Prestressed building elements

Abstract

A bed for the manufacture of prestressed elements by applying a curable compound to the bed comprises a base plate with, on the first side of the base plate, a build-up system at both ends in a longitudinal direction of the base plate, whereby at least one cable can be tensioned between the build-up systems, and with, on the second opposite side of the base plate, reinforcing structures applied to the sides in a longitudinal direction of the base plate, where the reinforcing structures are arranged in such a way that they reinforce the base plate against the forces exerted when at least one cable is tensioned between the build-up systems. The bed can be used in a carousel for the manufacture of prestressed elements.

Description

BE2024 / 5847 2 Summary of the invention It is an objective of the execution of the present invention to provide a device and method for the manufacture of prestressed elements. The above-mentioned objective is achieved by a bed, a carousel and / or a method according to the present invention. In a first aspect, the invention provides for a bed for the manufacture of prestressed elements by applying a curable compound to the bed. The bed contains a base plate with, on a first side of the base plate, a build-up system at both ends in a longitudinal direction of the base plate, whereby at least one cable can be tensioned between the build-up systems, and with, on a second opposite side of the base plate, reinforcing the structures applied to the sides in the longitudinal direction of the base plate, whereby the reinforcing structures are applied in such a way that they reinforce the base plate against the forces exerted when at least one cable is tensioned between the build-up systems.It is an advantage of implementation forms of the present invention that deformation of the base plate is avoided by tensioning at least one cable between the superstructure systems. This is made possible by the reinforcing structures on the second side of the base plate. These reinforcing structures can, for example, be plates attached to the sides of the base plate or formed integrally with it. In a bed according to the designs of the present invention, supports can be fitted to the second side of the base plate so that the bed can be placed on a second bed, with a space between the beds in which a prestressed element can be located. It is an advantage of such designs of the present invention that the beds are stackable with a space between them in which a prestressed element can be located. This makes it possible to stack the prestressed elements in a compact manner. This is particularly advantageous because it allows the prestressed elements to harden with minimal use of space.According to the designs of the present invention, the reinforcing structures and the supporting elements may be the same, whereby the ends of the reinforcing structures, which are located furthest from the base plate, may be placed on the second bed. In the designs of the present invention, head structures may be applied to the sides and in the transverse direction on the second side of the base plate. These head structures at the ends may, for example, be attached to the reinforcing structures. They may also serve as support when one bed is placed on the other bed. Holes may be provided for ventilation and evaporation when multiple beds are placed on top of each other. These holes may also serve as anchor points or attachment points to lift and move the bed. A bed according to embodiments of the present invention may contain upright edges, on the first side of the base plate and the sides in the longitudinal direction thereof, against which side plates can be placed.It is an advantage of the execution forms of the current invention that side plates can be placed tightly against the first side of the base plate, more specifically against its upright edges. Due to the presence of the upright edges, leakage of the curable compound can be avoided. Because the side plates are not fixed to the bed, smooth formwork removal is possible. Due to the upright edges, smooth formation of the formwork is possible. A bed according to the design forms of the present invention can contain anchor points to be able to lift and move the bed. This has the advantage that the bed can be used in a carousel system for the manufacture of prestressed elements, whereby the carousel system comprises various modules. In such a system, the bed can be moved from one module to another. In the further description, various examples of modules will be given. 30 2024 / 5847 BE2024 / 5847 4 In a second aspect, the present invention provides for formwork for the manufacture of prestressed elements.The formwork contains a bed according to the designs of the first aspect of the invention, two side plates connecting to the first side of the base plate, and at least two separator pieces on the first side of the base plate between the superstructure systems so that a fillable space is formed by the base plate, the two side plates, and the two separator pieces. It is an advantage of the designs of the present invention that the connection between the side plates and the base plate is not a fixed, inseparable connection, such as a welded connection, but that the side plates can be placed against the first side of the base plate. This allows for simple assembly of the formwork and, moreover, allows for simple stripping. In the designs of the present invention, there is at least one recess in each separator piece through which at least one cable, which can be tensioned between the superstructure systems, can pass. In one aspect, the current invention provides a carousel for the manufacture of prestressed elements.The carousel contains a sequence of different modules, including at least one module for forming a formwork, whereby this module is adapted to attach side plates against the first side of a bed in accordance with one of the forms of execution of the first aspect of the present invention, and to attach at least two separator pieces to the first side of the base plate between the construction systems, so that a formwork is formed by the base plate, the two side plates, and the two separator pieces. It is an advantage of forms of execution of the present invention that the carousel is adapted to form a formwork using a bed in accordance with forms of execution of the present invention. In forms of execution of the present invention, at least one cable is tensioned between the construction systems of the bed. A carousel in accordance with forms of execution of the present invention may furthermore contain a module for filling the formwork with a curable compound.30 2024 / 5847 BE2024 / 5847 5 A carousel according to the forms of execution of the present invention may furthermore contain a module for moving the side walls and separator pieces away from the base plate. It is an advantage of the forms of execution of the present invention that the formwork is immediately de-formable. A carousel according to the forms of execution of the present invention may furthermore contain a module for moving a bed with a pre-stressed element thereon to a storage area, after removing the side walls and separator pieces. It is an advantage of the forms of execution of the present invention that a bed with a pre-stressed element thereon can be moved to a storage area to dry further there. It is moreover advantageous that the 10 beds are stackable so that the storage space can be utilized efficiently. In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a method for manufacturing prestressed elements.The method consists of: - providing a bed in accordance with one of the execution forms of the first aspect of the invention,15 - installing at least one cable, and tensioning at least one cable between the construction systems of the bed, - installing side plates separator pieces on the first side of the bed to form a formwork, - applying a curable compound in the formwork,20 - removing the side plates and separator pieces, - moving the bed with a prestressed element on it to the storage area. It is an advantage of execution forms of the present invention that prestressed elements can be formed and that these can be stored in an efficient25 manner to dry further. The side plates and separator pieces can be removed after minimal compaction so that flow is avoided after the removal of the side walls separator pieces.In a method according to the forms of execution of the present invention, a tie rod can be attached to a cable, whereby the tie rod is inserted through an opening in one of the mounting systems, and whereby a nut is screwed onto the tie rod against the mounting system to apply tension to at least one cable. Multiple cables can be connected to the same tie rod by means of a plate. In a method according to the forms of execution of the present invention, the bed can be moved by attaching a lifting mechanism to the anchor points. The lifting mechanism itself can, for example, move or be moved along a rail system. Specific and preference-bearing aspects of the invention are included in the attached independent and dependent claims. Features of the dependent claims can be combined with features of the independent claims and with features of other dependent claims as indicated and not merely as expressly presented in the claims.These and other aspects of the invention shall be clear from and clarified by reference to the form(s) of execution described below.15 Brief description of the figures FIG.1 shows a schematic 3D drawing of a bed in accordance with forms of execution of the present invention. FIG.2 shows a cross-section of a bed according to forms of execution of the present invention. FIG.3 shows a schematic 3D drawing of a bed on which an additional block is placed to create a sufficiently large surface area to apply tension to the cables, in accordance with forms of execution of the present invention. FIG.4 shows a cross-section according to a plane passing through the axis of the tie rod and parallel to the plane of the base plate of a bed in accordance with forms of execution of the present invention. FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a bed with a separator piece at one end of the bed in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.30 2024 / 5847 BE2024 / 5847 7 FIG. 6 shows as FIG.5. A separator piece, but at the other end of the bed. FIG. 7 shows a schematic drawing of a complete formwork in accordance with the execution forms of the present invention. FIG. 8 and 9 show the two ends of a bed with the separator pieces on it after the removal of the side plates, in accordance with the execution forms of the present invention. FIG. 10 shows an end of a bed with a prestressed element on it, after the removal of the separator pieces, in accordance with the execution forms of the present invention. FIG. 11 shows a possible trajectory of a bed via different modules of a carousel in accordance with the execution forms of the present invention. FIG. 12 shows a possible ground plan of an exemplary execution of a carousel according to the present invention. The figures are schematic only and not exhaustive. In the figures, the dimensions of some parts may be exaggerated and not shown to scale for illustrative purposes.Reference numbers in the claims may not be interpreted to limit the scope of protection. In the various figures, the same reference numbers refer to the same or similar elements. Detailed description of illustrative forms of execution. The present invention shall be described with regard to particular forms of execution and with reference to specific drawings; however, the invention is not limited thereto but is limited only by the claims. The drawings described are merely schematic and not restrictive. In the drawings, for illustrative purposes, the dimensions of some elements may be enlarged and not drawn to scale. The dimensions and relative dimensions sometimes do not correspond to the actual practical execution of the invention.2024 / 5847 BE2024 / 5847 8 Furthermore, the terms first, second, third and similar end descriptions and in the claims are used for distinguishing similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequence, neither in time, nor spatially, nor in rank or in any other way. It should be understood that the terms used in this way are interchangeable under subordinate circumstances and that the forms of execution of the invention described herein are suitable for working in a different order than described or presented herein. Moreover, the terms upper, lower, top, and the like are used in the descriptions and conclusions for descriptive purposes and not necessarily to describe relative positions. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchanged under given circumstances and that the forms of execution of the invention described herein are also suitable for working according to orientations other than those described or presented herein.It should be noted that the term "contains", as used in the 15 claims, should not be interpreted as limited to the means described below; this term does not exclude any other elements or steps. It is thus to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated features, values, steps or components referred to, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, values, 20 steps or components, or groups thereof. Thus, the scope of the expression "a device containing the means A and B" should not be limited to devices consisting only of components A and B. It means that with respect to the present invention, A and B are the only relevant components of the device. 25 Reference throughout this specification to "one form of execution" or "a form of execution" means that a specific mark, structure or characteristic described in connection with the form of execution is included in at least one form of execution of the present invention.Thus, the occurrence of the expressions “in one form of execution” or “in one form of execution” in various places throughout this specification does not necessarily have to refer to the same form of execution each time, but may do so. Furthermore, the specific features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be clear to an average skilled person on the basis of this publication, in one or more forms of execution.5 Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the description of exemplary forms of execution of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single form of execution, figure or description thereof with the aim of streamlining the publications and assisting in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects.10 In any event, this method of disclosure should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the invention requires more features than explicitly mentioned in each conclusion.Rather, as the following conclusions reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all the features of a single previously disclosed form of execution. Thus, the conclusions15 following the detailed description are hereby explicitly included in this detailed description, with each stand-alone conclusion as a separate form of execution of this invention. Furthermore, while some forms of execution described herein contain some, but not others, features included in other forms of execution,20 combinations of features of different forms of execution are intended as lying within the scope of the invention, and constitute these different forms of execution as would be understood by the skilled person. For example, in the following conclusions any of the described forms of execution may be used in any combination.25 In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are put forward.It is therefore understandable that implementation forms of the invention can be carried out without these specific details. In other cases, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order to keep this description clear.30 2024 / 5847 BE2024 / 5847 10 In a first aspect, the present invention provides for a bed100 for the manufacture of prestressed elements by applying a hardenable compound to the bed100. Such elements can be, for example, concrete floor slabs or beams. Fig. 1 to 10 show schematic 3D drawings or cross-sections of a bed in accordance with implementation forms of the present invention.5 The length of the bed can vary depending on the application. When floor slabs are made for residential or industrial construction, the length of these slabs can, for example, vary between 8 and 10 m, for example 8.8 m. The length of the bed must be at least adjusted so that the vault fits. Afterwards, the vaults can be sawn into smaller vaults.Depending on the application, the width can also vary; for example, a wider bed can be used for making vaulted ceilings than for making lintels. The bed100 is illustrated in Fig. 1 and the cross-section in Fig. 2. The bed100 contains a base plate110. The base plate110 can, for example, be a flat base plate. Alternatively, it can also have a different shape, depending on the 15 product that is turned onto it. For example, for longitudinal molds, a base plate with a suitable shape may be required; or rough vaults may require a waffle base plate to obtain a rough underside. In the longitudinal direction of the bed, a build-up system120 is present at both ends of the base plate. These build-up systems are placed on a first side of the base plate. Between these 20 build-up systems120, at least one cable180 can be tensioned. The number of cables180 can be chosen by the designer of the pre-tensioned element, and the build-up systems120 can be adapted to this. For this purpose, there are for example holes present in at least one of the mounting systems120 through which tie rods182 can be inserted.A drawbar182 is connected to one or more cables180. These can, for example, be tensioned by turning a nut183 on the drawbar182 and tightening it against the mounting system120. The tension on the one or more cables is transferred via the mounting systems120 to the base plate110. A drawbar182 can be attached to a plate181 which in turn is connected to several cables30 2024 / 5847 BE2024 / 5847 11 180. In this way, a drawbar182 can tension multiple cables180. An example where a nut183 is screwed against the mounting system120 can be seen in Fig. 1. As illustrated in Fig. 3, an additional block184 can be placed against the mounting system120. In this way, a sufficiently large a surface is created for a wire tensioning machine to tension the nut 183. This is further illustrated in the horizontal cross-section in Fig. 4, which shows a cross-section through the axis of the tie rods 182. The nut 183 passes through the opening in the additional block 184 and tensions against the mounting system 120.After tensioning one or more cables180, the additional block184 can be removed.10 In the previous example, tension is applied to one or more cables180 by means of a nut183 and a drawbar182. The invention is not limited to this, however, and tension can also be realized in other ways (for example, hydraulically). After tensioning one or more cables180, they are secured to mounting systems120.15 For example, a tension of 1100 N / mm² per cable can be applied. This allows, for example, for a wire with a diameter of 9 mm, a tensile force of more than 50 kN, up to even more than 80 kN, for example 75 kN per cable, to be applied, or until bed overspan100 is reached. The number of cables180 can, for example, vary between 1 and 16, or until bed overspan20 100 is reached. To be able to absorb this force, a bed100 contains, according to designs of the present invention, reinforcing structures130 on a second opposite side of the base plate110. These are placed on the sides in the longitudinal direction of the base plate110.These reinforcing structures25 130 are arranged in such a way that they reinforce the base plate110 against the forces exerted when at least 1 cable180 is tensioned between the construction systems 120. It is an advantage of the execution forms of the present invention that the tension on one or more cables180 is transferred to the bed100 and30 2024 / 5847 BE2024 / 5847 12 that reinforcing structures130 are installed on the bed which reinforce the base plate110 of the bed100. Because the cables180 are not attached to an external support, the bed100 (with or without the prestressed elements) can be moved from one module to another according to a carousel system. This makes it possible, for example, to move a prestressed element5 to a storage area before the prestressed element has (fully) hardened. These modules are discussed further in the description. In embodiments of the present invention, supports 140 are provided on the second side of the base plate 110, i.e.on the other side from the one where the pre-tensioned element is formed, so that the bed can be placed on a second bed. There is a space between the beds in which a pre-tensioned element can be located. Because the beds are formed in such a way that they are stackable, space-efficient storage of the pre-tensioned elements is possible. The reinforcing structures130 and supports140 can, for example, be the same. The ends of the reinforcing structures130, which are located furthest from the base plate110, can be placed on the second bed. This is, for example, the case for the beds from Fig. 1 to Fig. 10, where the reinforcing structures130 of one bed100 can be placed on the base plate110 of the other bed100. In execution forms of the present invention, head structures150 can be present at the ends of the base plate110 and this on the second side thereof, on the other side from that where the prestressed element is formed. An example of this is illustrated in Fig.1 value head structure150 a plate is mounted against the second side of the base plate110 and against 25 the reinforcing structures130. The reinforcing structures130 are in this example also plates. An opening170 in the head structures150 can serve as an anchor point to lift the bed100. Additional anchor points can be provided on the reinforcing structures130. 2024 / 5847 BE2024 / 5847 13 In the examples illustrated in Fig. 1 to Fig. 10, the reinforcing structures are plates. The size of the beds is determined by the desired size of the prestressed elements. In the examples, beds have a height of 210 mm and the cables are tensioned at a height of 25 mm above the bed. These examples are, of course, only illustrations and in no way binding or restrictive of the present invention. To form a formwork for the manufacture of prestressed elements, two side plates of the formwork are placed against the first side of the base plate. These side plates extend along the length of the base plate.In addition, at least two separator pieces220 on the first side of the base plate110 are placed between the construction systems120, so that a fillable space is formed by the base plate110, the two side plates 210 and the two separator pieces220. Grooves are present at the bottom of the separator pieces220 through which the cables180 can pass. Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of a bed100 with a separator piece220 on it at one end of the bed. This separator piece220 is placed on the bed100 over the cables 180. This is possible due to the presence of grooves in the separator piece. Fig. 6 shows a separator piece220 at the other end of the bed100. As shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, there are recesses230 in the separator pieces. These allow to insert recesses in separator pieces220 so that hollow prestressed20 elements can be formed. The recesses may be cylindrical or oval in cross-section, or have any other suitable shape. FIG. 7 shows a schematic drawing of a complete formwork200 in accordance with execution forms of the present invention.It is an advantage of such formwork that the tension of the cables is absorbed by the bed. Consequently, direct stripping is possible even before the curable compound has fully hardened, and the bed with a prestressed element on it can be moved to a storage area to cure further. 2024 / 5847 BE2024 / 5847 14 FIG.8 and FIG.9 show the two ends of a bed with a prestressed element on it, the separator pieces after the removal of the side plates. FIG.10 shows one end of a bed with a prestressed element on it, after the removal of the separator pieces. This bed, with a prestressed element on it, can be moved to a storage area. In a second aspect, the present invention provides for a carousel300 for the manufacture of prestressed elements. The carousel300 contains various modules. An example of this is shown in Fig. 11 in the form of a diagram illustrating a possible trajectory of a bed100 via the various modules.A possible ground plan of an exemplary execution form of a carousel in accordance with the present invention is shown in Fig. 12. In execution forms of the present invention, the carousel contains a module that is adapted for applying and preparing a bed in accordance with execution forms of the present invention. Preparing the bed may, for example, include steps such as brushing and oiling. In the forms of execution of the present invention, the carousel300 contains a module315 for the installation and tensioning of the reinforcement. This module315 may have provisions for tensioning cables180 between construction systems120 on the base plate110 of the bed100.20 In the forms of execution of the present invention, the carousel300 contains a module320 for transferring the prepared reinforced bed to the production machine where formwork is formed, filled and removed.In embodiments of the present invention, the carousel 300 contains a module 330 which is adapted for forming and filling of a formwork 200 used 25 to make a bed 100 in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. separator pieces 220 are placed on the first side of the bottom plate 110 between 2024 / 5847 BE2024 / 5847 15 deopbouwsystemen 120 so that the formwork is formed by the bottom plate 110, the two side plates 210 and the two separator pieces 220. This module 330 is adapted for filling the formwork 200 with a hardenable composition. Optionally, hollow tubes can be installed in the formwork 200. Hollow prestressed 5 elements can be made using the hollow tubes. The installation of the hollow tubes can take place before filling with the hardenable composition or can take place during filling. To do this, the filling can be temporarily stopped.Module 330 can also be equipped to vibrate the curable compound in the formwork during and / or after its application. The carousel 300, more specifically module 330, can also contain a pressing system to compress the applied curable compound. Part of module 330 is also adapted for stripping the prestressed elements. Module 330 can be adapted to remove the side walls and separator pieces. In implementation forms of the present invention, the carousel 300 contains a buffer module to temporarily store one or more prestressed elements, still on their bed, before they are transported, possibly several at a time, via transfer module 350 to a drying zone 360. The advantage of such a buffer module 350 is that transport to the drying zone 360 ​​can be carried out more efficiently. When the prestressed elements in drying zone 360 ​​are completely dry, they can be moved to module 370. This module 370 is equipped for separating the prestressed elements from bed 100.This module can also be adapted to relieve the tension on one or more cables on the 25 assembly systems and to detach these cables from the base plate. The freed bed can then be reused in the carousel to create a new prestressed element. In this way, a carousel system is obtained. In implementation forms of the present invention, this can even be a fully automatic carousel system. 30 2024 / 5847 BE2024 / 5847 16 The carousel300 can furthermore also contain modules (not illustrated in FIG. 12) for sawing the prestressed elements and drilling holes in the prestressed elements. The carousel can contain a module for brushing a released bed. The carousel can also contain a module for spraying oil on the base plate. These modules can form part of module 310 The surface of the carousel.