Method and apparatus for measurement
The method and apparatus enable adaptive measurement strategies for OD-SSB transmissions, addressing energy inefficiencies and interference in NR networks by optimizing SSB transmissions based on UE states, thereby enhancing energy savings and flexibility.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/105458
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-07-12
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-15
AI Technical Summary
Current network deployments in wireless communication networks, particularly in NR, face challenges with excessive energy consumption and interference due to fixed SSB transmissions, which are not optimized for varying UE states or operations, especially with the introduction of on-demand SSB (OD-SSB) transmissions.
A method and apparatus for a terminal device to perform measurements based on configuration information indicating OD-SSB transmissions, allowing adaptive measurement strategies that include both OD-SSB and always-on SSB transmissions, with mechanisms for switching between them as needed.
Enhances network energy savings and flexibility in signal transmissions by optimizing measurements according to UE states, reducing power consumption and interference.
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Figure CN2025105458_15012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASUREMENTFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to communication networks, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for measurement.BACKGROUND
[0002] This section introduces aspects that may facilitate a better understanding of the disclosure. Accordingly, the statements of this section are to be read in this light and are not to be understood as admissions about what is in the prior art or what is not in the prior art.
[0003] With the rapid development of networking and communication technologies, wireless communication networks such as long-term evolution (LTE) / fourth generation (4G) network and new radio (NR) / fifth generation (5G) network are expected to achieve high traffic capacity and energy efficiency. In order to connect to a communication network to obtain a network service, a terminal device such as a user equipment (UE) may need to receive some system information (SI) and reference signals (e.g., synchronization signals (SS) , etc. ) as well as control information indicating the related radio resource configuration from a network node.
[0004] NR SS may consist of primary SS (PSS) and secondary SS (SSS) . NR physical broadcast channel (PBCH) may carry the basic SI. In a NR network, PSS, SSS and PBCH may be always transmitted together and the combination of PSS, SSS and PBCH may be referred as SS / PBCH blocks or SSBs for short. SSB may be primarily used for performing the radio resource management (RRM) measurements, beam measurements, synchronization measurements, etc. Considering the diversity of network configurations and application scenarios, different SSB transmissions (e.g., no always-on SSB transmission, always-on SSB periodical transmission, etc. ) may be supported by the network (NW) , and the measurements based on SSB transmissions may become more challenging.SUMMARY
[0005] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0006] Current network deployments typically configure a fixed transmission rate for reference signals (e.g., SSBs, etc. ) irrespective of UEs’ states or operations. For example, according to the existing solution, all SSBs are constantly provided at the same transmission rate (e.g., every 20ms) to satisfy the most demanding scenario (e.g., CONNECTED mode UEs, etc. ) . As the number of SSB transmissions increases, the SSB transmissions at such a high rate will increase power consumption and introduce excessive interference. NW energy consumption in NR increases with respect to LTE due to more complex hardware (HW) , e.g., a higher bandwidth (BW) and a larger number of transceivers. This is particularly more evident when the NW operates in higher frequencies. In order to enhance NW energy savings for NR, the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) Release 19 (Rel-19) studies on-demand SSB (OD-SSB) transmission, e.g., as an enhancement to a secondary cell (SCell) activation operation. However, the existing measurement mechanisms are designed for the legacy SSB transmission (e.g., always-on SSB periodical transmission on a cell, etc. ) and may not applicable for the OD-SSB transmission. Therefore, it may be desirable to design a measurement mechanism based on the OD-SSB transmission.
[0007] Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure propose a solution for measurement, which can enable a terminal device to implement OD-SSB based measurements.
[0008] It can be appreciated that the terms “always-on SSB periodical transmission” , “always-on SSB transmission” , “legacy always-on SSB transmission” and “legacy SSB transmission” may be used interchangeably in this document. Compared to the OD-SSB transmission, the always-on SSB transmission is a typical SSB transmission configuration used in legacy communication networks.
[0009] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a terminal device. The method comprises: receiving configuration information from a network node. The configuration information may indicate a measurement object (MO) associated with one or more OD-SSB transmissions.
[0010] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the configuration information may include an indicator indicating that the MO is an OD-SSB related MO for which a measurement is based at least in part on the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.
[0011] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the configuration information may include information about a frequency and / or an SSB measurement time configuration (SMTC) of the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.
[0012] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, a measurement for the MO may be based at least in part on the one or more OD-SSB transmissions and / or on one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions for the MO.
[0013] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the configuration information may be for a serving cell of the terminal device and include an identifier of the MO for the serving cell. In an embodiment, the identifier of the MO may indicate that the MO is associated with the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.
[0014] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the configuration information may include information about a relation between the one or more OD-SSB transmissions and one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions.
[0015] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the relation between the one or more OD-SSB transmissions and the one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions may include a frequency relation, a bandwidth part (BWP) relation, and / or a quasi-co-location (QCL) relation.
[0016] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the method according to the first aspect of the present disclosure may optionally further comprise: performing a measurement for the MO according to the configuration information.
[0017] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the method according to the first aspect of the present disclosure may optionally further comprise: receiving, from the network node, an OD-SSB indication indicating that the one or more OD-SSB transmissions are upcoming. In an embodiment, the OD-SSB indication may be used to instruct the terminal device to prepare for performing the measurement for the MO by using at least the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.
[0018] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, performing the measurement for the MO according to the configuration information may comprise: performing the measurement for the MO by using at least the one or more OD-SSB transmissions, in response to receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node.
[0019] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the terminal device may perform no measurement for the MO until receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node.
[0020] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when the terminal device is configured to perform a measurement for a neighbor cell, the terminal device may perform the measurement for the neighbor cell until receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node.
[0021] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, performing the measurement for the MO according to the configuration information may comprise: performing the measurement for the MO by using one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions, prior to receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node.
[0022] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node, the terminal device may switch from a frequency of the one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions to a frequency of the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.
[0023] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, in response to receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node, the terminal device may perform the measurement for the MO by using both the one or more OD-SSB transmissions and the one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions.
[0024] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, there may be a time gap between the terminal device receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node and starting the measurement for the MO by using the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.
[0025] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when there is an always-on SSB periodical transmission for the MO within the time gap, the terminal device may perform the measurement for the MO by using the always-on SSB periodical transmission.
[0026] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when there is an always-on SSB periodical transmission for the MO within the time gap or after the terminal device starts the measurement for the MO by using the one or more OD-SSB transmissions, the terminal device may ignore the always-on SSB periodical transmission.
[0027] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus which may be implemented as a terminal device. The apparatus may comprise one or more processors and one or more memories storing computer program codes. The one or more memories and the computer program codes may be configured to, with the one or more processors, cause the apparatus at least to perform any step of the method according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.
[0028] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable medium having computer program codes embodied thereon which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform any step of the method according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.
[0029] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus which may be implemented as a terminal device. The apparatus may comprise a receiving unit and optionally a performing unit. In accordance with some exemplary embodiments, the receiving unit may be operable to carry out at least the receiving step of the method according to the first aspect of the present disclosure. The performing unit may be operable to carry out at least the performing step of the method according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.
[0030] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a network node. The method comprises: determining configuration information which indicates an MO associated with one or more OD-SSB transmissions. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the method further comprises: transmitting the configuration information to a terminal device.
[0031] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the configuration information transmitted by the network node according to the fifth aspect of the present disclosure may correspond to the configuration information received by the terminal device according to the first aspect of the present disclosure. Thus, the configuration information according to the first and fifth aspects of the present disclosure may have the same or similar contents and / or feature elements.
[0032] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the method according to the fifth aspect of the present disclosure may optionally further comprise: transmitting, to the terminal device, an OD-SSB indication indicating that the one or more OD-SSB transmissions are upcoming. In an embodiment, the OD-SSB indication may be used to instruct the terminal device to prepare for performing a measurement for the MO by using at least the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.
[0033] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the method according to the fifth aspect of the present disclosure may optionally further comprise: receiving a report of a measurement for the MO from the terminal device. In an embodiment, the measurement for the MO may be performed by the terminal device via using one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions and / or the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.
[0034] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus which may be implemented as a network node. The apparatus may comprise one or more processors and one or more memories storing computer program codes. The one or more memories and the computer program codes may be configured to, with the one or more processors, cause the apparatus at least to perform any step of the method according to the fifth aspect of the present disclosure.
[0035] According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable medium having computer program codes embodied thereon which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform any step of the method according to the fifth aspect of the present disclosure.
[0036] According to an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus which may be implemented as a network node. The apparatus may comprise a determining unit and a transmitting unit. In accordance with some exemplary embodiments, the determining unit may be operable to carry out at least the determining step of the method according to the fifth aspect of the present disclosure. The transmitting unit may be operable to carry out at least the transmitting step of the method according to the fifth aspect of the present disclosure.
[0037] According to various exemplary embodiments, a terminal device can obtain configuration information of an MO from a network node. The configuration information may indicate that the MO is associated with one or more OD-SSB transmissions. According to the configuration information, the terminal device can perform a measurement for the MO adaptively, e.g., based at least in part on the one or more OD-SSB transmissions and / or one or more legacy SSB transmissions (e.g., one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions, etc. ) . This can enhance flexibility of signal transmissions and measurements while improving energy efficiency.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0038] The disclosure itself, the preferable mode of use and further objectives are best understood by reference to the following detailed description of the embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0039] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating exemplary SSB and SMTC according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0040] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating exemplary measurement switching according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0041] Figs. 3A-3B are diagrams illustrating exemplary OD-SSB measurement timelines according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0042] Figs. 4A-4B are flowcharts illustrating various methods according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0043] Fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0044] Figs. 6A-6B are block diagrams illustrating various apparatuses according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0045] Fig. 7 shows an example of a communication system in accordance with some embodiments;
[0046] Fig. 8 shows a UE in accordance with some embodiments;
[0047] Fig. 9 shows a network node in accordance with some embodiments; and
[0048] Fig. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0049] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only for the purpose of enabling those skilled persons in the art to better understand and thus implement the present disclosure, rather than suggesting any limitations on the scope of the present disclosure. Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present disclosure should be or are in any single embodiment of the disclosure. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics of the disclosure may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the disclosure may be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the disclosure.
[0050] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as new radio (NR) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , high-speed packet access (HSPA) , and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network node in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , 4G, 4.5G, 5G communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0051] The term “network node” refers to a network device in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses to the network and receives services therefrom. The network node may refer to a base station (BS) , an access point (AP) , a multi-cell / multicast coordination entity (MCE) , a controller or any other suitable device in a wireless communication network. The BS may be, for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNodeB or gNB) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, and so forth.
[0052] Yet further examples of the network node comprise multi-standard radio (MSR) radio equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, positioning nodes and / or the like. More generally, however, the network node may represent any suitable device (or group of devices) capable, configured, arranged, and / or operable to enable and / or provide a terminal device access to a wireless communication network or to provide some service to a terminal device that has accessed to the wireless communication network.
[0053] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that can access a communication network and receive services therefrom. By way of example and not limitation, the terminal device may refer to a mobile terminal, a user equipment (UE) , or other suitable devices. The UE may be, for example, a subscriber station, a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) or an access terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, portable computers, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a tablet, a wearable device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a vehicle, and the like.
[0054] As yet another specific example, in an Internet of things (IoT) scenario, a terminal device may also be called an IoT device and represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring, sensing and / or measurements etc., and transmits the results of such monitoring, sensing and / or measurements etc. to another terminal device and / or a network equipment. The terminal device may in this case be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which may in a 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) context be referred to as a machine-type communication (MTC) device.
[0055] As one particular example, the terminal device may be a UE implementing the 3GPP narrow band Internet of things (NB-IoT) standard. Particular examples of such machines or devices are sensors, metering devices such as power meters, industrial machinery, or home or personal appliances, e.g., refrigerators, televisions, personal wearables such as watches etc. In other scenarios, a terminal device may represent a vehicle or other equipment, for example, a medical instrument that is capable of monitoring, sensing and / or reporting etc. on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
[0056] As used herein, the terms “first” , “second” and so forth refer to different elements. The singular forms “a” and “an” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components and the like, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on” . The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment” . The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment” . Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0057] The 3GPP Rel-19 Work Item entitled “Enhancements of network energy savings for NR”includes some objectives related to OD-SSB transmission. 3GPP RP-234065 specifies procedures and signaling method (s) to support OD-SSB SCell operation for UEs in connected mode configured with carrier aggregation (CA) , for both intra- / inter-band CA [RAN1 / 2 / 3 / 4] . For example, 3GPP specifies triggering method (s) , e.g., selecting from UE uplink wake-up-signal using an existing signal / channel, cell on / off indication via backhaul, SCell activation / deactivation signaling. It is noted that OD-SSB transmission can be used by a UE for at least SCell time / frequency synchronization, L1 / L3 measurements and SCell activation, and can be supported for frequency range 1 (FR1) and frequency range 2 (FR2) in non-shared spectrum.
[0058] 3GPP defines some intra-frequency measurement requirements. As described in 3GPP technical specification (TS) 38.133 V18.5.0, a measurement is defined as a SSB based intra-frequency measurement provided the center frequency of the SSB of a serving cell indicated for measurement and the center frequency of the SSB of a neighbor cell are the same, and the subcarrier spacing of the two SSBs are also the same. For example, if a UE supports ncd-SSB-BWP-Wor-r18, a measurement is defined as a SSB based intra-frequency measurement provided the center frequency of the reference SSB of the serving cell and the center frequency of the SSB of the neighbor cell are the same, and the subcarrier spacing of the two SSBs are also the same. The reference SSB is the SSB defined in BWP-specific servingCellMO under BWP-DownlinkDedicated of active downlink (DL) BWP. If this field is absent, the reference SSB is the SSB defined in servingCellMO under ServingCellConfig as described in 3GPP TS 38.331 V18.2.0.
[0059] In accordance with exemplary embodiments, Table 1 lists measurement periods for intra-frequency measurements without gaps in case of FR1, and Table 2 lists measurement periods for intra-frequency measurements without gaps in case of FR2. Table 1 Table 2
[0060] Deactivated SCell measurement requirement is defined in 3GPP TS 38.133 V18.5.0. In accordance with exemplary embodiments for deactivated SCell, Table 3 lists measurement periods for intra-frequency measurements without gaps in case of FR1, and Table 4 lists measurement periods for intra-frequency measurements without gaps in case of FR2. Table 3 Table 4
[0061] As described in 3GPP TS 38.331 V18.0.0, the deactivated SCell measurement cycle may be configured in MeasObjectNR as follow. measCycleSCell ENUMERATED {sf160, sf256, sf320, sf512, sf640, sf1024, sf1280}
[0062] The parameter measCycleSCell may be used only when an SCell is configured on the frequency indicated by the measObjectNR and is in deactivated state, e.g., as described in 3GPP TS 38.133 V18.5.0. A gNB may configure this parameter whenever an SCell is configured on the frequency indicated by the measObjectNR, but the parameter / field may also be signaled when an SCell is not configured. Value sf160 may correspond to 160 sub-frames, value sf256 may correspond to 256 sub-frames, and so on.
[0063] In a NR network, multiple SSBs may be transmitted in a localized burst set. Within an SS burst set, multiple SSBs can be transmitted in different beams. The transmission of SSBs within a localized burst set is confined to a 5ms window and the SSB and SSB burst set may be repeated in a periodic manner. The SSB periodicity can be configured from the value set {5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160} ms.
[0064] Since SSB periodicity can be as low as 5ms, a UE may not need to perform RRM measurements or beam management measurements or synchronization measurements with the periodicity of SSB. To inform the UE about the SSB measurement periodicity, SSB measurement time configuration (SMTC) is introduced in NR. The SMTC may consist of SMTC periodicity and SMTC window length.
[0065] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating exemplary SSB and SMTC according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 1, multiple SSBs in an SSB burst set may be transmitted with an SSB periodicity. In a NR network, since different beams can be configured to cover different spatial implementations, a UE may not need to measure all the spatial directions. The beams to be measured can be controlled or configurable through an SMTC window. The SMTC window length can indicate the location of the SSB to be measured within the SSB burst set. The signaling of SMTC window may inform the UE of the timing and periodicity of SSBs that the UE can use for measurements. The SMTC window periodicity can be configured from the value set {5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160} ms, matching the possible SSB periodicities. The SMTC window duration can be configured from the value set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} ms. The SMTC window duration may also be simply called as SMTC duration or SMTC length or SMTC occasion duration or SMTC occasion length, etc.
[0066] In 3GPP RAN1 #116 meeting, it was agreed that two scenarios may be supported for OD-SSB. According to the agreement, regarding the UE assumption on SSB transmission on a cell supporting OD-SSB SCell operation, the following cases are identified for further study: · Case 1: No always-on SSB on the cell; and · Case 2: Always-on SSB is periodically transmitted on the cell.
[0067] Network energy saving (NES) , being of great importance for environmental sustainability, to reduce environmental impact (greenhouse gas emissions) and for operational cost savings, has been studied from 3GPP Rel-18. Regarding those promising techniques which are raised but not specified, it is agreed that WI, RP-234065, in 3GPP Rel-19 aims to study and specify them including OD-SSB and on-demand system information block 1 (SIB1) transmissions, as well as adaptation of common signal / channel transmissions. Among them, OD-SSB is considered to be an enhancement to SCell activation operation. However, it is unclear how the OD-SSB can be used for measurement. Therefore, it may be desirable to exploit a mechanism applying to OD-SSB measurement.
[0068] Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure propose solutions to implement measurements using OD-SSB transmissions, e.g., in an SCell. To achieve power savings in a network, with the help of this Rel-19 NES feature, i.e., OD-SSB transmissions in general, the solutions propose how to configure OD-SSB transmissions and / or how to perform measurements using OD-SSB transmissions. By applying the proposed solutions, a UE can receive OD-SSB transmissions and perform measurements using the OD-SSB transmissions according to the configuration. After the UE finished the measurements and reported a measurement report, the NW can have a chance to go to sleep by turning off the OD-SSB transmissions or lowering down the transmission periodicity of OD-SSB.
[0069] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, a UE may receive at least a message indicating a configuration of SSB transmission, e.g., in a SCell for performing measurements. The UE may perform OD-SSB measurements using the proposed solutions according to the present disclosure. This is beneficial for the UE to shorten the measurement by waiting for SSB transmission for performing measurements based on OD-SSB transmission.
[0070] Many advantages may be achieved by applying the proposed solutions. For example, according to an indication from the NW (e.g., from a network node such as a gNB, etc. ) , a UE can understand how to perform measurements based on different OD-SSB configurations, e.g., with no always-on SSB transmission or with always-on SSB periodical transmission. In addition, the UE can also suspend / skip / drop the measurements on the frequency layer OD-SSB until the OD-SSB transmission is indicated.
[0071] In accordance with exemplary embodiments, examples of network nodes may comprise NodeB, BS, MSR radio node such as MSR BS, eNodeB, gNodeB, MeNB, SeNB, location measurement unit (LMU) , integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, network controller, radio network controller (RNC) , base station controller (BSC) , relay, donor node controlling relay, base transceiver station (BTS) , central unit (e.g. in a gNB) , distributed unit (e.g. in a gNB) , baseband unit, centralized baseband, C-RAN, AP, transmission points, transmission nodes, transmission reception point (TRP) , RRU, RRH, nodes in distributed antenna system (DAS) , core network node (e.g. MSC, MME, etc. ) , O&M, OSS, SON, positioning node (e.g. E-SMLC) , etc.
[0072] The non-limiting term “UE” refers to any type of wireless device communicating with a network node and / or with another UE in a cellular or mobile communication system. Examples of UEs may comprise target device, device to device (D2D) UE, vehicular to vehicular (V2V) , machine type UE, MTC UE or UE capable of machine to machine (M2M) communication, PDA, tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone, laptop embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, etc.
[0073] The term “radio access technology” or “RAT” may refer to any RAT, e.g., UTRA, E-UTRA, narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) , WiFi, Bluetooth, next generation RAT, NR, 4G, 5G, etc. Any of the equipment denoted by the term node, network node or radio network node may be capable of supporting a single or multiple RATs.
[0074] The term “signal” or “radio signal” used herein can be any physical signal or physical channel. Examples of DL physical signals may comprise reference signal (RS) such as PSS, SSS, channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) , demodulation reference signal (DMRS) signals in SS / PBCH block (SSB) , discovery reference signal (DRS) , cell reference signal (CRS) , positioning reference signal (PRS) , etc. RS may be periodic, e.g. RS occasion carrying one or more RSs may occur with certain periodicity, e.g. 20ms, 40ms, etc. The RS may also be aperiodic. Each SSB may carry NR-PSS, NR-SSS and NR-PBCH in 4 successive symbols. One or multiple SSBs may be transmitted in one SSB burst which may be repeated with certain periodicity, e.g. 5ms, 10ms, 20ms, 40ms, 80ms and 160ms. The UE may be configured with information about SSB on cells of certain carrier frequency by one or more SS / PBCH block measurement timing configuration (SMTC) configurations. The SMTC configuration may comprise parameters such as SMTC periodicity, SMTC occasion length in time or duration, SMTC time offset with regard to reference time (e.g., serving cell’s system frame number (SFN) ) , etc. Therefore, SMTC occasion may also occur with certain periodicity, e.g. 5ms, 10ms, 20ms, 40ms, 80ms and 160ms. Examples of uplink (UL) physical signals may comprise reference signals such as sounding reference signal (SRS) , DMRS, etc. The term “physical channel” refers to any channel carrying higher layer information, e.g. data information, control information, etc. Examples of physical channels may comprise PBCH, NPBCH, PDCCH, PDSCH, sPUCCH, sPDSCH, sPUCCH, sPUSCH, MPDCCH, NPDCCH, NPDSCH, E-PDCCH, PUSCH, PUCCH, NPUSCH, etc.
[0075] The term “aperiodic-temporary reference symbol” or “A-TRS” used herein may be a Rel-17 application of the CSI-RS for the UE measurement to settle the automatic gain control (AGC) during the secondary cell activation timeline. A-TRS can be typical NZP CSI-RS which follow the configuration from higher layer.
[0076] The term “time resource” used herein may correspond to any type of physical resource or radio resource expressed in terms of length of time. Examples of “time resources” may comprise symbol, time slot, subframe, radio frame, transmission time interval (TTI) , interleaving time, slot, sub-slot, mini-slot, SFN cycle, hyper-SFN (H-SFN) cycle, etc.
[0077] More details of the proposed solutions of the present disclosure will be described below in connection with various exemplary embodiments. The exemplary embodiments are mainly described with respect to two OD-SSB based scenarios. In a first OD-SSB based SCell scenario for Case 1 (e.g., there is no always-on SSB on the cell) , the NW may not configure a UE with SSB transmission. Afterwards, the NW can indicate a high-rate SSB periodicity which may be called as OD-SSB to perform measurement. In a second OD-SSB based SCell scenario for Case 2 (e.g., always-on SSB is periodically transmitted on the cell) , the NW may configure a UE with SSB transmission with a low-rate SSB periodicity. Afterwards, the NW can further indicate a high-rate SSB periodicity which may be called as OD-SSB to perform measurement. For these two scenarios, the NW may indicate an OD-SSB transmission in time slot n, and the UE may be expected to receive the OD-SSB transmission in time slot n+T’ , where T’ may depend on the UE’s parsing time and / or other uncertain time, such as the offset of SSB transmission. It can be appreciated that the two scenarios are just examples and various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applicable to other possible communication scenarios.
[0078] For Case 1 where there is no legacy always-on SSB transmission, when the NW configures an MO (e.g., as the same frequency of an OD-SSB serving cell) , a UE may be assumed to perform the OD-SSB frequency measurement starting from an OD-SSB indication triggered by the NW (optionally plus additional time duration T such as processing time, switching time, etc. ) . In an embodiment, when the UE receives the MO’s configuration, the UE may not be required to perform measurements for this MO until the OD-SSB transmission indicated by the NW (optionally plus additional time duration T) . For example, the UE can mute the measurement before the NW indicates the OD-SSB transmission in case of no legacy always-on SSB transmission. In another embodiment, when the UE receives the configuration for a MO (e.g., as the same frequency of the OD-SSB serving cell) , the UE may be required to perform measurements for neighbor cells until the OD-SSB transmission starts as indicated by the NW (optionally plus additional time duration T) if the NW indicates such neighbor cell measurements.
[0079] For Case 2 where there is a legacy always-on SSB transmission, before the NW indicates the OD-SSB transmission, a UE may be assumed to use the legacy always-on SSB transmission to perform a measurement if the legacy always-on SSB measurement configuration is received by the UE. In an embodiment, the UE may be assumed to switch to the OD-SSB frequency to perform measurements starting from the OD-SSB indication triggered by the NW (optionally plus additional time duration T) .
[0080] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the NW may implement an OD-SSB measurement configuration of a UE. In an embodiment, one or more indicators / flags may be introduced in the measurement configuration to differentiate the OD-SSB measurement and the legacy always-on SSB measurement in a cell. For example, when the NW configures one or more MOs to the UE, the NW may indicate the MOs with OD-SSBs to differentiate these OD-SSB related MOs from other MOs with legacy always-on SSBs in a serving cell if configured. When the UE receives the OD-SSB related MOs’ configuration, the UE may skip / suspend / stop the measurements related to such MOs until the UE receives the NW’s indication to transmit / activate the OD-SSBs.
[0081] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, an MO may be indicated by an MO identifier (ID) . For an MO configuration, it may be possible to include both a legacy always-on SSB frequency and an OD-SSB frequency. For example, when the NW configures N legacy always-on SSB MOs and M OD-SSB MOs, the total MOs number is M+N. The MO ID index may be from 1 to M+N. In the MO configuration, the NW may indicate that the MO is associated with OD-SSB, e.g., by using an explicit indication.
[0082] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the NW may configure OD-SSB directly within the legacy MO’s configuration (e.g., in an information element (IE) “MeasObjectNR” , etc. ) with a new element such as “isOnDemandssb” as follow.
[0083] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when a UE receives a configuration for a MO with isOnDemandssb set to true, the UE may not be required to perform a measurement for this MO until an OD-SSB transmission starts as indicated by the NW (optionally plus additional processing time T1) . In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, when a UE receives a configuration for a MO with isOnDemandssb set to true, the UE may be required to perform measurements for neighbor cells until an OD-SSB transmission starts as indicated by the NW (optionally plus additional processing time T1) if the NW indicates the neighbor cell measurements.
[0084] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when the NW only configures the OD-SSB without legacy always-on SSB to the SCell, the UE may not be required to perform a measurement on an SSB frequency indicated with the OD-SSB if the UE does not receive an OD-SSB indication which indicates the OD-SSB transmission from the NW.
[0085] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when the NW configures the OD-SSB related MO, the UE may perform a measurement for this MO after the UE receives the OD-SSB indication from the NW (optionally plus additional processing time T1) .
[0086] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when the NW only configures the OD-SSB without legacy always-on SSB to the SCell, the UE may be required to perform measurements for neighbor cells until the OD-SSB transmission starts as indicated by the NW (optionally plus additional processing time T1) if the NW instructs the UE to measure for the neighbor cells. In an embodiment, the NW may instruct the UE to mute the measurement, which means that the measurement for the OD-SSB may start if the UE receives the OD-SSB indication.
[0087] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, an OD-SSB transmission frequency may be configured with respect to a legacy SSB transmission frequency. Such configuration can be indicated by the NW via a radio resource control (RRC) message, a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) and / or downlink control information (DCI) , etc. For example, the NW may indicate which OD-SSB frequency is used together with which legacy always-on SSB frequency in a pair after the OD-SSB transmission. An OD-SSB frequency link may be configured with a link index or ID as below.
[0088] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when the NW configures the OD-SSB and legacy always-on SSB to the SCell, the NW may indicate a link or relationship between the legacy always-on SSB and the OD-SSB, e.g., including frequency, BWP, and / or QCL relation, etc. The link may be indicated by an RRC message, a MAC-CE and / or DCI, etc.
[0089] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when the NW does not indicate to trigger the OD-SSB transmission, the UE may perform a serving cell measurement based on the legacy always-on SSB transmission. When the NW indicates the OD-SSB transmission, the UE may switch from the legacy SSB measurement to the OD-SSB measurement based on a link pair of the legacy always-on SSB and the OD-SSB.
[0090] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, a link parameter such as “OD-SSB link” may be further configured by the NW to indicate the legacy always-on SSB and related OD-SSB pair. The related transmission configuration indication (TCI) type between the OD-SSB and the legacy always-on SSB can also be indicated. In an embodiment, if the link parameter / field is absent, it may imply that there is no legacy always-on SSB transmission, which means that there is only OD-SSB transmission on this SCell.
[0091] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when the UE receives an MO configuration which indicates an OD-SSB frequency, the UE may perform a measurement for the OD-SSB frequency after the UE receives the OD-SSB indication plus additional processing time T1. Optionally, before the UE receives the OD-SSB indication plus additional processing time T1, the UE may perform a measurement based on the legacy SSB related MO.
[0092] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when the UE receives a configuration of an MO indicating that the MO is an OD-SSB related MO, the UE may stop / suspend / skip the measurement for the legacy SSB related MO after the UE receives the OD-SSB indication plus additional processing time T1. In an embodiment, the link of the legacy SSB related MO and the OD-SSB related MO may be configured by the NW.
[0093] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the NW may indicate an OD-SSB frequency together with a legacy SSB frequency in the same MO. When the NW configures the MO but does not indicate the OD-SSB transmission, the UE may perform a measurement for the MO based on the legacy SSB frequency. When the NW indicates the OD-SSB transmission plus additional time duration T2, the UE may perform a measurement for the MO based on the OD-SSB frequency.
[0094] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the NW may configure e.g. N legacy always-on SSB MOs and indicate the OD-SSB frequency and the associated SMTC in a legacy always-on SSB MO as below. Before receiving an OD-SSB indication from the NW, a UE may perform a measurement based on the legacy always-on SSB frequency and the associated SMTC. When an OD-SSB transmission is indicated by the NW, the UE may switch to the OD-SSB based measurement.
[0095] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the UE may perform the OD-SSB measurement based on the linked onDemandssbFrequency when the UE receives the OD-SSB indication from the NW plus additional processing time T2. In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, the UE may perform the measurement based on the configured SSB in the MO (e.g., the legacy always-on SSB as indicated by ssbFrequency in MeasObjectNR) until receiving the OD-SSB indication plus additional processing time T2. In an embodiment, T2 may include the BWP switching time if the OD-SSB frequency is not in the same BWP as the legacy always-on SSB frequency.
[0096] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating exemplary measurement switching according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the embodiment, the NW may indicate that a serving cell MO is associated with OD-SSB by using an explicit indication. The association relationship may be applied between parameters MeasObjectNR and onDemandSSB. For example, if an OD-SSB transmission is indicated / activated by the NW, the UE may use the parameter onDemandSSB for serving cell measurements. If the OD-SSB transmission is not indicated / activated by the NW, the UE may use the parameter servingCellMO configured for the legacy always-on SSB for measurements. As shown in Fig. 2, when receiving an OD-SSB indication from the NW (optionally plus additional time duration T) , the UE may switch from the ssbFrequency for the legacy always-on SSB to the ssbFrequency for the OD-SSB. Then the UE can perform serving cell measurements based on OD-SSB configured periodicity, offset and duration.
[0097] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, an OD-SSB related MO may be configured by the NW using a serving cell MO parameter in the ServingCellConfig IE which may be applied to an SCell. For example, the serving cell MO parameter such as “servingCellMO-r19” may be configured with an MO identifier “MeasObjectId” in the ServingCellConfig as below to indicate the OD-SSB related MO for the serving cell.
[0098] The parameter servingCellMO-r19 may correspond to the parameter MeasObjectId of the MeasObjectNR IE in the MeasConfig IE which is associated to the serving cell. For this MeasObjectNR, the following relationship may be applied between the MeasObjectNR and onDemandSSB of the associated serving cell: if the ssbFrequency is configured, its value may be the same as the absoluteFrequencySSB in the onDemandSSB. In an embodiment, if the field servingCellMO-r19 is present in a serving cell configuration and the onDemandSSB is activated, the UE can use this MO (e.g., indicated by the MeasObjectId) for serving cell measurements. In another embodiment, if the legacy always-on SSB is transmitted, and if the field servingCellMO-r19 is absent in a serving cell configuration or the onDemandSSB is not activated, the UE may use the parameter servingCellMO in the ServingCellConfig IE. In a further embodiment, when there is no legacy always-on SSB transmission, if the onDemandSSB is activated, the UE may use this MO (e.g., indicated by the MeasObjectId) for serving cell measurements, and if the onDemandSSB is not activated, the UE may skip / suspend / drop the serving cell measurements for this MO.
[0099] In accordance with exemplary embodiments, various OD-SSB measurement procedures may be used for different SSB transmission configurations, e.g., with respect to Case 1 and Case 2 as below. · Case 1: Without always-on SSB transmission
[0100] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when the NW configures an MO with the same frequency of the OD-SSB serving cell, a UE may be expected to perform a measurement for the frequency layer (serving cell) #i based on the OD-SSB after the NW indicates the OD-SSB transmission on the serving cell #i (optionally plus a time duration T such as processing time T1, switching time T2, or T1+T2, etc. ) .
[0101] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when the NW configures an OD-SSB based MO for the serving cell, the UE may not be required to perform a measurement for the frequency layer (serving cell) #i before the NW indicates the OD-SSB transmission on the serving cell #i.
[0102] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when the NW configures an MO with the same frequency of the OD-SSB serving cell, the UE may be required to perform measurements for the frequency layer #i for one or more other neighbor cells before the NW indicates the OD-SSB transmission on the serving cell, provided that the NW indicates the neighbor cell measurements with a flag / configuration. · Case 2: With always-on SSB transmission
[0103] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when the NW configures an OD-SSB based MO for the serving cell, the UE may be expected to perform a measurement for the frequency layer (serving cell) #i based on the legacy always-on SSB before the NW indicates the OD-SSB transmission on the serving cell #i.
[0104] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when the NW configures an OD-SSB based MO for the serving cell, the UE may be expected to perform a measurement for the frequency layer (serving cell) #i based on the OD-SSB after the NW indicates the OD-SSB transmission on serving cell #i (optionally plus a time duration T) .
[0105] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the UE may switch the measurement frequency from the legacy always-on SSB frequency to the OD-SSB frequency if the legacy always-on SSB and OD-SSB frequencies are different.
[0106] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when the NW configures an OD-SSB based MO for the serving cell, the UE may be expected to perform a measurement for the frequency layer (serving cell) #i based on both the legacy always-on SSB and the OD-SSB after the NW indicates the OD-SSB transmission on serving cell #i (optionally plus a time duration T) .
[0107] Figs. 3A-3B are diagrams illustrating exemplary OD-SSB measurement timelines according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that the OD-SSB measurement timelines show in Figs. 3A-3B are for Case 2 with always-on SSB transmission.
[0108] In Case 1 without always-on SSB transmission, when a UE receives an OD-SSB indication indicating OD-SSB transmissions from the NW (optionally plus a time duration T) , the UE may be expected to perform measurements based on the OD-SSB transmissions.
[0109] In Case 2 with always-on SSB transmission, when there is a legacy always-on SSB transmission after the NW indicates OD-SSB transmissions: Option I: If the UE receives the legacy always-on SSB transmission after receiving the OD-SSB indication but the time duration T has not yet ended, e.g., the UE receives the legacy always-on SSB transmission within the time duration T (as shown in Fig. 3A) , then the UE may perform a measurement using the legacy always-on SSB transmission. Option II: When the UE receives the OD-SSB indication, the UE may switch to the OD-SSB measurement regardless of whether the legacy always-on SSB transmission is within the time duration T. Option III: If the legacy always-on SSB transmission occurs after the UE receives the OD-SSB indication and the time duration T has ended, e.g., the legacy always-on SSB transmission is outside the time duration T after the OD-SSB indication (as shown in Fig. 3B) , then the UE may be expected to skip / miss the legacy always-on SSB transmission occasion after receiving the OD-SSB indication plus the time duration T.
[0110] It is noted that some embodiments of the present disclosure are mainly described in relation to 5G / NR specifications being used as non-limiting examples for certain exemplary network configurations and system deployments. As such, the description of exemplary embodiments given herein specifically refers to terminology which is directly related thereto. Such terminology is only used in the context of the presented non-limiting examples and embodiments, and does naturally not limit the present disclosure in any way. Rather, any other system configuration or radio technologies may equally be utilized as long as exemplary embodiments described herein are applicable.
[0111] Fig. 4A is a flowchart illustrating a method 410 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 410 illustrated in Fig. 4A may be performed by a terminal device (e.g., a UE, a MS, a subscriber device, etc. ) or an apparatus communicatively coupled to the terminal device. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the terminal device may be configured to communicate with a network node to obtain network services.
[0112] According to the exemplary method 410 illustrated in Fig. 4A, the terminal device may receive configuration information from a network node, as shown in block 412. The configuration information may indicate an MO associated with one or more OD-SSB transmissions. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the terminal device may optionally perform a measurement for the MO according to the configuration information, as shown in block 414.
[0113] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the configuration information may include an indicator (e.g., the parameter “isOnDemandssb” in the “MeasObjectNR” IE, etc. ) indicating that the MO is an OD-SSB related MO for which a measurement may be based at least in part on the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.
[0114] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the configuration information may include information about a frequency and / or an SMTC of the one or more OD-SSB transmissions, e.g., the parameters “onDemandssbFrequency” and “smtcOndemand” in the “MeasObjectNR” IE, etc.
[0115] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, a measurement for the MO may be based at least in part on the one or more OD-SSB transmissions and / or on one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions for the MO.
[0116] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the configuration information may be for a serving cell of the terminal device and include an identifier of the MO for the serving cell, e.g., the parameters “servingCellMO-r19” and “MeasObjectId” in the “ServingCellConfig” IE, etc. In an embodiment, the identifier of the MO may indicate that the MO is associated with the one or more OD-SSB transmissions. For example, a new MO identifier (e.g., an ID in a new type, format and / or value range compared to a normal MO identifier used in a legacy communication network, etc. ) may be used to identify an OD-SSB related MO different from a legacy always-on SSB related MO.
[0117] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the configuration information may include information about a relation between the one or more OD-SSB transmissions and one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions, e.g., the parameters “odssb-LinkId” and “ssbFrequency” in the “ODSSB-Link” IE, etc.
[0118] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the relation between the one or more OD-SSB transmissions and the one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions may include a frequency relation, a BWP relation, and / or a QCL relation.
[0119] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the terminal device may receive, from the network node, an OD-SSB indication indicating that the one or more OD-SSB transmissions are upcoming. In an embodiment, the OD-SSB indication may be used to instruct the terminal device to prepare for performing the measurement for the MO by using at least the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.
[0120] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the terminal device performing the measurement for the MO according to the configuration information may comprise: the terminal device performing the measurement for the MO by using at least the one or more OD-SSB transmissions, in response to receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node.
[0121] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the terminal device may perform no measurement for the MO until receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node.
[0122] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when the terminal device is configured to perform a measurement for a neighbor cell, the terminal device may perform the measurement for the neighbor cell until receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node.
[0123] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the terminal device performing the measurement for the MO according to the configuration information may comprise: the terminal device performing the measurement for the MO by using one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions, prior to receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node.
[0124] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node, the terminal device may switch from a frequency of the one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions to a frequency of the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.
[0125] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, in response to receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node, the terminal device may perform the measurement for the MO by using both the one or more OD-SSB transmissions and the one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions.
[0126] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, there may be a time gap (e.g., the time duration T as described with respect to Fig. 3A and Fig. 3B) between the terminal device receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node and starting the measurement for the MO by using the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.
[0127] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when there is an always-on SSB periodical transmission for the MO within the time gap, the terminal device may perform the measurement for the MO by using the always-on SSB periodical transmission.
[0128] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when there is an always-on SSB periodical transmission for the MO within the time gap or after the terminal device starts the measurement for the MO by using the one or more OD-SSB transmissions, the terminal device may ignore the always-on SSB periodical transmission.
[0129] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the terminal device may optionally transmit a report of a measurement for the MO to the network node. In an embodiment, the measurement for the MO may be performed by the terminal device via using the one or more OD-SSB transmissions and / or one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions.
[0130] Fig. 4B is a flowchart illustrating a method 420 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 420 illustrated in Fig. 4B may be performed by a network node (e.g., a base station, a gNB, a control node, etc. ) or an apparatus communicatively coupled to the network node. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the network node may be configured to provide network services to one or more terminal devices and facilitate communications between the one or more terminal devices and a core network (CN) node.
[0131] According to the exemplary method 420 illustrated in Fig. 4B, the network node may determine configuration information, as shown in block 422. The configuration information may indicate an MO associated with one or more OD-SSB transmissions. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the network node may transmit the configuration information to a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device as described with respect to Fig. 4A) , as shown in block 424.
[0132] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the configuration information transmitted by the network node according to the method 420 may correspond to the configuration information received by the terminal device according to the method 410. Thus, the configuration information as described with respect to Fig. 4A and Fig. 4B may have the same or similar contents and / or feature elements.
[0133] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the network node may transmit, to the terminal device, an OD-SSB indication indicating that the one or more OD-SSB transmissions are upcoming. In an embodiment, the OD-SSB indication may be used to instruct the terminal device to prepare for performing a measurement for the MO by using at least the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.
[0134] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the network node may receive a report of a measurement for the MO from the terminal device. In an embodiment, the measurement for the MO may be performed by the terminal device via using one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions and / or the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.
[0135] The various blocks shown in Figs. 4A-4B may be viewed as method steps, and / or as operations that result from operation of computer program code, and / or as a plurality of coupled logic circuit elements constructed to carry out the associated function (s) . The schematic flow chart diagrams described above are generally set forth as logical flow chart diagrams. As such, the depicted order and labeled steps are indicative of specific embodiments of the presented methods. Other steps and methods may be conceived that are equivalent in function, logic, or effect to one or more steps, or portions thereof, of the illustrated methods. Additionally, the order in which a particular method occurs may or may not strictly adhere to the order of the corresponding steps shown.
[0136] Fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus 500 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 5, the apparatus 500 may comprise one or more processors such as processor 501 and one or more memories such as memory 502 storing computer program codes 503. The memory 502 may be non-transitory machine / processor / computer readable storage medium. In accordance with some exemplary embodiments, the apparatus 500 may be implemented as an integrated circuit chip or module that can be plugged or installed into a terminal device as described with respect to Fig. 4A, or a network node as described with respect to Fig. 4B. In such cases, the apparatus 500 may be implemented as a terminal device as described with respect to Fig. 4A, or a network node as described with respect to Fig. 4B.
[0137] In some implementations, the one or more memories 502 and the computer program codes 503 may be configured to, with the one or more processors 501, cause the apparatus 500 at least to perform any operation of the method as described in connection with Fig. 4A. In other implementations, the one or more memories 502 and the computer program codes 503 may be configured to, with the one or more processors 501, cause the apparatus 500 at least to perform any operation of the method as described in connection with Fig. 4B. Alternatively or additionally, the one or more memories 502 and the computer program codes 503 may be configured to, with the one or more processors 501, cause the apparatus 500 at least to perform more or less operations to implement the proposed methods according to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0138] Fig. 6A is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus 610 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 6A, the apparatus 610 may comprise a receiving unit 611 and optionally a performing unit 612. In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus 610 may be implemented in a terminal device. The receiving unit 611 may be operable to carry out the operation in block 412, and the performing unit 612 may be operable to carry out the operation in block 414. Optionally, the receiving unit 611 and / or the performing unit 612 may be operable to carry out more or less operations to implement the proposed methods according to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, the apparatus 610 may further comprise a transmitting unit (not shown in Fig. 6A) which may be operable to transmit information to one or more other devices (e.g., a network node, another terminal device, etc. ) .
[0139] Fig. 6B is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus 620 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 6B, the apparatus 620 may comprise a determining unit 621 and a transmitting unit 622. In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus 620 may be implemented in a network node. The determining unit 621 may be operable to carry out the operation in block 422, and the transmitting unit 622 may be operable to carry out the operation in block 424. Optionally, the determining unit 621 and / or the transmitting unit 622 may be operable to carry out more or less operations to implement the proposed methods according to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, the apparatus 620 may further comprise a receiving unit (not shown in Fig. 6B) which may be operable to receive information from one or more other devices (e.g., a terminal device, another network node, etc. ) .
[0140] Fig. 7 shows an example of a communication system 700 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0141] In the example, the communication system 700 includes a telecommunication network 702 that includes an access network 704, such as a radio access network (RAN) , and a core network 706, which includes one or more core network nodes 708. The access network 704 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network nodes 710A and 710B (one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes 710) , or any other similar 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access nodes or non-3GPP access points. Moreover, as will be appreciated by those of skill in the art, a network node is not necessarily limited to an implementation in which a radio portion and a baseband portion are supplied and integrated by a single vendor. Thus, it will be understood that network nodes include disaggregated implementations or portions thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the telecommunication network 702 includes one or more Open-RAN (ORAN) network nodes. An ORAN network node is a node in the telecommunication network 702 that supports an ORAN specification (e.g., a specification published by the O-RAN Alliance, or any similar organization) and may operate alone or together with other nodes to implement one or more functionalities of any node in the telecommunication network 702, including one or more network nodes 710 and / or core network nodes 708.
[0142] Examples of an ORAN network node include an open radio unit (O-RU) , an open distributed unit (O-DU) , an open central unit (O-CU) , including an O-CU control plane (O-CU-CP) or an O-CU user plane (O-CU-UP) , a RAN intelligent controller (near-real time or non-real time) hosting software or software plug-ins, such as a near-real time control application (e.g., xApp) or a non-real time control application (e.g., rApp) , or any combination thereof (the adjective “open” designating support of an ORAN specification) . The network node may support a specification by, for example, supporting an interface defined by the ORAN specification, such as an A1, F1, W1, E1, E2, X2, Xn interface, an open fronthaul user plane interface, or an open fronthaul management plane interface. Moreover, an ORAN access node may be a logical node in a physical node. Furthermore, an ORAN network node may be implemented in a virtualization environment (described further below) in which one or more network functions are virtualized. For example, the virtualization environment may include an O-Cloud computing platform orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface defined by the O-RAN Alliance or comparable technologies. The network nodes 710 facilitate direct or indirect connection of user equipment (UE) , such as by connecting UEs 712A, 712B, 712C, and 712D (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs 712) to the core network 706 over one or more wireless connections.
[0143] Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors. Moreover, in different embodiments, the communication system 700 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. The communication system 700 may include and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar type of system.
[0144] The UEs 712 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes 710 and other communication devices. Similarly, the network nodes 710 are arranged, capable, configured, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with the UEs 712 and / or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunication network 702 to enable and / or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and / or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunication network 702.
[0145] In the depicted example, the core network 706 connects the network nodes 710 to one or more host computing systems, such as host 716. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts. The core network 706 includes one more core network nodes (e.g., core network node 708) that are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, network nodes, and / or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node 708. Example core network nodes include functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) , Mobility Management Entity (MME) , Home Subscriber Server (HSS) , Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , Session Management Function (SMF) , Authentication Server Function (AUSF) , Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF) , Unified Data Management (UDM) , Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP) , Network Exposure Function (NEF) , and / or a User Plane Function (UPF) .
[0146] The host 716 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network 704 and / or the telecommunication network 702. The host 716 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more service. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio / video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.
[0147] As a whole, the communication system 700 of Fig. 7 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts. In that sense, the communication system may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) ; Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) ; Long Term Evolution (LTE) , and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G) ; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (WiFi) ; and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) , Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi, and / or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox.
[0148] In some examples, the telecommunication network 702 is a cellular network that implements 3GPP standardized features. Accordingly, the telecommunications network 702 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunication network 702. For example, the telecommunications network 702 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and / or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) / Massive IoT services to yet further UEs.
[0149] In some examples, the UEs 712 are configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network 704 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network 704. Additionally, a UE may be configured for operating in single-or multi-RAT or multi-standard mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC) , such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio –Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) .
[0150] In the example, the hub 714 communicates with the access network 704 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE 712C and / or 712D) and network nodes (e.g., network node 710B) . In some examples, the hub 714 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs. For example, the hub 714 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network 706 for the UEs. As another example, the hub 714 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs. Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes 710, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub 714. As another example, the hub 714 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data. As another example, the hub 714 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR device, display, loudspeaker, or other media delivery device, the hub 714 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub 714 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and / or after adding additional local content. In still another example, the hub 714 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular if one or more of the UEs are low energy IoT devices.
[0151] The hub 714 may have a constant / persistent or intermittent connection to the network node 710B. The hub 714 may also allow for a different communication scheme and / or schedule between the hub 714 and UEs (e.g., UE 712C and / or 712D) , and between the hub 714 and the core network 706. In other examples, the hub 714 is connected to the core network 706 and / or one or more UEs via a wired connection. Moreover, the hub 714 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider over the access network 704 and / or to another UE over a direct connection. In some scenarios, UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes 710 while still connected via the hub 714 via a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, the hub 714 may be a dedicated hub –that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to / from the UEs from / to the network node 710B. In other embodiments, the hub 714 may be a non-dedicated hub –that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node 710B, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and / or end point for certain data channels.
[0152] Fig. 8 shows a UE 800 in accordance with some embodiments. The UE 800 presents additional details of some embodiments of the UE 712 of Fig. 7. As used herein, a UE refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and / or other UEs. Examples of a UE include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA) , wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage / playback device, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , an Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR) device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE) , vehicle, vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded / integrated wireless device, etc. Other examples include any UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , including a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and / or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.
[0153] A UE may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) , vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) , vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) , or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) . In other examples, a UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller) . Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter) .
[0154] The UE 800 includes processing circuitry 802 that is operatively coupled via a bus 804 to an input / output interface 806, a power source 808, a memory 810, a communication interface 812, and / or any other component, or any combination thereof. Certain UEs may utilize all or a subset of the components shown in Fig. 8. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.
[0155] The processing circuitry 802 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory 810. The processing circuitry 802 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , etc. ) ; programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) , together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry 802 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs) .
[0156] In the example, the input / output interface 806 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and / or output devices. Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. An input device may allow a user to capture information into the UE 800. Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc. ) , a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof. An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.
[0157] In some embodiments, the power source 808 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) , photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used. The power source 808 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source 808 itself, and / or an external power source, to the various parts of the UE 800 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Delivering power may be, for example, for charging of the power source 808. Power circuitry may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from the power source 808 to make the power suitable for the respective components of the UE 800 to which power is supplied.
[0158] The memory 810 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth. In one example, the memory 810 includes one or more application programs 814, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data 816. The memory 810 may store, for use by the UE 800, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
[0159] The memory 810 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID) , flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM) , synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) , external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) , such as a USIM and / or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof. The UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUICC) , integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as ‘SIM card. ’ The memory 810 may allow the UE 800 to access instructions, application programs and the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied as or in the memory 810, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.
[0160] The processing circuitry 802 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network using the communication interface 812. The communication interface 812 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna 822. The communication interface 812 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another UE or a network node in an access network) . Each transceiver may include a transmitter 818 and / or a receiver 820 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth) . Moreover, the transmitter 818 and receiver 820 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 822) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.
[0161] In the illustrated embodiment, communication functions of the communication interface 812 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. Communications may be implemented in according to one or more communication protocols and / or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR) , UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol / internet protocol (TCP / IP) , synchronous optical networking (SONET) , Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) , QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) , and so forth.
[0162] Regardless of the type of sensor, a UE may provide an output of data captured by its sensors, through its communication interface 812, via a wireless connection to a network node. Data captured by sensors of a UE can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another UE. The output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature) , random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors) , in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent) , in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request) , or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient) .
[0163] As another example, a UE comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. In response to the received wireless input the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change. For example, the UE may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.
[0164] A UE, when in the form of an Internet of Things (IoT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, city wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare. Non-limiting examples of such an IoT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door / window sensor, a flood / moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal-or item-tracking device, a sensor for monitoring a plant or animal, an industrial robot, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) , and any kind of medical device, like a heart rate monitor or a remote controlled surgical robot. A UE in the form of an IoT device comprises circuitry and / or software in dependence of the intended application of the IoT device in addition to other components as described in relation to the UE 800 shown in Fig. 8.
[0165] As yet another specific example, in an IoT scenario, a UE may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another UE and / or a network node. The UE may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, the UE may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, a UE may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
[0166] In practice, any number of UEs may be used together with respect to a single use case. For example, a first UE might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second UE that is a remote controller operating the drone. When the user makes changes from the remote controller, the first UE may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed. The first and / or the second UE can also include more than one of the functionalities described above. For example, a UE might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.
[0167] Fig. 9 shows a network node 900 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and / or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunication network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points) , base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs) ) , O-RAN nodes or components of an O-RAN node (e.g., O-RU, O-DU, O-CU) .
[0168] Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units, distributed units (e.g., in an O-RAN access node) and / or remote radio units (RRUs) , sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) . Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS) .
[0169] Other examples of network nodes include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCEs) , Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs) ) , and / or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs) .
[0170] The network node 900 includes a processing circuitry 902, a memory 904, a communication interface 906, and a power source 908. The network node 900 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and an RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc. ) , which may each have their own respective components. In certain scenarios in which the network node 900 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components) , one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, the network node 900 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs) . In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memory 904 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna 910 may be shared by different RATs) . The network node 900 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 900, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node 900.
[0171] The processing circuitry 902 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and / or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node 900 components, such as the memory 904, to provide network node 900 functionality.
[0172] In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 902 includes a system on a chip (SOC) . In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 902 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 912 and baseband processing circuitry 914. In some embodiments, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 912 and the baseband processing circuitry 914 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips) , boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 912 and baseband processing circuitry 914 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.
[0173] The memory 904 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD) ) , and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and / or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry 902. The memory 904 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and / or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry 902 and utilized by the network node 900. The memory 904 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry 902 and / or any data received via the communication interface 906. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 902 and memory 904 is integrated.
[0174] The communication interface 906 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data between a network node, access network, and / or UE. As illustrated, the communication interface 906 comprises port (s) / terminal (s) 916 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection. The communication interface 906 also includes radio front-end circuitry 918 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, the antenna 910. Radio front-end circuitry 918 comprises filters 920 and amplifiers 922. The radio front-end circuitry 918 may be connected to an antenna 910 and processing circuitry 902. The radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 910 and processing circuitry 902. The radio front-end circuitry 918 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuitry 918 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 920 and / or amplifiers 922. The radio signal may then be transmitted via the antenna 910. Similarly, when receiving data, the antenna 910 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry 918. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry 902. In other embodiments, the communication interface may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components.
[0175] In certain alternative embodiments, the network node 900 does not include separate radio front-end circuitry 918, instead, the processing circuitry 902 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna 910. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry 912 is part of the communication interface 906. In still other embodiments, the communication interface 906 includes one or more ports or terminals 916, the radio front-end circuitry 918, and the RF transceiver circuitry 912, as part of a radio unit (not shown) , and the communication interface 906 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry 914, which is part of a digital unit (not shown) .
[0176] The antenna 910 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and / or receive wireless signals. The antenna 910 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry 918 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and / or signals wirelessly. In certain embodiments, the antenna 910 is separate from the network node 900 and connectable to the network node 900 through an interface or port.
[0177] The antenna 910, communication interface 906, and / or the processing circuitry 902 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and / or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna 910, the communication interface 906, and / or the processing circuitry 902 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment.
[0178] The power source 908 provides power to the various components of network node 900 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component) . The power source 908 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node 900 with power for performing the functionality described herein. For example, the network node 900 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source 908. As a further example, the power source 908 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.
[0179] Embodiments of the network node 900 may include additional components beyond those shown in Fig. 9 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node 900 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node 900 and to allow output of information from the network node 900. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node 900. In some embodiments providing a core network node, such as core network node 708 of Fig. 7, some components, such as the radio front-end circuitry 918 and the RF transceiver circuitry 912 may be omitted.
[0180] Fig. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 1000 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components. Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments 1000 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as a network node, UE, core network node, or host. Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node or host) , then the node may be entirely virtualized. In some embodiments, the virtualization environment 1000 includes components defined by the O-RAN Alliance, such as an O-Cloud environment orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface. Virtualization may facilitate distributed implementations of a network node, UE, core network node, or host.
[0181] Applications 1002 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc. ) are run in the virtualization environment 1000 to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein.
[0182] Hardware 1004 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and / or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and / or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input / output interface, and so forth. Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers 1006 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs) ) , provide VMs 1008A and 1008B (one or more of which may be generally referred to as VMs 1008) , and / or perform any of the functions, features and / or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein. The virtualization layer 1006 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to the VMs 1008.
[0183] The VMs 1008 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 1006. Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance 1002 may be implemented on one or more of VMs 1008, and the implementations may be made in different ways. Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV) . NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
[0184] In the context of NFV, a VM 1008 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of the VMs 1008, and that part of hardware 1004 that executes that VM, be it hardware dedicated to that VM and / or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements. Still in the context of NFV, a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more VMs 1008 on top of the hardware 1004 and corresponds to the application 1002.
[0185] Hardware 1004 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware 1004 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware 1004 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration 1010, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications 1002. In some embodiments, hardware 1004 is coupled to one or more radio units that each include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. In some embodiments, some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system 1012 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.
[0186] Although the computing devices described herein (e.g., UEs, network nodes) may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and / or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination. Moreover, while components are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and / or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface. In another example, non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
[0187] In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be provided by processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or not, the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and / or by end users and a wireless network generally.
[0188] In general, the various exemplary embodiments may be implemented in hardware or special purpose chips, circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. For example, some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device, although the disclosure is not limited thereto. While various aspects of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is well understood that these blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0189] As such, it should be appreciated that at least some aspects of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure may be practiced in various components such as integrated circuit chips and modules. It should thus be appreciated that the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may be realized in an apparatus that is embodied as an integrated circuit, where the integrated circuit may comprise circuitry (as well as possibly firmware) for embodying at least one or more of a data processor, a digital signal processor, baseband circuitry and radio frequency circuitry that are configurable so as to operate in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.
[0190] It should be appreciated that at least some aspects of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure may be embodied in computer-executable instructions, such as in one or more program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types when executed by a processor in a computer or other device. The computer executable instructions may be stored on a computer readable medium such as a hard disk, optical disk, removable storage media, solid state memory, random access memory (RAM) , etc. As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the function of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments. In addition, the function may be embodied in whole or partly in firmware or hardware equivalents such as integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) , and the like.
[0191] The present disclosure includes any novel feature or combination of features disclosed herein either explicitly or any generalization thereof. Various modifications and adaptations to the foregoing exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may become apparent to those skilled in the relevant arts in view of the foregoing description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, any and all modifications will still fall within the scope of the non-limiting and exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.
Claims
1.A method (410) performed by a terminal device, comprising:receiving (412) configuration information from a network node, wherein the configuration information indicates a measurement object, MO, associated with one or more on demand synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block, OD-SSB, transmissions.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the configuration information includes an indicator indicating that the MO is an OD-SSB related MO for which a measurement is based at least in part on the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.3.The method according to claim 1, wherein the configuration information includes information about a frequency and / or an SSB measurement time configuration, SMTC, of the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.4.The method according to claim 3, wherein a measurement for the MO is based at least in part on the one or more OD-SSB transmissions and / or on one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions for the MO.5.The method according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the configuration information is for a serving cell of the terminal device and includes an identifier of the MO for the serving cell, and wherein the identifier of the MO indicates that the MO is associated with the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.6.The method according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the configuration information includes information about a relation between the one or more OD-SSB transmissions and one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions.7.The method according to claim 6, wherein the relation between the one or more OD-SSB transmissions and the one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions includes a frequency relation, a bandwidth part, BWP, relation, and / or a quasi-co-location, QCL, relation.8.The method according to any of claims 1-7, further comprising:performing (414) a measurement for the MO according to the configuration information.9.The method according to claim 8, further comprising:receiving, from the network node, an OD-SSB indication indicating that the one or more OD-SSB transmissions are upcoming, wherein the OD-SSB indication is used to instruct the terminal device to prepare for performing the measurement for the MO by using at least the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.10.The method according to claim 9, wherein performing the measurement for the MO according to the configuration information comprises:performing the measurement for the MO by using at least the one or more OD-SSB transmissions, in response to receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node.11.The method according to claim 10, wherein the terminal device performs no measurement for the MO until receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node.12.The method according to claim 10, wherein when the terminal device is configured to perform a measurement for a neighbor cell, the terminal device performs the measurement for the neighbor cell until receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node.13.The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein performing the measurement for the MO according to the configuration information comprises:performing the measurement for the MO by using one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions, prior to receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node.14.The method according to claim 13, wherein when receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node, the terminal device switches from a frequency of the one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions to a frequency of the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.15.The method according to claim 13, wherein in response to receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node, the terminal device performs the measurement for the MO by using both the one or more OD-SSB transmissions and the one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions.16.The method according to any of claims 9-15, wherein there is a time gap between the terminal device receiving the OD-SSB indication from the network node and starting the measurement for the MO by using the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.17.The method according to claim 16, wherein when there is an always-on SSB periodical transmission for the MO within the time gap, the terminal device performs the measurement for the MO by using the always-on SSB periodical transmission.18.The method according to claim 16, wherein when there is an always-on SSB periodical transmission for the MO within the time gap or after the terminal device starts the measurement for the MO by using the one or more OD-SSB transmissions, the terminal device ignores the always-on SSB periodical transmission.19.A method (420) performed by a network node, comprising:determining (422) configuration information which indicates a measurement object, MO, associated with one or more on demand synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block, OD-SSB, transmissions; andtransmitting (424) the configuration information to a terminal device.20.The method according to claim 19, wherein the configuration information includes an indicator indicating that the MO is an OD-SSB related MO for which a measurement is based at least in part on the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.21.The method according to claim 19, wherein the configuration information includes information about a frequency and / or an SSB measurement time configuration, SMTC, of the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.22.The method according to claim 21, wherein a measurement for the MO is based at least in part on the one or more OD-SSB transmissions and / or on one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions for the MO.23.The method according to any of claims 19-22, wherein the configuration information is for a serving cell of the terminal device and includes an identifier of the MO for the serving cell, and wherein the identifier of the MO indicates that the MO is associated with the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.24.The method according to any of claims 19-23, wherein the configuration information includes information about a relation between the one or more OD-SSB transmissions and one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions.25.The method according to claim 24, wherein the relation between the one or more OD-SSB transmissions and the one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions includes a frequency relation, a bandwidth part, BWP, relation, and / or a quasi-co-location, QCL, relation.26.The method according to any of claims 19-25, further comprising:transmitting, to the terminal device, an OD-SSB indication indicating that the one or more OD-SSB transmissions are upcoming, wherein the OD-SSB indication is used to instruct the terminal device to prepare for performing a measurement for the MO by using at least the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.27.The method according to any of claims 19-26, further comprises:receiving a report of a measurement for the MO from the terminal device, wherein the measurement for the MO is performed by the terminal device via using one or more always-on SSB periodical transmissions and / or the one or more OD-SSB transmissions.28.A terminal device (500) , comprising:one or more processors (501) ; andone or more memories (502) comprising computer program codes (503) ,the one or more memories (502) and the computer program codes (503) configured to, with the one or more processors (501) , cause the terminal device (500) at least to:receive configuration information from a network node, wherein the configuration information indicates a measurement object, MO, associated with one or more on demand synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block, OD-SSB, transmissions.29.The terminal device according to claim 28, wherein the one or more memories and the computer program codes are configured to, with the one or more processors, cause the terminal device to perform the method according to any one of claims 2-18.30.A network node (500) , comprising:one or more processors (501) ; andone or more memories (502) comprising computer program codes (503) ,the one or more memories (502) and the computer program codes (503) configured to, with the one or more processors (501) , cause the network node (500) at least to:determine configuration information which indicates a measurement object, MO, associated with one or more on demand synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block, OD-SSB, transmissions; andtransmit the configuration information to a terminal device.31.The network node according to claim 30, wherein the one or more memories and the computer program codes are configured to, with the one or more processors, cause the network node to perform the method according to any one of claims 20-27.32.A computer-readable medium having computer program codes (503) embodied thereon which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform any step of the method according to any one of claims 1-27.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Method performed by user equipment, method performed by access network node, and user equipment
WO2025126880A1
Cited By
Serving cell measurement configuration
EP4787946A1