at least 90%identity with another sequence may comprise up to 10%non-conservative amino acid variations and may further comprise conservative substitutions.
[0135] Sequences may be compared to determine the percentage sequence identity of amino acid (or nucleic acid) sequences by means of tools disclosed in the art, such as BLASTN, BLASTp (National Center for Biotechnology Information website (NCBI) ) , ClustalW2 (European Bioinformatics Institute website) , or ALIGN software. The person skilled in the art may use the default parameters of the tool or adjust the parameters appropriately according to the needs of the comparison, e.g. by picking a suitable algorithm. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the homologous sequences have substantially the same activity as the sequences disclosed herein.
[0136] Fusion polypeptides or fusion proteins comprising 20 kDa GH2 variants
[0137] Fusion polypeptides or fusion proteins are coded by two or more different polypeptide / protein-coding gene sequences that have been genetically engineered to merge into the same gene so that they can be co-expressed in the cell and produce a single protein molecule. These fusion proteins typically contain structural or functional domains of proteins from different sources and may retain the specific function of each protein or may have new or enhanced functions. In the present invention, the terms “fusion polypeptide” and “fusion protein” have the same meaning and may be used interchangeably.
[0138] The first aspect of the present invention provides a fusion polypeptide, the fusion polypeptide for use in dual-targeted therapy. The fusion polypeptide combines a first and a second functional fragment which target the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and the growth hormone receptor (GHR) , respectively. Further aspects of the present invention provide methods of designing, preparing and using the fusion polypeptide of the first aspect.
[0139] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0140] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations A8G or A8V, and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0141] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L86C, R18C, or N84C mutations.
[0142] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0143] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations A8G or A8V, and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0144] 2) Second polypeptide fragment a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L86C, R18C, or N84C mutations.
[0145] 3) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide, e.g. GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to link the two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0146] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0147] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations positions A8G or A8V, and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0148] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising one or more mutations selected from R49A, D156A, D156H, K157A and F161A.
[0149] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0150] 1) First polypeptide fragment: a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations positions A8G or A8V, and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0151] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising one or more mutations selected from R49A, D156A, D156H, K157A and F161A.
[0152] 3) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide, e.g. GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to link the two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0153] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0154] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations at amino acid positions A8G or A8V, and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0155] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the following features:
[0156] (i) a single Cys mutation selected from the L86C, R18C, or N84C, and (ii) one or more mutations selected from R49A, D156A, D156H, K157A and F161A.
[0157] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0158] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations at amino acid positions A8G or A8V, and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0159] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the following features:
[0160] (i) a single Cys mutation selected from the L86C, R18C, or N84C, and (ii) one or more mutations selected from R49A, D156A, D156H, K157A and F161A.
[0161] 3) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide, e.g. GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to link the two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0162] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0163] 1) N-terminal protected peptide –the N-terminal of the fusion polypeptide comprises specific recognition sequences, e.g. SUMO enzyme-specific recognition sequences, such as the protective peptide sequence given by SEQ ID NO: 497. These sequences are used to enhance the expression stability of the fusion polypeptide and to release the N-terminal sequences after cleavage to avoid the effect of the initiating methionine.
[0164] 2) First functional polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations A8G or A8V, and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity, G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0165] 3) Second functional polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L86C, R18C or N84C mutations.
[0166] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0167] 1) N-terminal protected peptide –the N-terminal of the fusion polypeptide comprises specific recognition sequences, e.g. SUMO enzyme-specific recognition sequences, such as the protective peptide sequence given by SEQ ID NO: 497. These sequences are used to enhance the expression stability of the fusion polypeptide and to release the N-terminal sequences after cleavage to avoid the effect of the initiating methionine.
[0168] 2) First functional polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations A8G or A8V, and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity, and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0169] 3) Second functional polypeptide fragment -a variant a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L86C, R18C or N84C mutations.
[0170] 4) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide, e.g. GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to link the two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0171] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0172] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0173] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L86C, R18C, or N84C mutations.
[0174] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0175] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0176] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L86C, R18C, or N84C mutations.
[0177] 3) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide, e.g. GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to link the two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0178] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0179] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations positions A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0180] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising one or more mutations selected from R49A, D156A, D156H, K157A and F161A.
[0181] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0182] 1) First polypeptide fragment: a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations positions A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0183] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant based of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising one or more mutations selected from R49A, D156A, D156H, K157A and F161A.
[0184] 3) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide, such as GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to link the two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0185] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0186] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations at amino acid positions A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0187] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the following features:
[0188] (i) a single Cys mutation selected from the L86C, R18C, or N84C, and (ii) one or more mutations selected from R49A, D156A, D156H, K157A and F161A.
[0189] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0190] 1) First peptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations at amino acid positions A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0191] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the following features:
[0192] (i) a single Cys mutation selected from the L86C, R18C, or N84C, and (ii) one or more mutations selected from R49A, D156A, D156H, K157A and F161A.
[0193] 3) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide, such as GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to link two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0194] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0195] 1) N-terminal protected peptide –the N-terminal of the fusion polypeptide comprises specific recognition sequences, e.g. SUMO enzyme-specific recognition sequences, such as the protective peptide sequence given by SEQ ID NO: 497. These sequences are used to enhance the expression stability of the fusion polypeptide and to release the N-terminal sequences after cleavage to avoid the effect of the initiating methionine.
[0196] 2) First functional peptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity, G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0197] 3) Second functional polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L86C, R18C or N84C mutations.
[0198] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0199] 1) N-terminal protected peptide –the N-terminal of the fusion polypeptide comprises specific recognition sequences, e.g. SUMO enzyme-specific recognition sequences, such as the protective peptide sequence given by SEQ ID NO: 497. These sequences are used to enhance the expression stability of the fusion polypeptide and to release the N-terminal sequences after cleavage to avoid the effect of the initiating methionine.
[0200] 2) First functional peptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity, G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0201] 3) Second functional polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L86C, R18C or N84C mutations.
[0202] 4) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide such as GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to join two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0203] In addition, the present invention relates to the design of fusion polypeptides, the fusion polypeptides comprising a fragment which is a variant of a GH protein, such as variants of human 20 kDa GH2 having a single Cys mutation (e.g., L86C) for fatty chain modification, as well as other possible Cys single point mutations (e.g., R18C, N84C) .
[0204] Further modulation of the activity of the fusion polypeptide may be achieved through the introduction of different single point mutations in the 20 kDa GH2 sequence (e.g., R49A, D156A, D156H, K157A, F161A) , as well as combinations of the mutations, including combinations of any two, three, or four mutations (e.g., R49A and D156A, K157A and F161A, etc. ) .
[0205] Fusion polypeptides or fusion proteins comprising 22 kDa GH2 variants
[0206] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0207] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0208] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L101C, R18C, or N99C mutations.
[0209] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0210] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0211] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L101C, R18C, or N99C mutations.
[0212] 3) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide, e.g. GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to link the two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0213] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0214] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations positions A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0215] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising one or more mutations selected from R64A, D171A, D171H, K172A and F176A.
[0216] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0217] 1) First polypeptide fragment: a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations positions A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0218] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant based of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising one or more mutations selected from R64A, D171A, D171H, K172A and F176A.
[0219] 3) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide, such as GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to link the two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0220] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0221] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations at amino acid positions A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0222] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the following features:
[0223] (i) a single Cys mutation selected from the L101C, R18C, or N99C, and (ii) one or more mutations selected from R64A, D171A, D171H, K172A and F176A.
[0224] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0225] 1) First peptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations at amino acid positions A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0226] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the following features:
[0227] (i) a single Cys mutation selected from the L101C, R18C, or N99C, and (ii) one or more mutations selected from R64A, D171A, D171H, K172A and F176A.
[0228] 3) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide, such as GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to link two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0229] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0230] 1) N-terminal protected peptide –the N-terminal of the fusion polypeptide comprises specific recognition sequences, e.g. SUMO enzyme-specific recognition sequences, such as the protective peptide sequence given by SEQ ID NO: 497. These sequences are used to enhance the expression stability of the fusion polypeptide and to release the N-terminal sequences after cleavage to avoid the effect of the initiating methionine.
[0231] 2) First functional peptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity, G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0232] 3) Second functional polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L101C, R18C or N99C mutations.
[0233] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0234] 1) N-terminal protected peptide –the N-terminal of the fusion polypeptide comprises specific recognition sequences, e.g. SUMO enzyme-specific recognition sequences, such as the protective peptide sequence given by SEQ ID NO: 497. These sequences are used to enhance the expression stability of the fusion polypeptide and to release the N-terminal sequences after cleavage to avoid the effect of the initiating methionine.
[0235] 2) First functional peptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity, G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0236] 3) Second functional polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 22 kDa GH2 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L101C, R18C or N99C mutations.
[0237] 4) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide such as GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to join two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0238] In addition, the present invention relates to the design of fusion polypeptides, the fusion polypeptides comprising a fragment which is a variant of a GH protein, such as variants of human 22 kDa GH2 having a single Cys mutation (e.g., L101C) for fatty chain modification, as well as other possible Cys single point mutations (e.g., R18C, N99C) .
[0239] Further modulation of the activity of the fusion polypeptide may be achieved through the introduction of different single point mutations in the 22 kDa GH2 sequence (e.g., R64A, D171A, D171H, K172A, F176A) , as well as combinations of the mutations, including combinations of any two, three, or four mutations (e.g., R64A and D171A, K172A and F176A, etc. ) .
[0240] Fusion polypeptides or fusion proteins comprising 20 kDa GH1 variants
[0241] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0242] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0243] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L86C, H18C, or N84C mutations.
[0244] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0245] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0246] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L86C, H18C, or N84C mutations.
[0247] 3) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide, e.g. GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to link the two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0248] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0249] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations positions A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0250] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising one or more mutations selected from R49A, D156A, D156H, K157A and F161A.
[0251] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0252] 1) First polypeptide fragment: a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations positions A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0253] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant based of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising one or more mutations selected from R49A, D156A, D156H, K157A and F161A.
[0254] 3) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide, such as GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to link the two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0255] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0256] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations at amino acid positions A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0257] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the following features:
[0258] (i) a single Cys mutation selected from the L86C, H18C, or N84C, and (ii) one or more mutations selected from R49A, D156A, D156H, K157A and F161A.
[0259] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0260] 1) First peptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations at amino acid positions A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0261] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the following features:
[0262] (i) a single Cys mutation selected from the L86C, H18C, or N84C, and (ii) one or more mutations selected from R49A, D156A, D156H, K157A and F161A.
[0263] 3) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide, such as GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to link two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0264] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0265] 1) N-terminal protected peptide –the N-terminal of the fusion polypeptide comprises specific recognition sequences, e.g. SUMO enzyme-specific recognition sequences, such as the protective peptide sequence given by SEQ ID NO: 497. These sequences are used to enhance the expression stability of the fusion polypeptide and to release the N-terminal sequences after cleavage to avoid the effect of the initiating methionine.
[0266] 2) First functional peptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity, G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0267] 3) Second functional polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L86C, H18C or N84C mutations.
[0268] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0269] 1) N-terminal protected peptide –the N-terminal of the fusion polypeptide comprises specific recognition sequences, e.g. SUMO enzyme-specific recognition sequences, such as the protective peptide sequence given by SEQ ID NO: 497. These sequences are used to enhance the expression stability of the fusion polypeptide and to release the N-terminal sequences after cleavage to avoid the effect of the initiating methionine.
[0270] 2) First functional peptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity, G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0271] 3) Second functional polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L86C, H18C or N84C mutations.
[0272] 4) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide such as GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to join two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0273] In addition, the present invention relates to the design of fusion polypeptides, the fusion polypeptides comprising a fragment which is a variant of a GH protein, such as variants of human 20 kDa GH1 having a single Cys mutation (e.g., L86C) for fatty chain modification, as well as other possible Cys single point mutations (e.g., H18C, N84C) .
[0274] Further modulation of the activity of the fusion polypeptide may be achieved through the introduction of different single point mutations in the 20 kDa GH1 sequence (e.g., R49A, D156A, D156H, K157A, F161A) , as well as combinations of the mutations, including combinations of any two, three, or four mutations (e.g., R49A and D156A, K157A and F161A, etc. ) .
[0275] Fusion polypeptides or fusion proteins comprising 22 kDa GH1 variants
[0276] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0277] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0278] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L101C, H18C, or N99C mutations.
[0279] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0280] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0281] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L101C, H18C, or N99C mutations.
[0282] 3) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide, e.g. GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to link the two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0283] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0284] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations positions A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0285] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising one or more mutations selected from R64A, D171A, D171H, K172A and F176A.
[0286] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0287] 1) First polypeptide fragment: a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: amino acid mutations positions A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0288] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant based of human 20 kDa GH1 comprising one or more mutations selected from R64A, D171A, D171H, K172A and F176A.
[0289] 3) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide, such as GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to link the two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0290] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0291] 1) First polypeptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations at amino acid positions A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0292] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the following features:
[0293] (i) a single Cys mutation selected from the L101C, H18C, or N99C, and (ii) one or more mutations selected from R64A, D171A, D171H, K172A and F176A.
[0294] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0295] 1) First peptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations at amino acid positions A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity; G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0296] 2) Second polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the following features:
[0297] (i) a single Cys mutation selected from the L101C, H18C, or N99C, and (ii) one or more mutations selected from R64A, D171A, D171H, K172A and F176A.
[0298] 3) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide, such as GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to link two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0299] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0300] 1) N-terminal protected peptide –the N-terminal of the fusion polypeptide comprises specific recognition sequences, e.g. SUMO enzyme-specific recognition sequences, such as the protective peptide sequence given by SEQ ID NO: 497. These sequences are used to enhance the expression stability of the fusion polypeptide and to release the N-terminal sequences after cleavage to avoid the effect of the initiating methionine.
[0301] 2) First functional peptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity, G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0302] 3) Second functional polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L101C, H18C or N99C mutations.
[0303] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide comprises the following components:
[0304] 1) N-terminal protected peptide –the N-terminal of the fusion polypeptide comprises specific recognition sequences, e.g. SUMO enzyme-specific recognition sequences, such as the protective peptide sequence given by SEQ ID NO: 497. These sequences are used to enhance the expression stability of the fusion polypeptide and to release the N-terminal sequences after cleavage to avoid the effect of the initiating methionine.
[0305] 2) First functional peptide fragment -a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) including the following features: mutations A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G. A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity, G22E increases peptide solubility and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0306] 3) Second functional polypeptide fragment -a variant of human 22 kDa GH1 comprising the following features: a single Cys mutation for covalent attachment to a long-chain fatty acid for aliphatic chain modification, the Cys mutation being selected from the L101C, H18C or N99C mutations.
[0307] 4) Linker -the first polypeptide fragment and the second polypeptide fragment are fused at a fusion site and the fusion site comprises a flexible linker. The sequence of the flexible linker comprises a Gly-Ser (GGGGS) repeat linker peptide such as GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO: 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 499) , to join two functional peptide fragments into a complete fusion polypeptide.
[0308] In addition, the present invention relates to the design of fusion polypeptides, the fusion polypeptides comprising a fragment which is a variant of a GH protein, such as variants of human 22 kDa GH1 having a single Cys mutation (e.g., L101C) for fatty chain modification, as well as other possible Cys single point mutations (e.g., H18C, N99C) .
[0309] Further modulation of the activity of the fusion polypeptide may be achieved through the introduction of different single point mutations in the 22 kDa GH1 sequence (e.g., R64A, D171A, D171H, K172A, F176A) , as well as combinations of the mutations, including combinations of any two, three, or four mutations (e.g., R64A and D171A, K172A and F176A, etc. ) .
[0310] Accordingly, the present invention provides a fusion polypeptide with dual-targeting functionality, combining the first and the second specific functional fragments which target GLP-1R and GHR, respectively. The present invention includes diverse mutations and variant designs, which can be used for therapeutic and drug development applications in the biomedical field.
[0311] Method of preparing a fusion polypeptide or fusion protein
[0312] The present invention discloses a method of preparing the fusion polypeptide according to the first aspect, the method of preparation comprising introducing a nucleic acid encoding the fusion polypeptide into a cell to induce expression of the nucleic acid.
[0313] Semaglutide
[0314] Semaglutide is a human glucagon-like peptide-1 (hGLP-1) analogue produced by Novo Nordisk Pharma (Denmark) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. In contrast to human GLP-1, Semaglutide has two amino acid substitutions (Aib8, Arg34) and an albumin-binding side chain attached at lysine 26. It is mainly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.
[0315] Somapacitan
[0316] Somapacitan is a human growth hormone (hGH) analogue produced in Escherichia coli by Novo Nordisk Pharma (Denmark) by recombinant DNA technology. The protein fraction consists of 191 amino acids with a single substitution in the amino acid backbone (L101C) connecting the albumin-binding portion (side chain) . The albumin-binding portion (side chain) consists of an albumin binder and a hydrophilic spacer attached to position 101 of the protein. It is primarily used in the treatment of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in adults.
[0317] Fatty deposits
[0318] Fat accumulation refers to the fact that when the total calorie intake is greater than the total calorie usage in human and animal organisms, the excess calories are converted into triglycerides (fats) in the organism and stored in the adipose tissue. Adipose tissue can be divided into subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue and so on in human and animal organisms. When triglycerides are deposited in internal organs, such as the liver, around the kidneys, and around the pericardium, visceral adipose accumulation is formed.
[0319] Lipolysis
[0320] Lipolysis is the process of hydrolysing triglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol. This process involves the action of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) . Lipolysis can provide oxidised substrates to maintain energy balance during fasting and exercise. The process of lipolysis is regulated by nutritional factors and hormones. Dysregulation of lipolysis has been associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
[0321] White fat cells / White adipocytes
[0322] White adipocytes (white, yellow adipose tissue) are mainly found in white adipose tissue, and their structural characteristics are: the cytoplasm contains a large fat droplet located in the centre of the cell, which becomes a large vacuole on the Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained specimen due to the dissolution of the fat droplet; a small amount of cytoplasm and flat oval nucleus are squeezed in the periphery. White adipocytes are called univacuolar adipocytes. The majority of adult adipocytes are of this type, such as subcutaneous tissue, tunica, omentum and yellow bone marrow.
[0323] Weight Loss
[0324] Weight loss refers to behaviours and measures to reduce weight and improve various metabolic indicators of the body by reducing the fat content of the human or animal organism and thereby achieving weight reduction. For the purposes of this application, weight loss is defined in the same way as fat loss, fat reduction, and reduction of fat content.
[0325] Weight loss may be therapeutic, cosmetic (non-therapeutic) , or both therapeutic and cosmetic.
[0326] According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) , the terms “overweight” and “obese” relate to “abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health” . According to WHO, a body mass index (BMI) of over 25 is considered overweight, and a BMI of over 30 is considered obese. A BMI of over 40 may be considered “severely” or “morbidly” obese.
[0327] In some cases, therapeutic weight loss may be weight loss in a subject that is considered overweight, such as a subject with a BMI greater than 25, or greater than 26, or greater than 27, or greater than 28, or greater than 29.
[0328] In some cases, therapeutic weight loss may be weight loss in a subject that is considered obese, such as a subject with a BMI greater than 30, or greater than 31, or greater than 32, or greater than 33, or greater than 34, or greater than 35, or greater than 36, or greater than 37, or greater than 38, or greater than 39.
[0329] In some cases, therapeutic weight loss may be weight loss in a subject that is considered severely or morbidly obese, such as a subject with a BMI greater than 40, or greater than 41, or greater than 42, or greater than 43, or greater than 44, or greater than 45.
[0330] In some cases, therapeutic weight loss may be weight loss as a result of taking medication under prescription (e.g., prescribed by a medical professional) , irrespective of the subject’s general health or body composition (e.g. irrespective of whether the subject is considered of normal weight, overweight or obese etc) .
[0331] In some cases, therapeutic weight loss leads to a reduction in an overweight or obese subject’s weight such that they are no longer considered overweight or obese. In some cases, therapeutic weight loss leads to a reduction in an obese subject’s BMI such that they are no longer considered obese e.g., to reduce their BMI to less than 29, or less than 28, or less than 27, or less than 26. In some cases, therapeutic weight loss leads to a reduction in an obese subject’s BMI such that they are no longer considered obese or overweight e.g., to reduce their BMI to less than 25, or less than 24, or less than 23, or less than 22, or less than 21, or less than 20. In some cases, therapeutic weight loss leads to a reduction in an overweight subject’s BMI such that they are no longer considered overweight e.g., to reduce their BMI to less than 25, or less than 24, or less than 23, or less than 22, or less than 21, or less than 20.
[0332] In some cases, cosmetic (non-therapeutic) weight loss may be weight loss in a subject that is not considered overweight or obese, such as a subject with a BMI less than 25, or less than 24, or less than 23, or less than 22, or less than 21, or less than 20.
[0333] Host cell
[0334] For the purposes of the present invention, a "host cell" is a cell into which an exogenous polynucleotide and / or vector is directed.
[0335] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a host cell, the host cell containing the expression vector according to the third aspect. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the host cell is selected from a bacterial, yeast or mammalian cell. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the host cell is a bacterium, such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis expression, Streptomyces, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces, and the like. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the host cell is a yeast, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Picrosporum, Hansenula, Coccidioides, and the like. According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the host cell is a mammalian cell, such as HeLa, HK293, BHK, CHO cells, NS0 cells, SF9 cells, and the like.
[0336] Single-targeted therapy
[0337] Mono-targeted therapy is a treatment modality that uses a targeted drug against a single target.
[0338] Synergistic effect
[0339] Synergistic effect is when two or more components are administered in combination, or added or fused together, to produce an effect that is greater than the sum of the effects of the various components when applied individually.
[0340] Bliss Independence Index (BII)
[0341] The degree of synergy was assessed by calculating the Bliss Independence Index (BII) based on the efficacy of the drugs. The formula is BII = E (AB) / O (AB) , where:
[0342] E(AB) is the expected efficacy (e.g., growth rate, inhibition rate, etc. ) of the drugs when used in combination (assuming no synergy) , calculated from the equation: E (AB) = [E (A) +E (B) ] - [E (A) x E (B) ]
[0343] where the actual efficacy of drug A alone, E (A) , and the actual efficacy of drug B alone, E (B) , are given by the GRI (calculated from the observed glycerol concentration in the lipolytic assay as described above) .
[0344] O (AB) is the actual observed efficacy of the combined drugs.
[0345] When BII < 1, there is a synergistic effect, BII = 1, there is an additive effect, and BII > 1, there is an antagonistic effect. Certain fusion polypeptides of the present invention have been found to have a synergistic effect compared with coadministration of a GLP-1 analogue and a growth hormone analogue.
[0346] Disease treatment and pharmaceutical uses
[0347] The seventh aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating obesity, the method comprising administering to a subject the fusion polypeptide according to the first aspect, or the pharmaceutical composition according to the sixth aspect.
[0348] The eighth aspect of the present invention provides a use of the fusion polypeptide according to the first aspect, or the pharmaceutical composition according to the sixth aspect, in the manufacture of a medicament. In some embodiments, the medicament is for weight loss or for the treatment of obesity.
[0349] The ninth aspect of the present invention provides the fusion polypeptide according to the first aspect, or the pharmaceutical composition according to the sixth aspect, for use in therapy. In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide according to the first aspect, or the pharmaceutical composition according to the sixth aspect, is for use in the treatment of obesity.
[0350] Another aspect of the present invention provides a non-therapeutic method of losing weight, the method comprising administering to a subject the fusion polypeptide according to the first aspect, or the pharmaceutical composition according to the tenth aspect. Another aspect is the non-therapeutic use of the fusion polypeptide according to the first aspect, or the pharmaceutical composition according to the tenth aspect in a method of losing weight.
[0351] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating obesity, the method comprising administering to a subject a fusion polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide according to the second aspect, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the fusion polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide according to the second aspect. Another aspect of the present invention provides a use of a fusion polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide according to the second aspect, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a fusion polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide according to the second aspect, in the manufacture of a medicament. In some embodiments, the medicament is for weight loss or for the treatment of obesity. Another aspect of the present invention provides the fusion polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide according to the second aspect, or the pharmaceutical composition comprising the fusion polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide according to the second aspect, for use in therapy. In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide according to the second aspect, or the pharmaceutical composition comprising the fusion polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide according to the second aspect, is for use in the treatment of obesity.
[0352] Another aspect of the present provides a method of treating obesity, the method comprising administering to a subject a fusion polypeptide obtained from the expression vector according to the third aspect, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a fusion polypeptide obtained from the expression vector according to the third aspect. Another aspect of the present invention provides a use of a fusion polypeptide obtained from the expression vector according to the third aspect, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a fusion polypeptide obtained from the expression vector according to the third aspect, in the manufacture of a medicament. In some embodiments, the medicament is for weight loss or for the treatment of obesity. Another aspect of the present invention provides a fusion polypeptide obtained from the expression vector according to the third aspect, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a fusion polypeptide obtained from the expression vector according to the third aspect, for use in therapy. In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide obtained from the expression vector according to the third aspect, or the pharmaceutical composition comprising the fusion polypeptide obtained from the expression vector according to the third aspect, is for use in the treatment of obesity.
[0353] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating obesity, the method comprising administering to a subject a fusion polypeptide obtained from the host cells according to the fourth aspect, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a fusion polypeptide obtained from the host cells according to the fourth aspect. Another aspect of the present invention provides a use of a fusion polypeptide obtained from the host cells according to the fourth aspect, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a fusion polypeptide obtained from the host cells according to the fourth aspect, in the manufacture of a medicament. In some embodiments, the medicament is for weight loss or for the treatment of obesity. Another aspect of the present invention provides a fusion polypeptide obtained from the host cells according to the fourth aspect, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a fusion polypeptide obtained from the host cells according to the fourth aspect, for use in therapy. In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide obtained from the host cells according to the fourth aspect, or the pharmaceutical composition comprising a fusion polypeptide obtained from the host cells according to the fourth aspect, is for use in the treatment of obesity.
[0354] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating obesity, the method comprising administering to a subject a fusion polypeptide obtained by the method of preparation according to the fifth aspect, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a fusion polypeptide obtained by the method of preparation according to the fifth aspect. Another aspect of the present invention provides a use of a fusion polypeptide obtained by the method of preparation according to the fifth aspect, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a fusion polypeptide obtained by the method of preparation according to the fifth aspect, in the manufacture of a medicament. In some embodiments, the medicament is for weight loss or for the treatment of obesity. Another aspect of the present invention provides a fusion polypeptide obtained by the method of preparation according to the fifth aspect, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a fusion polypeptide obtained by the method of preparation according to the fifth aspect, for use in therapy. In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide obtained by the method of preparation according to the fifth aspect, or the pharmaceutical composition comprising a fusion polypeptide obtained by the method of preparation according to the fifth aspect, is for use in the treatment of obesity.
[0355] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the pharmaceutical compositions may comprise pharmaceutically acceptable excipients or salts known in the art.
[0356] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the fusion polypeptides or pharmaceutical compositions may be used for treating human or non-human animals, such as non-human mammals.
[0357] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the fusion polypeptides or the pharmaceutical compositions may be administered by any suitable route of administration, such as gastrointestinal (e.g., oral) or non-gastrointestinal (e.g., intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intradermally, intra-organ, intranasally, intra-ocularly, intradermally, intranasally, intrathecally, transdermally, intrarectally, and the like) routes of administration.
[0358] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the fusion polypeptides or the pharmaceutical compositions may be in any suitable dosage form, such as transgastrointestinal administration dosage form or non-transgastrointestinal administration dosage form, preferably including, but not limited to, extended-release dosage forms, tablets, pills, powders, granules, capsules, ingots, syrups, liquids, emulsions, microemulsions, suspensions, injections, sprays, aerosols, powdered aerosols, lotions, ointments, hard creams, pastes, patches, eye drops, nose drops, sublingual tablets, suppositories, aerosols, effervescent tablets, pills, drops, gels and so on.
[0359] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the various dosage forms of the fusion polypeptides or the pharmaceutical compositions may be prepared according to conventional production methods in the field of pharmacy.
[0360] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the pharmaceutical compositions may contain from 0.01 to 99.5%by weight (specifically, e.g., 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.9%) of the fusion polypeptide, the fusion polypeptide, the nucleic acid, the vector, or the cell.
[0361] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition may be prepared to have a protein concentration of 1-10000 ng / mL (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000 ng / mL) .
[0362] An aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating or preventing a disease, the method comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of the fusion polypeptide according to the first aspect, the fusion polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide according to the second aspect, the fusion polypeptide obtained from the expression vector according to the third aspect, the fusion polypeptide obtained from the host cell according to the fourth aspect, the fusion polypeptide obtained by the method of preparation according to the fifth aspect, or the pharmaceutical composition according to the sixth aspect.
[0363] By "pharmaceutically acceptable" the present invention means that it neither significantly stimulates the organism nor inhibits the biological activity and properties of the active substance of the administered product.
[0364] The "pharmaceutically acceptable excipients" described herein include, but are not limited to, one or more of a carrier, excipient, diluent, wetting agent, filler, binder, lubricant, disintegrant, antioxidant, buffer, suspending agent, solubiliser, thickening agent, stabiliser, flavouring agent and preservative.
[0365] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" as used in the present invention refers to a salt prepared from a pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic acid or base, wherein the acid or base comprises an inorganic acid or base or an organic acid or base. The inorganic acid is selected from hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, hydriodic acid or sulfuric acid. The inorganic base is selected from calcium, magnesium, lithium, sodium, zinc, aluminium or potassium. The organic acid is selected from formic acid, hydroxyacetic acid, propionic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, maleic acid, glutamic acid, benzoic acid, stearic acid, alginic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, glucuronic acid, dihydroxynaphthic acid or galacturonic acid. The organic base is selected from diethanolamine, choline, procaine, lysine or 1, 2-ethylenediamine.
[0366] The invention uses "comprising" or "including" in an open-ended manner, when used to describe a sequence of a protein or polynucleotide, the protein or polynucleotide may consist of the sequence or may have additional amino acids or nucleotides at one or both ends of the protein or polynucleotide and still have the same or similar activity as the original sequence.
[0367] "Treatment" as described herein denotes slowing, interrupting, stopping, controlling, halting, alleviating, or reversing a sign, symptom, disorder, condition, or the progression or severity of a disease after the disease has already begun to develop, but does not necessarily involve the complete elimination of all signs, symptoms, conditions, or disorders associated with the disease.
[0368] The term "prevention" as used in the present invention denotes the implementation of means to prevent or delay the onset of a disease or condition or symptom in an organism.
[0369] The "subject" described herein may be a human or a non-human animal, or a human cell, tissue or organ, or a cell, tissue or organ of a non-human animal.
[0370] "Effective amount" as used in the present invention means the amount or dose of any product of the present invention that provides the desired treatment or prophylaxis after being administered to a subject in a single or multiple doses.
[0371] Problems in the prior art
[0372] Single-targeted therapy is used in the prior art. A limitation of this treatment is that the currently known GLP-1R agonists are usually single-targeted agents whose pharmacodynamic effects are mainly through appetite suppression and are poorly effective in direct fat reduction.
[0373] Advantages of the invention:
[0374] 1) Multi-targeted therapy: the present invention provides a fusion polypeptide targeting both GLP-1R and GHR. As such, the fusion polypeptide is capable of regulating both the GLP-1R and GHR pathways, thereby realising more effective weight loss and fat loss.
[0375] 2) Promoting fat cleavage in white adipocytes: the fusion polypeptide of the present invention not only has the effect of reducing fat synthesis, but also has the function of promoting fat cleavage in white adipocytes, which makes it have a more comprehensive effect in fat reduction treatment.
[0376] 3) Advantage of synergistic effect: Compared with the combination of a GLP-1 analogue and a growth hormone analogue, the fusion polypeptide of the present invention may have a more significant synergistic effect, more effectively promoting the cleavage of fat in white adipocytes, thus realising a better fat reduction effect.
[0377] Sequences
[0378] GH sequences and mutations
[0379] Human growth hormone (hGH) refers primarily to the 22 kDa human pituitary growth hormone (hGH-N, also known as GH1) expressed and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. During pregnancy, the placenta also expresses and secretes a 22 kDa human placental growth hormone (hGH-V, also known as GH2) . In addition, through mRNA variant shearing, the anterior pituitary and the placenta each produce a 20 kDa growth hormone, 20 kDa of hGH-N (about 10%of total hGH-N) and 20 kDa of hGH-V (Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology &Metabolism 2000, 13, 343-356) . The different forms of human GH all function by acting on the growth hormone receptor (GHR) (Brooks &Waters, 2010) .
[0380] Compared to the sequence of 22 kDa human GH2 (SEQ ID NO: 501) , the sequence of the 20 kDa human GH2 (SEQ ID NO: 500) is missing the segment of amino acids at positions 32-46 of the 22 kDa human GH2 sequence, reducing its length by 15 amino acids and its molecular weight by approximately 2 kDa. Compared to the sequence of 22 kDa human GH1 (SEQ ID NO: 503) , the sequence of the 20 kDa human GH1 (SEQ ID NO: 502) is missing the segment of amino acids at positions 32-46 of the 22 kDa human GH1 sequence, reducing its length by 15 amino acids and its molecular weight by approximately 2 kDa. As a result, the mutations at positions 18, 84, 86, 49, 156, 157 and 161 of the 20 kDa forms of human GH sequences correspond to the mutations at positions 18, 99, 101, 64, 171, 172 and 176, respectively, of the 22 kDa form of human GH sequences.
[0381] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a GH2 protein selected from: the human 20 kDa GH2 sequence of SEQ ID NO: 500, and the human 22 kDa GH2 sequence of SEQ ID NO: 501.
[0382] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a GH1 protein selected from: the human 20 kDa GH1 sequence of SEQ ID NO: 502, and the human 22 kDa GH1 sequence of SEQ ID NO: 503.
[0383] Variants of Human 20 kDa GH2
[0384] The second fragment of the fusion polypeptide sequences of SEQ ID NOs 1-141 disclosed herein comprise variants of 20 kDa human GH2, all of which comprise a Cys mutation. The Cys mutation in these sequences is selected from: L86C, R18C, and N84C. The Cys mutation allows for fatty chain modification (through covalent attachment of a fatty acid to the Cys residue) .
[0385] The variants of human 20 kDa GH2 disclosed herein may also have other mutations with different activities, such as the R49A, D156A, D156H, K157A and F161A single point mutations, as well as combinations of mutations selected from any two, three, or four of R49A, D156A or D156H, K157A, and F161A above.
[0386] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a GH2 variant based on the original human 20 kDa GH2 sequence of SEQ ID NO: 500, the variant comprising a single Cys mutation for fatty acid chain modification. In some embodiments, the mutation may be L86C, R18C, or N84C.
[0387] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 20 kDa human GH2, the variant of 20 kDa human GH2 comprises an L86C mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40.41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 139 and 140.
[0388] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 20 kDa human GH2, the variant of 20 kDa human GH2 comprises a R18C mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 , 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, and 92.
[0389] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 20 kDa human GH2, the variant of 20 kDa human GH2 comprises a N84C mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, and 138.
[0390] In some embodiments, the GH2 variant may have other mutations such as the point mutations R49A, D156A or D156H, K157A, and / or F161A, which may lead to changes in the affinity of the GH fragment for GHR, which may in turn alter the activity of the GH fragment and its potency.
[0391] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 20 kDa human GH2, the variant of 20 kDa human GH2 comprises a R49A mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 48, 54, 59, 60, 61, 62, 68, 69, 70, 71, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 85, 86, 87, 88, 91, 92, 94, 100, 105, 106, 107, 108, 114, 115, 116, 117, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 131, 132, 133, 134, 137, and 138.
[0392] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 20 kDa human GH2, the variant of 20 kDa human GH2 comprises a D156A mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 3, 6, 9, 13, 17, 18, 22, 23, 26, 28, 30, 34, 35, 39, 40, 43, 45, 49, 55, 59, 63, 64, 68, 69, 72, 74, 76, 80, 81, 85, 86, 89, 91, 95, 101, 105, 109, 110, 114, 115, 118, 120, 122, 127, 131, 132, 135, 137, 114, 115, 118, 120, 122, 126, 127, 131, 132, 135, and 137.
[0393] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 20 kDa human GH2, the variant of 20 kDa human GH2 comprises a D156H mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 14, 19, 20, 24, 27, 29, 31, 36, 37, 41, 44, 46, 50, 56, 60, 65, 66, 70, 73, 75, 77, 82, 83, 87, 90, 92, 96, 102, 106, 111, 112, 116, 119, 121.123, 128, 129, 133, 136, and 138.
[0394] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 20 kDa human GH2, the variant of 20 kDa human GH2 comprises a K157A mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 5, 11, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 34, 36, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51, 57, 61, 63, 65, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 78.80, 82, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 97, 103, 107, 109, 111, 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 124, 126, 128, 130, 131, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, and 138.
[0395] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 20 kDa human GH2, the variant of 20 kDa human GH2 comprises a F161A mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 6, 12, 16, 18, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33, 35, 37, 38, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 52, 58, 62, 64, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 79, 81, 83.84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 98, 104, 108, 110, 112, 113, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 125, 127, 129, 130, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137, and 138.
[0396] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 20 kDa human GH2, the variant of 20 kDa human GH2 comprising a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs 469, 470, 471, 472, 473 and 474:
[0397] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises the 20 kDa human GH2 sequence of SEQ ID 500:
[0398] SEQ ID NO: 500: human 20 kDa GH2 original sequence
[0399] Variants of Human 22 kDa GH2
[0400] The second fragment of the fusion polypeptide sequence of SEQ ID NO 141 disclosed herein comprises a variant of 22 kDa human GH2 which has a single L86C Cys mutation. The Cys mutation allows for fatty chain modification (through covalent attachment of a fatty acid to the Cys residue) .
[0401] The variants of human 22 kDa GH2 disclosed herein may also have other mutations with different activities, such as the R64A, D171A, D171H, K162A and F176A single point mutations, as well as combinations of mutations selected from any two, three, or four of R64A, D171A or D171H, K172A, and F176A above.
[0402] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a GH2 variant based on the original human 22 kDa GH2 sequence of SEQ ID NO: 501, the variant comprising a single Cys mutation for fatty acid chain modification. In some embodiments, the mutation may be L101C, R18C, N99C, Y35C or Y42C.
[0403] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 22 kDa human GH2, the variant of 22 kDa human GH2 comprising a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs 476, 477, 478, 479, 480 and 481:
[0404] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises the 22 kDa human GH2 sequence of SEQ ID 501:
[0405] Variants of Human 20 kDa GH1
[0406] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises the 20 kDa human GH1 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 502) . In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises the 20 kDa human GH1 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 502) and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 280 and 281.
[0407] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a GH1 variant, such as a variant of human GH1. In some embodiments, the second fragment comprises a GH1 variant based on the 20 kDa human GH1 sequence. In some embodiments, the variant based on the 20 kDa human GH1 sequence comprises a Cys mutation. The Cys mutation allows for fatty chain modification (through covalent attachment of a fatty acid to the Cys residue) . In some embodiments, the Cys mutation is selected from L86C, H18C, and N84C.
[0408] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 20 kDa human GH1, the variant of 20 kDa human GH1 comprises a L86C mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186 and 187.
[0409] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 20 kDa human GH1, the variant of 20 kDa human GH1 comprises a H18C mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224.225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232 and 233.
[0410] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 20 kDa human GH1, the variant of 20 kDa human GH1 comprises a N84C mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278 and 279.
[0411] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the variant of the 20 kDa human GH1 sequence has other mutations, such as the point mutations R49A, D156A, D156H, K157A, and F161A, which may lead to changes in the affinity of the GH fragment for GHR, which may in turn alter the activity and potency of the GH fragment.
[0412] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 20 kDa human GH1, the variant of 20 kDa human GH1 comprises a R49A mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 143, 149, 154, 155, 156, 157, 163, 164, 165, 166, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 180, 181, 182, 183, 186, 187, 189, 195, 200, 201, 202, 203, 209, 210, 211, 212, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 226, 227, 228, 229, 232, 233, 235, 241, 246, 247, 248, 249, 255, 256, 257, 258, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 272, 273, 274, 275, 278, and 279.
[0413] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 20 kDa human GH2, the variant of 20 kDa human GH1 comprises a D156A mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 144, 150, 154, 158, 159, 163, 164, 167, 169, 171, 175, 176, 180, 181, 184, 186, 190, 196, 200, 204, 205, 209, 210, 213, 215, 217, 221, 222, 226, 227, 230, 232, 236, 252, 246, 250, 251, 255, 256, 259, 261, 263, 267, 268, 272, 273, 276, and 278.
[0414] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 20 kDa human GH2, the variant of 20 kDa human GH1 comprises a D156H mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 145, 151, 155, 160, 161, 165, 168, 170, 172, 177, 178, 182, 185, 187, 191, 197, 201, 206, 207, 211, 214, 216, 218, 223, 224, 228, 231, 233, 237, 243, 247, 252, 253, 257, 260, 262, 264, 269, 270, 274, 277, and 279.
[0415] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 20 kDa human GH2, the variant of 20 kDa human GH2 comprises a K157A mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 146, 152, 156, 158, 160, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 173, 175, 177, 179, 180, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 192, 198, 202, 204, 206, 208, 209, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 219, 221, 223, 225, 226, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 238, 244, 248, 250, 252, 254, 255, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 265, 267, 269, 271, 272, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, and 279.
[0416] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 20 kDa human GH2, the variant of 20 kDa human GH2 comprises a F161A mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 147, 153, 157, 159, 161, 162, 164, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 174, 176, 178, 179, 181, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 193, 199, 203, 205, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 220, 222, 224, 225, 227, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 239, 245, 249, 251, 253, 254, 256, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 266, 268, 270, 271, 273, 275, 276, 277, 278, and 279.
[0417] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 20 kDa human GH1, the variant of 20 kDa human GH1 comprising a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs 482, 483, 484, 485, 486 and 487.
[0418] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises the 20 kDa human GH1 sequence of SEQ ID 502:
[0419] Variants of Human 22 kDa GH1
[0420] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises the 22 kDa human GH1 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 503) . In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises the 22 kDa human GH1 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 503) and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 466 and 468.
[0421] In some embodiments, the second fragment comprises a GH1 variant based on the 22 kDa human GH1 sequence. In some embodiments, the variant based on the 22 kDa human GH1 sequence comprises a single Cys mutation. The Cys mutation allows for fatty chain modification (through covalent attachment of a fatty acid to the Cys residue) . In some embodiments, the single Cys mutation is selected from L101C, H18C, Y35C, Y42C and N99C.
[0422] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 22 kDa human GH1, the variant of 22 kDa human GH1 comprises a L101C mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 282, 284, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, and 327 and 467.
[0423] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 22 kDa human GH1, the variant of 22 kDa human GH1 comprises a H18C mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, and 373.
[0424] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 22 kDa human GH1, the variant of 22 kDa human GH1 comprises a Y42C mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, and 465.
[0425] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 22 kDa human GH1, the variant of 22 kDa human GH1 comprises a N99C mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, and 419.
[0426] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the variant of the 22 kDa human GH1 sequence has other mutations, such as the point mutations R64A, D171A, D171H, K172A, and F176A, which may lead to changes in the affinity of the GH1 fragment for GHR, which may in turn alter the activity and potency of the GH1 fragment.
[0427] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 22 kDa human GH1, the variant of 22 kDa human GH1 comprises a R64A mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 283, 289, 290, 294, 295, 296, 297, 303, 304, 305, 306, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 329, 335, 340, 341, 342, 343, 349, 350, 351, 352, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 366, 367, 358, 369, 372, 373, 375, 381, 386, 387, 388, 389, 395, 396, 397, 398, 401, 402, 403, 403, 405, 406, 412, 413, 414, 415, 418, 419, 421, 427, 432, 433, 434, 435, 441, 442, 443, 444, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 458, 459, 460, 461, 464, and 465.
[0428] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 22 kDa human GH1, the variant of 22 kDa human GH1 comprises a D171A mutations are and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 284, 291, 294, 298, 299, 303, 304, 307, 309, 311, 315, 316, 320, 321, 324, 326, 330, 336, 340, 344, 345, 349, 350, 353, 355, 357, 361, 362, 366, 367, 370, 372, 376, 382, 386, 390, 391, 395, 399, 401, 403, 407, 408, 412, 416, 418, 422, 428, 433, 436, 437, 441, 442, 445, 446, 447, 449, 453, 454, 458, 459, 462, and 464.
[0429] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 22 kDa human GH1, the variant of 22 kDa human GH1 comprises a D171H mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 285, 295, 300, 301, 305, 308, 310, 312, 317, 318, 322, 325, 327, 331, 346, 347, 351, 354, 356, 358, 363, 364, 368, 371, 373, 377, 383, 387, 392, 393, 396, 397, 400, 402, 404, 409, 410, 413, 414, 417, 419, 423, 429, 432, 438, 439, 443, 446, 448, 450, 445, 446, 460, 463, and 465.
[0430] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 22 kDa human GH1, the variant of 22 kDa human GH1 comprises a K172A mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 286, 292, 296, 298, 300, 302, 303, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 313, 315, 317, 319, 320, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 332, 338, 342, 344, 346, 348, 349, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 359, 361, 363, 365, 366, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 378, 384, 388, 390, 392, 394, 395, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 405, 407, 409, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 424, 430, 434, 436, 438, 440, 441, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 451, 453, 455, 457, 458, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, and 465.
[0431] In some embodiments, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 22 kDa human GH1, the variant of 22 kDa human GH1 comprises a F176A mutation and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 287, 293, 297, 299, 301, 302, 303, 304, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 314, 316, 318, 319, 321, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 333, 339, 343, 345, 347, 348, 350, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 360, 362, 364, 365, 367, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 379, 385, 389, 391, 393, 394, 396, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 406, 408, 410, 411, 413, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 425, 431, 435, 437, 439, 440, 442, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 452, 454, 456, 457, 459, 461, 462, 463, 464, and 465.
[0432] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of 22 kDa human GH1, the variant of 22 kDa human GH1 comprising a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs 488, 489, 490, 491 and 492.
[0433] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the second fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises the 22 kDa human GH1 sequence of SEQ ID 503:
[0434] GLP1 sequence and mutations
[0435] In some embodiments, the first fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a GLP-1 variant based on the human GLP-1 (7-37) sequence of SEQ ID NO: 504:
[0436] HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGRG.
[0437] In the present application, amino acid substitutions in variants of a human GLP-1 sequence are numbered based on the numbering of the amino acid sequence of human GLP-1 (1-37) . The amino acid sequence from position 7 to 37 of GLP-1 (1-37) corresponds to the total amino acid sequence of another form of human GLP-1 known as GLP-1 (7-37) . For example, in a variant of GLP-1 (7-37) comprising an A8G substitution, the A residue at position 2 of SEQ ID NO. 504 is substituted with a G residue. For the avoidance of doubt, the numbering used in the present application to define variants of the human GLP-1 (7-37) sequence (SEQ ID NO: 147) is shown below.
[0438] In some embodiments, the first fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a GLP-1 variant, the GLP-1 variant comprising two amino acid substitutions [ (1) : A8G or A8V, and (2) : R36G] in two combinations, combination 1: A8G and R36G, or combination 2: A8V and R36G.
[0439] SEQ ID NO: 496 is a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) containing the two point mutations A8G and R36G.
[0440] Of the two point mutations in the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 496, A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4 (Postgrad Med. 2014 Oct; 126 (6) : 60-72) and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0441] In some embodiments, the first fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a GLP-1 variant, the GLP-1 variant comprising three amino acid substitutions [ (1) : A8G or A8V, (2) G22E and (3) R36G] in two combinations, combination 1: A8G, G22E and R36G, or combination 2: A8V, G22E and R36G.
[0442] SEQ ID NO: 494 is a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) containing the three point mutations A8G, G22E and R36G.
[0443] Of the three point mutations in the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 494, A8G prevents degradation of DPP-4, G22E increases peptide solubility, and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0444] SEQ ID NO: 495 is a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) , containing the three point mutations A8V, G22E and R36G.
[0445] Of the three point mutations in the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 495, A8V prevents degradation of DPP-4 and increases activity (Molecular Metabolism 2023, 75: 101762) , G22E increases peptide solubility, and R36G reduces immunogenicity by eliminating potential T cell epitopes.
[0446] In some embodiments, the first fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of a human GLP-1 sequence with the same combination of mutations as 496 (i.e. A8G and R36G) . In some embodiments, the first fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) , and the variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) comprises or consists of the sequence given by SEQ ID NO: 496.
[0447] In some embodiments, the first fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) , the variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) consists of the sequence given by SEQ ID NO: 496, and the fusion polypeptide has the sequence given by SEQ ID NO 139 or 140.
[0448] In some embodiments, the first fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of a human GLP-1 sequence with the same combination of mutations as SEQ ID NO: 494 (i.e. A8G, G22E and R36G) . In some embodiments, the first fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) , and the variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) comprises or consists of the sequence given by SEQ ID NO: 494.
[0449] In some embodiments, the first fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) , the variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) consists of the sequence given by SEQ ID NO: 494, and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 59, 60, . 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, and 121.
[0450] In some embodiments, the first fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of a human GLP-1 sequence with the same combination of mutations as SEQ ID NO: 495 (i.e. A8V, G22E and R36G) . In some embodiments, the first fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) , and the variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) comprises or consists of the sequence given by SEQ ID NO: 495.
[0451] In some embodiments, the first fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) , the variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) consists of the sequence given by SEQ ID NO: 495, and the fusion polypeptide has a sequence selected from: SEQ ID NO: 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, and 138.
[0452] Sequence Identity
[0453] In some embodiments, the first fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a GLP-1 polypeptide variant that is at least 80%homologous to: human GLP-1 (7-37) (SEQ ID NO: 504) ; or a sequence selected from: SEQ ID NO: 494-496. In some embodiments, the first fragment of the fusion polypeptide comprises a GLP-1 polypeptide variant that is at least 81%homologous, 82%homologous, 83%homologous, 84%homologous, 85%homologous, 86%homologous, 87%homologous, 88%homologous, or 89%homologous, 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to: human GLP-1 (7-37) (SEQ ID NO: 504) ; or a sequence selected from: SEQ ID NO: 494-496.
[0454] In some embodiments, the second fragment comprises a GH protein variant that is at least 80%homologous to: a human GH sequence selected from: 20 kDa human GH2 (SEQ ID NO: 500) , 22 kDa human GH2 (SEQ ID NO: 501) , 20 kDa human GH1 (SEQ ID NO: 502) and 22 kDa human GH1 (SEQ ID NO: 503) ; or a sequence selected from: SEQ ID NO: 469-493. In some embodiments, the second fragment comprises a GH protein variant that is at least 81%homologous, 82%homologous, 83%homologous, 84%homologous, 85%homologous, 86%homologous, 87%homologous, 88%homologous, or 89%homologous, 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to: a human GH sequence selected from: 20 kDa human GH2 (SEQ ID NO: 500) , 22 kDa human GH2 (SEQ ID NO: 501) , 20 kDa human GH1 (SEQ ID NO: 502) and 22 kDa human GH1 (SEQ ID NO: 503) ; or a sequence selected from: SEQ ID NO: 469-493.
[0455] In some embodiments, the first fragment comprises a GLP-1 polypeptide variant that is at least 80%homologous to SEQ ID NO: 494; and / or the second fragment comprises a GH protein variant that is at least 80%homologous to SEQ ID NO: 472. In some embodiments, the first fragment comprises a GLP-1 polypeptide variant that is at least 81%homologous, 82%homologous, 83%homologous, 84%homologous, 85%homologous, 86%homologous, 87%homologous, 88%homologous, or 89%homologous, 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to SEQ ID NO: 494; and / or the second fragment comprises a GH protein variant that is at least 81%homologous, 82%homologous, 83%homologous, 84%homologous, 85%homologous, 86%homologous, 87%homologous, 88%homologous, or 89%homologous, 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to SEQ ID NO: 472.
[0456] In some embodiments, the first fragment comprises a GLP-1 polypeptide variant that is at least 80%homologous to SEQ ID NO: 494 or 496; and the second fragment comprises a GH protein variant that is at least 80%homologous to SEQ ID NO: 472 or 469. In some embodiments, the first fragment comprises a GLP-1 polypeptide variant that is at least 81%homologous, 82%homologous, 83%homologous, 84%homologous, 85%homologous, 86%homologous, 87%homologous, 88%homologous, or 89%homologous, 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to SEQ ID NO: 494 or 496; and the second fragment comprises a GH protein variant that is at least 81%homologous, 82%homologous, 83%homologous, 84%homologous, 85%homologous, 86%homologous, 87%homologous, 88%homologous, or 89%homologous, 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to SEQ ID NO: 472 or 469.
[0457] In some embodiments, the first fragment comprises a GLP-1 polypeptide variant that is at least 80%homologous to SEQ ID NO: 494; and the second fragment comprises a GH protein variant that is at least 80%homologous to SEQ ID NO: 472. In some embodiments, the first fragment comprises a GLP-1 polypeptide variant that is at least 81%homologous, 82%homologous, 83%homologous, 84%homologous, 85%homologous, 86%homologous, 87%homologous, 88%homologous, or 89%homologous, 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to SEQ ID NO: 494; and the second fragment comprises a GH protein variant that is at least 81%homologous, 82%homologous, 83%homologous, 84%homologous, 85%homologous, 86%homologous, 87%homologous, 88%homologous, or 89%homologous, 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to SEQ ID NO: 472.
[0458] In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide has a sequence that is at least 80%homologous to a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-468. In some such embodiments, the fusion polypeptide has a sequence that is at least 81%homologous, 82%homologous, 83%homologous, 84%homologous, 85%homologous, 86%homologous, 87%homologous, 88%homologous, or 89%homologous, 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to a human GLP-1 sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-468.
[0459] In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide has a sequence that is at least 80%homologous to a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 139, 141, 142, 466, 467 and 468. In some such embodiments, the fusion polypeptide has a sequence that is at least 81%homologous, 82%homologous, 83%homologous, 84%homologous, 85%homologous, 86%homologous, 87%homologous, 88%homologous, or 89%homologous, 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to a human GLP-1 sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 139, 141, 142, 466, 467 and 468.
[0460] In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide has a sequence that is at least 80%homologous to a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 139 and 141. In some such embodiments, the fusion polypeptide has a sequence that is at least 81%homologous, 82%homologous, 83%homologous, 84%homologous, 85%homologous, 86%homologous, 87%homologous, 88%homologous, or 89%homologous, 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to a human GLP-1 sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 139 and 141.
[0461] In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide has a sequence that is at least 80%homologous to a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 142, 466, 467 and 468. In some such embodiments, the fusion polypeptide has a sequence that is at least 81%homologous, 82%homologous, 83%homologous, 84%homologous, 85%homologous, 86%homologous, 87%homologous, 88%homologous, or 89%homologous, 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to a human GLP-1 sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 142, 466, 467 and 468.
[0462] In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide has a sequence that is at least 80%homologous to a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 139, 466 and 468. In some such embodiments, the fusion polypeptide has a sequence that is at least 81%homologous, 82%homologous, 83%homologous, 84%homologous, 85%homologous, 86%homologous, 87%homologous, 88%homologous, or 89%homologous, 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to a human GLP-1 sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 139, 466 and 468.
[0463] In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide has a sequence that is at least 80%homologous to a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 139. In some such embodiments, the fusion polypeptide has a sequence that is at least 81%homologous, 82%homologous, 83%homologous, 84%homologous, 85%homologous, 86%homologous, 87%homologous, 88%homologous, or 89%homologous, 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to a human GLP-1 sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 139.
[0464] In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide has a sequence that is at least 80%homologous to a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 466 and 468. In some such embodiments, the fusion polypeptide has a sequence that is at least 81%homologous, 82%homologous, 83%homologous, 84%homologous, 85%homologous, 86%homologous, 87%homologous, 88%homologous, or 89%homologous, 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to a human GLP-1 sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 466 and 468.
[0465] In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide has a sequence that is at least 80%homologous to a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 4 and 139. In some such embodiments, the fusion polypeptide has a sequence that is at least 81%homologous, 82%homologous, 83%homologous, 84%homologous, 85%homologous, 86%homologous, 87%homologous, 88%homologous, or 89%homologous, 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to a human GLP-1 sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 4 and 139.
[0466] In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide has a sequence that is at least 80%homologous to a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 4. In some such embodiments, the fusion polypeptide has a sequence that is at least 81%homologous, 82%homologous, 83%homologous, 84%homologous, 85%homologous, 86%homologous, 87%homologous, 88%homologous, or 89%homologous, 90%homologous, 91%homologous, 92%homologous, 93%homologous, 94%homologous, 95%homologous, 96%homologous, 97%homologous, 98%homologous, or 99%homologous to a human GLP-1 sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 4.
[0467] In some embodiments, for the purpose of calculating sequence identity, conservative amino acid substitutions are considered identical amino acids residues. In some embodiments, for the purpose of calculating sequence identity, conservative amino acid substitutions are considered non-identical amino acids residues.
[0468] Fusion polypeptide sequences
[0469] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the fusion polypeptide sequence comprises (or consists of) a sequence selected from:
[0470] Brief Description of Figures
[0471] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
[0472] Figure 1 shows the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis gel of IPTG induced T7 bacteriophage promoter stained with Coomassie brilliant blue.
[0473] Figure 2 shows the strain containing the sequence given by SEQ ID NO: 6 after IPTG induction, collection of bacteriophage, centrifugation after ultrasonic fragmentation, and SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis of inclusion bodies and supernatants stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue.
[0474] Figure 3 shows the SDS-PAGE electropherogram of nickel column purification after 2 hour enzymatic digestion by SUMO enzyme incubated at room temperature (under reducing conditions) in order to remove an N-terminal protective peptide to give the final fusion polypeptide.
[0475] Figures 4 and 5 show the GLP-1R activity of the GLP-1R / GHR dual-targeting fusion polypeptides. The positive control in Figures 4 and 5 is Semaglutide.
[0476] Figures 6 and 7 show the GHR activity of the GLP-1R / GHR dual-targeting fusion polypeptides. The positive control in Figure 6 and 7 is Somapacitan.
[0477] Figure 8 shows the lipolytic activity of the GLP-1R / GHR dual-targeting fusion polypeptides.
[0478] Figure 9 shows the PRLR activity of the GLP-1R / GHR dual-targeting fusion polypeptides.
[0479] Figure 10 shows the results of an in vivo mouse study for administration of fusion polypeptides having the sequences given by SEQ ID NOs 4 and 139.
[0480] Embodiments
[0481] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely in the following in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without inventive skill fall within the scope of the present invention.
[0482] Example 1: Design of GLP-1R / GHR dual-targeted fusion polypeptides
[0483] The series of fusion polypeptides described in these examples comprise two functional polypeptide fragments. The fusion polypeptides described in these examples have sequences given by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 139, 141, 142, 148, 280, 281, 466, 467 and 468.
[0484] The first functional polypeptide fragment was a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) comprising amino acid substitutions in three combinations: (1) A8G, G22E and R36G; (2) A8V, G22E and R36G; and (3) A8G and R36G. These GLP-1 variants have the sequences given by SEQ NOs 494, 495 and 496, respectively.
[0485] The second functional polypeptide fragment was a variant of a human growth hormone sequence (either GH1 or GH2) . Further activity modulation of the fusion polypeptides included the introduction of different single point mutations (e.g., R49A, D156A, D156H, K157A, F161A) in the sequence of the second functional polypeptide fragment.
[0486] The two functional polypeptide fragments were linked by a flexible linker peptide. The flexible linker peptide has the sequence GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSA (SEQ ID NO 498) or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO 499) .
[0487] The sequences of the fusion polypeptides in these examples are summarised in Table 1 below.
[0488] Table 1 Sequence modifications of example fusion polypeptides.
[0489] Some of the example fusion polypeptides in Table 1 above comprise a Cys mutation (L86C or L101C) for fatty acid chain modification. All fusion polypeptides in Table 1 above comprising a Cys mutation had a C20 fatty acid covalently attached to the Cys residue by a linking group. The fusion polypeptides that did not comprise a Cys mutation, there was no fatty acid attached to the fusion polypeptide.
[0490] In this example, the fatty acid and the linking group together have the following structure prior to attachment to the GH protein (referred to as a bromoacetamide-modified fatty acid and linking group) :
[0491] When the fatty acid and linking group are attached to a Cys residue in the GH protein, the fatty acid and the linking group together have the following structure:
[0492] , where *represents the point of attachment of the linking group to the Cys residue.
[0493] Including the 16 example fusion polypeptides in Table 1, a total of 468 polypeptides (given by SEQ ID NOs 1-468) have been designed for the present invention.
[0494] Example 2: Cloning and expression of GLP-1R / GHR dual-targeted fusion peptide gene
[0495] A gene encoding the amino acid sequence of Example 1 was inserted between the restriction endonuclease NdeI and XhoI cleavage sites of the prokaryotic expression plasmid pET21a, with the N-terminal end of the gene sequence containing a SUMO protection tag, and expression of the inserted gene was driven by the phage T7 promoter. The vector was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) . The monoclonal strain was picked on Luria broth (LB) plates for activation and subsequently inoculated into fresh medium at a ratio of 1: 100 and incubated on a shaker at 37℃ until the OD600 value reached 0.4 to 0.6. Protein expression was induced by the addition of 1 mM IPTG, and the induction was continued for 12 hours at 37℃ on a shaker. 400 μL of culture was taken and centrifuged to remove the supernatant, the bacterial precipitate was resuspended with 64 μL of 1%SDS and 16 μL of 5X loading buffer (reducing) was added. After heating at 100℃ for 5 minutes, centrifugation was done to remove debris and the supernatant was taken and subjected to SDS-PAGE. Protein electrophoresis was performed, and the protein bands were observed by staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue to demonstrate successful expression of the fusion polypeptide. For example, fusion polypeptides of SEQ ID NOs 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 were successfully expressed (Figure 1) . Fusion polypeptides of SEQ ID NOs 1, 2 139, 141, 280, 142, 281, 148, 466, 467 and 468 were also successfully expressed by following similar methodology (results not shown) .
[0496] Due to the the SUMO protection tag a the N-terminal end of the gene sequence, the expressed fusion polypeptides comprised a protective peptide at the N-terminal end of the first fragment. The protective peptide was a SUMO enzyme-specific recognition sequence having the sequence given by SEQ ID NO 497.
[0497] Bacteria were harvested by centrifugation and suspended in PBS, centrifuged to separate the supernatant and precipitate after ultrasonication or high-pressure homogenization and fragmentation treatments, and subjected to SDS-PAGE to demonstrate that the fusion polypeptide was expressed in large amounts in inclusion bodies. For example, SEQ ID NO: 6 was expressed at high levels in the inclusion bodies (Figure 2) .
[0498] The results in Figure 2 show that the strain containing the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 was induced by IPTG, the bacteriophage was collected, ultrasonically broken and centrifuged, and the inclusion bodies and supernatants were plotted on SDS-PAGE electrophoresis gels stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue. The results in Figure 2 showed that the fusion polypeptide was successfully expressed at high level in inclusion bodies.
[0499] Example 3: In vitro replication and purification of GLP-1R / GHR dual-targeted fusion polypeptides
[0500] The centrifugal precipitate obtained in Example 2 was resuspended at 100 mg / ml in bacteria-breaking buffer (PBS, pH 7.2) and subjected to two ultrasonic breakage treatments using the following conditions: power 30%, a clearance time of 5 s, an ultrasonic time of 5 s and a total time of 40 minutes. The inclusion bodies were then collected by centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 25 minutes at 4℃. Inclusion bodies were dissolved in denaturation buffer containing 20 mM Tris, 6 M guanidine hydrochloride, 20 mM cysteamine and pH 10.00, and denatured for 1 hour at 2-8℃ by dissolving inclusion bodies at a ratio of 50 mg / mL. The denaturation step was as follows: the denaturing solution 1: 3 (v / v) was added to the pre-cooled 2-8℃denaturing buffer 1 containing 0.6 M arginine and pH 11, and denaturated for 2 hours at 2-8℃. The denaturing solution was then added 1: 3 (v / v) to the denaturing buffer 1 containing 0.6 M arginine and pH 11, and denaturing was performed for 2 hours at 2-8℃. The complexing solution was then added 1: 4 to pre-cooled complexing buffer 2 containing 10 mM Tris and pH 11.00 at 2-8℃ for 48 hours. The refolded fusion polypeptide was further purified by anion exchange chromatography using CM FF (GE Healthcare / Cytiva) or anion exchange chromatography using Q ImpRes (GE Healthcare / Cytiva) .
[0501] Example 4: Complexation and long-chain fatty acid modification of GLP-1R / GHR dual-targeted fusion polypeptides
[0502] The fusion polypeptide obtained in Example 3 was exchanged with a modification solution containing 20 mM Tris, 20 mM NaAc, 0.5 M Arg at pH 9.0. The concentration of the fusion polypeptide was kept at about 0.5 mg / mL, and the bromoacetamide-modified fatty acid and linking group was added to the solution at 5 times the molar concentration of the fusion polypeptide. The solution was stirred at 25℃ for more than 16 hours to covalently attach the linking group to the protein, followed by subsequent purification steps. Fatty acid modification is a well-known technique and the skilled person will be aware of suitable purification methods to obtain purified fusion polypeptides.
[0503] Example 5: SUMO digestion to remove the N-terminal protective peptide segment and purification
[0504] The complexed fusion polypeptide obtained in Example 4 comprised a protective peptide at the N-terminal end of the fusion polypeptide. To remove the N-terminal protective peptide segment, the fusion polypeptide obtained in Example 4 was exchanged to 20 mM Tris, 20 mM Glycine, 20 mM Arg-HCl, 80 mM NaCl pH 9.5 (0.5 mg / mL protein concentration) , SUMO enzyme was added according to the fusion polypeptide: enzyme mass ratio of 1: 1000, and the enzyme was digested after mixing at room temperature for 1-2 hours. The enzymatic product was purified with nickel affinity columns in flow-through mode to further remove N-terminal tags (protected peptide) and uncut protein (i.e. fusion polypeptide still comprising the N-terminal protective peptide) , and the digested fusion polypeptide with higher purity was obtained (Figure 3) .
[0505] The SUMO enzyme can effectively cut down the N-terminal protected peptide to obtain the fusion polypeptide, as shown in Figure 3 for the fusion polypeptides of SEQ ID NOs 1, 2, 3 and 4.
[0506] Example 6: GLP-1 activity assay of GLP-1R / GHR dual-targeted fusion polypeptides
[0507] BHK21 cells stably expressing GLP-1R as well as the CRE-luciferase reporter gene were spread at 10,000 / 70 μL / well in 96-well plates. 24 hours after plating, 70 μL per well of diluted control drug or assay samples was added. After 5 hours of drug addition and stimulation, the supernatant was discarded, 30 μL / well of Britelite was added, and the assay was carried out after 10 minutes of incubation with shaking. The curve fitting and EC50 calculation were performed by nonlinear regression method using GraphPad Prism software.
[0508] Fusion polypeptides of SEQ ID NOs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 139, 141, 142, 466, 467 and 468 were tested in this example. For comparison, a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising a L101C mutation (SEQ ID NO:475) was also tested. This variant of human 20 kDa GH2 had the same C20 fatty acid and linking group covalently attached to the Cys residue of the L101C mutation as described above for the fusion polypeptides comprising Cys mutations. For each of the fusion polypeptides tested, and the variant of human 20 kDa GH2 (SEQ ID NO: 475) , an assay for a semaglutide positive control (aknown GLP-1 analogue) was run in parallel.
[0509] Figures 4a-4i and 5a-5e show the results of the GLP-1R activity assay for the GLP-1R / GHR dual-targeted fusion polypeptides, which assayed cell lines and reporter genes that could not show GH activity. The results for the fusion polypeptides comprising GH2 protein fragments (SEQ ID NOs 1-7, 139 and 141) are shown in Figures 4a-4i. The results for the fusion polypeptides comprising GH1 protein fragments (SEQ ID NOs 142, 466, 467 and 468) , and the results for the variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising a L101C mutation (SEQ ID NO: 475) are shown in Figures 5a-5e.
[0510] The results show that the GLP-1R / GHR dual-targeted fusion polypeptides effectively activate GLP-1R and the variant of human 20 kDa GH2 had no measurable GLP-1R activity. The EC50 of the fusion polypeptides, the parallel semaglutide controls and the variant of human 20 kDa GH2 were as follows.
[0511] N / A= not applicable, no GLP-1R activity.
[0512] Example 7: GH activity assay of GLP-1R / GHR dual-targeted fusion polypeptides
[0513] HEK293 cell lines stably expressing hGHR and SG-luciferase reporter genes were spread in 96-well plates at 40,000 / 70 μL / well. After 24 hours of plate spreading, diluted control drug or samples to be tested were added (70 μL per well) . After 5 hours of incubation, the supernatant was aspirated, and 30 μL / well of Britelite was added, incubated with shaking for 10 minutes and then assayed. The curve was fitted and the EC50 was calculated by nonlinear regression method using GraphPad Prism software.
[0514] Fusion polypeptides of SEQ ID NOs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 139, 141, 142, 466, 467 and 468 were tested in this example. For comparison, a variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising a L101C mutation (SEQ ID NO:475) was also tested. For each of the fusion polypeptides tested, and the variant of human 20 kDa GH2 (SEQ ID NO: 475) , an assay for a somapacitan positive control (aknown GH analogue) was run in parallel.
[0515] Figures 6a-6i and 7a-7e show the results of the hGHR activity assay for the GLP-1R / GHR dual-targeted fusion polypeptides, which assayed cell lines and reporter genes that could not show GLP-1 activity. The results for the fusion polypeptides comprising GH2 protein fragments (SEQ ID NOs 1-7, 139 and 141) are shown in Figures 6a-6i. The results for the fusion polypeptides comprising GH1 protein fragments (SEQ ID NOs 142, 466, 467 and 468) , and the results for the variant of human 20 kDa GH2 comprising a L101C mutation (SEQ ID NO: 475) are shown in Figures 7a-7e.
[0516] The results show that all of the GLP-1R / GHR dual-targeted fusion polypeptides tested, and the variant of human 20 kDa GH2 (SEQ ID NO: 475) , effectively activate hGHR. The EC50 of the fusion polypeptides, the variant of human 20 kDa GH2 and the parallel somapacitan controls were as follows.
[0517] Example 8: Assay of pro-lipolytic activity of GLP-1R / GHR dual-targeted fusion polypeptides
[0518] Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) was obtained from subcutaneous adipose tissue of the inguinal groin of C57 / BL mice after shearing, digestion, filtration and centrifugation, and was induced to differentiate according to the instructions of the iCell MSC Lipogenic Induced Differentiation Kit from Saibaikang (Shanghai) Bio-technology Co. After 10 days, diluted control drug or samples to be tested was added. Samples were incubated at 37℃, 5%CO2 for 24 hours, the cell supernatant collected, and glycerol assay performed according to the instructions of the Glycerol Content Test Kit from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institution. The rest of the cells were added to the lysis buffer for cell lysis and protein concentration was quantified according to the BCA method. Glycerol content after incubation is used as a measure of lipolytic activity, as it is a byproduct of the breakdown of triglycerides.
[0519] Three assays were conducted. In the first assay, fusion polypeptides with SEQ ID NOs 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 139 were tested. In the second assay, fusion polypeptides with SEQ ID NOs 1, 4, 139, 466 and 468 were tested. For comparison, in the first and second assay, the assay was run for a blank (containing buffer only) and a positive control isoproterenol (acatecholamine drug compound typically used to treat bradycardia conditions and known to induce lipolysis) . In the third assay, the fusion polypeptide with SEQ ID NO 141 was tested and the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO 139 was used as the positive control.
[0520] Figure 8a shows the results of the first assay, Figure 8b shows the results of the second assay and Figure 8c shows the results of the third assay. Figure 8a shows that the fusion polypeptides of SEQ ID NOs 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 139 promoted fat cleavage. Figure 8b shows that the fusion polypeptides of SEQ ID NOs 1, 4, 139, 466 and 468 promoted fat cleavage. Figure 8b shows that the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO 141 promoted fat cleavage. Fusion polypeptides of SEQ ID NOs 2, 3, 4, 5 and 139 in particular showed significant fat cleavage which was comparable to, or better than, the positive control isoproterenol.
[0521] The Bliss Independence Index (BII) (Pharma Res Per, 3 (3) , 2015, e00149) was calculated according to the Bliss Independence Model (BIM) using the results of the lipolytic activity assay. The calculation formula is:
[0522] where O (AB) and E (AB) are the observed and expected efficacy, respectively, and are calculated as follows:
[0523] The observed efficacy, O (AB) , was given by the Glycerol Release Index (GRI) , calculated from the observed glycerol concentration in the lipolytic assay using the following equation:
[0524] where the Observed Glycerol Concentration is the glycerol concentration for the drug, and the Control Glycerol Concentration is the glycerol concentration for the “vehicle control” .
[0525] The expected efficacy, E (AB) , corresponded to the expected efficacy of the combination of semaglutide (aknown GLP-1 analogue, “drug A” ) and somapactitan (aknown GH anologue, “drug B” ) , assuming no synergy. The expected efficacy was calculated based on the lipolytic activity of the individual drugs using the following equation: E (AB) = [E (A) +E (B) ] - [E (A) x E (B) ]
[0526] where the actual efficacy of drug A alone, E (A) , and the actual efficacy of drug B alone, E (B) , are given by the GRI (calculated from the observed glycerol concentration in the lipolytic assay as described above) .
[0527] For the first assay, the positive control isoproterenol had a GRI of 3.832 (at a concentration of 2 μM) . The observed efficacies for semaglutide alone and somapacitan alone (both at a concentration of 2.75 μM) were 0.191 and 0.775, respectively, giving an expected efficacy for the combination, E (AB) , of 0.818. A combination of semaglutide and somapacitan (both at a concentration of 2.75 μM) was tested for comparison with the fusion polypeptides. The observed efficacy (GRI) for the combination was 0.971 and the BII was 0.842, showing slight synergy.
[0528] For the second assay, the positive control isoproterenol had a GRI of 3.456 (at a concentration of 2 μM) . The observed efficacies of semaglutide and somapacitan (both at a concentration of 2.75 μM) were 0.299 and 0.670, respectively, giving an expected efficacy (assuming no synergy) of 0.769. A control combination of semaglutide and somapacitan (both at a concentration of 2.75 μM) was tested for comparison with the fusion polypeptides. The observed efficacy (GRI) for the control combination was 0.777 and the BII was 0.990, showing very little synergy, if any.
[0529] For the third assay, the positive control (the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO 139) had a GRI of 3.37 (at a concentration of 2.95 μM) . The observed efficacies of semaglutide and somapacitan (both at a concentration of 2.95 μM) were 0.076 and 0.450, respectively, giving an expected efficacy (assuming no synergy) of 0.492.
[0530] The observed efficacies and BII index values for the fusion polypeptides tested in Example 8 were as follows:
[0531] NT = not tested
[0532] A BII of less than 1 was determined for the fusion polypeptides of SEQ ID NOs 1-3, 5, 6 and 139 in the first assay, the fusion polypeptides of SEQ ID NOs 4, 139, 466 and 468 in the second assay, and the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO 141 in the third assay, demonstrating a synergistic effect compared with the expected efficacy of the GLP-1 analogue / GH analogue combination of semaglutide and somapacitan. Additionally, compared with the actual observed BII of the semaglutide and somapacitan combination (0.842 and 0.990 for the first and second assay, respectively) , the fusion polypeptides of SEQ ID NOs 1-6, 139, 466 and 468 showed a greater degree of synergy (demonstrated by significantly lower BII values for fusion polypeptides of 0.545 or less) . In particular, synergy was most significant for the fusion polypeptides of SEQ ID NOs 3, 4 and 139 with BII values of less than 0.2.
[0533] Example 9: Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) activity assay
[0534] BAF3-hPRLR cells lines stably expressing human prolactin receptor (hPRLR) genes were plated in 96-well plates at 25,000 cells / 70 μL / well. After 4 hours incubation, serially diluted reference drugs or samples to be tested were added to the wells (70 μL per well) and incubated for another 72 hours, after which CellTiter-Glo reagent (100 μL / well) was added. Cells were incubated for 10 minutes with shaking for detection. The curve fitting and EC50 calculation were performed using GraphPad Prism software using non-linear regression.
[0535] In this example, fusion polypeptides of SEQ ID NOs 4, 139, 142 and 467 were tested. Controls of (human 22 kDa GH1 produced by recombinant DNA technology, sold by Novo Nordisk) and somapacitan (aGH analogue, sold as by Novo Nordisk) were also tested for comparison.
[0536] Figures 9a shows that the control compounds and somapacitan both activated PRLR, with EC50 of 37.09 ng / mL and 272.6 ng / mL, respectively, and that fusion polypeptides with SEQ ID NOs 4 and 139 had no measurable effect on PRLR.
[0537] Figure 9b shows that somapacitan and the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 142 both activated PRLR. EC50 could not be calculated due to the incomplete curve in the concentration range tested. However, Figure 9b shows that, at a given concentration, PRLR activity was lower for the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 142 than somapacitan, demonstrating a lower lactogenic activity for the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 142.
[0538] Figure 9c shows that and the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 467 both activated PRLR. EC50 was calculated to be 13.89 ng / mL for and 86.65 ng / mL for the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 467. The higher EC50 and lower CPM at a given concentration for the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 467 compared with indicates a reduced lactogenic activity for the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 467.
[0539] The absence of lactogenic activity (i.e. activation of PRLR) is thought to be indicative of a reduced chance of side effects associated with unwanted activation of PRLR. This example demonstrates that fusion polypeptides disclosed herein may have reduced lactogenic activity compared with known GH analogues, and in some cases, no measurable lactogenic activity.
[0540] Example 10: In Vivo Mouse Study
[0541] 108 C57BL6 / J mice, 5 weeks old, were fed a high-fat diet for more than 25 weeks in order to induce obesity ( “DIO mice” , DIO = diet induced obesity) . 90 DIO mice were selected based on body weight, food intake, and body composition, and were randomly divided into 9 groups (n=10 / group) as shown in Table 2 below. Semaglutide were provided by Novo Nordisk as solutions and used as supplied.
[0542] Fusion polypeptides were dissolved in a vehicle for administration. The vehicle consisted of 20mM Tris, 20mM Glycine, 0.2M Arginine, 0.1% HS-15 at pH 10.0 for days 1-7 and 20mM Tris, 20mM Glycine, 20 mM Arg-HCl, 80mM NaCl, 0.1% HS-15 at pH 10.0 for days 8-21, while the other groups received the corresponding drugs. The vehicle was changed after 7 days because the mice developed skin allergies and ulcers. Upon changing to the vehicle used for days 8-21, there was no aggravation or deterioration of the symptoms, but some mice still had ulceration.
[0543] All groups received once daily administration for 21 days. The model-vehicle group (group 1) received the vehicle only, while the other groups received the corresponding drugs.
[0544] Table 2 Mouse groups for in vivo study
[0545] During the experiment, animal weight loss and blood glucose control-related parameters were monitored for 22 days from the start of administration. The monitored parameters were: body weight, food intake, body composition, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) , plasma insulin, serum IGF1, and Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) .
[0546] Figure 10a shows the change in bodyweight of the DIO mice in groups 1-9 over 22 days. The semaglutide monotherapy and semaglutide / somapacitan combination groups (groups 1-5) showed significant weight loss by day 4. Weight loss in these groups plateaued after 11 days, with a slight increase in weight between days 15-22 in the combination groups 4 and 5. Administration of the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 139 (group 9) resulted in stable body weight over the course of the 22 days. Administration of the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 4 (groups 6-8) resulted in slightly decreased bodyweight, but weight loss was not as significant as the semaglutide or semaglutide / somapacitan combination groups at the dosages tested. The extent of weight loss in mice administered the semaglutide / somapacitan combination or the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 4 (groups 4 and 5, and 6-8) was found to be dose-dependent. For the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 4, weight loss was approximately 6%of starting bodyweight after 22 days at 60 or 120 nmol / kg dosage (groups 6 and 7) , increasing to 12%weight loss in the group administered the dosage of 240 nmol / kg (group 8) .
[0547] Figure 10b shows the change in fat mass of the DIO mice in groups 1-9 over 22 days. Fat mass decreased in all groups. The extent of the decrease in fat mass in mice administered the semaglutide / somapacitan combination or the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 4 (groups 4 and 5, and 6-8) was found to be dose-dependent. For the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 4, decrease in fat mass was approximately 30%of starting fat mass after 22 days at 60 or 120 nmol / kg dosage (groups 6 and 7) , increasing to 44%decrease in fat mass in the group administered the dosage of 240 nmol / kg (group 8) . For the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 139, decrease in fat mass was approximately 12%of starting fat mass after 22 days at 60 nmol / kg dosage (group 9) . Both fusion polypeptides resulted in a decrease in total fat mass, with the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO 4 showing a greater decrease in fat mass compared with the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 139 at the equivalent dosage of 60 nmol / kg (groups 6 and 9) .
[0548] Figure 10c shows the change in lean mass of the DIO mice in groups 1-9 over 22 days. Mice administered semaglutide monotherapy (group 2) showed a decrease in lean mass over 22 days. Mice administered the semaglutide / somapacitan combination therapy (groups 4 and 5) , or the fusion polypeptides (groups 6-9) , showed maintained or increased lean mass after 22 days. As expected, the mice administered the somapacitan monotherapy (group 3) showed the highest increase in lean mass, but this was not in combination with a decrease in overall body weight (see Figure 10a) .
[0549] For mice administered the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 4, increase in lean mass was approximately 6-8%after 22 days (compared with starting lean mass) at the three dosages tested, showing very little dose-dependence. For the fusion polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 139, increase in lean mass was approximately 3%of starting lean mass after 22 days at 60 nmol / kg dosage (group 9) .
[0550] The above describes in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments, and within the scope of the technical conception of the present invention, a variety of simple variations of the technical solution of the present invention can be carried out, and all of these simple variations fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0551] It is also to be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention does not separately describe the various possible combinations.
Claims
A fusion polypeptide comprising a first fragment and a second fragment, wherein the first fragment and the second fragment are fused together at a fusion site; the first fragment comprises a GLP-1 polypeptide or a variant thereof, and the second fragment comprises a GH protein or a variant thereof.The fusion polypeptide according to claim 1, wherein:the first fragment comprises a GLP-1 polypeptide variant that is at least 90%homologous to a human GLP-1 polypeptide sequence; and / orthe second fragment comprises a GH protein or variant that is at least 90%homologous to a human GH sequence selected from: 20 kDa human GH2 (SEQ ID NO: 500) , 22 kDa human GH2 (SEQ ID NO: 501) , 20 kDa human GH1 (SEQ ID NO: 502) and 22 kDa human GH1 (SEQ ID NO: 503) .The fusion polypeptide according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the first fragment comprises a GLP-1 polypeptide variant which is a variant of human GLP-1 (7-37) (SEQ ID NO: 504) comprising one or more mutations selected from A8G or A8V, G22E and R36G.The fusion polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second fragment comprises a GH protein variant which is:a variant of 20 kDa human GH2 comprising one or more mutations selected from R49A, D156A or D156H, K157A and F161A;a variant of 22 kDa human GH2 comprising one or more mutations selected from R64A, D171A or D171H, K172A and F176A;a variant of 20 kDa human GH1 comprising one or more mutations selected from R49A, D156A or D156H, K157A and F161A; ora variant of 22 kDa human GH1 comprising one or more mutations selected from R64A, D171A or D171H, K172A and F176A.The fusion polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second fragment comprises a GH protein variant which is:a variant of 20 kDa human GH2 comprising a mutation selected from L86C, R18C and N84C;a variant of 22 kDa human GH2 comprising a mutation selected from L101C, R18C, Y35C, Y42C and N99C;a variant of 20 kDa human GH1 comprising a mutation selected from L86C, H18C and N84C; ora variant of 22 kDa human GH1 comprising a mutation selected from L101C, H18C, Y35C, Y42C and N99C.The fusion polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second fragment comprises a GH protein variant which is:a variant of 20 kDa human GH2 comprising a mutation selected from L86C, R18C, and N84C; and one or more mutations selected from R49A, D156A or D156H, K157A and F161A;a variant of 22 kDa human GH2 comprising a mutation selected from L101C, R18C, N99C, Y35C and Y42C; and one or more mutations selected from R64A, D171A or D171H, K172A and F176A;a variant of 20 kDa human GH1 comprising a mutation selected from L86C, H18C, and N84C; and one or more mutations selected from R49A, D156A or D156H, K157A and F161A; ora variant of 22 kDa human GH1 comprising a mutation selected from L101C, H18C, N99C, Y35C and Y42C; and one or more mutations selected from R64A, D171A or D171H, K172A and F176A.The fusion polypeptide according to claim 5 or claim 6, wherein the Cys residue of the L86C, R18C, H18C, N84C, L101C, N99C, Y35C or Y42C mutation is covalently attached to a C16 to C22 fatty acid.The fusion polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein:the fusion site further comprises a flexible linker sequence; andthe flexible linker sequence comprises a (GGGGS) nA sequence, a (GGGS) nA sequence, a (SGGGG) nA sequence, or a (SGGG) nA sequence; and n=2-10.The fusion polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first fragment comprises a GLP-1 polypeptide variant that is at least 90%homologous to:human GLP-1 (7-37) (SEQ ID NO: 504) ; ora sequence selected from: SEQ ID NO: 494-496.The fusion polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the second fragment comprises a GH protein variant that is at least 90%homologous to:a human GH sequence selected from: 20 kDa human GH2 (SEQ ID NO: 500) , 22 kDa human GH2 (SEQ ID NO: 501) , 20 kDa human GH1 (SEQ ID NO: 502) and 22 kDa human GH1 (SEQ ID NO: 503) ; ora sequence selected from: SEQ ID NO: 469-493.The fusion polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein:the first fragment comprises a GLP-1 polypeptide variant that is at least 90%homologous to SEQ ID NO: 494; andthe second fragment comprises a GH protein variant that is at least 90%homologous to SEQ ID NO: 472.The fusion polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the fusion polypeptide has a sequence that is at least 90%homologous to any one of: SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 468.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the fusion polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 12, and a pharmaceutical excipient, diluent or carrier.The fusion polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 12, or the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 13, for use in therapy.A non-therapeutic method of losing weight, the method comprising administering to a subject the fusion polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 12, or the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 13.A method of treating obesity, the method comprising administering to a subject the fusion polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 12, or the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 13.