Binding molecules with an interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain and uses thereof
Binding molecules targeting IL-31RA, optionally with IL-13RA, address the limitations of existing therapies by providing superior efficacy and safety in treating IL-31-mediated disorders.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/110968
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
Current therapeutics for IL-31-mediated disorders, such as atopic dermatitis and inflammatory bowel disease, lack fast onset of efficacy, require frequent dosing, and have an inadequate safety profile, despite the development of treatments like dupilumab, nemolizumab, and lebrikizumab.
Development of binding molecules with IL-31RA-antigen-binding domains, potentially combined with IL-13-antigen-binding domains, that specifically inhibit IL-31 activity, offering superior efficacy compared to existing antibodies like nemolizumab.
The binding molecules provide enhanced therapeutic effects in treating IL-31-mediated disorders, demonstrated by improved efficacy and safety profiles in preclinical models.
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Figure PCTCN2024110968-FTAPPB-I100001 
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Figure PCTCN2024110968-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
BINDING MOLECULES WITH AN INTERLEUKIN-31 RECEPTOR SUBUNIT ALPHA-ANTIGEN-BINDING DOMAIN AND USES THEREOFTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to binding molecules with an interleukin-31 (IL-31) receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain capable of specifically binding to IL-31 receptor subunit alpha (IL-31RA) and uses thereof as medicaments for treating IL-31-mediated disorders.BACKGROUND
[0002] IL-31, a neuroimmune cytokine primarily made by Th2 cells, mediates systemic inflammatory and immunoregulatory actions including itchiness, impaired skin barrier function and inflammation by inducing the release of various proinflammatory mediators. IL-31 binds a heterodimeric complex composed of IL-31RA and oncostatin M receptor beta (OSMRB, also known as IL-31 receptor subunit beta) which results in activation of JAK / STAT, Akt / PI3K, and MAPK-JNK / p38 pathways.
[0003] IL-31RA, expressed in epidermal keratinocytes, inflammatory cells, and cutaneous peripheral nerves, is upregulated by Staphylococcus aureus toxins or Th2 cytokines involved in atopic dermatitis (AD) . Additionally, enhanced expression of IL-31 and / or IL-31RA is associated with several inflammatory disorders (e.g., AD, prurigo nodularis (PN) , allergy, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic sclerosis) . Despite the development of recent therapeutics for the treatment of certain inflammatory disorders, including dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets IL-4RA and inhibits both IL-13 and IL-4 signaling (approved for the treatment of AD, PN, asthma, CRSwNP, and EoE in certain patients) , anti-IL-13 antagonist antibodies tralokinumab and lebrikizumab (approved for the treatment of AD in certain patients) , and anti-IL-31RA antagonist antibody nemolizumab (approved for the treatment of itch associated with AD as well as PN in certain patients) , there remains a need for therapeutics that address inflammatory disorders mediated in whole or in part by IL-31 and IL-13 activity. Specifically, there remains a need for improved therapeutics to address such disorders (e.g., fast onset of efficacy, increased efficacy, less frequent dosing, improved safety profile) .SUMMARY
[0004] The invention disclosed herein is directed to binding molecules (e.g., monospecific or bispecific) having at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain. Notably, such binding molecules are capable of specifically binding IL-31RA and capable of inhibiting IL-31 activity. In a further aspect, the present invention provides methods of using such binding molecules for treatment of IL-31-mediated disorders. Furthermore, such binding molecules exhibit superior efficacy as compared to anti-IL-31RA antagonist antibody nemolizumab (e.g., as evidenced in IL-31-induced scratching mice model detailed below) .
[0005] In one aspect, the present invention provides binding molecules comprising at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain (IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain) wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises: (i) a first complementarity-determining region (CDR1) wherein the CDRl comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; a second complementarity-determining region (CDR2) wherein the CDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 3; and a third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) wherein the CDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 5; or (ii) an amino acid sequence having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152. In one embodiment, said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises a first complementarity-determining region (CDR1) wherein the CDRl comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; a second complementarity-determining region (CDR2) wherein the CDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 3; and a third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) wherein the CDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 5; and said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain further comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152. In another embodiment, said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 97%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 98%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152. In yet another embodiment, said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152. In still yet another embodiment, said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises a first complementarity-determining region (CDR1) wherein the CDRl comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; a second complementarity-determining region (CDR2) wherein the CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and a third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) wherein the CDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4; or the CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 and the CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5. In yet still another embodiment, said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142; or (b) an amino acid sequence having at least 90%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148. In another embodiment, said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 97%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142; or an amino acid sequence having at least 97%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148. In yet another embodiment, said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142; or an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises two IL-31RA-antigen-binding domains. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises four IL-31RA-antigen-binding domains. In one embodiment, said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain is a VHH. In one embodiment, the binding molecule is a single-domain antibody. In one embodiment, the binding molecule further comprises an immunoglobulin fragment crystallizable region (Fc region) ; optionally, wherein the Fc region is derived from human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4; and wherein the Fc region is derived from human IgG1 and optionally comprises one or more modifications selected from L234A, L235A, M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering; and wherein the Fc region is derived from human IgG2 and optionally comprises one or more modifications selected from M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering; and wherein the Fc region is derived from human IgG4 and optionally comprises one or more modifications selected from S228P, M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. In one embodiment of the binding molecule, the Fc region is derived from IgG1 and optionally comprises modifications L234A and L235A wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. In another embodiment of the binding molecule of the binding molecule, the Fc region is derived from IgG1 and comprises modifications L234A, L235A, M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. In yet another embodiment of the binding molecule, the Fc region is derived from human IgG2 and optionally comprises one or more modifications selected from M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. In yet still another embodiment of the binding molecule, the Fc region is derived from human IgG4 and optionally comprises modification S228P wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. In still yet another embodiment of the binding molecule, the Fc region is derived from human IgG4 and comprises modifications S228P, M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. In one embodiment, said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises a first complementarity-determining region (CDR1) wherein the CDRl comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; a second complementarity-determining region (CDR2) wherein the CDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 3; and a third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) wherein the CDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 5; and the binding molecule further comprises two frame regions (FR2 and FR3) wherein the order of CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, FR2, and FR3 is CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3; optionally, wherein the binding molecule further comprises at least one additional frame region selected from (FR1) and (FR4) , and wherein the order of CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, FR2, FR3, and said at least one additional frame region is selected from FR1-CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3, CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3-FR4, and FR1-CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3-FR4. In one embodiment, the binding molecule is a single-chain variable fragment. In one embodiment, the binding molecule is an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0006] In another aspect, the binding molecule further comprises at least one interleukin-13-antigen-binding domain (IL-13-antigen-binding domain) wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises a first variable region (V1) wherein the V1 comprises: (i) a V1 CDRl comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 98; a V1 CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 99; and a V1 CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 100; or (ii) an amino acid sequence having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153; and optionally, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain further comprises a second variable region (V2) wherein the V2 comprises: (a) a V2 CDRl comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 101; a V2 CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 102; and a V2 CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 103; or (b) an amino acid sequence having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105. In one embodiment, the V1 comprises a V1 CDRl comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 98; a V1 CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 99; and a V1 CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 100; and the V1 further comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153; optionally, wherein the V1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153. In another embodiment, the V1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 97%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153; optionally, wherein the V1 comprises an amino acid sequence having 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153. In yet another embodiment, the V1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153; optionally, wherein the V1 comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153. In still yet another embodiment, the binding molecule further comprises an immunoglobulin fragment crystallizable region (Fc region) ; optionally, wherein the Fc region is derived from human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4; and wherein the Fc region is derived from human IgG1 and optionally comprises one or more modifications selected from L234A, L235A, M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering; and wherein the Fc region is derived from human IgG2 and optionally comprises one or more modifications selected from M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering; and wherein the Fc region is derived from human IgG4 and optionally comprises one or more modifications selected from S228P, M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. In one embodiment of the binding molecule, the Fc region is derived from IgG1 and optionally comprises modifications L234A and L235A wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. In another embodiment of the binding molecule, the Fc region is derived from IgG1 and comprises modifications L234A, L235A, M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. In yet another embodiment of the binding molecule, the Fc region is derived from human IgG2 and optionally comprises one or more modifications selected from M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. In yet still another embodiment of the binding molecule, the Fc region is derived from human IgG4 and optionally comprises modification S228P wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. In still yet another embodiment of the binding molecule, the Fc region is derived from human IgG4 and comprises modifications S228P, M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering.
[0007] In yet still another embodiment, said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises the V2 and the V2 comprises a V2 CDRl comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 101; a V2 CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 102; and a V2 CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 103; optionally, wherein the V2 further comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105; optionally, wherein the V2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105. In another embodiment, said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises the V2 and the V2 comprises (b) , optionally, wherein the V2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 97%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105; optionally, wherein the V2 comprises an amino acid sequence having 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105. In yet another embodiment, said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises the V2 and the V2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105; optionally, wherein the V2 comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105. In still another embodiment, the binding molecule is a single-chain variable fragment. In still yet another embodiment, the binding molecule is an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0008] In another aspect, the present invention provides isolated nucleic acid encoding any of the aforementioned binding molecules. In yet another aspect, the present invention provides expression vectors comprising any of the aforementioned isolated nucleic acid. In still another aspect, the present invention provides host cells comprising any of the aforementioned expression vectors. In yet still another aspect, the present invention provides methods of producing a binding molecule comprising culturing any of the aforementioned host cells under conditions such that the binding molecule is produced; and optionally isolating the binding molecule produced. In one aspect, the present invention provides binding molecules produced by the aforementioned methods. In another aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the binding molecules of the present invention. In yet another aspect, the present invention provides methods of treating a subject who has an IL-31-mediated disorder comprising administering an effective amount of any of the aforementioned binding molecules to said subject; optionally, wherein the IL-31-mediated disorder is atopic dermatitis, prurigo nodularis, asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) , eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) , pruritus, chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) , allergy, urticaria, asthma, chronic kidney disease-associated pruritis, mastocytosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic sclerosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pemphigus-related itch, vitiligo, alopecia areata, acne rosacea, acne vulgaris, or rheumatism. In still yet another aspect, the present invention provides uses of any of the aforementioned binding molecules in treatment of an IL-31-mediated disorder. In yet still another aspect, the present invention provides a use of such binding molecules for preparation of a medicament for treating an IL-31-mediated disorder.
[0009] In still yet another aspect, the present invention provides methods of treating a subject who has at least one disorder selected from an IL-31-mediated disorder and an IL-13-mediated disorder comprising administering an effective amount of the aforementioned binding molecule comprising at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain and further comprising an IL-13-antigen-binding domain to said subject; optionally, wherein the disorder is atopic dermatitis, prurigo nodularis, asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) , eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) , pruritus, chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) , allergy, urticaria, asthma, chronic kidney disease-associated pruritis, mastocytosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic sclerosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pemphigus-related itch, vitiligo, alopecia areata, acne rosacea, acne vulgaris, or rheumatism. In still yet another aspect, the present invention provides uses of any of the such binding molecules in treatment of at least one disorder selected from an IL-31-mediated disorder and an IL-13-mediated disorder. In yet still another aspect, the present invention provides a use of such binding molecules for preparation of a medicament for treating at least one disorder selected from an IL-31-mediated disorder and an IL-13-mediated disorder.
[0010] It is to be understood that within the scope of the present application, the above-described technical features of the present application and the technical features specifically described in the following (e.g., examples) may be combined with each other to form a new or preferred technical solution, unless clearly indicated to the contrary.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] Figure 1 shows an alignment of extracellular domain sequences of human, cynomolgus monkey, camel and alpaca IL-31RA.
[0012] Figure 2 is a graph that depicts luminescence relative light units (RLU) (corresponding to IL-31-mediated cell proliferation) in Ba / F3-human IL-31RA / OSMRB cells following treatment with different concentrations of antibody.
[0013] Figure 3A is a graph that depicts optical density (OD) at 450-560 nm (corresponding to IL-31-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3) in A549 cells following treatment with different concentrations of antibody.
[0014] Figure 3B is a graph that depicts OD at 450-560 nm (corresponding to IL-31-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3) in A549 cells following treatment with different concentrations of antibody.
[0015] Figure 4 is a graph that depicts IL-31-mediated production of IL-6 (pg / ml) in HaCaT cells following treatment with different concentrations of antibody.
[0016] Figure 5A depicts the number of scratching events prior to treatment in mice randomly placed, based on the baseline number of scratching events, in one of four groups (for defined treatment to follow) .
[0017] Figure 5B depicts the number of scratching events in mice following treatment with either (i) vehicle alone, (ii) IL-31, or (iii) IL-31 plus either nemolizumab or antibody with divalent IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain (huP15R2P1-E3-V2-Fc) .
[0018] Figure 5C is a graph that depicts the body weight (grams) of mice following treatment with either (i) vehicle alone, (ii) IL-31, or (iii) IL-31 plus either nemolizumab or antibody with divalent IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain (huP15R2P1-E3-V2-Fc) .
[0019] Figure 6A is a graph that depicts luminescence relative light units (RLU) (corresponding to IL-31-induced cell proliferation) in Ba / F3-human IL-31RA / OSMRB cells following treatment with different concentrations of either nemolizumab or tetravalent antibody (Mo-35 or Mo-36) .
[0020] Figure 6B is a graph that depicts luminescence relative light units (RLU) (corresponding to IL-31-induced cell proliferation) in Ba / F3-cynomologous monkey IL-31RA / OSMRB cells following treatment with different concentrations of either nemolizumab tetravalent antibody (Mo-35 or Mo-36) .
[0021] Figure 7 is a graph that depicts OD at 450-560 nm (corresponding to human IL-31-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3) in A549 cells following treatment with different concentrations of either nemolizumab or tetravalent antibody (Mo-35 or Mo-36) .
[0022] Figure 8 is a graph that depicts IL-31-induced production of IL-6 (pg / ml) in HaCaT cells following treatment with different concentrations of either nemolizumab or tetravalent antibody (Mo-35 or Mo-36) .
[0023] Figure 9 is a graph that depicts luminescence relative light units (RLU) (corresponding to human IL-13-mediated phosphorylation of STAT6) in HEK293-human IL-4RA / IL-13RA1 cells following treatment with different concentrations of either isotype control, lebrikizumab, tralokinumab, or bispecific antibody (Bis-19, Bis-20, Bis-21, or Bis-22) .
[0024] Figure 10 is a graph that depicts optical density (OD) at 450-560 nm (corresponding to human IL-13-mediated CCL26 production) in HaCaT cells following treatment with different concentrations of either isotype control, lebrikizumab, tralokinumab, or bispecific antibody (Bis-19, Bis-20, Bis-21, or Bis-22) .
[0025] Figure 11A is a graph that depicts luminescence relative light units (RLU) (corresponding to IL-13-mediated cell proliferation) in Ba / F3-human IL-31RA / OSMRB cells following treatment with different concentrations of either nemolizumab, or bispecific antibody (Bis-19, Bis-20, Bis-21, or Bis-22) .
[0026] Figure 11B is a graph that depicts luminescence relative light units (RLU) (corresponding to IL-31-mediated cell proliferation) in Ba / F3-cynomologous monkey IL-31RA / OSMRB cells following treatment with different concentrations of either nemolizumab, or bispecific antibody (Bis-19, Bis-20, Bis-21, or Bis-22) .
[0027] Figure 12 is a graph that depicts luminescence relative light units (RLU) (corresponding to human ADCC activity) of ADCC / NFAT-reporter-Jurkat cells following treatment with different concentrations of bispecific antibody (Bis-20, Bis-24, Bis-26, Bis-28, Bis-29, Bis-31, or Bis-32) .
[0028] Figure 13 is a graph that depicts luminescence relative light units (RLU) (corresponding to human IL-13-mediated phosphorylation of STAT6) in HEK293-human IL-4RA / IL-13RA1 cells following treatment with different concentrations of either isotype control, lebrikizumab, tralokinumab, or bispecific antibody (Bis-24 or Bis-29) .
[0029] Figure 14A is a graph that depicts luminescence relative light units (RLU) (corresponding to IL-13-mediated cell proliferation) in human TF-1 cells following treatment with different concentrations of either IgG4 (isotype control) , lebrikizumab, tralokinumab, or bispecific antibody (Bis-24 or Bis-29) .
[0030] Figure 14B is a graph that depicts luminescence relative light units (RLU) (corresponding to IL-13-mediated cell proliferation) in human TF-1 cells following treatment with different concentrations of either IgG4 (isotype control) , lebrikizumab, tralokinumab, or bispecific antibody (Bis-24 or Bis-29) .
[0031] Figure 15 is a graph that depicts optical density (OD) at 450-560 nm (corresponding to human IL-13-mediated CCL26 production) in HaCaT cells following treatment with different concentrations of either lebrikizumab or bispecific antibody (Bis-24 or Bis-29) .
[0032] Figure 16A is a graph that depicts IL-13-mediated production of CCL17 (pg / ml) in PBMCs of a first donor following in vitro treatment with different concentrations of either lebrikizumab or bispecific antibody (Bis-24 or Bis-29) .
[0033] Figure 16B is a graph that depicts IL-13-mediated production of CCL17 (pg / ml) in PBMCs of a second donor following in vitro treatment with different concentrations of either lebrikizumab or bispecific antibody (Bis-24 or Bis-29) .
[0034] Figure 17 is a graph that depicts mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) (corresponding to IL-31 binding) in HEK293-human IL-31RA cells following treatment with different concentrations of either nemolizumab or bispecific antibody (Bis-24 or Bis-29) .
[0035] Figure 18A is a graph that depicts luminescence relative light units (RLU) (corresponding to IL-31-mediated cell proliferation) in Ba / F3-human IL-31RA / OSMRB cells following treatment with different concentrations of either nemolizumab or bispecific antibody (Bis-24 or Bis-29) .
[0036] Figure 18B is a graph that depicts luminescence relative light units (RLU) (corresponding to IL-13-mediated cell proliferation) in Ba / F3-cynomologous monkey IL-31RA / OSMRB cells following treatment with different concentrations of either nemolizumab or bispecific antibody (Bis-24 or Bis-29) .
[0037] Figure 19 is a graph that depicts density (OD) at 450-560 nm (corresponding to IL-31-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3) in A549 cells following treatment with different concentrations of either nemolizumab or bispecific antibody (Bis-24 or Bis-29) .
[0038] Figure 20 is a graph that depicts IL-31-mediated production of IL-6 (pg / ml) in HaCaT cells following treatment with different concentrations of either nemolizumab or bispecific antibody (Bis-24 or Bis-29) .
[0039] Figure 21A depicts antibody formats and details of Fc regions for bispecific antibodies derived from IgG4 (Bis-19, Bis-20, Bis-21 and Bis-24) .
[0040] Figure 21B depicts antibody formats and details of Fc regions for bispecific antibodies derived from IgG2 (Bis-26 and Bis-28) .
[0041] Figure 21C depicts antibody formats and details of Fc regions for bispecific antibodies derived from IgG1 (Bis-29, Bis-31 and Bis-32) .DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0042] The invention disclosed herein provides binding molecules (e.g., monospecific or bispecific) capable of specifically binding IL-31RA and in certain embodiments, also capable of specifically binding IL-13. The invention also provides polynucleotides encoding these binding molecules, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these binding molecules, and methods of making and using these binding molecules (e.g., for treating IL-31-mediated disorders in a subject) .
[0043] Terms
[0044] As used herein, the term “IL-31RA” (also referred to as NR10, IL31RA, GPL, or glm-r) is not particularly limited in terms of its origin, and includes those derived from humans, mice, monkeys, and other mammals. IL-31RA derived from humans, mice, and monkeys is preferred, and human-derived IL-31RA is particularly preferred. There are multiple known splicing variants of human-derived IL-31Rα (WO 00 / 075314) . Of the above-described splicing variants, NR10.1 consists of 662 amino acids and contains a transmembrane domain. NR10.2 is a soluble receptor-like protein consisting of 252 amino acids without the transmembrane domain. Meanwhile, known NR10 splicing variants that function as transmembrane receptor proteins include NR10.3 and IL-31RAv3. The human CA 02708532 2010-06-04NR10 of the present invention is not particularly limited, as long as it forms a heterodimer with oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) and functions as an IL-31 receptor. Preferred NR10 includes NR10.3 (also referred to as ILRAv4 (Nat Irnmunol 5, 752-60, 2004) ) and IL-31RAv3. NR 10.3 (IL31RAv4) consists of 662 amino acids (WO 00 / 075314; Nat Immunol 5, 752-60, 2004) and IL31RAv3 consists of 732 amino acids (GenBank Accession No: NM_139017) .
[0045] As used herein, the term “interleukin-13” (IL-13) refers to naturally occurring or endogenous mammalian IL-13 (as well as recombinantly or synthetically produced IL-13 having the same amino acid sequence as naturally occurring or endogenous mammalian IL-13) . Accordingly, as defined herein, the term includes mature IL-13, polymorphic or allelic variants, and other isoforms of IL-13 (e.g., produced by alternative splicing or other cellular processes) , and modified or unmodified forms of the foregoing (e.g., lipidated, glycosylated) . Naturally occurring or endogenous IL-13 includes wild-type (e.g., mature IL-13, polymorphic or allelic variants and other isoforms and mutant forms which occur naturally in mammals (e.g., humans, non-human primates) ) .
[0046] As used herein, the phrase “binding molecule” refers to a molecule capable of specific binding to a target antigen (e.g., human IL-3RA) through an antigen-binding domain (apolypeptide having at least one variable region) that recognizes an epitope on the target antigen. Binding molecules may be monovalent or multivalent (e.g., bivalent, or tetravalent) . Binding molecules may be monospecific or multi-specific (e.g., bispecific, tri-specific) . It is understood that a binding molecule that is multi-specific has at least two different antigen-binding domains which bind different epitopes either on the same target antigen (e.g., bi-paratopic) or on different target antigens (e.g., IL-31RA and IL-13) . Examples of binding molecules include, but are not limited to, antibodies including (i) full-length antibodies (e.g., antibodies derived from immunoglobulin isotype IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG or IgM) ; and (ii) single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) (e.g., heavy-chain antibodies (HCAbs) having no light-chain and having at least one monomeric variable region on the heavy-chain (e.g., HCAbs derived from camelid antibodies (VHH-Ig subclasses 2 and 3) or immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (IgNAR) (e.g., derived from shark) ; or humanized forms of either) ) ; antigen-binding fragments of antibodies (e.g., fragment antigen-binding region (Fab region) ; Fab’ ; F (ab’ ) 2, an Fd fragment consisting of the VH and CH1 domains, an Fv fragment consisting of the VL and VH domains of a single arm of an antibody; single-domain antibody (dAb) fragment; VHH (monomeric variable region of HCAb derived from camelid antibody or humanized version thereof) , V-NAR (monomeric variable region of HCAb (e.g., derived from shark or humanized version thereof) ) , FcAb (also known as mAb2) ; modified forms of either antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof (e.g., antibodies having one or more additional antigen-binding domains such as a VHH (e.g., each antigen-binding domain independently attached to at least one of the LC, HC, or Fc region; or VHH attached to a Fc region) ; or single-chain variable fragments (scFv) . Binding molecules may also be conjugated to another molecule (e.g., albumin or PEG to extend half-life, a labeling agent for diagnostic purposes, or a therapeutic agent for targeted delivery of the therapeutic agent) .
[0047] As used herein, the term "antibody" is used in the broadest sense, and refers to both monovalent and multivalent forms, including mono-specific forms (e.g., a bivalent antibody (such as a monoclonal antibody) or tetravalent antibody) and multi-specific forms (e.g., a bispecific antibody that is a full-length antibody or a modified form thereof having additional antigen-binding domains) . The antibodies of the application can be of any type (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, or IgA) , or subtype (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG2a, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, or IgA2) ( "type" and "class" , and "subtype" and “subclass” , are used interchangeably herein) .
[0048] As used herein, the term "antibody" is used in the broadest sense, and refers to both monovalent and multivalent forms capable of specifically binding to a target antigen through an antigen-binding domain (e.g., of an immunoglobulin molecule or variable domain derived therefrom) , including mono-specific forms (e.g., a bivalent antibody (such as a monoclonal antibody) or tetravalent antibody) and multi-specific forms (e.g., a bispecific antibody that is a full-length antibody or a modified form thereof having additional antigen-binding domains) . The antibodies of the application can be of any type (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, or IgA) , or subtype (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG2a, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, or IgA2) ( "type" and "class" , and "subtype" and “subclass” , are used interchangeably herein) . In one embodiment, antibodies include a fragment crystallizable region derived from isotype IgG (e.g., subclass IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4) . It is understood that an antibody can be a single-domain antibody (including, for example, antibodies derived from camelid or shark, or modified forms thereof such as humanized versions) . Antibodies derived from non-human species that are intended for therapeutic use in humans are preferentially modified to create versions that are less immunogenic in humans (e.g., chimeric antibodies or humanized antibodies) .
[0049] Standard cell lines and methods for the production of antibodies from a large-scale cell culture are known in the art. See e.g., Li et aI., "Cell culture processes for monoclonal antibody production. " Mabs. 2010 Sep-Oct; 2(5) : 466-477. In certain embodiments, the cell is a Eukaryotic cell. In certain embodiments, the Eukaryotic cell is a mammalian cell. In certain embodiments, the mammalian cell is a cell line useful for producing antibodies is a Chines Hamster Ovary cell (CHO) cell, an NSO murine myeloma cell, or a PER. cell. In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid encoding the antibody is integrated into a genomic locus of a cell useful for producing antibodies. In certain embodiments, described herein is a method of making an antibody comprising culturing a cell comprising a nucleic acid encoding an antibody under conditions in vitro sufficient to allow production and production of said antibody.
[0050] An antibody having an increased half-life in vivo can also be generated by introducing one or more amino acid modifications (i.e., substitutions, insertions or deletions) into an IgG constant domain, or FcRn binding fragment thereof. Further, an antibody can be conjugated to albumin to make an antibody more stable in vivo or have a longer half-life in vivo. The techniques are known in the art. The antibody also can be modified, for example, by glycosylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, amidation, derivatization by known protecting / blocking groups, proteolytic cleavage, linkage to a cellular ligand or other molecule.
[0051] As used herein the phrase “full-length antibody” refers to having an antigen-binding domain with complementarity determining regions (CDRs) from both a light-chain (LC) CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 (with at least one light-chain variable domain (VL) and a constant light-chain domain (CL) ) and a heavy-chain (HC) (with at least one variable region (VH) (such an antibody referred to herein as “afull-length antibody” ) .
[0052] As used herein the phrase “single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) ” refers to an antibody having at least one monomeric variable region on the heavy-chain (e.g., heavy-chain antibodies (HCAbs) but having no light-chain. Exemplary sdAbs include HCAbs derived from camelid antibodies (VHH-Ig subclasses 2 and 3) and immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (IgNAR) (e.g., derived from shark) ; and humanized forms of either of these non-human species.
[0053] As used herein the phrase “antigen-binding domain” refers to a domain formed by one or more variable regions of an antibody (either on the same or different polypeptides) that specifically binds to a target antigen.
[0054] As used herein, the phrase “an IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain” comprises a VHH domain, optionally humanized, comprising three CDRs (CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3) ; or comprising a variable region.
[0055] As used herein, the phrase “an IL-13-antigen-binding domain” comprises a first variable region (V1) corresponding to the heavy-chain variable region (e.g., derived from a full-length antibody) ; and optionally, a second variable region (V2) corresponding to a light-chain variable region (e.g., derived from a full-length antibody) .
[0056] As used herein the phrase “antigen-binding fragment” in the context of an antigen-binding fragment of an antibody refers to one or more fragments of an antibody that retain the ability to specifically bind to a given antigen (e.g., IL-31RA) . Antigen binding functions of an antibody can be performed by fragments of an intact antibody. Examples of antigen-binding fragments include, but are not limited to, fragment antigen-binding region (Fab region) ; Fab’ ; F (ab’ ) 2, an Fd fragment consisting of the VH and CH1 domains, an Fv fragment consisting of the VL and VH domains of a single arm of an antibody; single domain antibody (dAb) fragment; VHH (monomeric variable region of heavy chain antibody) and an isolated complementarity determining region (CDR) .
[0057] As used herein, the phrases “specifically bind (s) ” or “specifically binding” in the context of a binding molecule refers to preferential binding to a target antigen (e.g., with greater affinity, avidity, more readily or with greater duration than substances other than the antigen) . It is understood that specific binding does not necessarily require (although it can include) exclusive binding. Methods to determine specific binding are known in the art.
[0058] As used herein, the phrase “single-domain antibody” refers to an antibody having a single monomeric antibody variable domain.
[0059] As used herein, the term “VHH” refers to the heavy chain variable region capable of specifically binding to a target antigen (e.g., derived from a HcAb such as camelid, and optionally humanized) .
[0060] As used herein, the term “treating” and “treatment” refers to an approach for obtaining beneficial or desired clinical results in a subject having at least one symptom of a disorder including, but not limited to, one or more of the following: ameliorating at least one symptom of said disorder and increasing the quality of life of such subject.
[0061] As used herein, the term “ameliorating” refers to a lessening or improvement of at least one symptom of a disorder including shortening or reducing the duration of at least one symptom as compared to not administering a binding molecule of the present invention.
[0062] For the purposes of comparing two or more amino acid sequences or nucleotide sequences, the percentage of “sequence identity” between a first sequence and a second sequence may be calculated by dividing the number of amino acids or nucleotides in the first sequence that are identical to the amino acids or nucleotides at the corresponding positions in the second sequence by the total number of amino acids or nucleotides in the first sequence and multiplying by 100%, in which each deletion, insertion, substitution or addition of an amino acid or nucleotide in the second sequence-compared to the first sequence-is considered as a difference at a single amino acid or nucleotide (position) . Alternatively, the degree of sequence identity between two or more amino acid or nucleotide sequences may be calculated using a known computer algorithm for sequence alignment such as NCBI Blast v2.0, using standard settings.
[0063] As used herein, "anti-IL-13 antibody" means an intact antibody composed of two identical light (L) chains and two identical heavy (H) chains (composed of two immunoglobulin heavy and light chain pair (H-L pair) ) . Each heavy chain (H) has at one end a variable domain (VH) followed by a number of constant domains, for example, CH1, CH2 and CH3. Each light chain (L) has a variable domain at one end (VL) and a constant domain (CL) at the other end.
[0064] As used herein, the phrase "complementarity-determining region" (CDR) , synonymous with "hypervariable region, " is known in the art and refers to noncontiguous sequences of amino acids within antibody variable regions (or variable regions derived from antibodies) , which confer antigen specificity and / or binding affinity. In general, there are three CDRs in each heavy-chain variable region (CDR-HI, CDR-H2, CDR-H3) and three CDRs in each light-chain variable region (CDR-Ll, CDR-L2, CDR-L3) . "Framework regions" and "FR" are known in the art to refer to the non-CDR portions of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains. In general, there are four FRs in each full-length heavy-chain variable region (FR-Hl, FR-H2, FR-H3, and FR-H4) , and four FRs in each full-length light=chain variable region (FR-Ll, FRL2, FR-L3, and FR-L4) . The precise amino acid sequence boundaries of a given CDR or FR can be readily determined using any of a number of well-known schemes, including those described by Kabat et al. (1991) , "Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, " 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD ( "Kabat" numbering scheme) , AI-Lazikani et al., (1997) 1MB 273, 927-948 ( "Chothia" numbering scheme) ; MacCallum et al., J. Mol. Biol. 262: 732-745 (1996) , "Antibody-antigen interactions: Contact analysis and binding site topography, " J Mol. Biol. 262, 732-745. " ( "Contact" numbering scheme) ; Lefranc MP et al., "IMGT unique numbering for immunoglobulin and T cell receptor variable domains and Ig superfamily V-like domains, " Dev Comp Immunol, 2003 Jan; 27 (1) : 55-77 ( "IMGT" numbering scheme) ; Honegger A and Phickthun A, "Yet another numbering scheme for immunoglobulin variable domains: an automatic modeling and analysis tool, " J Mol Biol, 2001 Jun 8; 309 (3) : 657-70, ( "Aho" numbering scheme) ; and Whitelegg NR and Rees AR, "W AM: an improved algorithm for modelling antibodies on the WEB, " Protein Eng. 2000 Dec; 13 (12) : 819-24 ( "AbM" numbering scheme. In certain embodiments, the CDRs of the antibodies described herein can be defined by a method selected from Kabat, Chothia, IMGT, Aho, AbM, or combinations thereof. Notably, the CDRs of the present invention were assessed using Kabat numbering scheme.
[0065] As used herein, the term "variable" in the context of a variable domain of antibodies refers to certain portions of the pertinent molecule which differ extensively in sequence between and among antibodies and are used in the specific recognition and binding of a particular antibody for its particular target. However, the variability is not evenly distributed through the variable domains of antibodies. The variability is concentrated in three segments called complementarity determining regions (CDRs; i.e., CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3) also known as hypervariable regions, both in the light chain and the heavy chain variable domains. The more highly conserved portions of variable domains are called the framework (FR) regions or sequences. The variable domains of native heavy and light chains each comprise four FR regions, largely adopting a β-sheet configuration, connected by three CDRs, which form loops connecting, and in some cases forming part of, the β-sheet structure. The CDRs in each chain are held together often in proximity by the FR regions and, with the CDRs from the other chain, contribute to the formation of the target (epitope or determinant) binding site of antibodies (see Kabat et al. Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD (1987) ) . As used herein, numbering of immunoglobulin amino acid residues is done according to the immunoglobulin amino acid residue numbering system of Kabat et al., unless otherwise indicated. One CDR can carry the ability to bind specifically to the cognate epitope.
[0066] As used herein, the phrase “antigen-binding fragment” with reference to an antibody refers to a portion of an intact antibody (e.g., a portion of a full-length chain of an antibody) that includes at least one variable region capable of specifically binding a target antigen. Examples of antigen-binding antibody fragments include, but are not limited to, Fab, Fab’ , F (ab’ ) 2 and Fv fragments. For example, a single variable domain comprising three CDRs from a heavy chain of an antibody can confer target antigen-binding specificity.
[0067] As used herein, the term “single-chain Fv” (scFv) refers to a single polypeptide that includes VH and VL domains of an antibody joined together through a flexible linker therebetween which enables the sFv to form the desired structure for binding a target antigen. Notably, antibodies in scFv format (mono-specific or multi-specific) can be generated as is known in the art.
[0068] As used herein, the term “diabody” refers to two polypeptides each having a VH domain and a VL domain of an antibody joined together through a flexible linker therebetween wherein the linker is too short to enable pairing between the two variable domains on the same polypeptide and results in pairing between the VH and VL domains of one such polypeptide with the VL and VH domains, respectively, from another such polypeptide to create two antigen-binding sites.
[0069] As used herein, the term “Fv” fragment consists of a dimer of one heavy and one light chain variable domain in a non-covalent association (VH-VL dimer) . In that configuration, the three CDRs of each variable domain interact to define a target binding site on the surface of the VH-VL dimer, as in an intact antibody.
[0070] As used herein, the term “linker” refers to a molecule that connects two distinct antigen-binding domains that by themselves possess target binding, catalytic activity, or are naturally expressed and assembled as separate polypeptides (e.g., two distinct binding moieties or a heavy-chain / light-chain pair) . A number of strategies may be used to covalently link molecules together. These include but are not limited to polypeptide linkages between N-and C-termini of polypeptides, linkage via disulfide bonds, and linkage via chemical cross-linking reagents. In one aspect of this embodiment, the linker is a peptide bond, generated by recombinant techniques or peptide synthesis. The linker peptide may predominantly include the following amino acid residues: Gly, Ser, Ala, or Thr. The linker peptide should have a length that is adequate to link two molecules in such a way that they assume the correct conformation relative to one another so that they retain the desired activity. In one embodiment, the linker is from about 1 to 50 amino acids in length or about 1 to 30 amino acids in length. In one embodiment, a linker of 1 to 20 amino acids in length may be used. In one embodiment, a linker of 5 to 15 amino acids in length may be used. In one embodiment, a linker of 5 amino acids in length may be used; optionally the linker is GGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 136) . In one embodiment, a linker of 10 amino acids in length may be used; optionally the linker is GGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 137) . In one embodiment, a linker of 15 amino acids in length may be used; optionally the linker is GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 138) . Useful linkers include glycine-serine polymers, including for example (GS) n, (GSGGS) n (SEQ ID NO: 154) , (GGGGS) n (SEQ ID NO: 136) , and (GGGS) n (SEQ ID NO: 155) , where n is an integer of at least one, glycine-alanine polymers, alanine-serine polymers, and other flexible linkers. Exemplary, linkers for linking antibody fragments or single chain variable fragments can include AAEPKSS (SEQ ID NO: 156) , AAEPKSSDKTHTCPPCP (SEQ ID NO: 157) , GGGG (SEQ ID NO: 158) , or GGGGDKTHTCPPCP (SEQ ID NO: 159) . Alternatively, a variety of non-proteinaceous polymers, including but not limited to polyethylene glycol (PEG) , polypropylene glycol, polyoxyalkylenes, or copolymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, may find use as a linker.
[0071] The Fab fragment contains the variable and constant domains of the light chain and the variable and first constant domain (CH1) of the heavy chain. Fab’ fragments differ from Fab fragments by the addition of a few residues at the carboxyl terminus of the CH1 domain to include one or more cysteines from the antibody hinge region. Fab’ fragments can be produced by cleavage of the disulfide bond at the hinge cysteines of the F (ab’ ) 2 pepsin digestion product. Additional enzymatic and chemical treatments of antibodies can yield other functional fragments of interest.
[0072] The term "bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) " refers to molecules which combine the antigen-binding sites of two antibodies within a single molecule. Thus, a bispecific antibody is able to bind two different antigens simultaneously.
[0073] Polyvalent protein complexes (PPC) with an increased valency are described in US 2005 / 0003403 A1. PPCs comprise two polypeptide chains generally arranged laterally to one another. Each polypeptide chain typically comprises 3 or 4 "v-regions" , which comprise amino acid sequences capable of forming an antigen-binding site when matched with a corresponding v-region on the opposite polypeptide chain. Up to about 6 "v-regions" can be used on each polypeptide chain. The v-regions of each polypeptide chain are connected linearly to one another and may be connected by interspersed linking regions. When arranged in the form of the PPC, the v-regions on each polypeptide chain form individual antigen binding sites. The complex may contain one or several binding specificities.
[0074] As used herein the term "humanized" in the context of a binding molecule (e.g., antibody) refers to such molecule in which all or substantially all CDR amino acid residues are derived from non-human CDRs and all or substantially all FR amino acid residues are derived from human FRs. A humanized antibody optionally can include at least a portion of an antibody constant domain derived from a human antibody. A "humanized form" of a non-human antibody refers to a variant of the non-human antibody that has undergone humanization, typically to reduce immunogenicity to humans, while retaining the specificity and affinity of the parental non-human antibody. In some embodiments, some FR residues in a humanized antibody are substituted with corresponding residues from a non-human antibody (e.g., the antibody from which the CDR residues are derived) , e.g., to restore or improve antibody specificity or affinity. Among the provided binding molecules are human antibodies. A "human antibody" is an antibody with an amino acid sequence corresponding to that of an antibody produced by a human or a human cell, or non-human source that utilizes human antibody repertoires or other human antibody-encoding sequences, including human antibody libraries. The term excludes humanized forms of non-human antibodies comprising non-human antigen-binding regions, such as those in which all or substantially all CDRs are non-human. Human antibodies may be prepared by administering an immunogen to a transgenic animal that has been modified to produce intact human antibodies or intact antibodies with human variable regions in response to antigenic challenge. Such animals typically contain all or a portion of the human immunoglobulin loci, which replace the endogenous immunoglobulin loci, or which are present extrachromosomally or integrated randomly into the animal's chromosomes. In such transgenic animals, the endogenous immunoglobulin loci have generally been inactivated. Human antibodies also may be derived from human antibody libraries, including phage display and cell-free libraries, containing antibody-encoding sequences derived from a human repertoire.
[0075] As used herein the term "polypeptide" refers to a polymer of amino acid residues (which can include naturally occurring and / or non-naturally occurring amino acid residues) and is not limited to a minimum length. The terms also include post-expression modifications of the polypeptide, for example, glycosylation, sialylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and the like. In some aspects, the polypeptide can contain modifications with respect to a native or natural sequence, as long as it maintains the desired activity. These modifications can be deliberate, as through site-directed mutagenesis, or can be accidental, such as through errors due to PCR amplification.
[0076] The term, "carrier, " refers to a diluent, adjuvant, excipient or vehicle with which the therapeutic is administered. Such physiological carriers can be sterile liquids, such as water and oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil and the like. Water is a suitable carrier when the pharmaceutical composition is administered intravenously. Saline solutions and aqueous dextrose and glycerol solutions also can be employed as liquid carriers, particularly for injectable solutions. Suitable pharmaceutical excipients include starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, talc, sodium chloride, dried skim milk, glycerol, propylene glycol, water, ethanol and the like. The composition, if desired, can also contain minor amounts of wetting or emulsifying agents, or pH buffering agents. The compositions can take the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsion, tablets, pills, capsules, powders, sustained-release formulations, depots and the like. The composition can be formulated as a suppository, with traditional binders and carriers such as triglycerides. Oral formulations can include standard carriers such as pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharine, cellulose, magnesium carbonate etc. Examples of suitable carriers are described in "Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, " Martin. Such compositions will contain an effective amount of the antibody, In some embodiments in purified form, together with a suitable amount of carrier so as to provide the form for proper administration to the patient. As known in the art, the formulation will be constructed to suit the mode of administration.
[0077] The nucleic acids encoding the antibodies described herein can be used to infect, transfect, transform, or otherwise render a suitable cell transgenic for the nucleic acid, thus enabling the production of antibodies for commercial or therapeutic uses.
[0078] As used herein, the term “expression vector” refers to a vector capable of directing the expression of genes to which they it is operatively linked. Suitable expression vectors are known in the art. Exemplary suitable expression vectors comprise plasmids, bacterial artificial chromosomes, yeast artificial chromosomes, and viral vectors. In the expression vectors regulatory elements such as promoters, enhancers, polyadenylation signals for use in controlling transcription can be derived from mammalian, microbial, viral or insect genes. The ability to replicate in a host, usually conferred by an origin of replication, and a selection gene to facilitate recognition of transformants may additionally be incorporated.
[0079] As used herein the term "individual, " "patient, " or "subject" refers to individuals diagnosed with, suspected of being afflicted with, or at-risk of developing at least one disorder for which the described compositions and method are useful for treating. In certain embodiments, the individual is a mammal. In certain embodiments, the mammal is a mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cat, horse, cow, sheep, pig, goat, llama, alpaca, or yak. In certain embodiments, the individual is a human.
[0080] As used herein, the term "effective amount" refers to the amount of a therapy (e.g., a prophylactic or therapeutic agent) , which is sufficient to reduce the severity and / or duration of an IL-31-mediated disorder and / or an IL-13-mediated disorder, ameliorate one or more symptoms thereof, prevent the advancement of and / or cause regression of such disorder, or which is sufficient to result in the prevention of the development, recurrence, onset, or progression of such disorder or one or more symptoms thereof, or enhance or improve the prophylactic and / or therapeutic effect (s) of another therapy (e.g., another therapeutic agent) useful for treating such disorder.
[0081] The amount of any binding molecule which will be effective in the use or treatment of a particular disorder will depend on the nature of the disorder and can be determined by standard clinical techniques.
[0082] In a preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition of the binding molecules described herein is an aqueous solution. In one preferred embodiment, said aqueous solution is administered by subcutaneous injection. It is understood that the dosage can be ascertained empirically for a particular disorder, patient population, mode of administration and so on, practicing pharmaceutical methods known in the art.
[0083] As used herein, the terms "treatment" or "treating" are used in reference to a pharmaceutical or other intervention regimen used for obtaining beneficial or desired results in the recipient. Beneficial or desired results include but are not limited to a therapeutic benefit and / or a prophylactic benefit. A therapeutic benefit may refer to eradication or amelioration of symptoms or of an underlying disorder being treated. Also, a therapeutic benefit can be achieved with the eradication or amelioration of one or more of the physiological symptoms associated with the underlying disorder such that an improvement is observed in the subject, notwithstanding that the subject may still be afflicted with the underlying disorder. A prophylactic effect includes delaying, preventing, or eliminating the appearance of a disorder or condition, delaying or eliminating the onset of symptoms of a disorder or condition, slowing, halting, or reversing the progression of a disorder or condition, or any combination thereof. For prophylactic benefit, a subject at risk of developing a particular disorder, or to a subject reporting one or more of the physiological symptoms of a disorder may undergo treatment, even though a diagnosis of this disorder may not have been made. Skilled artisans will recognize that given a population of potential individuals for treatment not all will respond or respond equally to the treatment. Such individuals are considered treated.
[0084] As used herein, the phrase “IL-31-mediated disorder” refers to a condition or disorder associated with enhanced activity of IL-31, IL-31RA or a combination thereof. IL-31-mediated disorders include, but are not limited to, pruritic disorders, inflammatory disorders and nerve hypersensitivity. Exemplary IL-31-mediatd disorders include, but are not limited to, prurigo nodularis, allergic disease, urticaria, asthma, chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic sclerosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pemphigus-related itch, vitiligo, alopecia areata, acne rosacea, acne vulgaris, rheumatism, itch, particularly chronic itch, associated therewith: cholestasis, chronic kidney disease, Hodgkin's disease, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and other lymphomas or leukemias associated with chronic itch, polycythemia vera, hyperthyroidism, chronic post-arthropod itch (Id reaction) , pregnancy-induced chronic itch (e.g., PUPPP) , eosinophilic pustular folliculitis, drug hypersensitivity reactions, chronic pruritus of the elderly, dry skin itch (local or generalized) , and pruritus at the scar portion after burn (post-burn itch) , genetic itch or nevoid chronic itches (e.g., Netherton syndrome, Darier's disease (Morbus Darier) , Hailey-Hailey disease, inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN) , familial primary cutaneous amyloidosis, Olmsted syndrome) , aquagenic pruritus, dermatitis (e.g., atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, chronic dermatitis, fiberglass dermatitis) , mucous chronic itch, chemotherapy-induced itch and HIV-induced itch.
[0085] As used herein, the term “inflammatory disorder” means a disorder accompanied with an inflammatory condition. The inflammatory condition means a general or partial serial biological defense reaction against various injury factors acting on a biological body, for example, a pathological condition, such as a histological disorder or a circulatory disorder caused by a change in number of cells of the immune system, a change in migration speed of the cells, and a change in activity of the cells. Examples of the cells of immune system may include T cells, B cells, monocytes or macrophages, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) , dendritic cells, microglia, NK cells, NKT cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, and any other cells which are specifically related with immunity, such as cytokine-producing endothelial cells or cytokine-producing epithelial cells. The inflammatory disorder is not particularly limited as long as the disorder is accompanied with an inflammatory condition, and preferred examples thereof may include an airway inflammation, such as an allergic airway inflammation, and an autoimmune disorder. More specific examples thereof may include asthma, atopic dermatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and arthritis.
[0086] As used herein, the term “nerve hypersensitivity” refers to a nerve reaction over a normal level in time, extent and / or gravity against various injury factors acting on a biological body (e.g., a pathological condition, such as a histological disorder or a circulatory disorder caused by a change in number of cells of the immune system, or an nerve immune diseases mediated by cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13) . Exemplary IL-13-mediated disorders (which may be associated with nerve hypersensitivity) include, but are not limited to atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, food allergy, drug allergy, and anaphylaxis.
[0087] Binding molecule binding IL-31RA
[0088] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain (IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain) wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises a first complementarity-determining region (CDR1) wherein the CDRl comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; a second complementarity-determining region (CDR2) wherein the CDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 3; and a third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) wherein the CDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 5.
[0089] In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises a CDRl comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; a CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and a CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 and said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain further comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152.
[0090] In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises a CDRl comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; a CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3; and a CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 and said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain further comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152.
[0091] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 139. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 139; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 139.
[0092] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 140. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 140; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 140.
[0093] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 141. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 141; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 141.
[0094] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142.
[0095] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 143. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 143; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 143.
[0096] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 144. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 144; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 144.
[0097] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 145. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 145; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 145.
[0098] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 146. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 146; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 146.
[0099] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 147. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 147; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 147.
[0100] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148.
[0101] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 149. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 149; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 149.
[0102] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 150. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 150; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 150.
[0103] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 151. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 151; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 151.
[0104] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 152. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 152; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 152.
[0105] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises a first complementarity-determining region (CDR1) wherein the CDRl comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; a second complementarity-determining region (CDR2) wherein the CDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and a third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) wherein the CDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
[0106] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises a first complementarity-determining region (CDR1) wherein the CDRl comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; a second complementarity-determining region (CDR2) wherein the CDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3; and a third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) wherein the CDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
[0107] In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises two IL-31RA-antigen-binding domains.
[0108] In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises four IL-31RA-antigen-binding domains.
[0109] In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain is a VHH. In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain and the binding molecule is a single-domain antibody.
[0110] In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, and the binding molecule further comprises an immunoglobulin fragment crystallizable region (Fc region) ; optionally, wherein the Fc region is derived from IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4. In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, and the binding molecule further comprises a Fc region derived from human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4. In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, and the binding molecule further comprises a Fc region derived from human IgG1 and optionally comprises one or more modifications in the Fc region selected from L234A, L235A, M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, and the binding molecule further comprises a Fc region derived from human IgG2 and optionally comprises one or more modifications in the Fc region selected from M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, and the binding molecule further comprises a Fc region derived from human IgG4 and optionally comprises one or more modifications in the Fc region selected from S228P, M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering.
[0111] In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises a first complementarity-determining region (CDR1) wherein the CDRl comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; a second complementarity-determining region (CDR2) wherein the CDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and a third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) wherein the CDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, and the binding molecule further comprises two frame regions (FR2 and FR3) wherein the order of CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, FR2, and FR3 is CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3; optionally, wherein the binding molecule further comprises at least one additional frame region selected from (FR1) and (FR4) , and wherein the order of CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, FR2, FR3, and said at least one additional frame region is selected from FR1-CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3, CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3-FR4, and FR1-CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3-FR4. In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises a first complementarity-determining region (CDR1) wherein the CDRl comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; a second complementarity-determining region (CDR2) wherein the CDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3; and a third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) wherein the CDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, and the binding molecule further comprises two frame regions (FR2 and FR3) wherein the order of CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, FR2, and FR3 is CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3; optionally, wherein the binding molecule further comprises at least one additional frame region selected from (FR1) and (FR4) , and wherein the order of CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, FR2, FR3, and said at least one additional frame region is selected from FR1-CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3, CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3-FR4, and FR1-CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3-FR4.
[0112] In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, and the binding molecule is a single-chain variable fragment.
[0113] In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, and the binding molecule is an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof. The present invention also provides isolated nucleic acids encoding any of the binding molecules disclosed herein and expression vectors comprising said nucleic acids as well as host cells comprising such expression vectors.
[0114] Additionally, provided are methods of producing any of the binding molecules disclosed herein comprising culturing any of said host cell under conditions such that the binding molecule is produced; and optionally isolating the binding molecule produced. Further provided are binding molecules produced by said method. The present invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising any of the aforementioned binding molecules.
[0115] Additionally, the present invention provides methods of treating a subject who has an IL-31-mediated disorder comprising administering an effective amount of any of the aforementioned binding molecules to said subject; optionally, wherein the IL-31-mediated disorder is atopic dermatitis, prurigo nodularis, asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) , eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) , pruritus, chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) , allergy, urticaria, asthma, chronic kidney disease-associated pruritis, mastocytosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic sclerosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pemphigus-related itch, vitiligo, alopecia areata, acne rosacea, acne vulgaris, or rheumatism.
[0116] Further, the present invention provides a use of any of the aforementioned binding molecules for treatment of an IL-31-mediated disorder.
[0117] Additionally, the present invention provides a use of any of the aforementioned binding molecules for preparation of a medicament for treating an IL-31-mediated disorder.
[0118] In certain embodiments, the binding molecule of the present invention is a VHH that binds IL-31RA. In certain embodiments, the binding molecule of the present invention is a single domain antibody that binds IL-31RA.
[0119] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises two IL-31RA-antigen-binding domains attached to a heavy-chain constant region CH1 wherein the heavy-chain constant region comprises a Fc region to form a divalent HcAb. In certain embodiments, such divalent HcAb further includes an additional IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain connected by a linker to each IL-31-RA-antigen-binding domain resulting in a tetravalent HcAb.
[0120] Binding Molecules in Bispecific Format
[0121] In any of the aforementioned embodiments of the binding molecule comprising at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, the binding molecule further comprises at least one interleukin-13-antigen-binding domain (IL-13-antigen-binding domain) wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises a first variable region (V1) wherein the V1 comprises: (i) a V1 CDRl comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 98; a V1 CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 99; and a V1 CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 100; or (ii) an amino acid sequence having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153; and optionally, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain further comprises a second variable region (V2) wherein the V2 comprises: (a) a V2 CDRl comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 101; a V2 CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 102; and a V2 CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 103; or (b) an amino acid sequence having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105.
[0122] In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, and the binding molecule further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises a first variable region (V1) wherein the V1 comprises a V1 CDRl comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 98; a V1 CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 99; and a V1 CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 100.
[0123] In certain embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, and the binding molecule further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises a first variable region (V1) , wherein the V1 comprises a V1 CDRl comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 98; a V1 CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 99; and a V1 CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 100, and the V1 further comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153; optionally, wherein the V1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153.
[0124] In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, and the binding molecule further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises a first variable region (V1) wherein the V1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153. In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, and the binding molecule further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises a first variable region (V1) wherein the V1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153; optionally having 100%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153. In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, and the binding molecule further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises a first variable region (V1) wherein the V1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153.
[0125] In any of the aforementioned embodiments wherein the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, and the binding molecule further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises a first variable region (V1) as described above, said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain further comprises a second variable region (V2) wherein the V2 comprises: (a) a V2 CDRl comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 101; a V2 CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 102; and a V2 CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 103; or (b) an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105. In certain such embodiments, the V2 comprises a V2 CDRl comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 101; a V2 CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 102; and a V2 CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 103. In certain such embodiments, the V2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105. In one such embodiment, the V2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105.
[0126] In certain of the aforementioned embodiments of the binding molecule, wherein the binding molecule further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain, the binding molecule further comprises an immunoglobulin fragment crystallizable region (Fc region) ; optionally, wherein the Fc region is derived from IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4. In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, and the binding molecule further comprises a Fc region derived from human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4. In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, and the binding molecule further comprises a Fc region derived from human IgG1 and optionally comprises one or more modifications in the Fc region selected from L234A, L235A, M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, and the binding molecule further comprises a Fc region derived from human IgG2 and optionally comprises one or more modifications in the Fc region selected from M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. In certain embodiments, the binding molecule comprises at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain, and the binding molecule further comprises a Fc region derived from human IgG4 and optionally comprises one or more modifications in the Fc region selected from S228P, M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering.
[0127] In certain of the aforementioned embodiments of the binding molecule, wherein the binding molecule further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain, the binding molecule is a single-chain variable fragment.
[0128] In certain of the aforementioned embodiments of the binding molecule, wherein the binding molecule further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain, the binding molecule is an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof. In certain of the aforementioned embodiments of the binding molecule, wherein the binding molecule further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain, the binding molecule is an antibody.
[0129] In certain of the aforementioned embodiments of the binding molecule, wherein the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain and further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain, said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain further comprises the V2 and the V2 comprises (a) , optionally, wherein the V2 further comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105; optionally, wherein the V2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105.
[0130] In certain of the aforementioned embodiments of the binding molecule, wherein the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain and further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain, said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises the V2 and the V2 comprises (b) , optionally, wherein the V2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 97%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105; optionally, wherein the V2 comprises an amino acid sequence having 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105.
[0131] In certain of the aforementioned embodiments of the binding molecule, wherein the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain and further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain, said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises the V2 and the V2 comprises (b) and the V2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105; optionally, wherein the V2 comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105.
[0132] In certain of the aforementioned embodiments of the binding molecule, wherein the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain and further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain, the binding molecule is a single-chain variable fragment.
[0133] In certain of the aforementioned embodiments of the binding molecule, wherein the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain and further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain, the binding molecule is an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0134] In certain of the aforementioned embodiments of the binding molecule, wherein the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain and further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain, said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142. In certain of the aforementioned embodiments of the binding molecule, wherein the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain and further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain, said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142.
[0135] In certain of the aforementioned embodiments of the binding molecule, wherein the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain and further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain, said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148. In certain of the aforementioned embodiments of the binding molecule, wherein the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain and further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain, said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148.
[0136] The present invention also provides isolated nucleic acids encoding any of the binding molecules disclosed herein (e.g., wherein the binding molecule further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain) and expression vectors comprising said nucleic acids as well as host cells comprising such expression vectors. Additionally, provided are methods of producing any of the binding molecules (e.g., wherein the binding molecule further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain) disclosed herein comprising culturing any of said host cell under conditions such that the binding molecule is produced; and optionally isolating the binding molecule produced. Further provided are binding molecules (e.g., wherein the binding molecule further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain) produced by said method.
[0137] The present invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising any of the aforementioned binding molecules (wherein the binding molecule further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain) .
[0138] Additionally, the present invention provides methods of treating a subject who has at least one disorder selected from an IL-31-mediated disorder and an IL-13-mediated disorder comprising administering an effective amount of any of the aforementioned binding molecules (wherein the binding molecule further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain) to said subject; optionally, wherein at least one such disorder is atopic dermatitis, prurigo nodularis, asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) , eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) , pruritus, chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) , allergy, urticaria, asthma, chronic kidney disease-associated pruritis, mastocytosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic sclerosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pemphigus-related itch, vitiligo, alopecia areata, acne rosacea, acne vulgaris, or rheumatism.
[0139] Further, the present invention provides a use of any of the aforementioned binding molecules (wherein the binding molecule further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain) , for treatment of at least one disorder selected from an IL-31-mediated disorder and an IL-13-mediated disorder.
[0140] Additionally, the present invention provides a use of any of the aforementioned binding molecules (wherein the binding molecule further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain) for preparation of a medicament for treating at least one disorder selected from an IL-31-mediated disorder and an IL-13-mediated disorder.
[0141] In certain of the aforementioned embodiments of the binding molecule, wherein the binding molecule further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain, and the binding molecule is an antibody and wherein said antibody comprises a light chain and a heavy chain, and wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises a first variable region (V1) and a second variable region (V2) and wherein said heavy chain comprises said V1 and said light chain comprises said V2, and wherein said heavy chain comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain; optionally said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain is attached at the N-terminus of the V1.
[0142] In certain of the aforementioned embodiments of the binding molecule, wherein the binding molecule further comprises at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain, and the binding molecule is an antibody and wherein said antibody comprises a light chain and a heavy chain, and wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises a first variable region (V1) and a second variable region (V2) and wherein said heavy chain comprises said V1 and said light chain comprises said V2, and wherein said light chain comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain; optionally said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain is attached at the N-terminus of the V2.
[0143] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises an IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain attached to the N-terminus of the (V1) heavy-chain variable region or the (V2) light-chain variable region of an IL-13 antibody to form a modified antibody that is bispecific. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises an IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain attached to the N-terminus of the V1 (heavy-chain) variable region of an IL-13 antibody to form a modified antibody that is bispecific. In another embodiment, the binding molecule comprises an IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain attached to the N-terminus of the V2 (light-chain) variable region of an IL-13 antibody to form a modified antibody that is bispecific. In certain embodiments, the IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain is attached through a linker (e.g., a Gly-Ser peptide linker, specifically, GGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 137) ) to the N-terminal of the light-chain of an anti-IL-13 antibody. In one embodiment, such modified antibody comprises an Fc region either derived from an IgG4 with S228P and M252Y / S254T / T256E modifications (EU numbering) or an IgG1 with L234A / L235A and M252Y / S254T / T256E modifications (EU numbering) . In one embodiment, such modified antibody comprises an Fc region derived from human IgG1 and optionally comprises modifications L234A and L235A wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. In another embodiment, such modified antibody comprises an Fc region derived from IgG1 and comprises modifications L234A, L235A, M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. In yet another embodiment, such modified antibody comprises an Fc region derived from human IgG2 and optionally comprises one or more modifications selected from M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. In yet still another embodiment, such modified antibody comprises an Fc region derived from human IgG4 and optionally comprises modification S228P wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. In still yet another embodiment, such modified antibody comprises an Fc region derived from human IgG4 and comprises modifications S228P, M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering.
[0144] Provided herein is a binding molecule comprising:
[0145] ● at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain (IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain) wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises: (i) a first complementarity-determining region (CDR1) wherein the CDRl comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; a second complementarity-determining region (CDR2) wherein the CDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 3; and a third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) wherein the CDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 5; or (ii) an amino acid sequence having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152; and
[0146] ● at least one interleukin-13-antigen-binding domain (IL-13-antigen-binding domain) wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises a first variable region (V1) wherein the V1 comprises: (i) a V1 CDRl comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 98; a V1 CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 99; and a V1 CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 100; or (ii) an amino acid sequence having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153; and optionally, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain further comprises a second variable region (V2) wherein the V2 comprises: (a) a V2 CDRl comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 101; a V2 CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 102; and a V2 CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 103; or (b) an amino acid sequence having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105.
[0147] In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain and at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain wherein (i) said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises a variable region comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 90% (for example, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or even 100%) sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 153 and a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 90% (for example, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or even 100%) sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 105, and (ii) said at least one IL-31RA binding molecule comprises at least one VHH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 90% (for example, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or even 100%) sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 142. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain and at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain wherein (i) said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises a variable region comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 90% (for example, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or even 100%) sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 153 and a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 90% (for example, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or even 100%) sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 105, and (ii) said at least one IL-31RA binding molecule comprises at least one VHH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 90% (for example, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or even 100%) sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 148. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprises at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain and at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain wherein (i) said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises a variable region comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 90% (for example, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or even 100%) sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 153 and a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 90% (for example, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or even 100%) sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 105, and In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprising an IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises: (i) a CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; a CDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 2; and a CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. In one embodiment, the binding molecule comprising an IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises: (i) a CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; a CDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 3; and a CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.
[0148] In some embodiments, the binding molecule comprises one or more polypeptides collectively capable of binding IL-31RA and inhibiting IL-31 activity (and / or IL-31RA activity) plus also binding IL-13 and inhibiting IL-13 activity. In some embodiments, the binding molecule is a bispecific antibody (or antigen-binding fragment thereof) .
[0149] In some embodiments, the binding molecule is an antibody (or an antigen-binding fragment thereof) selected from of any of the bispecific antibodies exemplified herein (namely, Bis-19, Bis-20, Bis-24, Bis-26, Bis-28, Bis-29, Bis-31, or Bis-32) . In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody comprises an IL-13 binding molecule and an IL-31RA binding molecule, wherein said at least one IL-13 binding molecule comprises two anti-IL-13 immunoglobulin heavy chain and light chain pairs, and said at least one IL-31RA binding molecule comprises at least one VHH linked (by a chemical bond or a linker) to the N terminal of one or two heavy chains and / or light chains. In some embodiments, the at least one VHH is two, three, four or more VHHs in tandem, each VHH separated by a linker.
[0150] In some embodiments, the binding molecule of the present invention comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 104 or an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%, or even 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 104. In some embodiments, the binding molecule (e.g., the bispecific antibody or a fragment thereof, or the bispecific antagonist antibody or a fragment thereof) of the present invention comprises a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 105 or an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%, or even 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 105. In some embodiments, the binding molecule (e.g., the bispecific antibody or a fragment thereof, or the bispecific antagonist antibody or a fragment thereof) of the present invention comprises a VHH comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 142 or an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%, or even 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 142. In some embodiments, the binding molecule (e.g., the bispecific antibody or a fragment thereof, or the bispecific antagonist antibody or a fragment thereof) of the present invention comprises (1) a immunoglobulin heavy chain comprising an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%, or even 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 104; (2) a immunoglobulin light chain comprising an immunoglobulin light chain variable region (VL) having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%, or even 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 105; and (3) a IL-31RA binding molecule comprising a VHH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%, or even 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 142. In some embodiments, (1) the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (VH) comprises an HCDR1 amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 98; an HCDR2 amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 99; and an HCDR3 amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 100; (2) the immunoglobulin light chain variable region (VL) comprises an LCDR1 amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 101; an LCDR2 amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 102; and an LCDR3 amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 103; and (3) the VHH comprises an HCDR1 amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1; an HCDR2 amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2; and an HCDR3 amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, the linker is a peptide linker, optionally, the linker comprises (G) n (S) m, wherein n or m is an integer from 1 to 50, optionally, the linker has a length of 1 to 20 amino acids. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin heavy chain is human IgG1. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin heavy chain comprises one or more amino acid substitutions promoting heterodimerization. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin heavy chain comprises L234A / L235A and / or M252Y / S254T / T256E (EU numbering) . In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin heavy chain is human IgG4. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin heavy chain comprises one or more amino acid substitutions promoting heterodimerization. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin heavy chain comprises S228P and / or M252Y / S254T / T256E (EU numbering) .
[0151] In some embodiments, the binding molecule comprises one or more amino acid sequence selected form the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 106-119 and 33 or one or more amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity therewith. In some embodiments, the binding molecule (e.g., the bispecific antibody or a fragment thereof, or the bispecific antagonist antibody or a fragment thereof) , comprises:
[0152] (1) SEQ ID NO: 108 and SEQ ID NO: 107, or amino acid sequences having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity therewith;
[0153] (2) SEQ ID NO: 106 and SEQ ID NO: 109, or amino acid sequences having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity therewith;
[0154] (3) SEQ ID NO: 114 and SEQ ID NO: 109, or amino acid sequences having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity therewith;
[0155] (4) SEQ ID NO: 115 and SEQ ID NO: 109, or amino acid sequences having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity therewith;
[0156] (5) SEQ ID NO: 116 and SEQ ID NO: 109, or amino acid sequences having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity therewith;
[0157] (6) SEQ ID NO: 117 and SEQ ID NO: 109, or amino acid sequences having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity therewith;
[0158] (7) SEQ ID NO: 118 and SEQ ID NO: 109, or amino acid sequences having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity therewith; or
[0159] (8) SEQ ID NO: 119 and SEQ ID NO: 109, or amino acid sequences having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity therewith.
[0160] In some embodiments, the binding molecule has a format as exemplified by Bis-21 and Bis-22. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody or a fragment thereof, or the bispecific antagonist antibody or a fragment thereof, comprises an IL-13 binding molecule and an IL-31RA binding molecule, and wherein said at least one IL-13 binding molecule comprises one anti-IL-13 immunoglobulin heavy chain and light chain pair, and said at least one IL-31RA binding molecule comprises at least one VHH linked (by a chemical bond or a linker) to linked (by a chemical bond or a linker) to a Fc region, which may specifically comprises CH2 and CH3, or mutants or fragments thereof. In some embodiments, said at least one IL-31RA binding molecule comprises two, three, four or more VHH in tandem, linked to a Fc region comprising CH2 and CH3, or mutants or fragments thereof, by a chemical bond or a linker. In some embodiments, said at least one IL-13 binding molecule further comprises the VH-VL dimer of the heavy chain and light chain pair, linked to the N-terminal of the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain pair, by a chemical bond or a linker. In some embodiments, the VH in the VH-VL dimer links to the N-terminal of the immunoglobulin heavy chain, and the VL in the VH-VL dimer links to the N-terminal of the immunoglobulin light chain. In some embodiments, at least one VHH is two, three, four or more VHHs in tandem.
[0161] In some embodiments, the binding molecule (e.g., the bispecific antibody or a fragment thereof, or the bispecific antagonist antibody or a fragment thereof) of the present invention comprises a immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 104 or an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%, or even 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 104. In some embodiments, the binding molecule (e.g., the bispecific antibody or a fragment thereof, or the bispecific antagonist antibody or a fragment thereof) of the present invention comprises a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 105 or an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%, or even 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 105. In some embodiments, the binding molecule (e.g., the bispecific antibody or a fragment thereof, or the bispecific antagonist antibody or a fragment thereof) of the present invention comprises a VHH comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 142 or an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%, or even 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 142. In some embodiments, the binding molecule (e.g., the bispecific antibody or a fragment thereof, or the bispecific antagonist antibody or a fragment thereof) of the present invention comprises (1) a immunoglobulin heavy chain comprising an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%, or even 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 104; (2) a immunoglobulin light chain comprising an immunoglobulin light chain variable region (VL) having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%, or even 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 105; and (3) a IL-31Rα binding molecule comprising a VHH comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%, or even 100%sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 142. In some embodiments, (1) the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (VH) comprises an HCDR1 amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 98; an HCDR2 amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 99 and an HCDR3 amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 100; (2) the immunoglobulin light chain variable region (VL) comprises an LCDR1 amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 101; an LCDR2 amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 102; and an LCDR3 amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 103; and (3) the VHH comprises an HCDR1 amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1; an HCDR2 amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2; and an HCDR3 amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, the linker is a peptide linker, optionally, the linker comprises (G) n (S) m, wherein n or m is an integer from 1 to 50, optionally, the linker has a length of 1 to 20 amino acids. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin heavy chain is human IgG1. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin heavy chain comprises one or more amino acid substitutions promoting heterodimerization. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin heavy chain comprises L234A / L235A and / or M252Y / S254T / T256E (EU numbering) . In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin heavy chain is human IgG4. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin heavy chain comprises one or more amino acid substitutions promoting heterodimerization. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin heavy chain comprises S228P and / or M252Y / S254T / T256E (EU numbering)
[0162] In some embodiments, the binding molecule (e.g., the bispecific antibody or a fragment thereof, or the bispecific antagonist antibody or a fragment thereof) comprises one or more amino acid sequence selected form the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 106-119 and 33 or one or more amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity therewith. In some embodiments, the binding molecule (e.g., the bispecific antibody or a fragment thereof, or the bispecific antagonist antibody or a fragment thereof) comprises:
[0163] (9) SEQ ID NO: 113, SEQ ID NO: 107, and SEQ ID NO: 110, or amino acid sequences having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity therewith; or
[0164] (10) SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 111, and SEQ ID NO: 110, or amino acid sequences having at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%or 99%sequence identity therewith.
[0165] Polynucleotide
[0166] The present application also provides polynucleotides encoding the above binding molecules. Polynucleotides of the invention may be in the form of DNA or RNA. DNA forms include cDNA, genomic DNA, or synthetic DNA. DNA can be single-stranded or double-stranded. DNA can be a coding strand or a non-coding strand.
[0167] The term “polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide” may include a polynucleotide that encodes the polypeptide and may also include a polynucleotide that includes additional coding and / or non-coding sequences.
[0168] The invention also relates to polynucleotides that hybridize to the sequences described above and that have at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, and more preferably at least 80%identity between the two sequences. The present application specifically relates to polynucleotides that can be hybridized to the polynucleotides of the present application under stringent conditions. In the present application, “stringent conditions” refers to: (1) hybridization and elution at lower ionic strength and higher temperature, such as 0.2×SSC, 0.1%SDS, 60℃.; or (2) additional denaturants during hybridization, such as 50% (v / v) formamide, 0.1%fetal bovine serum / 0.1%Ficoll, 42℃., etc.; or (3) hybridization occurs only when the identity between the two sequences is at least over 90%, preferably over 95%. Also, polypeptides encoded by hybridizable polynucleotides have the same biological functions and activities as mature polypeptides.
[0169] The full-length nucleotide sequence of the antibody of the present application or a fragment thereof can generally be obtained by a PCR amplification method, a recombination method, or an artificial synthesis method. Once the concerned sequences are obtained, the sequences of interest can be obtained in large scale using recombinant methods. Usually, sequences can be obtained by cloning the desired nucleotide into an expression vector, transferring it into host cells, and then isolating the sequences from the proliferated host cells by conventional methods.
[0170] Bio-molecules (nucleic acids, polypeptides, etc. ) to which the present application relates are limited to bio-molecules that exist in isolated form.
[0171] At present, DNA sequences encoding the binding molecules of the present application (or an antigen-binding fragment thereof) can be obtained completely by chemical synthesis. The DNA sequence then can be introduced into various existing DNA molecules (e.g., expression vectors) and host cells known in the art. In addition, mutations can also be introduced into the sequences of the present invention by chemical synthesis.
[0172] Expression vector
[0173] The invention also relates to expression vector comprising the above-mentioned suitable polynucleotide sequences and suitable promoters or control sequences. These vectors can be used to transform an appropriate host cell so that it can express the protein.
[0174] Host cell
[0175] The host cell can be a prokaryotic cell, such as a bacterial cell; or a lower eukaryotic cell, such as a yeast cell; or a higher eukaryotic cell, such as a mammalian cell. Exemplary host cells include, but are not limited to, Escherichia coli, Streptomyces, bacterial cells such as Salmonella typhimurium, fungal cells such as yeast, insect cells of Drosophila S2 or Sf9, animal cells of CHO, COST, 293 cells.
[0176] The transformation of the host cell with the recombinant DNA can be performed using conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art. When the host is a prokaryotic organism such as E. coli, competent cells capable of absorbing DNA can be harvested after the exponential growth phase and treated with the CaCl2 method. The procedures used are known in the art. Another method is to use MgCl2. If necessary, conversion can also be performed by electroporation. When the host is eukaryotic, the following DNA transfection methods can be used: calcium phosphate coprecipitation, conventional mechanical methods such as microinjection, electroporation, liposome packaging, and the like.
[0177] The obtained transformants can be cultured in a conventional manner to express the polypeptide encoded by the gene of the present application. Depending on the host cells used, the medium used in the culture may be selected from various conventional media. The culture is performed under conditions suitable for the host cells growth. After the host cells are grown to an appropriate cell density, the selected promoter is induced by a suitable method (such as temperature shift or chemical induction) and the cells are incubated for a further period of time.
[0178] The recombinant polypeptide in the above method may be expressed intracellularly, or on the cell membrane, or secreted extracellularly. If necessary, recombinant polypeptide (s) can be isolated and purified by various separation methods by utilizing its physical, chemical and other characteristics. These methods are well-known to those skilled in the art.
[0179] Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0180] Provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising any of the binding molecules of the present invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, carriers, and diluents.
[0181] Methods and Uses
[0182] Provided herein are methods for producing a binding molecule of the present application, comprising culturing a suitable host cell (containing one or more expression vectors containing polynucleotide (s) encoding polypeptide (s) of binding molecule) under conditions such that the binding molecule is produced and optionally, recovering the binding molecule produced.
[0183] Provided herein are methods for treatment of at least one disorder selected from an IL-31-mediated disorder and an IL-13-mediated disorder including, but not limited to, atopic dermatitis, pruritus, prurigo nodularis, allergic disease, asthma, and a disease associated with abnormal production of IL-13 or IL-31RA or IL-31 or combination thereof. In some embodiments, the disease is selected from the group consisting of eczema, vitiligo, alopecia areata, acne rosacea, acne vulgaris or bullous pemphigoid, atopic dermatitis, chronic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, rheumatism, chronic asthma, pruritus, alopecia areata, chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps, Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Nasal Polyps (CRSsNP) , eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) , Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder or disease (ENID) selected from the group consisting of Eosinophilic Gastritis (EoG) , Eosinophilic Enteritis (EoN) , Eosinophilic Colitis (EoC) , and Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis (EGE) , Churg-Strauss syndrome / Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) , Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU) , Cold Inducible Urticaria, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) , Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) , Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis (AFRS) , Cold Inducible Urticaria (ColdU) , allergic rhinitis, fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, lung inflammatory disorders (including pulmonary fibrosis such as IPF) , or hepatic fibrosis.
[0184] The application now will be exemplified for the benefit of the artisan by the following non-limiting examples that depict some of the embodiments by and in which the instant application can be practiced.
[0185] Unless indicated or defined otherwise, all terms used have their usual meaning in the art, which will be clear to the skilled person. Reference is for example made to the standard handbooks, such as Sambrook et al, “Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual” (2nd. Ed. ) , Vols. 1-3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1989) ; F. Ausubel et al, eds., “Current Protocols in Molecular Biology” , Green Publishing and Wiley Interscience, New York (1987) ; Lewin, “Genes II” , John Wiley &Sons, New York, N.Y., (1985) ; Old et al., “Principles of Gene Manipulation: An Introduction to Genetic Engineering” , 2nd edition, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA (1981) ; Roitt et al., “Immunology” (6th. Ed. ) , Mosby / Elsevier, Edinburgh (2001) ; Roitt et al., Roitt's Essential Immunology, 10th Ed. Blackwell Publishing, U K (2001) ; and Janeway et al., “Immunobiology” (6th Ed. ) , Garland Science Publishing / Churchill Livingstone, New York (2005) , as well as to the general background art cited herein.
[0186] Unless indicated otherwise, all methods, steps, techniques and manipulations that are not specifically described in detail can be performed and have been performed in a manner known per se, as will be clear to the skilled person. Reference is for example again made to the standard handbooks and the general background art mentioned herein and to the further references cited therein; as well as to for example the following reviews Presta, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2006, 58 (5-6) : 640-56; Levin and Weiss, Mol. Biosyst. 2006, 2 (1) : 49-57; Irving et al., J. Immunol. Methods, 2001, 248 (1-2) , 31-45; Schmitz et al., Placenta, 2000, 21 Suppl. A, S106-12, Gonzales et al., Tumour Biol., 2005, 26 (1) , 31-43, which describe techniques for protein engineering, such as affinity maturation and other techniques for improving the specificity and other desired properties of proteins such as immunoglobulins.
[0187] As used herein, the term "antibody" is used in the broadest sense, and refers to both monovalent and multivalent forms capable of specifically binding to a target antigen through an antigen-binding domain (e.g., of an immunoglobulin molecule or variable domain derived therefrom) , including mono-specific forms (e.g., a bivalent antibody (such as a monoclonal antibody) or tetravalent antibody) and multi-specific forms (e.g., a bispecific antibody that is a full-length antibody or a modified form thereof having additional antigen-binding domains) . The antibodies of the application can be of any type (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, or IgA) , or subtype (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG2a, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, or IgA2) ( "type" and "class" , and "subtype" and “subclass” , are used interchangeably herein) . In one embodiment, antibodies include a fragment crystallizable region derived from isotype IgG (e.g., subclass IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4) . It is understood that an antibody can be a single-domain antibody (including, for example, antibodies derived from camelid or shark, or modified forms thereof such as humanized versions) . Antibodies derived from non-human species that are intended for therapeutic use in humans are preferentially modified to create versions that are less immunogenic in humans (e.g., chimeric antibodies or humanized antibodies) .
[0188] Standard cell lines and methods for the production of antibodies from a large-scale cell culture are known in the art. See e.g., Li et aI., "Cell culture processes for monoclonal antibody production. " Mabs. 2010 Sep-Oct; 2 (5) : 466-477. In certain embodiments, the cell is a Eukaryotic cell. In certain embodiments, the Eukaryotic cell is a mammalian cell. In certain embodiments, the mammalian cell is a cell line useful for producing antibodies is a Chines Hamster Ovary cell (CHO) cell, an NSO murine myeloma cell, or a PER. cell. In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid encoding the antibody is integrated into a genomic locus of a cell useful for producing antibodies. In certain embodiments, described herein is a method of making an antibody comprising culturing a cell comprising a nucleic acid encoding an antibody under conditions in vitro sufficient to allow production and production of said antibody.
[0189] An antibody having an increased half-life in vivo can also be generated by introducing one or more amino acid modifications (i.e., substitutions, insertions or deletions) into an IgG constant domain, or FcRn binding fragment thereof. Further, an antibody can be conjugated to albumin to make an antibody more stable in vivo or have a longer half-life in vivo. The techniques are known in the art. The antibody also can be modified, for example, by glycosylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, amidation, derivatization by known protecting / blocking groups, proteolytic cleavage, linkage to a cellular ligand or other molecule.
[0190] As used herein the phrase “full-length antibody” refers to having an antigen-binding domain with complementarity determining regions (CDRs) from both a light-chain (LC) CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 (with at least one light-chain variable domain (VL) and a constant light-chain domain (CL) ) and a heavy-chain (HC) (with at least one variable region (VH) (such an antibody referred to herein as “a full-length antibody” ) .
[0191] As used herein the phrase “single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) ” refers to an antibody having at least one monomeric variable region on the heavy-chain (e.g., heavy-chain antibodies (HCAbs) but having no light-chain. Exemplary sdAbs include HCAbs derived from camelid antibodies (VHH-Ig subclasses 2 and 3) and immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (IgNAR) (e.g., derived from shark) ; and humanized forms of either of these non-human species.
[0192] As used herein the phrase “antigen-binding domain” refers to a domain formed by one or more variable regions of an antibody (either on the same or different polypeptides) that specifically binds to a target antigen.
[0193] As used herein the phrase “antigen-binding fragment” in the context of an antigen-binding fragment of an antibody refers to one or more fragments of an antibody that retain the ability to specifically bind to a given antigen (e.g., IL-31RA) . Antigen binding functions of an antibody can be performed by fragments of an intact antibody. Examples of antigen-binding fragments include, but are not limited to, fragment antigen-binding region (Fab region) ; Fab’ ; F (ab’ ) 2, an Fd fragment consisting of the VH and CH1 domains, an Fv fragment consisting of the VL and VH domains of a single arm of an antibody; single domain antibody (dAb) fragment; VHH (monomeric variable region of heavy chain antibody) and an isolated complementarity determining region (CDR) .
[0194] As used herein, the phrases “specifically bind (s) ” or “specifically binding” in the context of a binding molecule refers to preferential binding to a target antigen (e.g., with greater affinity, avidity, more readily or with greater duration than substances other than the antigen) . It is understood that specific binding does not necessarily require (although it can include) exclusive binding. Methods to determine specific binding are known in the art.
[0195] As used herein, the phrase “single-domain antibody” refers to an antibody having a single monomeric antibody variable domain.
[0196] As used herein, the term “VHH” refers to the heavy chain variable region capable of specifically binding to a target antigen (e.g., derived from a HcAb such as camelid, and optionally humanized) .
[0197] As used herein, the term “treating” and “treatment” refers to an approach for obtaining beneficial or desired clinical results in a subject having at least one symptom of a disorder including, but not limited to, one or more of the following: ameliorating at least one symptom of said disorder and increasing the quality of life of such subject.
[0198] As used herein, the term “ameliorating” refers to a lessening or improvement of at least one symptom of a disorder including shortening or reducing the duration of at least one symptom as compared to not administering an binding molecule of the present invention.
[0199] For the purposes of comparing two or more amino acid sequences or nucleotide sequences, the percentage of “sequence identity” between a first sequence and a second sequence may be calculated by dividing the number of amino acids or nucleotides in the first sequence that are identical to the amino acids or nucleotides at the corresponding positions in the second sequence by the total number of amino acids or nucleotides in the first sequence and multiplying by 100%, in which each deletion, insertion, substitution or addition of an amino acid or nucleotide in the second sequence-compared to the first sequence-is considered as a difference at a single amino acid or nucleotide (position) . Alternatively, the degree of sequence identity between two or more amino acid or nucleotide sequences may be calculated using a known computer algorithm for sequence alignment such as NCBI Blast v2.0, using standard settings.
[0200] As used herein, the phrase “IL-13-mediated disorder” refers to a condition or disorder associated with enhanced activity of IL-13. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) , an immunoregulatory cytokine secreted predominantly by activated Th2 cells in response to parasitic infection, is elevated in several inflammatory disorders including AD, PN, asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) , eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) , alopecia areata and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) . Notably, IL-13 binds a heterodimeric complex composed of IL-13 receptor subunit alpha 1 (IL-13RA1) and interleukin-4 alpha (IL-4RA) which results in activation of JAK1 or JAK2 / TYK2, STAT6, STAT3 and STAT1 pathways. Examples of IL-13 mediated disorders include, but are not limited to, pruritic disorders and inflammatory disorders. Exemplary IL-31-mediated disorders include, but are not limited to, asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) , atopic dermatitis (e.g., severe pruritus-like atopic dermatitis (AD) ) , mastocytosis, pruritus (e.g., prurigo nodularis, itching associated with renal failure (e.g., chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) ) , systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and other autoimmune diseases where enhanced IL-13 activity contributes to pathology.
[0201] The present application is further described in combination with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are only for illustrating the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. The experimental methods that do not specify the specific conditions in the following examples are generally performed according to conventional conditions such as those described in Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989) , or according to the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise indicated, percentages and parts are percentages by weight and parts by weight.
[0202] EXAMPLES
[0203] Example 1: The source of cell lines and reference antibodies in the experiment
[0204] Cell lines: Stable cell lines, such as CHO-K1-human IL-31RA cells, CHO-K1-cynomolgus monkey IL-31RA cells, HEK293-human IL-31RA cells and Ba / F3-human or cynomolgus monkey IL-31RA / OSMRB cells, were obtained from Genomeditech, the A549 cell line was obtained from ATCC, the HaCaT cell line was obtained from Cobioer, the ADCC / NFAT-reporter-Jurkat cell line was obtained from BPS Biosciences, and the TF-1 cell line was obtained from ExCell. Additionally, human PBMCs were obtained from OriCells. Reference antibodies: The nemolizumab monoclonal antibody and Fab fragment thereof which specifically bind human IL-31RA were expressed according to the Chugai patent (US9399680B2) by Biointron. The lebrikizumab monoclonal antibody that specifically binds IL-13 was purchased from Biointron.
[0205] Example 2: Alignment of human, cynomolgus monkey, camel and alpaca IL-31RA
[0206] The extracellular domain (ECD) of human IL-31RA, cynomolgus monkey IL-31RA, camel IL-31RA, and alpaca IL-31RA sequences were retrieved from Uniport or NCBI. These sequences were aligned, and their identities were calculated (Figure 1) . Human and cynomolgus monkey IL-31RA exhibit a high sequence identity of 93.26%. In contrast, the sequence identity between human IL-31RA as compared to camel and alpaca IL-31RA is relatively lower (i.e., 71.62%and 72.43%, respectively) .
[0207] Example 3: Phage display library construction and panning
[0208] Camels and alpacas were immunized with human IL-31RA-Fc protein and / or CHO-K1-human IL-31RA cells, thereafter, blood samples were collected from these animals. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from the blood at the end of immunization, and total RNA was extracted according to the instruction of the SuperScript III First-strand Synthesis System kit (Invitrogen) . The total RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA, and the VHH fragment was amplified by PCR. The phagemid vector, pComb3xSS, and the VHH fragment were digested by the SfiI restriction enzyme (NEB) . The digested VHH fragments were ligated to the digested vector using T4 DNA ligase (NEB) . The reaction product was purified and electro-transformed into E. coli TG1 competent cells to construct a phage-display VHH library, with library size determined to be approximately 2E09. Twenty-four clones were randomly picked for sequencing, and the results showed an effective ratio of about 80%. The library was rescued with M13KO7 helper phage and amplified in 2×YT medium for panning. IL-31RA-binding positive phages were obtained after two rounds of panning with biotinylated human IL-31RA-his (Sino Biological) immobilized on magnetic beads, and then used to infect E. coli TG1 which thereafter were plated for clonal selection. A total of 1656 clones were randomly picked for culturing, and supernatant containing VHH antibodies was produced.
[0209] Example 4: Screening of phage display library
[0210] Thirty microliters of supernatant from selected clones was transferred into separate wells of 96-well plates and mixed with 40μl of HEK293-human IL-31RA cells in FACS buffer. The mixture was then incubated with biotinylated human IL-31-his (Sino Biological) for 1 hour at 4℃. After two washes with 200 μL of FACS buffer, the cells were treated with PE-labeled streptavidin (BioLegend) and incubated for 30 minutes at 4℃. The flow cytometer (BD FACSCelestaTM) was used to analyze the cells and Mean Fluorescent Intensity (MFI) was generated using FlowJoTM Software. The inhibition ratio of IL-31 binding to IL-31RA was calculated using the formula below:
[0211] %Inhibition = (1- (GeoMean PE-A of well value-GeoMean PE-A of 100%inhibition Control) / (GeoMean PE-A of 0%inhibition Control -GeoMean P E-A of 100%inhibition Control) ) *100. A summary of the results for representative clones with an inhibition ratio of at least 78%is shown in Table 1.
[0212] Table 1. Inhibition of human IL-31 binding to human IL-31RA by supernatant from representative clones.
[0213] Example 5: In vitro evaluation of purified camelid sdAbs
[0214] 5.1 Binding to human and cynomolgus monkey IL-31RA
[0215] The binding of camelid sdAbs to human and cynomolgus monkey IL-31RA was evaluated using HEK293-human IL-31RA cells and CHO-K1-cynomolgus monkey IL-31RA cells, respectively. For each individual cell line, cells were prepared in FACS buffer at a density of 50,000 cells per well of a 96-well plate. Thereafter, 30 microliters of serially diluted sdAbs purified from certain clones or nemolizumab Fab fragment (collectively referred to herein for such assays as “antibodies” ) was added to each well. After incubating cells with the antibodies at 4℃ for 1 hour, the cells were washed with FACS buffer 3 times. Thereafter, the cells were stained with a secondary antibody (iFluor647-conjμgated THETM His Tag Antibody, Genscript) at a 1: 500 dilution in FACS buffer and incubated for 0.5 hour at 4℃. After washing 3 times, the iFluor647 signals of the stained cells were detected by BD FACS Celesta, and MFI was calculated using FlowJo software. The mean fluorescence signals were plotted against the logarithm of antibody concentration. The EC50 values were determined using a four-parameter log (agonist) vs. response-variable slope curve fit (GraphPad Software) . A summary of the results is shown in Table 2.
[0216] 5.2 Inhibition of human IL-31 binding to human IL-31RA
[0217] The inhibition of human IL-31 binding to human IL-31RA by camelid sdAbs was assessed in HEK293-human IL-31RA cells. In brief, a total of 50,000 HEK293-human IL-31RA cells were seeded into individual wells of a 96-well plate. The cells were incubated with 30 μl of purified antibodies at various concentration and 30 μl of biotin-labeled human IL-31-his (Sino Biological) in FACS buffer for 1 hour at 4℃. After washing the cells with FACS buffer, Streptavidin conjugated with PE (BioLegend) was added and incubated with the cells at 4℃ for 30 minutes. The PE signals of the stained cells were measured by flow cytometer (BD FACSCelestaTM) and MFI was calculated using FlowJo software. Data were plotted as the logarithm of antibody concentration versus MFI. A four-parameter log (inhibitor) vs. response curve fit in Prism (GraphPad Software) was used to estimate IC50 values. As summarized in Table 2, all 11 sdAbs assayed inhibited binding of human IL-31 to human IL-31RA.
[0218] 5.3 Inhibition of IL-31 signaling pathway
[0219] The inhibition of native IL-31 signaling pathway by camelid sdAbs was assessed in A549 (ATCC) , a human epithelial carcinoma cell line that expresses both IL-31RA and OSMRB. The activation of IL-31 signaling pathways leads to phosphorylation of tyrosine (Y705) on signal traducer and activation of transcription 3 (STAT3) . A549 cells (400,000 cells per well) were incubated with 30 μl of various concentrations of purified antibodies for 10 minutes at 37℃. After which human IL-31 (Sino Biological) was added and following a 15-minute incubation, cells were lysed, and the phosphorylation of STAT3 was analyzed with the PathScan Phospho-Stat3 (Tyr705) Sandwich ELISA Kit (Cell Signaling Technologies) . Data were plotted as the logarithm of antibody concentration versus mean fluorescence signals. IC50 values were calculated in Prism (GraphPad Software) using a log (inhibitor) vs. response curves-variable slope (4 parameters) curve fit. A summary of the results is shown in Table 2.
[0220] Table 2. Binding of IL-31 to human and cynomolgus monkey IL-31RA, inhibition of human IL-31 binding to human IL-31RA and inhibition of IL-31-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 in A549 cell by binding molecules (camelid sdAbs and nemolizumab Fab fragment) .
[0221] Abbreviations: NC: not calculable; NemoFab: Fab fragment of Nemolizumab; hu: human; cyno: cynomolgus monkey.
[0222] Example 6: Humanization of camelid sdAbs
[0223] Humanization of camelid sdAbs isolated from clones P15R2P1-E3 and P16R2P1-E11 was executed by grafting amino acid residues corresponding to the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) in the VHH of each camelid sdAb onto a human germline framework. In short, the amino acid sequences of CDRs in the VHH from camelid sdAbs candidates were compared with human germline sequences, and the best-fit germline acceptors were selected based on homology, canonical structure, and physical properties. Subsequently, structure models of candidates were generated using homology modelling. The CDRs of candidate antibodies were fixed, and the camelid frameworks were replaced with selected human germline frameworks. Different residues between camelid and human frameworks that potentially influence CDR conformation or stability were subjected to back mutation. DNA fragments encoding the humanized variants were synthesized, subcloned into expression vectors (with or without sequences that result in fusion of VHH to an Fc region) and transfected into CHO-K1 cells for transient expression. Humanized variants of camelid sdAbs derived from clones P15R2P1-E3 and P16R2P1-E11 were generated including six humanized variants from each of these camelid sdAbs (humanized variants of camelid sdAbs derived from clone P15R2P1-E3 are referred to herein as huP15R2P1-E3-V1, huP15R2P1-E3-V2, huP15R2P1-E3-V3, huP15R2P1-E3-V4, huP15R2P1-E3-V5 and huP15R2P1-E3-V6 whereas humanized variants of camelid sdAbs derived from clone P16R2P1-E11 are referred to herein as huP16R2P1-E11-V1, huP16R2P1-E11-V2, huP16R2P1-E11-V3, huP16R2P1-E11-V4, huP16R2P1-E11-V5 and huP16R2P1-E11-V6) .
[0224] Example 7: In vitro evaluation of humanized variants (VHH)
[0225] 7.1 Inhibition of human IL-31 binding to human IL-31RA by P15R2P1-E3 and humanized variants thereof
[0226] Using the methods described above in section 5.2, humanized variants of P15R2P1-E3 were assessed for inhibition of IL-31 binding to IL-31RA in HEK293-human IL-31RA cells. Briefly, HEK293-human IL-31RA cells were incubated with serially diluted purified antibodies and 30 μl of biotin-labeled human IL-31-his (Sino Biological) for 1 hour at 4℃. Streptavidin conjugated with PE (BioLegend) was added and incubated with the cells at 4℃ for 30 minutes. PE signals of stained cells were measured by flow cytometer. Data were plotted as the logarithm of antibody concentration versus mean fluorescence signals. IC50 values were calculated in Prism (GraphPad Software) using a log (inhibitor) vs. response curves-variable slope (4 parameters) curve fit. A summary of the results is shown in Table 3.
[0227] 7.2 Inhibition of cynomolgus IL-31 signaling pathway (IL-31-dependent cell proliferation) by P15R2P1-E3 and humanized variants thereof
[0228] SdAbs P15R2P1-E3 and humanized variants thereof were assessed for inhibition of IL-31 signaling pathway in Ba / F3-cynomolgus monkey IL-31RA / OSMRB cells (Genomeditech) which grow in a cynomolgus monkey IL-31-dependent manner. Ba / F3-cynomolgus monkey IL-31RA / OSMRB cells were seeded at a density of 5,000 cells per well in a flat-bottomed 96-well plate (Greiner) and cultured in the presence or absence of 0.1 ng / mL cynomolgus monkey IL-31 (Sino Biological) . Thereafter, sdAb P15R2P1-E3 or humanized variants thereof were added to wells at a starting concentration of 100 nM in a serial dilution. After 48 hours of incubation at 37℃ with 5%CO2, 50 μL of CellTiter Luminescent Cell Viability Assay solution (Promega) was added to each well, and the plates were left at room temperature for 10 min. Luminescence was then measured using En Plate Reader (PerkinElmer) . Data were plotted as the logarithm of antibody concentration versus luminescent signals. IC50 was determined using a log (inhibitor) vs.response curves-variable slope (4 parameters) curve fit in Prism. A summary of the results is shown in Table 3. Notably, compared to sdAb P15R2P1-E3, humanized variants of P15R2P1-E3 with the exception of huP15R2P1-E3-V1 exhibited comparable inhibition of cell proliferation (reflecting inhibition of IL-31 signaling pathway) in these cells.
[0229] Table 3. Inhibition of human IL-31 binding to human IL-31RA and inhibition of IL-31-mediated cell proliferation by camelid sdAb P15R2P1-E3 and humanized variants thereof.
[0230] Abbreviations: hu: human; cyno: cynomolgus monkey.
[0231] 7.3 Inhibition of human and cynomolgus IL-31 signaling pathways (IL-31-dependent proliferation) by P16R2P1-E11 and humanized variants thereof
[0232] Using the methods described above in section 5.3 and section 7.2, the inhibition of human and cynomolgus IL-31 signaling pathways by P16R2P1-E11 and humanized variants thereof was assessed. In short, IL-31-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 was assessed in human A549 cells and IL-31-dependent cell proliferation was assessed in Ba / F3-cynomolgus monkey IL-31RA / OSMRB cells. A summary of the results is shown in Table 4. Notably, of the P16R2P1-E11 humanized variants assayed, inhibition of cynomolgus monkey IL-31 signaling was only detected with humanized variants huP16R2P1-E11-V5 and huP16R2P1-E6. Likewise, of the P16R2P1-E11 humanized variants assayed, humanized variants huP16R2P1-E11-V5 and huP16R2P1-E6 exhibited an IC50 most comparable to the parental camelid sdAb P16R2P1-E11.
[0233] Table 4. Inhibition of IL-31-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 and IL-31-dependent cell proliferation by binding molecules (camelid sdAb P16R2P1-E11 and humanized variants thereof) .
[0234] Abbreviations: NC: not calculable; hu: human; cyno: cynomolgus monkey.
[0235] Example 8: In vitro evaluation of humanized VHH-Fc antibodies
[0236] Binding molecules with divalent IL-31RA antigen-binding domain (i.e., VHH-Fc antibodies) based on the humanized VHH variants of huP15R2P1-E3-V1, huP15R2P1-E3-V2, huP16R2P1-E11V5 and P16R2P1-E11-V6 each independently fused with a Fc fragment were assessed using various assays.
[0237] 8.1 Inhibition of human IL-31 signaling pathway (IL-31-dependent cell proliferation)
[0238] Nemolizumab and VHH-Fc antibodies huP15R2P1-E3-V1-Fc, huP15R2P1-E3-V2-Fc, huP16R2P1-E11-V5-Fc and huP16R2P1-E11-V6-Fc were assessed for their ability to inhibit IL-31-dependent cell proliferation of Ba / F3-human IL-31RA / OSMRB cells. Briefly, cells were seeded at a density of 5,000 cells per well and cultured in the presence or absence of 0.1 ng / mL human IL-31 (Sino Biological) . Antibodies were added to the wells at a starting concentration of 100 nM in a serial dilution. After incubation at 37℃ with 5%CO2 for 48 hours, CellTiter Glo Assay solution (Promega) was added to each well. The luminescent signals were measured using Plate Reader (PerkinElmer) . Data were plotted as the logarithm of antibody concentration versus RLU (Luminescence) . IC50 values were determined using Prism (GraphPad Software) with a log (inhibitor) vs. response curves-variable slope (4 parameters) curve fit. Compared to nemolizumab, the VHH-Fc antibodies demonstrated equivalent to superior inhibition of IL-31-dependent cell proliferation of Ba / F3-human IL-31RA / OSMRB cells (see Figure 2) . A summary of the results is shown in Table 5.
[0239] Table 5. Inhibition of IL-31-dependent cell proliferation in Ba / F3-human IL-31RA / OSMRB cells by divalent IL-31RA antibodies.
[0240] 8.2 Inhibition of human IL-31 signaling (IL-31-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3)
[0241] Using the methods described in section 5.3 above, the effect of anti-IL-31RA antibodies (P15R2P1-E3-Fc and P16R2P1-E11-Fc as well as humanized variants thereof as compared to nemolizumab) on inhibition of IL-31 signaling was assessed by quantifying IL-31-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 in A549 cells. A summary of the results is shown in Table 6. Notably, VHH-Fc antibody huP15R2P1-E3-V2-Fc inhibited IL-31-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 with an IC50 of 0.058 nM whereas nemolizumab had an IC50 of 0.074 nM (see Figure 3) .
[0242] Table 6. Inhibition of IL-31-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 in A549 cells by antibodies
[0243] 8.3 Inhibition of IL-31-mediated production of IL-6
[0244] IL-31-mediated IL-6 production by HaCaT cells was used as a model to evaluate the functional activity of antibodies to inhibit IL-31-mediated biological activity. Briefly, HaCaT were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 100,000 cells / well in DMEM culture medium (Gibco) with 10%FBS and cultured at 37℃ with 5%CO2 overnight. The next day, antibodies at various dilution concentrations were mixed with 500 ng / mL human IL-31 (Sino Biological) and 400 ng / mL human IFN-γ (Novoprotein) . After 72 hours of incubation at 37℃ with 5%CO2, cell culture supernatant was collected, and IL-6 was detected using human IL-6 Valukine ELISA Kit (Bio-Techne) . Data were plotted as the logarithm of antibody concentration versus human IL-6 concentration (Figure 4) . IC50 values were determined using Prism (GraphPad Software) with a log(inhibitor) vs. response curves-variable slope (4 parameters) curve fit. A summary of the results is shown in Table 7.
[0245] Table 7. Inhibition of IL-31-mediated production of IL-6 in HaCaT cells by VHH-Fc antibodies
[0246] Example 9: In vivo evaluation of humanized VHH-Fc antibody
[0247] The scratching mouse model with scratching events induced by human IL-31 was used to evaluate the efficacy of an exemplary humanized antibody (huP15R2P1-E3-V2-Fc) . In brief, human-IL-31 / IL-31RA / OSMRB knock-in mice were injected with human IL-31 once every three days for a total of two injections, with antibodies administered intraperitoneally (IP) injection one day prior to each IL-31 dose. The behavior of mice was video-recorded for 1 h after each injection of human IL-31 and the number of scratching events was counted based on the video recordings. Mice were randomly grouped into 4 groups based on the scratching baseline (Figure 5A) . Notably, mice treated with anti-IL31RA antibody huP15R2P1-E3-V2-Fc exhibited fewer scratching events than those treated with anti-IL31RA antibody nemolizumab at equal-molar dose (Figure 5B) . Accordingly, compared to anti-IL-31RA monoclonal antibody nemolizumab, anti-IL-31RA antibody huP15R2P1-E3-V2-Fc suppressed scratching behavior induced by IL-31 in human-IL-31 / IL-31RA / OSMRB knock-in mice more effectively. Additionally, mice treated with anti-IL-31RA antibody huP15R2P1-E3-V2-Fc did not lose any body weight after treatment (Figure 5C) .
[0248] Example 10: Binding molecules with tetravalent IL-31RA-antigen-binding domains
[0249] Binding molecules with tetravalent IL-31RA-antigen-binding domains (referred to herein as “tetravalent antibodies” ) including E3V2-E3V2-Fc_IgG4_S228P, E3V3-E3V3-Fc_IgG4_S228P, E3V5-E3V5-Fc_IgG4_S228P, E3V6-E3V6-Fc_IgG4_S228P, E3V2-G4S-E3V2-G4S-Fc_IgG4_S228P, E3V2- (G4S) 3-E3V2-G4S-Fc_IgG4_S228P, E11V6-E11V6-Fc_IgG4_S228P, E11V6-G4S-E11V6-G4S-Fc_IgG4_S228P, E11V6- (G4S) 3-E11V6-G4S-Fc_IgG4_S228P, Hu15R2P1-E3V5-E3V5-Fc_IgG4_S228P_YTE (Mo-35) and Hu15R2P1-E3V5-E3V5-Fc_IgG1_LALA_YTE (Mo-36) were generated by expression vectors that contained nucleic acid sequences encoding polypeptide with bivalent IL-31RA-antigen-binding domains (tandemly joined by a Glycine-Serine (GS) linker, namely either GGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 136) , GGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 137) , or GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 138) ) to an Fc region. Furthermore, certain binding molecules included modifications in the Fc region (namely, (i) S228P, (ii) M252Y, S254T and T256E (collectively referred to herein as “YTE” ) and / or (iii) L234A and L235A (collectively referred to herein as “LALA” ) wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering. These binding molecules were transiently expressed in CHOK1 cells and one-step purified using protein A column. The purity of each of these binding molecules was evaluated by SDS-PAGE and HPLC-SEC. A summary of the results is shown in Table 8.
[0250] Table 8. Purity evaluated by SDS-PAGE and HPLC-SEC for tetravalent antibodies
[0251] Example 11: In vitro evaluation of tetravalent antibodies
[0252] 11.1 Inhibition of IL-31-mediated cell proliferation
[0253] Using the methods described in section 7.2 and 8.1 for assaying inhibition of IL-31-mediated cell proliferation in Ba / F3-cynomolgus monkey and human IL-31RA / OSMRB cells, respectively, exemplary tetravalent antibodies Mo-35 and Mo-36 as well as nemolizumab were assayed. A summary of the results is shown in Table 9. Notably, both tetravalent antibodies assayed were more potent than nemolizumab in inhibiting IL-31-mediated cell proliferation in Ba / F3-human IL-31RA / OSMRB cells (see Figure 6A) and comparable in inhibiting IL-31-mediated cell proliferation in Ba / F3-cynomolgus monkey IL-31RA / OSMRB cells (see Figure 6B) .
[0254] 11.2 Inhibition of IL-31-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3
[0255] Using the methods described in section 8.2, nemolizumab and exemplary tetravalent antibodies Mo-35 and Mo-36 were assessed for inhibition of IL-31-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 in A549 cells. A summary of the results is shown in Table 9. Notably, both exemplary tetravalent antibodies Mo-35 and Mo-36 inhibited IL-31-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 (specifically, with an IC50 of 0.07 and 0.06 nM, respectively, whereas nemolizumab had an IC50 of 0.10 nM (see Figure 7 and Table 9) ) .
[0256] 11.3 Inhibition of IL-31-mediated production of IL-6
[0257] Using the methods described in section 8.3, nemolizumab and exemplary tetravalent antibodies were assessed for inhibition of IL-31-mediated IL-6 production in HaCaT cells. A summary of the results is shown in Table 9. Notably, compared to nemolizumab, exemplary tetravalent antibodies Mo-35 and Mo-36 exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect with respect to inhibition of human IL-31-mediated production of IL-6 in HaCat cells (Figure 8 and Table 9) .
[0258] Table 9. Summary of IC50 values for the antibodies against IL-31 pathway
[0259] Example 12: Bispecific antibodies (IL-31RAxIL-13)
[0260] Anti-IL-31RA / anti-IL-13 bispecific antibodies (also referred to herein as “IL-31RAxIL-13” ) in both symmetric and asymmetric formats were generated. For symmetric formats, an IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain (humanized VHH) was attached to the N-terminal of either the heavy-chain or the light-chain of an anti-IL-13 antibody through a Gly-Ser peptide linker, specifically, GGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 137) . For asymmetric formats, the first arm capable of specifically binding to IL-31RA included two IL-31RA-antigen-binding domains (VHH) tandemly linked together by a Gly-Ser peptide linker, specifically, GGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 137) , and the second arm capable of specifically binding to IL-13 included either one or two IL-13-antigen-binding domain (s) . Sequences of anti-IL-31RA / anti-IL-13 bispecific antibodies are listed in Table 10. Notably, “Chain A” refers to the heavy-chain (applicable to both arms of a symmetric antibody or a single arm of an asymmetric antibody) and includes at least one IL-13-antigen binding domain therein and optionally, an IL-31RA-antigen binding domain (humanized VHH) ; “Chain B” refers to the light-chain (applicable to both arms of a symmetric antibody or a single arm of an asymmetric antibody) and includes at least one IL-13-antigen binding domain therein and optionally, an IL-31RA-antigen binding domain; and “Chain C” refers to the heavy chain of a single arm of an asymmetric antibody and includes a VHH module with at least one IL-31RA-antigen binding domain. For ease of reference, amino acid residues of the VHH module with an IL-31RA-antigen binding domain are in bold text and amino acid residues of the peptide linker are underlined.
[0261] Table 10. Sequences of anti-IL-31RA / anti-IL-13 bispecific antibodies
[0262] Example 13: In vitro evaluation of bispecific antibodies for inhibition of IL-13 signaling
[0263] 13.1 Inhibition of IL-13-mediated phosphorylation of STAT6
[0264] The inhibition of native IL-13 signaling pathway by bispecific antibodies was assessed in HEK293-human IL-4RA / IL-13RA1 reporter cells. The activation of IL-13 signaling pathways leads to phosphorylation of tyrosine (Y641) on signal traducer and activation of transcription 6 (STAT6) . Briefly, 1E04 HEK293-human IL-4RA / IL-13RA1 reporter cells / well seeded and cultured with serially diluted purified antibodies were added to a 96-well white plate in the presence of 0.07 nM human IL-13 (Sino Biological) for 7 hours at 37° in a CO2 incubator. Thereafter, 50 microliters of One-Glo Luciferase reagent (Promega) per well was added to measure luminescent signals. Data were plotted as the logarithm of antibody concentration versus luminescent signals (Figure 9) . IC50 was determined using a log (inhibitor) vs. response curves-variable slope (4 parameters) curve fit in Prism. A summary of the results is shown in Table 11. Notably, all bispecific antibodies exhibited potent inhibition of human IL-13-mediated phosphorylation of STAT6 in the reporter assay in a concentration-dependent manner with Bis-20 and lebrikizumab exhibiting comparable levels of inhibition.
[0265] 13.2 Inhibition of IL-13-mediated production of CCL26
[0266] The bispecific antibodies were further characterized in the human IL-13-mediated CCL26 production in HaCaT cells (Figure 10) . Briefly, 1E05 HaCaT cells / well were seeded and cultured with serially diluted antibodies in the presence of 100 ng / ml human IL-13 (Sino Biological) . The plates were then incubated for 72 hours at 37℃ with 5%CO2. Cell culture supernatant was collected, and CCL26 concentration was determined by an ELISA kit per manufacturer’s protocol. Data were plotted as the logarithm of antibody concentration versus luminescent signals. IC50 was determined using a log (inhibitor) vs. response curves-variable slope (4 parameters) curve fit in Prism. A summary of the results is shown in Table 11. Notably, all bispecific antibodies exhibited potent inhibition of human IL-13-mediated CCL26 production with Bis-20 exhibiting the most potent inhibition amongst the bispecific antibodies at an IC50 that was lower than that of lebrikizumab.
[0267] Table 11. Summary of inhibition of IL-13 signaling
[0268] Example 14: In vitro evaluation of bispecific antibodies for inhibition of IL-31 signaling
[0269] Bispecific molecules as well as nemolizumab were evaluated for inhibition of human and cynomolgus IL-31 signaling by assessing IL-31-mediated cell proliferation in Ba / F3-human or cynomolgus monkey IL-31RA / OSMRB cells. Generally, the cells were prepared at 5,000 cells per well in the presence of 0.1 ng / mL human or cynomolgus monkey IL-31 (Sino Biological) . Antibodies were gradient diluted at a starting concentration of 25 nM and added to the wells. After incubation at 37℃ with 5%CO2 for 48 hours, 25 μL of CellTiter Glo assay solution was added to each well, and luminescence was measured using En Plate Reader. Data in Ba / F3-human and cynomolgus monkey IL-31RA / OSMRB cells were plotted as the logarithm of antibody concentration versus Luminescence (Figure 11A and Figure 11B, respectively) . IC50 values were determined using a log (inhibitor) vs. response curves-Variable slope (4 parameters) curve fit in Prism. A summary of the results is shown in Table 12. Notably, all the bispecific antibodies exhibited inhibition of IL-31-dependent cell proliferation in both human and monkey IL-31RA / OSMRB cells at a level that was comparable to that of nemolizumab.
[0270] Table 12. Summary of inhibition of IL-31 signaling
[0271] Abbreviations: hu: human; cyno: cynomolgus monkey.
[0272] Example 15: FcRn binding affinities of bispecific antibodies
[0273] Bio-Layer Interferometry (BLI) , as measured with the instrument, was employed to assess the binding between human FcRn and bispecific antibodies (Bis-20, Bis-24, Bis-26, Bis-28, Bis-29, Bis-31) . Prior to the loading step, both the biotinylated human FcRn (Acro) and bispecific antibodies were appropriately diluted in running buffer (PBST, pH 6.0) . The biotinylated human FcRn at a concentration of 10 μg / mL was immobilized onto SA Biosensors (Sartorius) . During the analysis step, assayed bispecific antibodies were prepared in the running buffer at a concentration of 100 nM. The association and dissociation times were each set at 30 seconds. A summary of the affinities of bispecific antibodies with biotinylated human FcRn is shown in Table 13. Notably, Bis-24, Bis-26 and Bis-29 exhibited stronger affinity for FcRn than Bis-20, Bis-28 and Bis-31.
[0274] Table 13. Summary of FcRn binding affinities
[0275] Abbreviations: KD: equilibrium dissociation constant; Kon: association rate constant; Koff: dissociation rate constant) ; R2: Pearson correlation coefficient (R) squared (R2)
[0276] Example 16: Evaluation of ADCC activities of bispecific antibodies with Fc variants
[0277] Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of bispecific antibodies (Bis-20, Bis-24, Bis-26, Bis-28, Bis-29, Bis-31, and Bis-32) having different Fc variants were evaluated. In brief, HEK293-human IL-31RA cells were seeded at a density of 20,000 cells per well in 96-well plates, then bispecific antibodies were added to wells at various dilution concentrations. Thereafter, 25 μl ADCC / NFAT-reporter-Jurkat cells were added to each well at 80,000 cells per well and the plates incubated at 37° in a CO2 incubator for 5 hours. Subsequently, 50 microliters of One-Glo Luciferase reagent (Promega) per well was added to measure luminescent signals. Data Analysis: Nonlinear regression analysis was performed by Prism (GraphPad Software) and dose response curves were generated (Figure 12) . Notably, ADCC activity was only exhibited in Bis-032 (having IgG1 Fc without any mutation) and in Bis-031 (having IgG1 Fc with L234A / L235A mutation) at higher antibody concentrations whereas no ADCC activity was exhibited by the other bispecific antibodies.
[0278] Example 17: Evaluation of bispecific antibodies on IL-13 signaling
[0279] 17.1 Inhibition of human IL-13-mediated phosphorylation of STAT6
[0280] Using the methods described in section 13.1 above, bispecific antibodies Bis-24 and Bis-29 were assessed in the human IL-13-mediated STAT6 signaling reporter assay. As reflected in Figure 13, Bis-24 and Bis-29 both exhibited similar inhibition of IL-13-mediated phosphorylation of STAT6 signaling as compared to lebrikizumab whereas tralokinumab was far less potent.
[0281] 17.2 Inhibition of human and cynomolgus monkey IL-13-mediated cell proliferation
[0282] Bispecific antibodies Bis-24 and Bis-29 were assessed in human and cynomolgus monkey IL-13-mediated-TF-1 cell proliferation. Briefly, 1E04 TF-1 cells / well and serially diluted antibodies were added into a 96-well white plate in the presence of human IL-13 (final conc: 1.04 nM, Sino Biological) or cynomolgus monkey IL-13 (final conc: 3.12 nM, Sino Biological) for human and cynomolgus monkey cells, respectively. After incubation for 72 hours at 37°, CTG (Promega) was added to the wells to capture the luminescence using Envision. Notably, in contrast to tralokinumab which was far less potent, both Bis-24 and Bis-29 exhibited comparable potency as lebrikizumab in inhibiting the human or cynomolgus monkey IL-13-mediated TF-1 cell proliferation (see Figure 14A and Figure 14B, respectively) .
[0283] 17.3 Inhibition of IL-13-mediated CCL26 production
[0284] Using the methods described in section 13.2 above, bispecific antibodies Bis-24 and Bis-29 were further characterized using the human IL-13-mediated CCL26 production assay in HaCaT cells. As reflected in Figure 15, both Bis-24 and Bis-29 had comparable inhibition of IL-13-mediated CCL26 production in HaCaT cells as lebrikizumab.
[0285] 17.4 Inhibition of IL-13-mediated CCL17 production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)
[0286] To confirm the antagonistic activity of bispecific antibodies Bis-24 and Bis-29 in primary cells, human PBMCs obtained from two healthy donors were used to evaluate the ability of these antibodies to inhibit human IL-13-mediated CCL17 production. For each donor, human PBMCs cells (4E05 / well) and serially diluted antibodies were added to a U-bottom 96-well plate in the presence of 40 ng / ml human IL-13 (Sino Biological) for 72 hours. A human CCL17 ELISA Kit was used to analyze CCL17 production quantitatively. Both bispecific antibodies Bis-24 and Bis-29 exhibited comparable potency as lebrikizumab in inhibiting human IL-13-mediated CCL17 production in PBMCs from a first and second donor (see Figure 16A and Figure 16B, respectively) .
[0287] Example 18: Evaluation of bispecific antibodies on IL-31 signaling
[0288] 18.1 Inhibition of human IL-31 binding to human IL-31RA
[0289] Using the methods described in section 5.2 above, inhibition of bispecific antibodies (Bis-24 or Bis-29) as compared to nemolizumab on human IL-31 binding to human IL-31RA was assessed in HEK293-human IL-31RA cells. As reflected in Figure 17, both bispecific antibodies exhibited comparable inhibition to nemolizumab.
[0290] 18.2 Inhibition of IL-31-mediated cell proliferation
[0291] Using the methods described in sections 7.2 and 8.1 above, inhibition of bispecific antibodies (Bis-24 or Bis-29) as compared to nemolizumab on IL-31-mediated cell proliferation of Ba / F3-human or cynomolgus monkey IL-31RA / OSMRB cells was assessed. Notably, both bispecific antibodies Bis-24 and Bis-29 exhibited comparable potency to nemolizumab in inhibiting human IL-31-mediated cell proliferation of Ba / F3-human IL-31RA / OSMRB cells (see Figure 18A) whereas nemolizumab was slightly more potent than these bispecific antibodies in inhibiting IL-31-mediated cell proliferation of Ba / F3-cynomolgus monkey IL-31RA / OSMRB cells (see Figure 18B) .
[0292] 18.3 Inhibition of IL-31-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3
[0293] Using the methods described in section 5.3 above, inhibition of bispecific antibodies (Bis-24 or Bis-29) as compared to nemolizumab on IL-31 signaling was assessed by quantifying IL-31-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 in A549 cells. As reflected in Figure 19, both bispecific antibodies Bis-24 and Bis-29 exhibited comparable potency to nemolizumab in inhibiting IL-31-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 in A549 cells.
[0294] 18.4 Inhibition of IL-31-mediated production of IL-6
[0295] Using the methods described in section 8.3 above, inhibition of bispecific antibodies (Bis-24 or Bis-29) as compared to nemolizumab on IL-31-mediated IL-6 production in HaCaT cells was assessed to evaluate the functional activity of antibodies to block IL-31-mediated biological activity. As reflected in Figure 20, both bispecific antibodies Bis-24 and Bis-29 exhibited comparable potency to nemolizumab in inhibiting IL-31-mediated IL-6 production in HaCaT cells.
[0296] All references mentioned in the present invention are incorporated herein by reference, as each of them is individually cited herein by reference. Further, it is understood that, after reading the above contents, a skilled person in the art can make various modifications or amendments to the present invention. All these equivalents also fall into the scope defined by the pending claims of the subject application.
[0297] A summary of sequences is shown in Table 14.
[0298] Table 14. TABLE OF SEQUENCES
Claims
1.A binding molecule comprising at least one interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha-antigen-binding domain (IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain) wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises:(i) a first complementarity-determining region (CDR1) wherein the CDRl comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; a second complementarity-determining region (CDR2) wherein the CDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 3; and a third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) wherein the CDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 5; or(ii) an amino acid sequence having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152.2.The binding molecule of claim 1, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises (i) and said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain further comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152.3.The binding molecule of claim 1, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises (ii) and said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 97%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 98%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152.4.The binding molecule of claim 1, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises (ii) and said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 139-152.5.The binding molecule of claim 1, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises (i) and said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises:(a) the CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and the CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4; or(b) the CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 and the CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.6.The binding molecule of claim 1, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises (ii) and said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises:(a) an amino acid sequence having at least 90%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142; or(b) an amino acid sequence having at least 90%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148.7.The binding molecule of claim 1, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises (ii) and said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises:(a) an amino acid sequence having at least 97%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142; or(b) an amino acid sequence having at least 97%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148.8.The binding molecule of claim 1, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises (ii) and said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises:(a) an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142; or(b) an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148.9.The binding molecule of claim 1, wherein the binding molecule comprises two IL-31RA-antigen-binding domains.10.The binding molecule of claim 1, wherein the binding molecule comprises four IL-31RA-antigen-binding domains.11.The binding molecule of claim 1, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain is a VHH.12.The binding molecule of claim 1, wherein the binding molecule is a single-domain antibody.13.The binding molecule of claim 1, further comprising an immunoglobulin fragment crystallizable region (Fc region) ; optionally, wherein the Fc region is derived from human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4; and wherein the Fc region is derived from human IgG1 and optionally comprises one or more modifications selected from L234A, L235A, M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering; and wherein the Fc region is derived from human IgG2 and optionally comprises one or more modifications selected from M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering; and wherein the Fc region is derived from human IgG4 and optionally comprises one or more modifications selected from S228P, M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering.14.The binding molecule of claim 1, wherein said at least one IL-31RA-antigen-binding domain comprises (i) and the binding molecule further comprises two frame regions (FR2 and FR3) wherein the order of CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, FR2, and FR3 is CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3; optionally, wherein the binding molecule further comprises at least one additional frame region selected from (FR1) and (FR4) , and wherein the order of CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, FR2, FR3, and said at least one additional frame region is selected from FR1-CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3, CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3-FR4, and FR1-CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3-FR4.15.The binding molecule of claim 1, wherein the binding molecule is a single-chain variable fragment.16.The binding molecule of claim 1, wherein the binding molecule is an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.17.The binding molecule of claim 1, further comprising at least one interleukin-13-antigen-binding domain (IL-13-antigen-binding domain) wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises a first variable region (V1) wherein the V1 comprises:(i) a V1 CDRl comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 98; a V1 CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 99; and a V1 CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 100; or(ii) an amino acid sequence having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153;and optionally, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain further comprises a second variable region (V2) wherein the V2 comprises:(a) a V2 CDRl comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 101; a V2 CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 102; and a V2 CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 103; or(b) an amino acid sequence having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105; optionally, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105.18.The binding molecule of claim 17, wherein the V1 comprises (i) and the V1 further comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153; optionally, wherein the V1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153.19.The binding molecule of claim 17, wherein the V1 comprises (ii) and the V1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 97%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153; optionally, wherein the V1 comprises an amino acid sequence having 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153.20.The binding molecule of claim 17, wherein the V1 comprises (ii) and the V1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153; optionally, wherein the V1 comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 153.21.The binding molecule of claim 17, further comprising an immunoglobulin fragment crystallizable region (Fc region) ; optionally, wherein the Fc region is derived from human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4; and wherein the Fc region is derived from human IgG1 and optionally comprises one or more modifications selected from L234A, L235A, M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering; and wherein the Fc region is derived from human IgG2 and optionally comprises one or more modifications selected from M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering; and wherein the Fc region is derived from human IgG4 and optionally comprises one or more modifications selected from S228P, M252Y, S254T and T256E wherein the numbering is according to EU numbering.22.The binding molecule of claim 17, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises the V2 and the V2 comprises (a) , optionally, wherein the V2 further comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105; optionally, wherein the V2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105.23.The binding molecule of claim 17, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises the V2 and the V2 comprises (b) , optionally, wherein the V2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 97%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105; optionally, wherein the V2 comprises an amino acid sequence having 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105.24.The binding molecule of claim 17, wherein said at least one IL-13-antigen-binding domain comprises the V2 and the V2 comprises (b) and the V2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 99%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105; optionally, wherein the V2 comprises an amino acid sequence having 100%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105.25.The binding molecule of claim 17, wherein the binding molecule is a single-chain variable fragment.26.The binding molecule of claim 17, wherein the binding molecule is an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.27.An isolated nucleic acid encoding the binding molecule of claim 1.28.An expression vector comprising the isolated nucleic acid of claim 27.29.A host cell comprising the expression vector of claim 28.30.A method of producing a binding molecule comprising culturing the host cell of claim 29 under conditions such that the binding molecule is produced; and optionally isolating the binding molecule produced.31.A binding molecule produced by the method of claim 30.32.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the binding molecule of claim 1.33.A method of treating a subject who has an IL-31-mediated disorder comprising administering an effective amount of the binding molecule of claim 1 to said subject; optionally, wherein the IL-31-mediated disorder is atopic dermatitis, prurigo nodularis, asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) , eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) , pruritus, chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) , allergy, urticaria, asthma, chronic kidney disease-associated pruritis, mastocytosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic sclerosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pemphigus-related itch, vitiligo, alopecia areata, acne rosacea, acne vulgaris, or rheumatism.34.The binding molecule of claim 1, for use in treatment of an IL-31-mediated disorder.35.A use of the binding molecule of claim 1, for preparation of a medicament for treating an IL-31-mediated disorder.36.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the binding molecule of claim 17.37.A method of treating a subject who has at least one disorder selected from an IL-31-mediated disorder and an IL-13-mediated disorder comprising administering an effective amount of the binding molecule of claim 17 to said subject; optionally, wherein the disorder is atopic dermatitis, prurigo nodularis, asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) , eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) , pruritus, chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) , allergy, urticaria, asthma, chronic kidney disease-associated pruritis, mastocytosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic sclerosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pemphigus-related itch, vitiligo, alopecia areata, acne rosacea, acne vulgaris, or rheumatism.38.The binding molecule of claim 17, for use in treatment of at least one disorder selected from an IL-31-mediated disorder and an IL-13-mediated disorder.39.A use of the binding molecule of claim 17, for preparation of a medicament for treating at least one disorder selected from an IL-31-mediated disorder and an IL-13-mediated disorder.
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