Designs of physical-layer parameters and pilot tones for interference mitigation in wireless communications
By incorporating zero-energy IM pilot tones in PPDU designs for Wi-Fi systems, the solution addresses the lack of interference mitigation in IEEE 802.11 standards, enhancing system performance and reliability through effective interference estimation and reduction.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK INC
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-11
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication technologies lack specific designs for physical-layer parameters and pilot tones to effectively mitigate interference, particularly in Wi-Fi systems adhering to IEEE 802.11 standards, which is crucial for achieving ultra-high reliability.
Implementing zero-energy interference mitigation (IM) pilot tones within physical-layer protocol data units (PPDUs) for single-user transmissions, using predefined locations and numbers to facilitate advanced receiver algorithms for interference reduction, while reusing existing PHY parameters and maintaining full bandwidth transmissions.
Enhances interference mitigation capabilities, reducing peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and improving system performance by enabling effective interference estimation and mitigation in wireless communications.
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Figure CN2025140302_11062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DESIGNS OF PHYSICAL-LAYER PARAMETERS AND PILOT TONES FOR INTERFERENCE MITIGATION IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONSCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION (S)
[0001] The present disclosure is part of a non-provisional patent application claiming the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 63 / 728,846, 63 / 730,469, 63 / 734,797, 63 / 736,711 and 63 / 757,896, filed 06 December 2024, 11 December 2024, 17 December 2024, 20 December 2024 and 13 February 2025, respectively, the contents of which herein being incorporated by reference in their entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure is generally related to wireless communications and, more particularly, to designs of physical-layer (PHY) parameters and pilot tones for interference mitigation in wireless communications.BACKGROUND
[0003] Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
[0004] In wireless communications, such as Wi-Fi (or WiFi) in wireless local area network (WLAN) systems in accordance with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards, one key objective of next-generation Wi-Fi pertains to achieving ultra-high reliability. One approach involves inserting dedicated interference mitigation (IM) pilots to enable a receiver (Rx) to apply advanced Rx algorithm (s) to mitigate interference. However, at the time of the present disclosure, details on the designs of PHY parameters and pilot tones for interference mitigation have not yet been specified. Therefore, there is a need for a solution of designs of PHY parameters and pilot tones for interference mitigation in wireless communications.SUMMARY
[0005] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0006] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide schemes, concepts, designs, techniques, methods and apparatuses pertaining to designs of PHY parameters and pilot tones for interference mitigation in wireless communications. It is believed that implementations of various schemes proposed herein may address or otherwise alleviate the aforementioned issues. For instance, implementations of various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be utilized to insert IM pilot tones in wireless communications to mitigate interference and reduce peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) .
[0007] In one aspect, a method may involve an apparatus performing a wireless communication by: (a) generating a physical-layer protocol data unit (PPDU) ; and (b) applying IM in transmitting the PPDU. In generating the PPDU, the apparatus generates data tones of the PPDU comprising IM data tones and IM pilot tones to enable a receiver (Rx) to apply a Rx algorithm to mitigate interference. In applying the IM, the method may involve the apparatus applying the IM in a single-user (SU) transmission, which is a non-punctured or full bandwidth transmission, in one spatial stream (1ss) or up to two spatial streams (2ss) . In generating the IM pilot tones, the method may involve the apparatus generating zero-energy IM pilot tones such that a pilot value of each of the IM pilot tones is 0.
[0008] In another aspect, an apparatus may include a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly and a processor coupled to the transceiver. The processor may perform a wireless communication by: (a) generating a PPDU; and (b) applying IM in transmitting the PPDU. In generating the PPDU, the apparatus generates data tones of the PPDU comprising IM data tones and IM pilot tones to enable a Rx to apply a Rx algorithm to mitigate interference. In applying the IM, the processor may apply the IM in a SU transmission, which is a non-punctured or full bandwidth transmission, in 1ss or up to 2ss. In generating the IM pilot tones, the processor may generate zero-energy IM pilot tones such that a pilot value of each of the IM pilot tones is 0.
[0009] It is noteworthy that, although description provided herein may be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, Wi-Fi, the proposed concepts, schemes and any variation (s) / derivative (s) thereof may be implemented in, for and by other types of radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, for example and without limitation, Bluetooth, ZigBee, 5th Generation (5G) / New Radio (NR) , Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, Internet-of-Things (IoT) , Industrial IoT (IIoT) and narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) . Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the examples described herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0011] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example network environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0012] FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 4 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 5 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 6 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 7 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 8 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 9 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 10 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 11 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 12 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 13 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 14 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 15 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 16 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 17 is a block diagram of an example communication system in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 18 is a flowchart of an example process in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0029] Detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matters are disclosed herein. However, it shall be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative of the claimed subject matters which may be embodied in various forms. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that description of the present disclosure is thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the description below, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations. Overview
[0030] Implementations in accordance with the present disclosure relate to various techniques, methods, schemes and / or solutions pertaining to designs of PHY parameters and pilot tones for interference mitigation in wireless communications. According to the present disclosure, a number of possible solutions may be implemented separately or jointly. That is, although these possible solutions may be described below separately, two or more of these possible solutions may be implemented in one combination or another.
[0031] FIG. 1 illustrates an example network environment 100 in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented. FIG. 2 ~ FIG. 18 illustrate examples of implementation of various proposed schemes in network environment 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The following description of various proposed schemes is provided with reference to FIG. 1 ~ FIG. 18.
[0032] Referring to FIG. 1, network environment 100 may involve at least a station (STA) 110 communicating wirelessly with a STA 120. Either of STA 110 and STA 120 may function as an access point (AP) STA or, alternatively, a non-AP STA. In some cases, STA 110 and STA 120 may be associated with a basic service set (BSS) in accordance with one or more IEEE 802.11 standards (e.g., IEEE 802.11bn and future-developed standards) . Each of STA 110 and STA 120 may be configured to communicate with each other by utilizing the designs of PHY parameters and pilot tones for interference mitigation to improve system performance in accordance with various proposed schemes described below. It is noteworthy that, while the various proposed schemes may be individually or separately described below, in actual implementations some or all of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented jointly. Of course, each of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented individually or separately.
[0033] Under various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure, there are a plethora of considerations in the design of pilot tones for interference mitigation. For instance, to simplify the design for IM, IM may be only applied for single-user (SU) transmissions and for non-punctured full-bandwidth transmissions, and IM may be used for one spatial stream (1ss) or up to two spatial streams (2ss) . With respect to encoding, there may be limited low-density parity-check (LDPC) only for IM. Also, there may be a fixed number of IM pilot tones for each bandwidth. Moreover, the existing normal pilot tones (e.g., those used for carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation and tracking, and so on) may be kept unchanged. Under the proposed schemes, the total number of data tones may be assumed to be Nsd for a given bandwidth or resource unit (RU) , and Nsd may include both IM pilot tones and IM data tones. That is, Nsd = Nsd_IM + Npilot_IM, then Nst = Nsd +Nsp = Nsd_IM + Npilot_IM + Nsp, where Nsd_IM denotes number of IM data tones when IM is applied, Npilot_IM (herein interchangeably denoted as “Nsp_IM” ) denotes the number of IM pilot tones, Nsp denotes the number of the normal pilot tones for CFO estimation and tracking. Under the proposed schemes, some PHY parameters may be redefined with Nsd_IM and Npilot_IM, so as to allow interference mitigating PHY designs to reuse existing PHY parameters as much as possible. For instance, Nsd_IM may be defined with a multiple of an existing RU’s Nsd.
[0034] Under the proposed schemes, part of the tones in Nsd may be used for IM pilots, and the number of tones carrying data information in each orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol for IM may become Nsd_IM = Nsd -Npilot_IM. Some PHY parameters and encoding processing may be associated with the actual number of tones for data transmission (i.e., Nsd_IM) , including: Nsd, short parameter of IM data tones (Nsd_IM_short) , number of coded bits per symbol for IM (Ncbps_IM) , number of data bits per symbol for IM (Ndbps_IM) , segment parser, calculation and processing for pre-forward error correction (pre-FEC) and post-forward error correction (post-FEC) padding, number of symbols (Nsym) , extra LDPC symbol segment, data rate, and so on. To achieve better estimation of interference channel or interference covariance matrix, the number of IM pilot tones may be required with 5%~ 20%of Nsd.
[0035] Under the proposed schemes, in order for the IM design to be based on existing PHY as much as possible, the Nsd_IM may be a multiple of existing RU’s Nsd. For instance, Nsd_IM for a 20MHz PHY protocol data unit (PPDU) may be Nsd_IM = 24 *8, using a 26-tone RU (RU26) as the base for all PHY parameter calculation and definition, such as Nsd_IM_short, Ncbps_IM, Ndbps_IM, and so on, which may be derived from RU26 corresponding parameters. Moreover, Nsd_IM for a 40MHz PPDU may be Nsd_IM = 48 *8, using a 52-tone RU (RU52) as the base for all PHY parameter calculation and definition, such as Nsd_IM_short, Ncbps_IM, Ndbps_IM, and so on, which may be derived from RU52 corresponding parameters. Furthermore, Nsd_IM for an 80MHz PPDU may be Nsd_IM =102 *8, using a 106-tone RU (RU106) as the base for all PHY parameter calculation and definition, such as Nsd_IM_short, Ncbps_IM, Ndbps_IM, and so on, which may be derived from RU106 corresponding parameters.
[0036] Under the proposed schemes, Nsd_IM_short for each bandwidth may be derived from a corresponding RU’s reduced number of data tones (Nsd_short) . For instance, Nsd_IM_short for a 20MHz PPDU may be calculated from RU26’s Nsd_short. Likewise, Nsd_IM_short for a 40MHz PPDU may be calculated from RU52’s Nsd_short, and so on and so forth. Moreover, similar as Nsd_IM_short calculation, the parameters Nsd_IM, Ncbps_IM, Ndbps_IM and data rate for IM may also be calculated from the corresponding RU’s . For instance, for a 20MHz IM PPDU, the Nsd_IM, Ncbps_IM, Ndbps_IM and data rate for IM may be derived from RU26’s Nsd, Ncbps, Ndbps and data rate (e.g., Nsd_IM = 8*24; Ncbps_IM = 8*Ncbps of RU26 for each modulation and coding scheme (MCS) ; Ndbps_IM = 8*Ndbps of RU26 for each MCS; and data rate of IM = 8*data rate of RU26 for each MCS) , and the same principle may be applied to PPDUs of different bandwidths.
[0037] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, an IM operation may be applied on non-punctured full-bandwidth PPDUs. The PPDUs may be, for example, Ultra-High-Reliable (UHR) PPDUs in accordance with the IEEE 802.11bn (Wi-Fi 8) specification. For instance, IM may be applied on a 242-tone resource unit (RU242) for a 20MHz bandwidth; IM may be applied on a 484-tone resource unit (RU484) for a 40MHz bandwidth; IM may be applied on a 996-tone resource unit (RU996) for an 80MHz bandwidth; IM may be applied on a multi-resource unit of 2x996 tones (MRU2x996) for a 160MHz bandwidth; and IM may be applied on a MRU of 4x996 tones (MRU4x996) for a 320MHz bandwidth. Alternatively, IM may be applied on a continuous MRU3x996. Under another proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, IM may be supported or otherwise applied for both bull bandwidth and larger MRU.
[0038] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, IM pilot tone locations may be predefined to make the IM pilot tone separation being 8 or 9 or 10 tones. For IM pilot separation with 8 tones, there may be 29 or 30 tones for a 20MHz bandwidth; there may be 58 or 60 tones for a 40MHz bandwidth; there may be 122 or 123 tones for an 80MHz bandwidth; there may be 2 *122 (or 2 *123) tones for a 160MHz bandwidth; and there may be 4 *122 (or 4 *123) tones for a 320MHz bandwidth. For IM pilot separation with 9 tones, there may be 26 tones for a 20MHz bandwidth; there may be 52 tones for a 40MHz bandwidth; there may be 108 (or 109) tones for an 80MHz bandwidth; there may be 2 *108 (or 2 *109) tones for a 160MHz bandwidth; and there may be 4 *108 (or 4 *109) tones for a 320MHz bandwidth. For IM pilot separation with 10 tones, there may be 23 or 24 tones for a 20MHz bandwidth; there may be 46 or 47 tones for a 40MHz bandwidth; there may be 98 tones for an 80MHz bandwidth; there may be 2 *98 tones for a 160MHz bandwidth; there may be 4 *98 tones for a 320MHz bandwidth; and there may be 3 *98 tones for MRU3x996.
[0039] FIG. 2 illustrates an example design 200 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 200 may pertain to components of an apparatus (e.g., STA 110 and / or STA 120) for IM PPDU transmissions. Referring to FIG. 2, design 200 may involve an encoding function or circuit, a modulation function or circuit, a LDPC tone mapper, and a spatial / frequency mapping function or circuit. With an incoming stream of bits to be encoded and modulated into tones for transmission, the parameter Nsd_IM_short may be utilized to produce a total number of data tones (Nsd) , including IM data tones (Nsd_IM) and IM pilot tones (Nsp_IM) . The Nsd tones may then be tone mapped by the LDPC tone mapper, with a tone mapping distance of Dtm (which is a tone separate distance between two adjacent IM pilot tones) , before being mapped, along with regular / existing pilot tones, by the spatial / frequency mapping function / circuit. The LDPC tone mapper may output an IM pilot tone sequence which may be arranged in one of different ways to achieve PAPR reduction. This may be achieved with, for example, Dtm = 10 for a full transmission bandwidth of 80MHz, 160MHz or 320MHz. Under the proposed scheme, the IM operation may be applied for non-punctured or full bandwidth PPDUs and for SU transmissions only. Moreover, IM may only be applied for 1ss or up to 2ss. Under the proposed schemes, the IM pilot tones may be zero-energy (ZE) IM pilot tones, such that the pilot value of each IM pilot tone may be 0. Advantageously, zero-energy IM pilot tones do not rely on estimated channel to reproduce the pilot signals for interference estimation. Alternatively, the IM pilot tones may be non-zero-energy (NZE) IM pilot tones, and may have a constant value.
[0040] FIG. 3 illustrates an example scenario 300 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 300 may pertain to pilot tone designs for interference mitigation for a transmission bandwidth of 80MHz. Under the proposed scheme, the LDPC tone mapper may be tone mapping with Dtm = 10. In a first option, the total number of IM pilot tones Nsp_IM = 98 (=Nsd *1 / 10 = Nsd *2 / Dtm) , Nsd_IM = Nsd -Npilot_IM. In a second option, the total number of IM pilot tones Nsp_IM = 104, Nsd_IM = Nsd -Npilot_IM. Part (A) of FIG. 3 shows an example in which IM pilot tones may be first, followed by IM data tones. Part (B) of FIG. 3 shows an example in which IM data tones may be first, followed by IM pilot tones.
[0041] FIG. 4 illustrates an example scenario 400 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 400 may pertain to pilot tone designs for interference mitigation for a transmission bandwidth of 160MHz. Under the proposed scheme, the LDPC tone mapper may be tone mapping with Dtm = 10. The total number of IM pilot tones may be Nsp_IM = 2 *98 = 196 (or 2 *104 = 208) , Nsd_IM = Nsd -Npilot_IM. In scenario 400, IM pilot tones may be first, followed by IM data tones. Each 80MHz segment may be parsed by the segment parser with 98 (or 104) IM pilot tones.
[0042] FIG. 5 illustrates an example scenario 500 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 500 may pertain to pilot tone designs for interference mitigation for a transmission bandwidth of 160MHz. Under the proposed scheme, the LDPC tone mapper may be tone mapping with Dtm = 10. The total number of IM pilot tones Nsp_IM = 2 *98 = 196 (or 2 *104 = 208) , Nsd_IM = Nsd -Npilot_IM. In scenario 500, IM data tones may be first, followed by IM pilot tones. Each 80MHz segment may be parsed by the segment parser with 98 (or 104) IM pilot tones.
[0043] FIG. 6 illustrates an example scenario 600 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 600 may pertain to pilot tone designs for interference mitigation for a transmission bandwidth of 320MHz. Under the proposed scheme, the LDPC tone mapper may be tone mapping with Dtm = 10. The total number of IM pilot tones may be Nsp_IM = 4 *98 = 392 (or 4 *104 = 416) , Nsd_IM = Nsd -Npilot_IM. In scenario 600, IM pilot tones may be first, followed by IM data tones. Each 80MHz segment may be parsed by the segment parser with 98 (or 104) IM pilot tones.
[0044] FIG. 7 illustrates an example scenario 700 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 700 may pertain to pilot tone designs for interference mitigation for a transmission bandwidth of 320MHz. Under the proposed scheme, the LDPC tone mapper may be tone mapping with Dtm = 10. The total number of IM pilot tones may be Nsp_IM = 4 *98 = 392 (or 4 *104 = 416) , Nsd_IM = Nsd -Npilot_IM. In scenario 700, IM data tones may be first, followed by IM pilot tones. Each 80MHz segment may be parsed by the segment parser with 98 (or 104) IM pilot tones.
[0045] FIG. 8 illustrates an example scenario 800 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 800 may pertain to pilot tone designs for interference mitigation for a full-bandwidth transmission over a transmission bandwidth of 320MHz. Under the proposed scheme, the LDPC tone mapper may be tone mapping with Dtm = 10. The total number of IM pilot tones may be Nsp_IM = 3 *98 = 294 (or 3 *104 = 312) , Nsd_IM = Nsd -Npilot_IM. In scenario 800, IM pilot tones may be first, followed by IM data tones. Each 80MHz segment may be parsed by the segment parser with 98 (or 104) IM pilot tones.
[0046] FIG. 9 illustrates an example scenario 900 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 900 may pertain to pilot tone designs for interference mitigation for a full-bandwidth transmission over a multi-resource unit (MRU) of 3x996 tones (MRU3x996) . Under the proposed scheme, the LDPC tone mapper may be tone mapping with Dtm = 10. The total number of IM pilot tones may be Nsp_IM = 3 *98 = 294 (or 3 *104 = 312) , Nsd_IM = Nsd -Npilot_IM. In scenario 900, the total IM data tones and total pilot tones may be split into six parts. Moreover, IM data tones may be first, followed by IM pilot tones. Each 80MHz segment may be parsed by the segment parser with 98 (or 104) IM pilot tones.
[0047] FIG. 10 illustrates an example scenario 1000 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 1000 may pertain to pilot tone designs for interference mitigation for a transmission bandwidth of 20MHz. Under the proposed scheme, the LDPC tone mapper may be tone mapping with Dtm = 9. The total number of IM pilot tones Nsp_IM = 26 (= Nsd *1 / Dtm) , the total number of IM data tones Nsd_IM = 208, and the total number of data-carrying tones Nsd = 234. Part (A) of FIG. 10 shows an example in which IM pilot tones may be first, followed by IM data tones. Part (B) of FIG. 10 shows an example in which IM data tones may be first, followed by IM pilot tones.
[0048] FIG. 11 illustrates an example scenario 1100 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 1100 may pertain to pilot tone designs for interference mitigation for a transmission bandwidth of 40MHz. Under the proposed scheme, the LDPC tone mapper may be tone mapping with Dtm = 9. The total number of IM pilot tones Nsp_IM = 52 (= Nsd *1 / Dtm) , the total number of IM data tones Nsd_IM = 416, and the total number of data-carrying tones Nsd = 468. Part (A) of FIG. 11 shows an example in which IM pilot tones may be first, followed by IM data tones. Part (B) of FIG. 11 shows an example in which IM data tones may be first, followed by IM pilot tones.
[0049] FIG. 12 illustrates an example scenario 1200 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 1200 may pertain to pilot tone designs for interference mitigation for transmission over a 20MHz bandwidth or a 242-tone regular resource unit (RRU242) . Under the proposed scheme, the LDPC tone mapper may be tone mapping with Dtm = 9 (e.g., reusing existing Dtm for RU242) . The total number of IM pilot tones Nsp_IM = 26, the total number of IM data tones Nsd_IM = 208, and the total number of data-carrying tones Nsd = 234. Referring to FIG. 12, data of the PPDU may be split into two parts (IM data part 1 and IM data part 2) , with IM pilot tones inserted between these two parts of data tones. Accordingly, the IM pilot tones may be symmetric about a center direct-current (DC) tone. Under the proposed scheme, the IM pilot tone indexes or indices may be: {-118 -108 -99 -89 -80 -71 -62 -53 -43 -34 -25 -15 -6 6 15 25 34 43 53 62 71 80 89 99 108 118} .
[0050] FIG. 13 illustrates an example scenario 1300 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 1300 may pertain to pilot tone designs for interference mitigation for transmission over a 40MHz bandwidth or a 484-tone regular resource unit (RRU484) . Under the proposed scheme, the LDPC tone mapper may be tone mapping with Dtm = 9 (e.g., newly defined Dtm when IM is used for RU484) . The total number of IM pilot tones Nsp_IM = 52, the total number of IM data tones Nsd_IM = 416, and the total number of data-carrying tones Nsd = 468. Referring to FIG. 13, data of the PPDU may be split into two parts (IM data part 1 and IM data part 2) , with IM pilot tones inserted between these two parts of data tones. Accordingly, the IM pilot tones may be symmetric about a center DC tone. Under the proposed scheme, the IM pilot tone indexes or indices may be: {-240 -230 -221 -211 -202 -193 -184 -175 -165 -156 -147 -137 -128 -119 -110 -100 -91 -82 -72 -63 -54 -45 -35 -26 -17 -7 7 17 26 35 45 54 63 72 82 91 100 110 119 128 137 147 156 165 175 184 193 202 211 221 230 240} .
[0051] FIG. 14 illustrates an example scenario 1400 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 1400 may pertain to pilot tone designs for interference mitigation for transmission over an 80MHz bandwidth or a 996-tone regular resource unit (RRU996) . Under the proposed scheme, the LDPC tone mapper may be tone mapping with Dtm = 10 (e.g., newly defined Dtm when IM is used for RU996) . The total number of IM pilot tones Nsp_IM = 98, the total number of IM data tones Nsd_IM = 882, and the total number of data-carrying tones Nsd = 980. Referring to FIG. 14, data of the PPDU may be split into two parts (IM data part 1 and IM data part 2) , with IM pilot tones inserted between these two parts of data tones. Accordingly, the IM pilot tones may be symmetric about a center DC tone. Under the proposed scheme, the IM pilot tone indexes or indices may be: {-495 -485 -475 -464 -454 -444 -434 -424 -414 -404 -393 -383 -373 -363 -353 -343 -332 -322 -312 -302 -292 -282 -272 -261 -251 -241 -231 -221 -210 -200 -190 -180 -170 -160 -149 -139 -129 -119 -109 -99 -89 -78 -68 -58 -48 -38 -28 -17 -7 7 17 28 38 48 58 68 78 89 99 109 109 119 129 139 149 160 170 180 190 200 210 221 231 241 251 261 272 282 292 302 312 322 332 343 353 363 373 383 393 404 414 424 434 444 454 464 475 485 495} .
[0052] FIG. 15 illustrates an example scenario 1500 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 1500 may pertain to IM pilot tone allocation and index for a 160MHz bandwidth (or RU2x996) , shown in part (A) of FIG. 15, and a 320MHz bandwidth (or RU4x996) , shown in part (B) of FIG. 15. In each 80MHz frequency subblock or segment of the 160MHz or 320MHz bandwidth, Nsd = 980, Nsp_IM = 98, and Nsd_IM = 882. A tone mapping distance of Dtm = 10 (e.g., newly defined Dtm when IM is used for RU996) may be used on each 80MHz frequency subblock / segment or each RU996.
[0053] FIG. 16 illustrates an example scenario 1600 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 1600 may pertain to the value of Nsd_short for pre-forward error correction (pre-FEC) padding when IM is applied, with UHR-MCS being [0: 13, 17, 19, 20, 23] . Part (A) of FIG. 16 shows a first option (Option-1) of the values of Nsd_short corresponding to RUs of different sizes, including RU242, RU484, RU996, RU2x996, and RU4x996. Part (B) of FIG. 16 shows a second option (Option-2) of the values of Nsd_short corresponding to RUs of different sizes, including RU242, RU484, RU996, RU2x996, and RU4x996.
[0054] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure with respect to pre-FEC padding and a-factor for IM PPDUs, instead of defining a set of new Nsd_short parameters for IM PPDU pre-FEC padding and encoding, the pre-FEC padding factor (a-factor) may be fixed at 4. Thus, no Nsd_short may be needed. In addition, to further simplify the design and potentially improve system performance, the “extra LDPC segment symbol” may be fixed at 0 or 1.
[0055] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure with respect to the number of UHR long training field (UHR-LTF) symbols for IM PPDUs, as accurate channel estimation is critical for interference estimation and improvement of demodulation performance, extra UHR-LTF symbols may be transmitted. For instance, for a 1ss case, two or four UHR-LTF symbols may be transmitted instead of just transmitting one UHR-LTF symbol.
[0056] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure with respect to packet extension for IM PPDUs, it is noteworthy that IM PPUDs require interference estimation, covariance matrix estimation, and a larger number of iteration for LDPC decoding. Thus, to relax the hardware latency constraint, the packet extension duration (or duration of PE field) may be fixed to 16 microseconds (μs) or 20 μs. Alternatively, the NOMINAL_PACKET_PADDING parameter may be fixed at 16 μs or 20 μs.
[0057] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure with respect to the number of pilot tones for IM, for 20MHz or RU242, the number of pilot tones for IM may be one of the following values: [35 36 37 38 39 40 42 43 44 45 46] . For 40MH or RU484, the number of pilot tones for IM may be one of the following values: [70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93] . Alternatively, the values may be 2 * [35 36 37 38 39 40 42 43 44 45 46] . Notably, Npilot_IM for 40MHz = 2 *Npilot_IM for 20MHz. For 80MHz or RU996, the number of pilot tones for IM may be one of the following values: [147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196] . Notably, Npilot_IM for 80MHz = 2 *Npilot_IM for 40MHz = 4 *Npilot_IM for 20MHz. For 160MHz or RU2x996, the number of pilot tones for IM may be one of the following values: 2 * [147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196] . Notably, Npilot_IM for 160MHz =2 *Npilot_IM for 80MHz = 4 *Npilot_IM for 40MHz = 8 *Npilot_IM for 20MHz. For 320MHz or RU4x996, the number of pilot tones for IM may be one of the following values: 4 * [147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196] . Notably, Npilot_IM for 320MHz = 2 *Npilot_IM for 160MHz = 4 *Npilot_IM for 80MHz.
[0058] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure with respect to pilot tone locations for IM, in a first option (Option-1) , the IM pilot tones may be spread over by the LDPC tone mapper such that the IM pilot tones and IM data tones may be cascaded together as the input to the LDPC tone mapper. The Dtm for LDPC tone mapping may be either the values of existing Dtm reused for corresponding 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, 160MHz and 320MHz (or RU242 / 484 / 996 / 2x996 / 4x996) . For instance, Dtm = 9 for 20MHz / RU242, Dtm = 12 for 40MHz / RU484, Dtm = 20 for 80MHz / RU996. Alternatively, the values of Dtm may be newly defined such as Dtm = 6 or 13 or 18 for RU242 and RU484, and Dtm = 5 or 7 or 10 or 14 or 28 for RU996 / 2x996 / 4x996. Notably, Dtm = 6 (or 5 or 7) which is about 1 / 0.17 (16%~ 17%of Nsd for IM pilot tones) may be chosen to make IM pilot tones close to being evenly distributed or spread of Nsd.
[0059] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure with respect to pilot tone locations for IM, in a second option (Option-2) , only IM data tones may be toned mapped by the LDPC tone mapper, and the locations of IM pilot tones may be predefined. The locations of existing regular pilot tones may be kept unchanged (e.g., pilot tones defined in IEEE 802.11be specification for CFO tracking and such) . The Dtm of the LDPC tone mapper for IM data tones may either reuse the existing Dtm (for a corresponding bandwidth / RU) or newly defined. For instance, Dtm = 9 may be used for IM data tones of 20MHz / RU242, Dtm = 12 may be used for 40MHz / RU484, Dtm = 20 may be used for 80MHz / RU996, 160MHz / RU2x996 and 320MHz / RU4x996. Alternatively, newly defined Dtm (e.g., 7 or 8 or 13 or 15) may be used for IM data tones of 20MHz / RU242, or newly defined Dtm (e.g., 16 or 17) may be used for IM data tones of 80MHz / RU996, 160MHz / RU2x996 and 320MHz / RU4x996.
[0060] Under the proposed scheme, to make IM pilot tones being evenly distributed, the IM pilot subcarrier indexes / indices may be defined for each bandwidth to avoid overlapping with existing regular pilot tones. Under the proposed scheme, IM pilot subcarriers (tones) may be generated according to a general format of a: 6: b or a: 5: b or a: 7: b. For 20MHz or RU242, there may be 38 IM pilot tones: [-117: 6: -9 9: 6: 117] , which may be expressed as: [-117 -111 -105 -99 -93 -87 -81 -75 -69 -63 -57 -51 -45 -39 -33 -27 -21 -15 -9 9 15 21 27 33 39 45 51 57 63 69 75 81 87 93 99 105 111 117] . Alternatively, there may be 40 IM pilot tones: [-121: 6: -7 7: 6: 121] , which may be expressed as: [-121 -115 -109 -103 -97 -91 -85 -79 -73 -67 -61 -55 -49 -43 -37 -31 -25 -19 -13 -7 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 67 73 79 85 91 97 103 109 115 121] . Alternatively, there may be 42 IM pilot tones: [-114: 5: -14 14: 5: 114] , which may be expressed as: [-114 -109 -104 -99 -94 -89 -84 -79 -74 -69 -64 -59 -54 -49 -44 -39 -34 -29 -24 -19 -14 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 69 74 79 84 89 94 99 104 109 114] .
[0061] For 40MHz, there may be 76 IM pilot tones: [-235: 6: -13 13: 6: 235] . Alternatively, there may be 80 IM pilot tones: [-241: 6: -7 7: 6: 241] . Alternatively, there may be 84 IM pilot tones: [-233: 5: -138, -132: 5: -27, 27: 5: 132, 138: 5: 233] . For 80MHz, there may be 160 IM pilot tones: [-485: 6: -11 11: 6: 485] . Alternatively, there may be 164 IM pilot tones: [-495: 6: -9 9: 6: 495] . For 160MHz, there may be 2 *160 IM pilot tones: [-485: 6: -11 11: 6: 485] -512, [-485: 6: -11 11: 6: 485] +512. Alternatively, there may be 2 *164 IM pilot tones: [-495: 6: -9 9: 6: 495] -512, [-495: 6: -9 9:6: 495] +512. For 320MHz, there may be 4 *160 IM pilot tones: [ [-485: 6: -11 11: 6: 485] -512, [-485: 6: -11 11: 6: 485] +512 ] -1024, [ [-485: 6: -11 11: 6: 485] -512, [-485: 6: -11 11: 6: 485] +512 ] +1024. Alternatively, there may be 4 *164 IM pilot tones: [ [-495: 6: -9 9: 6: 495] -512, [-495: 6: -9 9: 6: 495] +512] -1024, [ [-495: 6: -9 9: 6: 495] -512, [-495: 6: -9 9: 6: 495] +512] +1024.
[0062] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure with respect to pilot tone locations for IM, the IM pilot tone values may reuse those of 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, 160MHz and 320MHz UHR-LTF sequences (e.g., 4x UHR-LTF mode) corresponding to IM pilot subcarrier locations. Illustrative Implementations
[0063] FIG. 17 illustrates an example system 1700 having at least an example apparatus 1710 and an example apparatus 1720 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may perform various functions to implement schemes, techniques, processes and methods described herein pertaining to designs of PHY parameters and pilot tones for interference mitigation in wireless communications including the various schemes described above with respect to various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above as well as processes described below. For instance, apparatus 1710 may be implemented in STA 110 and apparatus 1720 may be implemented in STA 120, or vice versa.
[0064] Each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a non-AP STA or an AP STA, such as a portable or mobile apparatus, a wearable apparatus, a wireless communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. When implemented in a STA, each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may be implemented in a smartphone, a smart watch, a personal digital assistant, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer or a notebook computer. Each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may also be a part of a machine type apparatus, which may be an IoT apparatus such as an immobile or a stationary apparatus, a home apparatus, a wire communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart fridge, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker or a home control center. When implemented in or as a network apparatus, apparatus 1710 and / or apparatus 1720 may be implemented in a network node, such as an AP in a WLAN.
[0065] In some implementations, each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more reduced-instruction set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. In the various schemes described above, each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may be implemented in or as a STA or an AP. Each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 17 such as a processor 1712 and a processor 1722, respectively, for example. Each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 are neither shown in FIG. 17 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0066] In one aspect, each of processor 1712 and processor 1722 may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more RISC processors or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though a singular term “aprocessor” is used herein to refer to processor 1712 and processor 1722, each of processor 1712 and processor 1722 may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of processor 1712 and processor 1722 may be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) with electronic components including, for example and without limitation, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors and / or one or more varactors that are configured and arranged to achieve specific purposes in accordance with the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processor 1712 and processor 1722 is a special-purpose machine specifically designed, arranged and configured to perform specific tasks including those pertaining to designs of PHY parameters and pilot tones for interference mitigation in wireless communications in accordance with various implementations of the present disclosure.
[0067] In some implementations, apparatus 1710 may also include a transceiver 1716 coupled to processor 1712. Transceiver 1716 may include a transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting and a receiver capable of wirelessly receiving data. In some implementations, apparatus 1720 may also include a transceiver 1726 coupled to processor 1722. Transceiver 1726 may include a transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting and a receiver capable of wirelessly receiving data. It is noteworthy that, although transceiver 1716 and transceiver 1726 are illustrated as being external to and separate from processor 1712 and processor 1722, respectively, in some implementations, transceiver 1716 may be an integral part of processor 1712 as a system on chip (SoC) , and transceiver 1726 may be an integral part of processor 1722 as a SoC.
[0068] In some implementations, apparatus 1710 may further include a memory 1714 coupled to processor 1712 and capable of being accessed by processor 1712 and storing data therein. In some implementations, apparatus 1720 may further include a memory 1724 coupled to processor 1722 and capable of being accessed by processor 1722 and storing data therein. Each of memory 1714 and memory 1724 may include a type of random-access memory (RAM) such as dynamic RAM (DRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , thyristor RAM (T-RAM) and / or zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 1714 and memory 1724 may include a type of read-only memory (ROM) such as mask ROM, programmable ROM (PROM) , erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) and / or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 1714 and memory 1724 may include a type of non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) and / or phase-change memory.
[0069] Each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other using various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes and without limitation, a description of capabilities of apparatus 1710, as STA 110, and apparatus 1720, as STA 120, is provided below in the context of example process 1800. It is noteworthy that, although a detailed description of capabilities, functionalities and / or technical features of apparatus 1720 is provided below, the same may be applied to apparatus 1710 although a detailed description thereof is not provided solely in the interest of brevity. It is also noteworthy that, although the example implementations described below are provided in the context of WLAN, the same may be implemented in other types of networks. Illustrative Processes
[0070] FIG. 18 illustrates an example process 1800 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 1800 may represent an aspect of implementing various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above. More specifically, process 1800 may represent an aspect of the proposed concepts and schemes pertaining to designs of PHY parameters and pilot tones for interference mitigation in wireless communications in accordance with the present disclosure. Process 1800 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more blocks / subblocks. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 1800 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks / sub-blocks of process 1800 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 18 or, alternatively, in a different order. Furthermore, one or more of the blocks / sub-blocks of process 1800 may be executed repeatedly or iteratively. Process 1800 may be implemented by or in apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 as well as any variations thereof. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limiting the scope, process 1800 is described below in the context of apparatus 1710 implemented in or as STA 110 functioning as a non-AP STA or an AP STA and apparatus 1720 implemented in or as STA 120 functioning as an AP STA or a non-AP STA of a wireless network such as a WLAN in network environment 100 in accordance with one or more of IEEE 802.11 standards. Process 1800 may begin at block 1810.
[0071] At 1810, process 1800 may involve processor 1712 of apparatus 1710 performing, via transceiver 1716, a wireless communication by performing certain operations represented by 1812 and 1824.
[0072] At 1812, process 1800 may involve processor 1712 generating a PPDU. Process 1800 may proceed from 1812 to 1814.
[0073] At 1814, process 1800 may involve processor 1712 applying IM by adding additional IM pilot tones in every data OFDM symbol in transmitting the PPDU.
[0074] In some implementations, in generating the PPDU, process 1800 may involve processor 1712 generating data tones and IM pilot tones to enable a Rx to apply a Rx algorithm to mitigate interference.
[0075] In some implementations, in applying the IM, process 1800 may involve processor 1712 applying the IM in a SU transmission.
[0076] In some implementations, in applying the IM, process 1800 may involve processor 1712 applying the IM in a non-punctured or full bandwidth transmission.
[0077] In some implementations, in applying the IM, process 1800 may involve processor 1712 applying the IM for 1ss or up to 2ss.
[0078] In some implementations, in generating the IM pilot tones, process 1800 may involve processor 1712 generating zero-energy IM pilot tones such that a pilot value of each of the IM pilot tones is 0.
[0079] In some implementations, in applying the IM, process 1800 may involve processor 1712 tone mapping the IM data tones and the IM pilot tones of the PPDU with a LDPC tone mapper with zero-valued IM pilot tones inserted first into the LDPC tone mapper.
[0080] In some implementations, a tone mapping distance (Dtm) of the LDPC tone mapper may be 9 (Dtm = 9) for a 20MHz or 40MHz bandwidth, or a 242-tone RU (RU242) or a 484-tone RU (RU484) , respectively.
[0081] In some implementations, the PPDU may be transmitted over a full bandwidth of 20MHz or the 242-tone RU (RU242) with a total number of the IM pilot tones being 26. In some implementations, indices of the IM pilot tones may include {-118 -108 -99 -89 -80 -71 -62 -53 -43 -34 -25 -15 -6 6 15 25 34 43 53 62 71 80 89 99 108 118} . In some implementations, the IM pilot tones may be inserted in every data OFDM symbol. Moreover, for the full bandwidth of 20MHz, subcarrier positions of the IM pilot tones may be fixed across all OFDM symbols of the PPDU.
[0082] In some implementations, the PPDU may be transmitted over a full bandwidth of 40MHz or the 484-tone RU (RU484) with a total number of the IM pilot tones being 52. In some implementations, indices of the IM pilot tones may include {-240 -230 -221 -211 -202 -193 -184 -175 -165 -156 -147 -137 -128 -119 -110 -100 -91 -82 -72 -63 -54 -45 -35 -26 -17 -7 7 17 26 35 45 54 63 72 82 91 100 110 119 128 137 147 156 165 175 184 193 202 211 221 230 240} . In some implementations, the IM pilot tones may be inserted in every data OFDM symbol. Moreover, for the full bandwidth of 40MHz, subcarrier positions of the IM pilot tones may be fixed across all OFDM symbols of the PPDU.
[0083] In some implementations, a tone mapping distance (Dtm) of the LDPC tone mapper may be 10 (Dtm = 10) for an 80MHz, 160MHz or 320MHz bandwidth (or a 996-tone RU, 2x996-tone RU or 4x996-tone RU, respectively) .
[0084] In some implementations, the PPDU may be transmitted over one of the following: (a) a full bandwidth of 80MHz or transmitted over a 996-tone resource unit (RU996) with a total number of the IM pilot tones being 98; or (b) a full bandwidth of 160MHz or transmitted over a 2x996-tone resource unit (RU2x996) with a total number of the IM pilot tones being 196; or (c) a full bandwidth of 320MHz or transmitted over a 4x996-tone resource unit (RU4x996) with a total number of the IM pilot tones being 392. In some implementations, indices of the IM pilot tones for each bandwidth of 80MHz may include {-495 -485 -475 -464 -454 -444 -434 -424 -414 -404 -393 -383 -373 -363 -353 -343 -332 -322 -312 -302 -292 -282 -272 -261 -251 -241 -231 -221 -210 -200 -190 -180 -170 -160 -149 -139 -129 -119 -109 -99 -89 -78 -68 -58 -48 -38 -28 -17 -7 7 17 28 38 48 58 68 78 89 99 109 109 119 129 139 149 160 170 180 190 200 210 221 231 241 251 261 272 282 292 302 312 322 332 343 353 363 373 383 393 404 414 424 434 444 454 464 475 485 495} . In some implementations, the IM pilot tones may be inserted in every data OFDM symbol. Moreover, for each bandwidth of 80MHz in the full bandwidth of 80MHz or 160MHz or 320MHz, subcarrier positions of the IM pilot tones may be fixed across all OFDM symbols of the PPDU.
[0085] In some implementations, for pre-FEC padding, values of a reduced number of data tones (Nsd_short) , a total number of the data-carrying tones (Nsd) , a total number of the IM data tones (Nsd_IM) and a total number of the IM pilot tones Nsp_IM) corresponding to a bandwidth of 20MHz or RU242 may include: Nsd_short = 48 or 54; Nsd = 234; Nsd_IM = 208; and Nsp_IM = 26.
[0086] In some implementations, for pre-FEC padding, values of a reduced number of data tones (Nsd_short) , a total number of the data-carrying tones (Nsd) , a total number of the IM data tones (Nsd_IM) and a total number of the IM pilot tones Nsp_IM) corresponding to a bandwidth of 40MHz or RU484 may include: Nsd_short = 108 or 102; Nsd = 468; Nsd_IM = 416; and Nsp_IM = 52.
[0087] In some implementations, for pre-FEC padding, values of a reduced number of data tones (Nsd_short) , a total number of the data-carrying tones (Nsd) , a total number of the IM data tones (Nsd_IM) and a total number of the IM pilot tones Nsp_IM) corresponding to a bandwidth of 80MHz or RU996 may include: Nsd_short = 216 or 222; Nsd = 980; Nsd_IM = 882; and Nsp_IM = 98.
[0088] In some implementations, for pre-FEC padding, values of a reduced number of data tones (Nsd_short) , a total number of the data-carrying tones (Nsd) , a total number of the IM data tones (Nsd_IM) and a total number of the IM pilot tones Nsp_IM) corresponding to a bandwidth of 160MHz or a MRU2x996 may include: Nsd_short = 444; Nsd = 1960; Nsd_IM = 1764; and Nsp_IM = 196.
[0089] In some implementations, for pre-FEC padding, values of a reduced number of data tones (Nsd_short) , a total number of the data-carrying tones (Nsd) , a total number of the IM data tones (Nsd_IM) and a total number of the IM pilot tones Nsp_IM) corresponding to a bandwidth of 320MHz or a MRU4x996 may include: Nsd_short = 888 or 882; Nsd = 3920; Nsd_IM = 3528; and Nsp_IM = 392. Additional Notes
[0090] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0091] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0092] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “asystem having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0093] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
A method, comprising:performing, by a processor of an apparatus, a wireless communication by:generating a physical-layer protocol data unit (PPDU) ; andapplying interference mitigation (IM) by adding additional IM pilot tones in every data orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in transmitting the PPDU,wherein the generating of the PPDU comprises generating data tones and IM pilot tones to enable a receiver (Rx) to apply a Rx algorithm to mitigate interference.The method of Claim 1, wherein the applying the IM comprises applying the IM in a single-user (SU) transmission.The method of Claim 1, wherein the applying the IM comprises applying the IM in a non-punctured or full bandwidth transmission.The method of Claim 1, wherein the applying of the IM comprises applying the IM for one spatial stream (1ss) or up to two spatial streams (2ss) .The method of Claim 1, wherein the generating of the IM pilot tones comprises generating zero-energy IM pilot tones such that a pilot value of each of the IM pilot tones is 0.The method of Claim 1, wherein the applying of the IM comprises tone mapping the IM data tones and the IM pilot tones of the PPDU with a low-density parity-check (LDPC) tone mapper with zero-valued IM pilot tones inserted first into the LDPC tone mapper.The method of Claim 6, wherein a tone mapping distance (Dtm) of the LDPC tone mapper is 9 (Dtm = 9) for a 20MHz or 40MHz bandwidth, or a 242-tone RU (RU242) or a 484-tone RU (RU484) , respectively.The method of Claim 7, wherein the PPDU is transmitted over a full bandwidth of 20MHz or the 242-tone RU (RU242) with a total number of the IM pilot tones being 26.The method of Claim 8, wherein indices of the IM pilot tones comprise {-118 -108 -99 -89 -80 -71 -62 -53 -43 -34 -25 -15 -6 6 15 25 34 43 53 62 71 80 89 99 108 118} , wherein the IM pilot tones are inserted in every data OFDM symbol, and wherein, for the full bandwidth of 20MHz, subcarrier positions of the IM pilot tones are fixed across all OFDM symbols of the PPDU.The method of Claim 7, wherein the PPDU is transmitted over a full bandwidth of 40MHz or the 484-tone RU (RU484) with a total number of the IM pilot tones being 52.The method of Claim 10, wherein indices of the IM pilot tones comprise {-240 -230 -221 -211 -202 -193 -184 -175 -165 -156 -147 -137 -128 -119 -110 -100 -91 -82 -72 -63 -54 -45 -35 -26 -17 -7 7 17 26 35 45 54 63 72 82 91 100 110 119 128 137 147 156 165 175 184 193 202 211 221 230 240} , wherein the IM pilot tones are inserted in every data OFDM symbol, and wherein, for the full bandwidth of 40MHz, subcarrier positions of the IM pilot tones are fixed across all OFDM symbols of the PPDU.The method of Claim 6, wherein a tone mapping distance (Dtm) of the LDPC tone mapper is 10 (Dtm = 10) for an 80MHz, 160MHz or 320MHz bandwidth, or a 996-tone RU, 2x996-tone RU or 4x996-tone RU, respectively.The method of Claim 12, wherein the PPDU is transmitted over:a full bandwidth of 80MHz or transmitted over a 996-tone resource unit (RU996) with a total number of the IM pilot tones being 98; ora full bandwidth of 160MHz or transmitted over a 2x996-tone resource unit (RU2x996) with a total number of the IM pilot tones being 196; ora full bandwidth of 320MHz or transmitted over a 4x996-tone resource unit (RU4x996) with a total number of the IM pilot tones being 392.The method of Claim 13, wherein indices of the IM pilot tones for each bandwidth of 80MHz comprise {-495 -485 -475 -464 -454 -444 -434 -424 -414 -404 -393 -383 -373 -363 -353 -343 -332 -322 -312 -302 -292 -282 -272 -261 -251 -241 -231 -221 -210 -200 -190 -180 -170 -160 -149 -139 -129 -119 -109 -99 -89 -78 -68 -58 -48 -38 -28 -17 -7 7 17 28 38 48 58 68 78 89 99 109 109 119 129 139 149 160 170 180 190 200 210 221 231 241 251 261 272 282 292 302 312 322 332 343 353 363 373 383 393 404 414 424 434 444 454 464 475 485 495} , wherein the IM pilot tones are inserted in every data OFDM symbol, and wherein, for each bandwidth of 80MHz in the full bandwidth of 80MHz or 160MHz or 320MHz, subcarrier positions of the IM pilot tones are fixed across all OFDM symbols of the PPDU.The method of Claim 1, wherein, for pre-forward error correction (pre-FEC) padding, values of a reduced number of data tones (Nsd_short) , a total number of the data-carrying tones (Nsd) , a total number of the IM data tones (Nsd_IM) and a total number of the IM pilot tones Nsp_IM) corresponding to a bandwidth of 20MHz or a 242-tone resource unit (RU242) comprise:Nsd_short = 48 or 54;Nsd = 234;Nsd_IM = 208; andNsp_IM = 26.The method of Claim 1, wherein, for pre-forward error correction (pre-FEC) padding, values of a reduced number of data tones (Nsd_short) , a total number of the data-carrying tones (Nsd) , a total number of the IM data tones (Nsd_IM) and a total number of the IM pilot tones Nsp_IM) corresponding to a bandwidth of 40MHz or a 484-tone resource unit (RU484) comprise:Nsd_short = 108 or 102;Nsd = 468;Nsd_IM = 416; andNsp_IM = 52.The method of Claim 1, wherein, for pre-forward error correction (pre-FEC) padding, values of a reduced number of data tones (Nsd_short) , a total number of the data-carrying tones (Nsd) , a total number of the IM data tones (Nsd_IM) and a total number of the IM pilot tones Nsp_IM) corresponding to a bandwidth of 80MHz or a 996-tone resource unit (RU996) comprise:Nsd_short = 216 or 222;Nsd = 980;Nsd_IM = 882; andNsp_IM = 98.The method of Claim 1, wherein, for pre-forward error correction (pre-FEC) padding, values of a reduced number of data tones (Nsd_short) , a total number of the data-carrying tones (Nsd) , a total number of the IM data tones (Nsd_IM) and a total number of the IM pilot tones Nsp_IM) corresponding to a bandwidth of 160MHz or a 2x996-tone multi-resource unit (MRU2x996) comprise:Nsd_short = 444;Nsd = 1960;Nsd_IM = 1764; andNsp_IM = 196.The method of Claim 1, wherein, for pre-forward error correction (pre-FEC) padding, values of a reduced number of data tones (Nsd_short) , a total number of the data-carrying tones (Nsd) , a total number of the IM data tones (Nsd_IM) and a total number of the IM pilot tones Nsp_IM) corresponding to a bandwidth of 320MHz or a 4x996-tone multi-resource unit (MRU4x996) comprise:Nsd_short = 888 or 882;Nsd = 3920;Nsd_IM = 3528; andNsp_IM = 392.An apparatus, comprising:a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly; anda processor coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform a wireless communication by:generating a physical-layer protocol data unit (PPDU) ; andapplying interference mitigation (IM) by adding additional IM pilot tones in every data orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in transmitting the PPDU,wherein the generating of the PPDU comprises generating data tones and IM pilot tones to enable a receiver (Rx) to apply a Rx algorithm to mitigate interference,wherein the applying the IM comprises applying the IM in a single-user (SU) transmission,wherein the applying the IM comprises applying the IM in a non-punctured or full bandwidth transmission,wherein the applying of the IM comprises applying low-density parity-check (LDPC) only for data transmission,wherein the applying of the IM comprises applying the IM for one spatial stream (1ss) or up to two spatial streams (2ss) , andwherein the generating of the IM pilot tones comprises generating zero-energy IM pilot tones such that a pilot value of each of the IM pilot tones is 0.