Directional communication is not permitted for full-duplex time slots.

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. Some aspects relate to a disallowed communication direction for full-duplex time intervals. Some aspects more specifically relate to defining, for a user equipment (UE), an allowable communication direction and / or a disallowed communication direction for full-duplex time intervals (for example, for slots and / or symbols associated with full-duplex operations). In some aspects, a network node transmitting, to a UE, an indication of a communication direction that is disabled or is to be dropped (for example, not received or transmitted) during slots or symbols that are associated with full-duplex operations at the network node. The UE may transmit or receive communications, during a full-duplex time interval, that are in an allowed communication direction (for example, that are not in the disallowed communication direction).

Description

1 / 96 Directional communication is not permitted for full-duplex time slots. CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED REQUESTS

[0001] This patent application claims priority over US patent application no. Patent application 18 / 191,696, filed on March 28, 2023, entitled DISALLOWED COMMUNICATION DIRECTION FOR FULL-DUPLEX TIME INTERVALS, and granted to the assignee hereof. Disclosure of the prior application is considered part of, and is incorporated by reference into, this patent application. FIELD OF DISCLOSURE

[0002] The aspects of this disclosure relate generally to wireless communication and, specifically, to techniques and apparatus associated with the direction of communication not permitted for full-duplex time intervals. BACKGROUND

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, message exchange, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth or transmission power).Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA), and long-term evolution (LTE). Advanced LTE / LTE is a set of enhancements to... Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 224 / 341 2 / 96 Mobile Standard of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0004] The multiple access technologies above have been adopted in several telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables different user equipment (UEs) to communicate at a municipal, national, regional, or global level. New Radio (NR) technology, which can be called fifth generation (5G), is a set of improvements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by 3GPP.NR is designed to better support mobile broadband internet access by improving spectral efficiency, reducing costs, enhancing services, utilizing new spectrum, and improving integration with other open standards through the use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink, using CP-OFDM or single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink, as well as supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation.As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further enhancements in LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remain useful.

[0005] In some examples, a network node may operate using different operational states. In the different operational states, the network node may use different antennas, different antenna panels, different antenna configurations, and / or different transmission and reception points (TRPs) to communicate with one or more user equipment (UEs). For example, the network node may operate in a full-duplex mode (by Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 225 / 341 3 / 96 example, it can transmit and receive communications at the same time). To improve the spatial isolation of antennas and / or TRPs used for the respective communication directions, the network node may use a first antenna and / or a first TRP for downlink signals and a second antenna and / or a second TRP for uplink signals when operating in full-duplex mode. For example, improving the spatial isolation of the first antenna and / or the first TRP from the second antenna and / or the second TRP can reduce the self-interference associated with full-duplex operations. Therefore, the first antenna and / or the first TRP of the network node may be unavailable for uplink signals and the second antenna and / or the second TRP of the network node may be unavailable for downlink signals when the network node is operating in full-duplex mode.

[0006] In some cases, a UE may experience poor performance for a given communication direction when the network node is operating in full-duplex mode due to the unavailability of a given TRP for uplink or downlink communications. For example, a service TRP (e.g., for downlink and uplink) for the UE may be used by the network node for a given communication direction when the network node is operating in full-duplex mode. The UE may not support multiple active transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states or beams.If the active TCI state or beam (e.g., for uplink communications) associated with the UE is associated with a spatial direction toward the TRP, then the UE may be unable to transmit or receive communications in that given communication direction during a full-duplex time interval (e.g., because the TRP is unavailable for that given communication direction and the UE is unable to support an additional active beam or TCI state associated with another TRP). Alternatively, a link between the UE and another TRP (e.g., one used by the network node for that given communication direction) may be associated with poor radio conditions (e.g., significant path loss), resulting in poor performance. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 226 / 341 4 / 96 of communications, in the given communication direction, between the UE and the other TRP.

[0007] In some instances, the UE may rely on the network node to refrain from scheduling communications in the given communication direction during full-duplex time slots. However, relying on the network node to make scheduling determinations may not be feasible or reliable in some situations. For example, some communications may be periodic and / or semi-persistent (e.g., occurring every X slots, symbols, or milliseconds). The periodicity of these communications may not align with the periodicity of the slot format, resulting in some of the periodic and / or semi-persistent communications being scheduled to occur during a full-duplex time slot. As another example, a communication may be associated with one or more repetitions.Although communication can be scheduled during a non-full-duplex time slot, a repetition of the communication can occur during a full-duplex time slot. As another example, a single downlink control information (DCI) communication can schedule multiple communications (for example, it can schedule different transport blocks). While one or more of the multiple communications may be scheduled during a non-full-duplex time slot, one or more other communications may occur during a full-duplex time slot.

[0008] The UE may not be aware of the given communication direction (e.g., which may be associated with poor performance for the UE during full-duplex time slots). Therefore, the UE may consume resources (e.g., power resources, processing resources, and / or network resources) attempting to transmit or receive a communication (e.g., associated with the given communication direction) to or from an antenna and / or a network node TRP that is unavailable for the given communication direction during full-duplex time slots. SUMMARY

[0009] Some aspects described in the present invention relate to a user equipment (UE) for wireless communication. The UE may include at least Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 227 / 341 5 / 96 a memory and at least one processor communicatively coupled to at least one memory. The at least one processor may be operable to cause the UE to receive, from a network node, an indication of one or more full-duplex time slots. The at least one processor may be operable to cause the UE to receive, from the network node, an indication of a non-permitted communication direction associated with the one or more full-duplex time slots. The at least one processor may be operable to cause the UE to transmit or receive, to or from the network node and during a full-duplex time slot of the one or more full-duplex time slots, communication in accordance with communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction. As a result, it is clarified how full-duplex time slots should be used by the UE when the network node is operating in a full-duplex mode.For example, the UE, during full-duplex time intervals, can transmit or receive communications in an allowed communication direction and / or can discard communications in a disallowed communication direction. This can conserve UE resources (e.g., power resources, processing resources, and / or network resources) that would otherwise have been used in attempting to transmit or receive a communication in the disallowed communication direction (e.g., to or from an antenna and / or a TRP of the network node that is unavailable for the disallowed communication direction during full-duplex time intervals). The efficiency of the UE and the wireless communication system can therefore be improved.

[0010] Some aspects described in the present invention relate to a network node for wireless communication. The network node may include at least one memory and at least one processor communicatively coupled to at least one memory.At least one processor may be operable to cause the network node to transmit an indication, associated with a UE, of one or more full-duplex time slots. At least one processor may be operable to cause the network node to transmit an indication, associated with the UE, of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time slots. At least one. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 228 / 341 6 / 96 processor may be operable to cause the network node to transmit or receive, during a full-duplex time interval of one or more full-duplex time intervals, a communication, for the UE, according to the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction.

[0011] Some aspects described in the present invention relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a UE. The method may include receiving, from a network node, an indication of one or more full-duplex time slots. The method may include receiving, from the network node, an indication of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time slots. The method may include transmitting or receiving, to or from the network node and during one or more full-duplex time slots, a communication in accordance with the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction.

[0012] Some aspects described in the present invention relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a network node. The method may include transmitting an indication, associated with a UE, of one or more full-duplex time slots. The method may include transmitting an indication, associated with the UE, of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time slots. The method may include transmitting or receiving, during a full-duplex time slot of one or more full-duplex time slots, a communication, to the UE, according to the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction.

[0013] Some aspects described in the present invention relate to a non-transient, computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE.The instruction set, when executed by one or more UE processors, can cause the UE to receive, from a network node, an indication of one or more full-duplex time intervals. The instruction set, when executed by one or more UE processors, can cause the UE to receive, from the network node, an indication of a direction of... Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 229 / 341 7 / 96 Disallowed communication associated with one or more full-duplex time slots. The instruction set, when executed by one or more UE processors, may cause the UE to transmit or receive, to or from the network node and during a full-duplex time slot of one or more full-duplex time slots, communication in accordance with the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the disallowed communication direction.

[0014] Some aspects described in the present invention relate to a non-transient, computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a network node. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors in the network node, can cause the network node to transmit an indication, associated with a UE, of one or more full-duplex time slots. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors in the network node, can cause the network node to transmit an indication, associated with the UE, of a communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time slots.The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, can cause the network node to transmit or receive, during a full-duplex time interval of one or more full-duplex time intervals, a communication, to the UE, according to the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the prohibited communication direction.

[0015] Some aspects described in the present invention relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving, from a network node, an indication of one or more full-duplex time intervals. The apparatus may include means for receiving, from the network node, an indication of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time intervals. The apparatus may include means for transmitting or means for receiving, to or from the network node and during one or more full-duplex time intervals, communication in accordance with the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 230 / 341 8 / 96

[0016] Some aspects described in the present invention relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting an indication, associated with a UE, of one or more full-duplex time intervals. The apparatus may include means for transmitting an indication, associated with the UE, of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time intervals. The apparatus may include means for transmitting or means for receiving, during a full-duplex time interval of one or more full-duplex time intervals, a communication, to the UE, according to the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction.

[0017] In general, the aspects include a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transient computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, or processing system, as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, the drawings and descriptive report.

[0018] Foregoing has broadly described the attributes and technical advantages of the examples according to the disclosure so that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional attributes and advantages will be described hereafter. The specific design and examples disclosed may be readily used as a basis for modifying or designing other structures to accomplish the same purposes as the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims.The characteristics of the concepts disclosed in the present invention, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] For the attributes mentioned above of this disclosure Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 231 / 341 9 / 96 can be understood in detail; a more particular description, briefly summarized above, can be obtained by reference to aspects, some of which are illustrated in the attached drawings. It should be noted, however, that the attached drawings illustrate only some typical aspects of this disclosure and, therefore, should not be considered limiting to its scope, as the description may include other equally effective aspects. Identical reference numbers in different drawings may identify identical or similar elements.

[0020] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary network node in communication with a user device (UE) on a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary disaggregated base station architecture, according to the present disclosure.

[0023] Figures 4A to 4C are diagrams illustrating examples of full-duplex communication according to this disclosure.

[0024] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating examples of full-duplex communication according to this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a full-duplex slot configuration according to the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a full-duplex operation on a network node according to the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 8 is a diagram of an example associated with operations associated with a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time intervals according to this disclosure.

[0028] Figure 9 is a diagram of an example associated with a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time intervals according to this disclosure.

[0029] Figure 10 is a diagram of an example associated with a direction of Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 232 / 341 10 / 96 communication is not permitted for full-duplex time slots according to this disclosure.

[0030] Figure 11 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process performed, for example, by a UE that supports a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time intervals according to this disclosure.

[0031] Figure 12 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process performed, for example, by a network node that supports a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time intervals according to this disclosure.

[0032] Figure 13 is a diagram of an exemplary apparatus for wireless communication that supports a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time intervals according to the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 14 is a diagram of an exemplary device for wireless communication that supports a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time intervals according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Several aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure can, however, be incorporated in many different forms and should not be interpreted as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure is thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art may observe that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed in the present invention, whether implemented independently or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth in the present invention.Furthermore, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such apparatus or method that is practiced with the use of another structure, functionality or framework. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 233 / 341 11 / 96 functionality in addition to or different from the various aspects of the disclosure set forth in the present invention. Any aspect of the disclosure set forth in this invention may be incorporated by one or more elements of a claim.

[0035] Various aspects of telecommunications systems will now be presented with reference to various devices and techniques. These devices and techniques will be described in the detailed description below and illustrated in the attached drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, stages, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as elements). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements will be implemented in the form of hardware or software will depend on the particular application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0036] Several aspects generally relate to a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time slots. Some aspects relate more specifically to the definition, for a user equipment (UE), of a permitted communication direction and / or a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time slots (e.g., for slots and / or symbols associated with full-duplex operations). In some aspects, a network node may transmit an indication of a communication direction (and / or a channel and / or a reference signal) that is disabled or should be discarded (e.g., not received or transmitted) during slots or symbols that are associated with full-duplex operations on the network node. The UE may transmit or receive communications, during a full-duplex time slot, that are in a permitted communication direction (e.g., that are not in the not permitted communication direction).In some respects, the EU may refrain from transmitting or receiving (for example, it may discard) a communication, during a full-duplex time interval, that is in the direction of non-permitted communication.

[0037] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 234 / 341 12 / 96 Some examples, the techniques described can be used to clarify how full-duplex time slots should be used by the UE when the network node is operating in a full-duplex mode (e.g., using non-co-located antennas and / or transmit / receive points (TRPs)). For example, the UE, during full-duplex time slots, may transmit or receive communications in an allowed communication direction and / or may discard communications in a disallowed communication direction. This can conserve UE resources (e.g., power resources, processing resources, and / or network resources) that would otherwise have been used in attempting to transmit or receive a communication in the disallowed communication direction (e.g., to or from an antenna and / or a TRP of the network node that is unavailable for the disallowed communication direction during full-duplex time slots).The efficiency of the UE and the wireless communication system can therefore be improved.

[0038] In some respects, a feedback operation for dropped communications associated with the non-permitted communication direction can be defined. For example, when the UE does not receive a downlink communication (e.g., due to the downlink being the non-permitted communication direction), the UE can refrain from transmitting hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback for the downlink communication (e.g., thus conserving power resources, processing resources, and / or network resources that would otherwise have been used by the UE transmitting HARQ feedback for the downlink communication that the network node already knows was not transmitted to the UE).

[0039] In some respects, the indication of the disallowed communication direction may be associated with a given control resource set (CORESET) grouping index value. For example, the network node may transmit, and the UE may receive, an indication that communications associated with a given communication direction and a given CORESET grouping index value are not allowed, are disabled. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 235 / 341 13 / 96 and / or should be discarded during full-duplex time intervals. This enables enhanced control and / or flexibility to indicate non-permitted communication directions (and / or permitted communication directions) in multi-TRP and / or multiple downlink control information (multi-DCI) scenarios.

[0040] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network according to the present disclosure. The wireless network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G network (e.g., NR) or a 4G network (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)), among other examples. The wireless network 100 may include one or more network nodes 110 (shown as a network node (NN) 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 110d), one UE 120 or multiple UEs 120 (shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e), or other network entities. A network node 110 is an entity that communicates with UEs 120. As shown, a network node 110 can include one or more network nodes.For example, a 110 network node can be an aggregated network node, meaning that the aggregated network node is configured to use a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN network node (e.g., within a single device or unit). As another example, a 110 network node can be a disaggregated network node (sometimes called a disaggregated base station), meaning that the 110 network node is configured to use a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more nodes (such as one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)).

[0041] In some examples, a 110 network node is or includes a network node that communicates with 120 UEs via a radio access link, such as a RU. In some examples, a 110 network node is or includes a network node that communicates with other 110 network nodes via a fronthaul link or a midhaul link, such as a DU. In some examples, a 110 network node is or includes a network node that communicates with other 110 network nodes via a link of Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 236 / 341 14 / 96 midhaul or a core network via a backhaul link, such as a CU. In some examples, a 110 network node (such as an aggregated 110 network node or a disaggregated 110 network node) may include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, or one or more DUs. A 110 network node may include, for example, an NR network node, an LTE network node, a NodeB, an eNB (e.g., in 4G), a gNB (e.g., in 5G), an access point or a TRP, a DU, an RU, a CU, a network mobility element, a core network node, a network element, a network equipment, or a RAN node. In some examples, network nodes 110 may be interconnected to each other and / or to one or more other network nodes 110 in the wireless network 100 through various types of fronthaul, midhaul, or backhaul interfaces, such as a direct physical connection, an air interface, or a virtual network, using any suitable transport network.

[0042] Each 110 network node can provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the term cell can refer to a coverage area of ​​a 110 network node or a network node subsystem that serves that coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.

[0043] A network node 110 can provide communication coverage for a macrocell, a picocell, a femtocell, or another type of cell. A macrocell can cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and can allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A picocell can cover a relatively small geographic area and can allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femtocell can cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a residence) and can allow restricted access by UEs 120 that have an association with the femtocell (e.g., UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A network node 110 of a macrocell can be called a network macronode. A network node 110 of a picocell can be called a network piconode. A network node 110 of a Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 237 / 341 15 / 96 femtocell can be called a network femtonode or a home network node.

[0044] The 100 wireless network can be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as network macronodes, network piconodes, network femtonodes, or network repeater nodes. These different types of 110 network nodes may have different transmission power levels, different coverage areas, or different impacts on interference in the wireless network. For example, network macronodes may have a high transmission power level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts), while network piconodes, network femtonodes, and network repeater nodes may have lower transmission power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts). In the example shown in Figure 1, network node 110a may be a network macronode for a macrocell 102a, network node 110b may be a network piconode for a picocell 102b, and network node 110c may be a network femtonode for a femtocell 102c. A network node can support one or multiple (e.g., three) cells.In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of ​​the cell may move according to the location of a mobile network node (e.g., a mobile network node).

[0045] In some respects, the term base station or network node may refer to an aggregated base station, a disaggregated base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, or one or more components thereof. For example, in some respects, base station or network node may refer to a CU, a DU, a RU, a Near Real-Time (Near RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), and / or a Non-Real-Time (Non RT) RIC. In some respects, the terms base station or network node may refer to a device configured to perform one or more functions, such as those described in the present invention in conjunction with network node 110. In some respects, the terms base station or network node may refer to a plurality of devices configured to perform one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of a number of devices Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 238 / 341 Different 16 / 96 devices (which may be located in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations) can be configured to perform at least a portion of a function, or to duplicate the performance of at least a portion of the function, and the terms base station or network node may refer to any one or more of these different devices. In some respects, the terms base station or network node may refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some respects, two or more base station functions may be instantiated on a single device. In some respects, the terms base station or network node may refer to one of the base station functions, and not another. Thus, a single device may include more than one base station.

[0046] A network controller 130 can couple to, or communicate with, a set of network nodes 110 and can provide coordination and control to those network nodes 110. The network controller 130 can communicate with the network nodes 110 through a backhaul communication link. The network nodes 110 can communicate with each other directly or indirectly through a wired or wireless backhaul communication link. In some respects, the network controller 130 may be a CU or a core network device, or the network controller 130 may include a CU or a core network device.

[0047] In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of ​​the cell may move according to the location of a mobile 110 network node (e.g., a mobile network node). In some examples, 110 network nodes may be interconnected to each other or to one or more other 110 network nodes or network nodes (not shown) in the wireless 100 network, through various types of backhaul interfaces, such as a direct physical connection or a virtual network, using any suitable transport network.

[0048] A 100 wireless network may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is an entity that can receive a data transmission originating from an upstream station (for example, a 110 network node or Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 239 / 341 17 / 96 a UE 120) and send a transmission of the data to a downstream station (e.g., a UE 120 or a network node 110). A relay station can be a UE 120 that can relay transmissions to other UE 120s. In the example shown in Figure 1, network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) can communicate with network node 110a (e.g., a network macronode) and UE 120d, to facilitate communication between network node 110a and UE 120d. A network node 110 that relays communications can be called a relay station, a relay network node, or a relay.

[0049] The UEs 120 can be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each A UE 120 can be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be a mobile phone (e.g., a smartphone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart bracelet, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, or a satellite radio).A vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, a UE function of a network node, or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless medium.

[0050] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. An MTC UE or an eMTC UE may include, for example, a robot, a drone, Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 240 / 341 18 / 96 a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, or a location tag, that can communicate with a network node, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Some UE120s may be considered Internet of Things (IoT) devices or may be implemented as NB (narrowband IoT) devices. Some UE120s may be considered Customer Premises Equipment. A UE120 may be included within a housing that houses UE120 components, such as processor components and / or memory components. In some examples, processor components and memory components may be coupled to each other. For example, processor components (e.g., one or more processors) and memory components (e.g., a memory) may be operationally coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled.

[0051] In general, any number of 100 wireless networks can be deployed in a given geographic area. Each 100 wireless network can support a particular RAT and can operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT can be called a radio technology or an air interface. A frequency can be called a carrier or a frequency channel. Each frequency can support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, 5G or NR RAT networks can be deployed.

[0052] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (for example, shown as UE 120a and UE 120e nodes can communicate directly using one or more side-link channels (e.g., without using a network node 110 as an intermediary to communicate with each other). For example, UE 120 nodes can communicate using point-to-point (P2P) peer-to-peer (P2P) communications, device-to-device (D2D) communications, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocol (e.g., which may include a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol), or a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocol. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 241 / 341 19 / 96 infrastructure) or a vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocol, or a mesh network. In such examples, a UE 120 can perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, or other operations described elsewhere in the present invention as being performed by network node 110.

[0053] Wireless network devices can communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which can be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, or channels. For example, wireless network devices can communicate using one or more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands were identified as frequency band designations FR1 (410 MHz to 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is above 6 GHz, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as a Sub-6 GHz band in various documents and articles.A similar nomenclature issue arises in connection with FR2, which is often (and interchangeably) referred to as a millimeter wave band in documents and articles, despite being distinct from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz to 300 GHz) that is identified by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as a millimeter wave band.

[0054] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band for these mid-band frequencies as the FR3 frequency band designation (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz). Frequency bands that are in the FR3 range can inherit the characteristics of FR1 or the characteristics of FR2 and, in this way, can effectively extend the attributes of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Furthermore, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency band designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Each of these Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 242 / 341 The 20 / 96 higher frequency band falls within the EHF band.

[0055] With the above examples in mind, except where specifically indicated otherwise, the term sub-6 GHz, if used in the present invention, may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Furthermore, except where specifically indicated otherwise, the term millimeter wave, if used in the present invention, may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4a, or FR4-1 or FR5, or may be within the EHF band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and the techniques described in the present invention are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0056] In some respects, the UE 120 may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere in the present invention, the communication manager 140 may receive, from a network node, an indication of one or more full-duplex time slots; receive, from the network node, an indication of a non-permitted communication direction associated with the one or more full-duplex time slots; and transmit or receive, to or from the network node and during one or more full-duplex time slots, a communication in accordance with the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction.That is, the UE 120 communication manager 140 can transmit to or receive from the network node, during a full-duplex time interval of one or more full-duplex time intervals, a communication, in accordance with the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the prohibited communication direction. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 140 can perform one or more of the other operations described in the present invention. The UE 120 can transmit or receive communications, during a full-duplex time interval, in response to communication that is in one direction. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 243 / 341 21 / 96 of permitted communication (e.g., the communication is not in the non-permitted communication direction). Additionally or alternatively, UE 120 may refrain from transmitting or receiving (e.g., it may drop) a communication, during a full-duplex time interval, in response to communication that is in the non-permitted communication direction (e.g., the communication is not in the permitted direction). The permitted communication direction may, for example, be a downlink direction in which communications are transmitted from a network node 110 to UE 120. In such examples, the non-permitted communication direction may be an uplink direction. Alternatively, the permitted direction may, for example, be an uplink direction in which communications are transmitted from UE 120 to a network node 110. In such examples, the non-permitted communication direction may be a downlink direction.UE 120 can therefore determine, based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with, an indication of a non-permitted communication direction received from a network node 110, whether a communication during a full-duplex time slot of one or more full-duplex time slots is a communication in the non-permitted communication direction. UE 120 may transmit or receive the communication, or refrain from transmitting or receiving the communication, according to the determination.

[0057] In some respects, network node 110 may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere in the present invention, the communication manager 150 may transmit an indication, associated with a UE, of one or more full-duplex time slots; transmit an indication, associated with the UE, of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time slots; and transmit or receive, during a full-duplex time slot of one or more full-duplex time slots, a communication to the UE, according to the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction. That is, the communication manager 150 of network node 110 may transmit a communication to a UE 120 or receive a communication to / from a UE Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 244 / 341 22 / 96 120, during a full-duplex time interval of one or more full-duplex time intervals, depending on whether the communication is in a direction other than the non-permitted communication direction. Alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described in the present invention. The network node 110 may transmit or receive communications during a full-duplex time interval in response to communication that is in a permitted communication direction (e.g., the communication is not in the non-permitted communication direction). Alternatively, the network node 110 may refrain from transmitting or receiving (e.g., may discard) a communication during a full-duplex time interval in response to communication that is in a non-permitted communication direction (e.g., the communication is not in the permitted direction).The permitted communication direction may, for example, be a downlink direction in which communications are transmitted from network node 110 to UE 120. In such examples, the disallowed communication direction may be an uplink direction. Alternatively, the permitted direction may, for example, be an uplink direction in which communications are transmitted from UE 120 to network node 110. In such examples, the disallowed communication direction may be a downlink direction. Network node UE 110 may therefore determine, based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with, an indication of a disallowed communication direction associated with node 120, whether a communication during a full-duplex time slot of one or more full-duplex time slots is a communication in the disallowed communication direction.Network node 110 may transmit or receive communication, or refrain from transmitting or receiving communication, as determined.

[0058] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node communicating with a UE in a wireless network according to the present disclosure. The network node may correspond to network node 110 in Figure 1. Similarly, the UE may correspond to UE 120 in Figure 1. Network node 110 may be equipped Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 245 / 341 The UE120 can be equipped with a set of antennas 234a to 234t, as T antennas (T > 1). The UE120 can be equipped with a set of antennas 252a to 252r, as R antennas (R > 1). The network node 110 depicted in Figure 2 includes one or more radio frequency components, such as 234 antennas and a 232 modem. In some examples, a network node 110 may include an interface, a communication component, or another component that facilitates communication with the UE120 or another network node. Some network nodes 110 may not include radio frequency components that facilitate direct communication with the UE120, such as one or more CUs or one or more DUs.

[0059] At network node 110, a transmission processor 220 can receive, from a data source 212, data destined for UE 120 (or a set of UEs 120).Transmission processor 220 can select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for UE 120 based, at least in part, on one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from UE 120. Network node 110 can process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for UE 120 based, at least in part, on the MCS(s) selected for UE 120, and can provide data symbols for UE 120. Transmission processor 220 can process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, or upper-layer signaling) and can provide overhead symbols and control symbols.The 220 transmission processor can generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). A 230 transmission (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor can perform spatial processing (e.g., Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 246 / 341 24 / 96 pre-coding) in the data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, or reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set of 232 modems (e.g., T modems), shown as 232a to 232t modems. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of a 232 modem. Each 232 modem may use a respective modulator component to process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each 232 modem may additionally use a respective modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, or up-convert) the output sample stream to obtain a down-link signal.The 232a to 232t modems can transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T downlink signals) through a corresponding set of 234 antennas (e.g., T antennas), shown as antennas 234a to 234t.

[0060] In UE 120, a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a to 252r) can receive downlink signals from network node 110 or other network nodes 110 and can provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems 254 (e.g., R modems), shown as modems 254a to 254r. For example, each received signal can be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 can use a respective demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, down-convert, or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 can use a demodulator component to further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols.A MIMO detector 256 can obtain symbols received from modems 254, can perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and can provide detected symbols. A receiving processor 258 can process (per. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 247 / 341 25 / 96 example, demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, it can provide decoded data to the UE 120 to a data sink 260 and can provide decoded control information and system information to a controller / processor 280. The term controller / processor can refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. A channel processor can determine a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, or a CQI parameter, among other examples. In some examples, one or more components of the UE 120 can be included in a housing 284.

[0061] Network controller 130 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and a memory 292. Network controller 130 may include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. Network controller 130 may communicate with network node 110 via communication unit 294.

[0062] One or more antennas (for example, antennas 234a to 234t and / or antennas Examples of items 252a to 252r may include, or be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more antenna element assemblies, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, antenna group, antenna element assembly, or antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), an assembly of coplanar antenna elements, an assembly of non-coplanar antenna elements, or one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more transmitting and / or receiving components, such as one or more components of Figure 2.

[0063] In the uplink, in UE 120, a transmission processor 264 can receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information (for example, for reports that include RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ or CQI) a Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 248 / 341 26 / 96 of the controller / processor 280. The transmission processor 264 can generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmission processor 264 can be pre-coded by a TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, further processed by the modems 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to the network node 110. In some examples, the UE 120 modem 254 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna(s) 252, modem(s) 254, MIMO detector 256, reception processor 258, transmission processor 264, or TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 280) and memory 282 to perform aspects of any of the methods described in the present invention.

[0064] At network node 110, uplink signals from UE 120 or others. UEs can be received by antennas 234, processed by modem 232 (for example, a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of modem 232), detected by a MIMO detector 236, if applicable, and further processed by a receiving processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 120. The receiving processor 238 can provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and provide the decoded control information to the controller / processor 240. Network node 110 can include a communication unit 244 and can communicate with network controller 130 through communication unit 244. Network node 110 can include a scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communications. In some examples, modem 232 of network node 110 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, network node 110 includes a transceiver.The transceiver may include any combination of antenna(s) 234, modem(s) 232, MIMO detector 236, reception processor 238, transmission processor 220, or TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (for example, the... Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 249 / 341 27 / 96 controller / processor 240) and memory 242 to perform aspects of any of the methods described in the present invention.

[0065] The controller / processor 240 of network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of UE 120, or any other component(s) of Figure 2 may perform one or more techniques associated with communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time intervals, as described in more detail elsewhere in the present invention. For example, the controller / processor 240 of network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of UE 120, or any other component(s) of Figure 2 may perform or direct operations, for example, of process 1100 of Figure 11, process 1200 of Figure 12, or other processes as described in the present invention. Memory 242 and memory 282 may store data and program codes for network node 110 and UE 120, respectively.In some examples, memory 242 or memory 282 may include a non-transient, computer-readable medium that stores one or more instructions (e.g., code or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed (e.g., directly, or after compilation, conversion, or interpretation) by one or more processors of network node 110 or UE 120, may cause the one or more processors, UE 120, or network node 110 to perform or direct operations, for example, of process 1100 of Figure 11, process 1200 of Figure 12, or other processes as described in the present invention. In some examples, the execution of the instructions may include executing the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.

[0066] In some respects, UE 120 may include means for receiving, from a network node, an indication of one or more full-duplex time slots; means for receiving, from the network node, an indication of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time slots; and / or means for transmitting or means for receiving, to or from the network node (for example, means for transmitting to the network node or means for receiving). Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 250 / 341 28 / 96 from the network node) and during a full-duplex time interval of one or more full-duplex time intervals, communication in accordance with the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the prohibited communication direction. The means for the UE 120 to perform operations described in the present invention may include, for example, one or more of the communication manager 140, the antenna 252, the modem 254, the MIMO detector 256, the reception processor 258, the transmission processor 264, the TX MIMO processor 266, the controller / processor 280 or the memory 282.

[0067] In some respects, network node 110 may include means for transmitting an indication, associated with a UE, of one or more full-duplex time slots; means for transmitting an indication, associated with the UE, of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time slots; and / or means for transmitting or means for receiving, during a full-duplex time slot of one or more full-duplex time slots, a communication, for the UE, according to the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction. The means for the network node 110 to perform operations described in the present invention may include, for example, one or more of the following: communication manager 150, transmission processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, reception processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242 or scheduler 246.

[0068] The deployment of communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, can be arranged in multiple ways with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a network mobility element, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, a base station, or a network device can be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a base station (such as a NodeB (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a TRP, or a cell, among other examples), or a Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 251 / 341 29 / 96 or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functionality can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone base station or a monolithic base station), or as a disaggregated base station. The term network entity or network node can refer to an aggregated base station, a disaggregated base station, or one or more units of a disaggregated base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs).

[0069] An aggregated base station (e.g., an aggregated network node) can be configured to use a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated into a single RAN node (e.g., in a single device or a single unit). A disaggregated base station (e.g., a disaggregated network node) can be configured to use a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs). In some examples, a CU may be implemented in a network node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU or, alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other network nodes. DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs.Each of the CU, DU, and RU can also be implemented as virtual units, such as a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU), among other examples.

[0070] Base station operation or network design may consider base station functionality aggregation features. For example, disaggregated base stations can be used in an IAB network, an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as the O-RAN alliance-sponsored network configuration), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN), also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN), to facilitate the scaling of communication systems through functionality separation. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 252 / 341 30 / 96 base station in one or more units that can be individually deployed. A disaggregated base station can include functionality implemented across two or more units in various physical locations, as well as functionality implemented in at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various disaggregated base station units can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other disaggregated base station unit.

[0071] In some respects, the actions described in the present invention as being performed by a network node 110 can be performed by multiple different network nodes. For example, configuration actions can be performed by a first network node (e.g., a CU or a DU) and radio communication actions can be performed by a second network node (e.g., a DU or a RU).

[0072] As used in the present invention, network node 110 emitting or transmitting a communication to UE 120 may refer to a direct transmission (e.g., from network node 110 to UE 120) or an indirect transmission through one or more other network nodes or devices. For example, if network node 110 is a DU, an indirect transmission to UE 120 may include the DU emitting or transmitting a communication to a RU and the RU transmitting the communication to UE 120, or it may include causing the RU to transmit the communication (e.g., by triggering the transmission of a physical layer reference signal). Similarly, UE 120 transmitting a communication to network node 110 may refer to a direct transmission (e.g., from UE 120 to network node 110) or an indirect transmission through one or more other network nodes or devices.For example, if network node 110 is a DU, an indirect transmission to network node 110 might involve UE 120 transmitting a communication to a RU, and the RU transmitting the communication to the DU. Similarly, network node 110 receiving a communication might refer to receiving a transmission carrying the communication directly (e.g., from UE 120 to network node 110) or... Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 253 / 341 31 / 96 receive communication (or information derived from receiving communication) through one or more other network nodes or devices.

[0073] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary disaggregated base station architecture 300, according to the present disclosure. The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link or indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units (such as a near-RT RIC 325 via an E2 link or a non-RT RIC 315 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) structure 305, or both). A CU 310 can communicate with one or more DUs 330 via their respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 can communicate with one or more RUs 340 via their respective fronthaul links. Each of the RU 340s can communicate with one or more UE 120s through their respective radio frequency (RF) access links.In some implementations, a UE 120 can be served simultaneously by multiple RU 340s.

[0074] Each of the units, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, as well as the near-RT 325 RICs, the non-RT 315 RICs and the SMO 305 structure, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data or information (collectively, signals) through a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to one or more of the respective unit's communication interfaces, may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units through the transmission medium.In some examples, each unit may include a wired interface, configured to receive or transmit signals through a wired transmission medium to one or more other units, and a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as an RF transceiver), configured to receive or transmit signals, or both. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 254 / 341 32 / 96 of a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.

[0075] In some respects, the CU 310 can host one or more upper-layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 310. The CU 310 can be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., central unit-user plane (CU-UP) functionality), and / or control plane functionality (e.g., central unit-control plane (CU-CP) functionality).In some implementations, the CU 310 can be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. A CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit through an interface, such as the E1 interface, when implemented in an ORAN configuration. The CU 310 can be implemented to communicate with a DU 330, as needed, for network control and signaling.

[0076] Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. In some respects, the DU 330 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a media access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high-level physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional division, such as a functional division defined by 3GPP. In some respects, the one or more high-level PHY layers may be implemented by one or more modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, and modulation and demodulation. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 255 / 341 33 / 96 among other examples. In some respects, the DU 330 can additionally host one or more low PHY layers, such as those implemented by one or more modules for a fast Fourier transform (FFT), an inverse fast Fourier transform (iFFT), digital beamforming, or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, among other examples. Each layer (which can be called a module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330 or with the control functions hosted by the CU 310.

[0077] Each RU 340 can implement lower layer functionality.In some deployments, a RU 340, controlled by a DU 330, may correspond to a logical node hosting RF processing functions or low-level PHY layer functions, such as performing an FFT, performing an iFFT, digital beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, based on a functional split (e.g., a functional split defined by 3GPP), such as a lower-layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU 340 can be operated to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 120. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user communication with the RU(s) 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable each DU 330 and CU 310 to be deployed in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0078] The SMO 305 framework can be configured to support the deployment and provisioning of RAN from non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO 305 framework can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements that can be managed through an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO 305 framework can be configured to interact with a Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 256 / 341 34 / 96 cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud platform (Ocloud) 390) to perform lifecycle management of network elements (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) through a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). These virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CUs 310, DUs 330, RUs 340, non-RT RICs 315, and near-RT RICs 325. In some implementations, the SMO 305 framework may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 311, through an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO 305 framework may communicate directly with each of the one or more RUs 340 through a respective O1 interface. The SMO 305 framework can also include a non-RT 315 RIC configured to support the functionality of the SMO 305 framework.

[0079] The non-RT 315 RIC can be configured to include a logic function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and attributes, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) workflows, including model training and updates or application / attribute guidance based on directives in the near RT 325 RIC. The non-RT 315 RIC can be coupled to, or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface), the near RT 325 RIC. The near RT 325 RIC can be configured to include a logic function that enables near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and attributes through actions and data collection over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more 310 CUs, one or more 330 DUs, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the near RT 325 RIC.

[0080] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed on the near RT 325 RIC, the non-RT 315 RIC may receive external enrichment parameters or information from external servers. This information can be used by the near RT 325 RIC and can be received in the SMO 305 structure or in the non-RT 315 RIC from sources. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 257 / 341 35 / 96 of non-network data or from network functions. In some instances, the non-RT 315 RIC or the near-RT 325 RIC can be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT 315 RIC can monitor long-term performance trends and patterns and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO 305 framework (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or through the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies).

[0081] In some examples, an access node may include an access node controller. The access node controller may be a CU of a distributed RAN. In some examples, a backhaul interface to a core network may terminate at the access node controller. The core network may include a 5G control plane component and a 5G user plane component (for example, a 5G gateway that includes both the 5G control plane component and the 5G user plane component), and a backhaul interface to one or both of the 5G control plane and the 5G user plane may terminate at the access node controller. Additionally or alternatively, a backhaul interface to one or more neighboring access nodes (for example, another access node) may terminate at the access node controller.

[0082] The access node controller may be associated with or may communicate with one or more TRPs (for example, through an F1 control interface (F1-C) or an F1 user interface (F1-U). In some cases, a TRP may be called a cell (for example, an antenna panel), an antenna array, or an array, among other examples. Each TRP may be a DU or a RU of the distributed RAN. A TRP may be connected to a single access node controller or to multiple access node controllers. In some examples, a TRP may correspond to a base station described above in relation to Figures 1, 2, or 3. For example, different TRPs may be included in different respective base stations. Additionally or alternatively, multiple TRPs may be included in a single base station. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 258 / 341 36 / 96 In some respects, a disaggregated base station may include a CU (e.g., access node controller) or one or more DUs (e.g., one or more TRPs). In some instances, a functional division of the base station's functionality between an access node controller (e.g., a CU) and a TRP (e.g., a DU or a RU) may be defined, as by 3GPP. For example, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, or a MAC layer may be configured to terminate at the access node controller or at a TRP.

[0083] In some examples, multiple TRPs can transmit communications (e.g., the same communication or different communications) in the same transmission time interval (TTI) (e.g., a slot, a mini-slot, a subframe, or a symbol) or in different TTIs using different quasi-co-location (QCL) relationships (e.g., different spatial parameters, different TCI states, different pre-coding parameters, or different beamforming parameters). In some respects, a TCI state can be used to indicate one or more QCL relationships. Each TRP can be configured to individually (e.g., using dynamic selection) or jointly (e.g., using joint transmission with one or more other TRPs) serve traffic to a UE 120.

[0084] In some examples, a first physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) communication (PDCCH 1) transmitted by a first TRP (TRP A) can schedule a first physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication (PUSCH 1) to transmit uplink data to TRP A, and a second TRP (TRP B) can schedule a second PUSCH communication (PUSCH 2) to transmit uplink data to TRP B. A Control Resource Set Grouping Index (CORESET) value (or CORESETPoolIndex) can be used by UE 120 to identify a TRP associated with an uplink lease received on a PDCCH. For example, multiple PDCCHs can be used to schedule data communications. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 259 / 341 37 / 96 downlink or uplink to multiple corresponding physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) or multiple corresponding PUSCHs (e.g., one PDCCH for each PDSCH or PUSCH). In such examples, the DCI (e.g., having DCI format 1_0 or DCI format 1_1) may indicate a corresponding Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state for a TRP corresponding to the DCI. The TCI field of a DCI indicates the corresponding TCI state (e.g., the TCI field of the first DCI indicates the first TCI state and the TCI field of the second DCI indicates the second TCI state). This may be called a multi-TRP multiple DCI (mDCI) operation.

[0085] The multi-TRP operation configuration based on multi-DCI allows the UE to communicate simultaneously through multiple TRPs. For example, an UE can receive, from a first TRP, the first DCI on a first PDCCH, where the first DCI schedules a first PDSCH or PUSCH to be transmitted by the first TRP. Similarly, the UE can receive, from a second TRP, the second DCI on a second PDCCH, where the second DCI schedules a second PDSCH or PUSCH to be transmitted by the second TRP. The first and second PDSCHs or PUSCHs may not overlap, may partially overlap, or may fully overlap. In conjunction with monitoring DCIs transmitted from different TRPs, the UE can monitor PDCCH candidates during PDCCH monitoring occasions on different CORESETs.

[0086] CORESET can refer to a control region that is structured to support efficient resource utilization, such as through flexible configuration or reconfiguration of resources for one or more PDCCHs associated with a UE. In some examples, a CORESET may occupy the first symbol of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) slot, the first two symbols of an OFDM slot, or the first three symbols of an OFDM slot. Thus, a CORESET may include multiple resource blocks (RBs) in the frequency domain and one, two, or three symbols in the time domain. In 5G, a number of resources Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 260 / 341 38 / 96 included in a CORESET can be flexibly configured, such as with the use of RRC signaling to indicate a frequency domain region (e.g., a number of feature blocks) or a time domain region (e.g., a number of symbols) for the CORESET.

[0087] A UE 120 can be configured with multiple CORESETs in a given server cell. Each CORESET configured for the UE 120 can be associated with a CORESET identifier (CORESET ID). In some examples, two or more (e.g., up to five) CORESETs can be grouped into a CORESET grouping. Each CORESET grouping can be associated with a CORESET grouping index value. As an example, CORESET ID 1 and CORESET ID 2 can be grouped under CORESET grouping index 0, and CORESET ID 3 and CORESET ID 4 can be grouped under CORESET grouping index 1. In a multi-TRP configuration, each CORESET grouping index value can be associated with a given TRP. As an example, TRP A can be associated with CORESET grouping index 0 and TRP B can be associated with CORESET grouping index 1.UE 120 can be configured by a higher-layer parameter, such as the RRC parameter PDCCH-Config, with information that identifies an association between a TRP and a CORESET clustering index value assigned to the TRP. Consequently, UE 120 can identify the TRP that transmitted a DCI uplink lease by determining the CORESET ID of the CORESET on which the PDCCH carrying the DCI uplink lease was transmitted, determining the CORESET clustering index value associated with the CORESET clustering in which the CORESET ID is included, and identifying the TRP associated with the CORESET clustering index value.

[0088] Figures 4A to 4C are diagrams illustrating examples of full-duplex communication according to the present disclosure. A first full-duplex 400 scenario shown in Figure 4A includes a UE1 402 and two network nodes (e.g., network entities or TRPs) 404-1, 404-2, where the UE1 402 is sending Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 261 / 341 39 / 96 uplink transmissions to network node 404-1 and is receiving downlink transmissions from network node 404-2. In the first full-duplex 400 scenario of Figure 4A, full-duplex is enabled for UE1 402, but not for network nodes 404-1 and 404-2. A second full-duplex 410 scenario depicted in Figure 4B includes two UEs, shown as UE1 402-1 and UE2 402-2, and a network node 404, where UE1 402-1 is receiving a downlink transmission from network node 404 and UE2 402-2 is transmitting an uplink transmission to network node 404. In the second full-duplex 410 scenario, full-duplex is enabled for network node 404, but not for UE1 402-1 and UE2 402-2. A third full-duplex 420 scenario is depicted in Figure 4C which includes a UE1 402 and a network node 404, where UE1 402 is receiving a downlink transmission from network node 404 and UE1 402 is transmitting an uplink transmission to network node 404.In the third full-duplex scenario, 420, full-duplex is enabled for both UE1 402 and network node 404.

[0089] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating examples of 500 full-duplex communication according to this disclosure. A UE can operate in a full-duplex in-band mode. In full-duplex in-band mode, the UE can transmit and receive on the same time and frequency resource. An uplink and a downlink can share the same time and frequency resource. For example, in a first 502 full-duplex communication, a time and frequency resource for the uplink can completely overlap with a time and frequency resource for the downlink. As another example, in a second 504 full-duplex communication, a time and frequency resource for the uplink can partially overlap with a time and frequency resource for the downlink.

[0090] An UE can operate in a sub-band full-duplex mode (SBFD subband full-duplex). The SBFD mode may also be called a sub-band frequency division duplex mode or a flexible duplex mode. In SBFD mode, the UE can transmit and receive at the same time, but the UE can Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 262 / 341 40 / 96 transmits and receives on different frequency domain resources. For example, in a third full-duplex 506 communication, a downlink resource can be separated from an uplink resource by a guard band in a frequency domain. In some examples, the SBFD may be associated with a network node that is operating in full-duplex mode (e.g., transmitting and receiving simultaneously on different frequency domain resources). In such examples, the UEs communicating with the network node may be operating in half-duplex mode.

[0091] In some examples, a slot configuration may include a combination of downlink slots, uplink slots, or full-duplex slots (e.g., an SBFD slot or an in-band full-duplex slot). A full-duplex slot may include one or more downlink time / frequency resources and one or more uplink time / frequency resources. A downlink time / frequency resource in the full-duplex slot may be separated (e.g., in time or frequency) from an uplink time / frequency resource in the full-duplex slot by a gap, which may function to reduce self-interference and improve uplink latency and coverage. For example, the gap may be a frequency offset or a frequency gap between downlink time / frequency resources and uplink time / frequency resources in the same full-duplex slot.For example, a network node might be operating in full-duplex mode (i.e., transmitting and receiving simultaneously on the same or different frequency domain resources). The network node might schedule a first UE to receive a downlink communication in a full-duplex slot. The network node might then schedule a second UE to transmit an uplink communication in the same full-duplex slot.

[0092] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a full-duplex 600 slot configuration according to the present disclosure. In some examples, a UE 120 may be configured with a first 602 configuration. In some examples, the first 602 configuration may indicate a first slot format pattern (sometimes Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 263 / 341 41 / 96, called the time division duplex (TDD) pattern, is associated with either a half-duplex or a full-duplex mode. The first slot format pattern may include a number of downlink slots (e.g., three downlink slots 604a, 604b, and 604c, as shown), a number of soft slots (not shown), and / or a number of uplink slots (e.g., one uplink slot 606, as shown). The first slot format pattern may repeat over time. In some examples, a network node 110 may indicate the first slot format pattern for a UE 120 using one or more slot format indicators. A slot format indicator, for a slot, may indicate whether that slot is an uplink slot, a downlink slot, or a soft slot, among other examples.

[0093] Network node 110 can transmit an indication (e.g., an RRC message, a MAC control element (MAC-CE), or DCI) to UE 120 to switch from the first 602 configuration to a second 608 configuration. Alternatively, UE 120 can indicate to network node 110 that UE 120 is switching from the first 602 configuration to the second 608 configuration. The second 608 configuration can indicate a second slot format pattern that repeats over time, similar to the first slot format pattern. In any of the examples described above, UE 120 can switch from the first configuration 602 to the second configuration 608 during a period of time (e.g., a number of symbols and / or a quantity of time) based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with an indication received from network node 110 (e.g., before switching back to the first configuration 602).During this time period, UE 120 can communicate using the second slot format pattern and then can revert to using the first slot format pattern after the time period ends. The time period can be indicated by network node 110 (for example, in the instruction to switch from the first configuration 602 to the second configuration 608, as described above) and / or based on, in. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 264 / 341 42 / 96 response to, or otherwise associated with, a scheduled and / or otherwise pre-configured rule. For example, the rule may be based, at least in part, on a table (e.g., defined in the 3GPP specifications and / or another wireless communication standard) that associates different sub-carrier spacings (SCSs) and / or numerologies (e.g., represented by μ and associated with corresponding SCSs) with corresponding time periods for switching configurations.

[0094] The second slot format pattern may include two SBFD slots in place of what were downlink slots in the first slot format pattern. In example 600, the second slot format pattern includes one downlink slot 610 and one uplink slot 618. In some examples, each SBFD slot includes one partial slot (e.g., a portion or sub-band of a frequency allocated for use by network node 110 and UE 120) for downlink (e.g., partial slots 612a, 612b, 612c, and 612d, as shown) and one partial slot for uplink (e.g., partial slots 614a and 614b, as shown).Consequently, the UE 120 can operate using the second slot format pattern to transmit an uplink communication in a previous slot (e.g., the second slot in sequence, shown as partial uplink (UL) slot 614a) compared to using the first slot format pattern (e.g., the fourth slot in sequence, shown as UL slot 606). Other examples may include additional changes or alternatives. For example, the second configuration 608 may indicate an SBFD slot in place of what was an uplink slot in the first configuration 602 (e.g., UL slot 606). In another example, the second configuration 608 may indicate a downlink slot or an uplink slot in place of what was an SBFD slot in the first configuration 602 (not shown in Figure 6).In yet another example, the second 608 configuration might indicate a downlink slot or an uplink slot instead of what was an uplink slot or a downlink slot, respectively, in the first configuration. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 265 / 341 43 / 96 configuration 602. SBFD slot may refer to a slot in which an SBFD format is used. An SBFD format may include a slot format in which full-duplex communication is supported (e.g., for both uplink and downlink communications), with one or more frequencies used for an uplink portion of the slot that is separated from one or more frequencies used for a downlink portion of the slot by a guard band.

[0095] As used in the present invention, full-duplex time slot may refer to a full-duplex slot, a full-duplex mini-slot (e.g., one or more symbols within a slot associated with full-duplex operation), and / or a full-duplex OFDM symbol, among other examples. Full-duplex may refer to SBFD, in-band full-duplex, and / or other types of full-duplex operation.For example, a full-duplex slot may refer to an SBFD slot, an in-band full-duplex slot, and / or a slot associated with another type of full-duplex operation. For example, a full-duplex time interval may be a time interval during which a network node 110 is operating in full-duplex mode, as described in more detail elsewhere in the present invention.

[0096] In some examples, the SBFD format may include a single uplink portion and a single downlink portion separated by a guard band. In some examples, the SBFD format may include multiple downlink portions and a single uplink portion that is separated from the multiple downlink portions by the respective guard bands (for example, as shown in Figure 6). In some examples, an SBFD format may include multiple uplink portions and a single downlink portion that is separated from the multiple uplink portions by the respective guard bands. In some examples, the SBFD format may include multiple uplink portions and multiple downlink portions, where each uplink portion is separated from a downlink portion by a guard band.In some examples, operation using an SBFD mode may include enabling or using a full-duplex mode in one or more slots based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 266 / 341 44 / 96 one or more slots with the SBFD format. A slot can support SBFD mode if an uplink bandwidth part (BWP) and a downlink BWP can be, or are, simultaneously active in the slot in an SBFD manner (e.g., with guard band separation).

[0097] When switching from the first configuration 602 to the second configuration 608, network node 110 and UE 120 can experience increased communication quality and / or reliability. For example, network node 110 and UE 120 can experience increased throughput (e.g., using a full-duplex mode), reduced latency (e.g., UE 120 may be able to transmit an uplink and / or downlink communication earlier using the second 608 configuration instead of the first 602 configuration), and increased utilization of network resources (e.g., using both downlink BWP and uplink BWP simultaneously instead of just downlink BWP or uplink BWP). Although some aspects are described in the present invention in terms of slot-level granularity, as shown in Figure 6, other granularities may be used, such as sub-slot-level granularity or symbol-level granularity, among other examples.

[0098] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a full-duplex operation 700 on a network node according to the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 7, a network node 110 can be associated with multiple TRPs, shown as a TRP 1 705 and a TRP 2 710. In a first operation 715, the network node 110 can operate in a full-duplex mode. For example, the network node 110 can transmit and receive communications (e.g., through the multiple TRPs) at the same time.

[0099] As described elsewhere in the present invention, network node 110 operating in full-duplex mode may experience self-interference. For example, a downlink transmission from network node 110 may self-interfere with an uplink transmission to network node 110. This may be Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 267 / 341 45 / 96 caused by several factors, such as the higher transmission power for downlink transmission (compared to uplink transmission) and / or radio frequency bleed, among other examples. Therefore, to improve spatial isolation, network node 110 can use TRP 1 705 for downlink signals and the second TRP 2 710 for uplink signals when operating in full-duplex mode. For example, TRP 1 705 and TRP 2 710 can be spatially isolated from each other, thus reducing the probability that a downlink transmission from TRP 1 705 will interfere with an uplink transmission to TRP 2 710 (e.g., when downlink transmission and uplink transmission overlap at least partially in the time domain).For example, improving spatial isolation of the antennas and / or TRPs used by network node 110 during full-duplex operations can reduce self-interference associated with full-duplex operations. Therefore, TRP 1 705 may be unavailable for uplink operations and TRP 2 710 may be unavailable for downlink operations while network node 110 is operating in full-duplex mode.

[0100] As shown in Figure 7, network node 110 can communicate with UE 1 (e.g., UE 120), UE 2 (e.g., UE 120), and UE 3 (e.g., UE 120). UE 1, UE 2, and UE 3 can each be operating in a non-full-duplex mode (e.g., a half-duplex mode).In some cases, a UE (e.g., UE 1, UE 2, and / or UE 3) may experience poor performance for a given communication direction when network node 110 is operating in full-duplex mode due to the unavailability of a given TRP for uplink or downlink communications. For example, a service TRP (e.g., for downlink and uplink) for UE 1 might be TRP 1 705. UE 1 may not support, or be capable of, having multiple active TCI states or beams. If the active TCI state or beam (e.g., for uplink communications) associated with UE 1 is associated with a spatial direction toward TRP 1 705, then UE 1 may be unable to transmit communications from that direction. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 268 / 341 46 / 96 uplink during a full-duplex time interval (e.g., because TRP 1 705 is unavailable for uplink operations and UE 1 is unable to support an additional active beam or a TCI state associated with TRP 2 710). Additionally or alternatively, a link between UE 1 and TRP 2 710 may be associated with poor radio conditions (e.g., a large path loss), resulting in poor uplink communications performance transmitted by UE 1 to TRP 2 710.

[0101] As another example, UE 3 may be associated with poor performance for downlink communications during a full-duplex time interval. For example, a service TRP (e.g., for downlink and uplink) for UE 3 may be TRP 2 710. UE 3 may not support, or be able to, have multiple active TCI states or beams. If the active TCI state or beam (e.g., for downlink communications) associated with UE 3 is associated with a spatial direction towards TRP 2 710, then UE 3 may not receive downlink communications during a full-duplex time interval (e.g., because TRP 2 710 is unavailable for downlink operations and UE 3 is unable to support an additional active beam or TCI state associated with TRP 1 705).Alternatively, a link between UE 3 and TRP 1 705 may be associated with poor radio conditions (e.g., significant path loss), resulting in poor performance of downlink communications transmitted by TRP 1 705 to UE 3.

[0102] For example, EU 1 and / or EU 3 may need to switch states. TCI for uplink and downlink communications during full-duplex time intervals. This is associated with a large signaling overhead associated with network node 110 indicating the new TCI state(s) to be applied by UE 1 and / or UE 3. Additionally, there may be a delay (e.g., associated with an application time and / or a processing time of a TCI state or beam indication) before UE 1 and / or UE 3 can apply the new TCI state(s). As a result, UE 1 and / or UE 3 may Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 269 / 341 47 / 96 being unable to switch to the new TCI state(s) before the next full-duplex time interval and / or before the next scheduled communication.

[0103] In some examples, a UE (e.g., UE 1 or UE 3) may rely on network node 110 to refrain from scheduling communications in a communication direction associated with poor performance during full-duplex time intervals (e.g., UE 1 may rely on network node 110 to refrain from scheduling uplink communications to UE 1, and UE 3 may rely on network node 110 to refrain from scheduling downlink communications to UE 3). However, relying on network node 110 for scheduling determinations may not be feasible or reliable in some situations. For example, some communications may be periodic and / or semi-persistent (e.g., occurring every X slots, symbols, or milliseconds).The periodicity of these communications may not align with the periodicity of the slot format, resulting in some of the periodic and / or semi-persistent communications being scheduled to occur during a full-duplex time interval. Furthermore, a full-duplex slot format can be dynamically configured for a UE, resulting in a periodic and / or semi-persistent communication, which would otherwise occur during a non-full-duplex time interval, being scheduled to occur during a full-duplex time interval.

[0104] As another example, a communication may be associated with one or more repetitions. For example, a PDSCH communication, a PDCCH communication, a PUSCH communication, and / or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) communication may be associated with one or more repetitions. Although the communication may be scheduled during a non-full-duplex time slot, a repetition of the communication may occur during a full-duplex time slot. Attempting to restrict the occurrence of repetitions during full-duplex time slots may be associated with a high level of complexity and / or may restrict the flexibility in scheduling a communication that is associated with repetitions. As another example, a single DCI communication may schedule multiple communications (e.g., it may Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 270 / 341 48 / 96 scheduling different transport blocks). Although one or more of the multiple communications may be scheduled during a non-full-duplex time slot, one or more other communications may occur during a full-duplex time slot. Attempting to restrict the occurrence of scheduled communications by a single DCI communication during full-duplex time slots may be associated with a high level of complexity and / or may restrict the flexibility in scheduling multiple communications with the single DCI communication.

[0105] An UE may not be aware of the communication direction that may be associated with poor UE performance during full-duplex time slots. Therefore, if the communication direction of a scheduled communication (e.g., a periodic communication, a repeat communication, a communication of multiple communications scheduled by a single DCI, or another communication) is associated with poor UE performance during full-duplex time slots, then the UE and / or communication performance may be affected. For example, the UE may consume resources (e.g., power resources, processing resources, and / or network resources) attempting to transmit or receive a communication (e.g., associated with a specific communication direction) to or from an antenna and / or a TRP of network node 110 that is unavailable for the specific communication direction during full-duplex time slots.

[0106] Several aspects generally relate to a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time slots. Some aspects relate more specifically to the definition, for a UE, of a permitted and / or a non-permitted communication direction for full-duplex time slots (e.g., for slots and / or symbols associated with full-duplex operations). In some aspects, a network node may transmit to a UE an indication of a communication direction (and / or a channel and / or a reference signal) that is disabled or should be discarded (e.g., not received or transmitted) during slots or symbols that are associated with full-duplex operations on the network node. The UE may transmit or receive communications, during a full-duplex time slot, that Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 271 / 341 49 / 96 are in a permitted communication direction (i.e., they are not in a non-permitted communication direction). In some respects, the EU may refrain from transmitting or receiving (i.e., it may discard) a communication, during a full-duplex time interval, that is in a non-permitted communication direction.

[0107] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some instances, the techniques described may be used to clarify how full-duplex time slots should be used by the UE when the network node is operating in a full-duplex mode (e.g., using non-co-located antennas and / or TRPs). For example, the UE, during full-duplex time slots, may transmit or receive communications in an allowed communication direction and / or may discard communications in a disallowed communication direction.This can conserve UE resources (e.g., power resources, processing resources, and / or network resources) that would otherwise have been used in attempting to transmit or receive communication in the non-permitted communication direction (e.g., to or from an antenna and / or a TRP of the network node that is unavailable for the non-permitted communication direction during full-duplex time intervals).

[0108] In some respects, a feedback operation for dropped communications associated with the non-permitted communication direction can be defined. For example, when the UE does not receive a downlink communication (e.g., due to the downlink being the non-permitted communication direction), the UE can refrain from transmitting HARQ feedback for the downlink communication. The UE can therefore, for example, conserve power resources, processing resources, and / or network resources that would otherwise have been used by the UE transmitting HARQ feedback for the downlink communication that the network node already knows was not transmitted to the UE.

[0109] In some respects, the indication of the direction of communication not permitted may be associated with a given CORESET clustering index value. By Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 272 / 341 In a 50 / 96 example, the network node can transmit, and the UE can receive, an indication that communications associated with a given communication direction and a given CORESET clustering index value are not allowed, are disabled, and / or should be dropped during full-duplex time slots. This can enable enhanced control and / or flexibility to indicate disallowed communication directions (and / or allowed communication directions) in multi-TRP and / or multi-DCI scenarios. In some examples, instead of indicating that the downlink or uplink is disabled for full-duplex time slots, the network node can transmit and the UE can receive an indication of one or more disallowed channels and / or one or more disallowed signal types for full-duplex time slots.This can provide additional flexibility for the network node to allow certain communications (e.g., higher priority communications) that would otherwise be a completely disallowed communication direction.

[0110] Figure 8 is a diagram of an example associated with 800 operations associated with a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time intervals according to this disclosure. As shown in Figure 8, one or more 110 network nodes (e.g., a base station, a CU, a DU, and / or a RU) can communicate with a 120 UE. In some respects, the 110 network node and the 120 UE may be part of a wireless network (e.g., the 100 wireless network). The 120 UE and the 110 network node may have established a wireless connection prior to the operations shown in Figure 8. In some respects, the 110 network node may be associated with two or more TRPs, antennas, and / or antenna panels. The two or more TRPs, antennas, and / or antenna panels may not be co-located (e.g., they may be located in different physical locations and / or may be separated by a distance).

[0111] In a first 805 operation, UE 120 can transmit, and the network node EU 110 can receive a capacity report. EU 120 can transmit the capacity report via EU capacity signaling, an EU assistance information communication (UAI), a Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 273 / 341 51 / 96 uplink control information communication, an RRC communication, a PUSCH and / or a PUCCH, among other examples. The capability report may indicate UE support for one or more operations described in the present invention. For example, the capability report may indicate whether UE 120 supports receiving an indication of a non-permitted communication direction (and / or a permitted communication direction) for full-duplex time intervals.

[0112] In some respects, the capability report may indicate whether the UE 120 supports receiving an indication of one or more full-duplex time slots, as described in more detail elsewhere in the present invention. For example, the capability report may indicate whether the UE 120 supports the identification of a slot pattern (e.g., a slot format pattern) for full-duplex slots and / or symbols. In some respects, the capability report may indicate whether the UE 120 supports selectively transmitting or receiving communications based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with a non-permitted communication direction indicated during full-duplex time slots. The capability report may indicate whether the UE 120 supports multiple active TCI states and / or multiple active beams.For example, the UE 120 can be configured to perform one or more operations described in the present invention in response to, based on, or otherwise associated with the capability report indicating that the UE 120 does not support multiple active TCI states and / or multiple active beams.

[0113] As used in the present invention, selectively performing an operation means performing the operation or refraining from performing the operation. For example, selectively performing an operation based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with whether a condition is met means that the operation is performed if the condition is met and that the operation is not performed if the condition is not met (or vice versa). Thus, selectively performing an operation may include determining whether the operation should be performed and then performing the operation or refraining from performing the operation based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with that determination. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 274 / 341 52 / 96

[0114] As used in the present invention, selectively performing a first operation or a second operation means performing the first operation or the second operation. For example, selectively performing a first operation or a second operation based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with whether a condition is met means that the first operation is performed if the condition is met and the second operation is performed if the condition is not met (or vice versa). Thus, selectively performing a first operation or a second operation may include determining whether to perform the first operation or the second operation and then performing the first operation or the second operation based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with that determination.

[0115] As used in the present invention, full-duplex may refer to SBFD, in-band full-duplex (e.g., with partially or fully overlapping frequency domain features) and / or other full-duplex type or mode. Time interval may refer to a slot, an OFDM symbol, a mini-slot (e.g., one or more symbols within a slot) and / or other time interval. For example, full-duplex time interval may refer to an SBFD slot, an SBFD symbol, an in-band full-duplex slot and / or an in-band full-duplex symbol, among other examples.

[0116] Network node 110 can configure UE 120 according to the capacity report. For example, network node 110 can configure, or trigger, UE 120 to perform one or more operations based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with the capacity report indicating that UE 120 supports the one or more operations. For example, network node 110 can indicate a communication direction not allowed for full-duplex slots based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with the capacity report indicating that UE 120 supports such indications and / or indicating that UE 120 supports identifying full-duplex time slots.

[0117] In a second operation 810, network node 110 can transmit, and the The UE 120 can receive configuration information. In some respects, the UE 120 can receive configuration information through one or more of these means. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 275 / 341 53 / 96 system information signaling, RRC signaling, one or more MAC-CEs and / or DCIs, among other examples. In some respects, configuration information may include an indication of one or more configuration parameters for selection by the UE 120 and / or explicit configuration information for the UE 120 to use to configure itself, among other examples.

[0118] In some respects, the configuration information may indicate that the UE 120 should receive an indication of a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time slots. A full-duplex time slot may be a time slot during which a network node 110 is operating in a full-duplex mode, as described in more detail elsewhere in the present invention. A communication direction not permitted may be a communication direction (e.g., uplink or downlink) for which the UE 120 should discard communications. As used in the present invention, discarding a communication, or dropping a communication, may refer to a device (e.g., the UE 120) refraining from transmitting or receiving communication.In some respects, the configuration information may indicate that UE 120 should discard communications associated with the disallowed communication direction that overlap, at least partially, in the time domain, with a full-duplex time interval. In some respects, the configuration information may indicate that UE 120 should discard communications associated with the disallowed communication direction that are entirely contained, in the time domain, within a full-duplex time interval.

[0119] In some respects, the configuration information may indicate that one or more full-duplex time slots should be used by network node 110 and / or UE 120. For example, the configuration information may indicate that full-duplex operations are enabled for network node 110. Full-duplex operations performed by network node 110 may include sub-band full-duplex operations and / or in-band full-duplex operations (e.g., associated with partially or fully overlapping frequency domain resources). For example, the node of Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 276 / 341 A 54 / 96 110 network can use a first TRP and / or a first antenna panel to receive uplink signals while simultaneously using a second TRP and / or a second antenna panel to transmit downlink signals.

[0120] In some respects, the configuration information may include an indication of one or more full-duplex time intervals. For example, the configuration information may indicate a pattern of time intervals associated with full-duplex operations on network node 110. For example, the configuration information may indicate one or more time intervals during which network node 110 is operating in full-duplex mode. For example, the configuration information may indicate a slot pattern. For example, the configuration information may include a TDD configuration. The slot pattern may indicate a duplex type or duplex mode for the respective slots. For example, the slot pattern may indicate a pattern of uplink slots, downlink slots, and / or full-duplex slots (e.g., sub-band full-duplex slots).

[0121] In some respects, the configuration information may include an indication of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time slots. For example, the indication of the non-permitted communication direction may be associated with uplink signals and channels or downlink signals and channels that are not permitted for one or more full-duplex time slots. The non-permitted communication direction may be uplink or downlink. For example, the non-permitted communication direction may be associated with downlink channels and / or signals or uplink channels and / or signals that are disabled or dropped during full-duplex time slots.

[0122] In some respects, the indication of the prohibited communication direction may be an explicit indication. For example, the indication of the prohibited communication direction may include an indication of a communication direction (e.g., uplink or downlink) that should not be used by UE 120 during full-duplex time intervals. As another example, the indication of Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 277 / 341 55 / 96 The indication of a non-permitted communication direction may be an implicit indication. For example, the indication of a non-permitted communication direction may include an indication of a permitted communication direction for full-duplex time slots. Due to the fact that there can only be two communication directions associated with network node 110 (e.g., uplink or downlink), UE 120 may determine the non-permitted communication direction based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with the indication of the permitted communication direction. For example, if the indicated permitted communication direction is uplink, then UE 120 may determine that the non-permitted communication direction for full-duplex time slots is downlink. If the indicated permitted communication direction is downlink, then UE 120 may determine that the non-permitted communication direction for full-duplex time slots is uplink.In examples where the indication of the prohibited communication direction is explicitly stated, the UE 120 can determine the permitted communication direction for full-duplex time intervals in a similar manner. The indication of the prohibited communication direction is described in more detail elsewhere in the present invention.

[0123] In some respects, configuration information may indicate one or more TCI states. For example, configuration information may indicate, for a given TCI state, (e.g., through a TCI state information element) a TCI state identifier (such as a tciStatelD), a QCL type (such as a qcl-Type1, a qcl-Type2, a qcl-TypeA, a qcl-TypeB, a qcl-TypeC, or a qcl-TypeD), a cell identifier (such as a ServCelllndex), a bandwidth portion identifier (such as a bwp-Id), and / or a reference signal identifier (such as an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId or an SSB-Index), among other examples. One or more TCI states may include a unified TCI state (for example, an uplink TCI state and a downlink TCI state or a joint uplink and downlink TCI state).For example, a TCI state can indicate a directionality or a characteristic of a beam, such as a directional or angular frequency. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 278 / 341 56 / 96 plus quasi-colocalization (QCL) properties of the downlink beam. A QCL property may include, for example, a Doppler shift, a Doppler spread, an average delay, a delay spread, or spatial reception parameters, among other examples. For example, UE 120 may receive an indication (e.g., a beam indication, a MACCE communication, and / or a DCI communication) to use a TCI state (e.g., a unified TCI state) for a given TRP from network node 110.

[0124] The UE 120 can be configured based, at least in part, on the configuration information. In some respects, the UE 120 can be configured to perform one or more operations described in the present invention based, at least in part, on the configuration information.

[0125] In a third operation 815, network node 110 can transmit, and the UE 120 can receive an indication of one or more full-duplex time slots. In some respects, the third operation 815 can be performed as part of the second operation 810 (for example, the indication of one or more full-duplex time slots can be included in the configuration information, as described above). In other instances, the third operation 815 and the second operation 810 can be separate operations. In some respects, UE 120 can receive a TDD pattern indicating a slot format pattern. The slot pattern can indicate one or more full-duplex slots. The slot format pattern can repeat over time. For example, UE 120 can receive the indication of one or more full-duplex time slots through a slot format pattern in a similar manner as described in relation to Figure 6.A slot is described above as an example of a time interval, and UE 120 can receive an indication of other full-duplex time intervals in a similar manner.

[0126] In some respects, network node 110 can transmit, and UE 120 can receive, an indication to switch to a slot format standard that includes full-duplex slots. For example, network node 110 can transmit, and UE 120 can receive, a communication (e.g., an RRC communication, a communication of Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 279 / 341 57 / 96 MAC-CE and / or DCI communication indicates that UE 120 should switch from a first slot format pattern (e.g., one that does not include full-duplex slots) to a second slot format pattern (e.g., one that includes full-duplex slots). UE 120 can identify one or more full-duplex time slots based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with the pattern (e.g., the slot format pattern). In other words, UE 120 can identify one or more time slots during which network node 110 is operating in full-duplex mode.

[0127] In some respects, network node 110 may determine a non-permitted communication direction (and / or channel(s) or signal type(s)) for full-duplex time slots for UE 120. For example, network node 110 may determine a service TRP (or TRP) associated with UE 120. The service TRP(s) may be TRP(s) that UE 120 is using to communicate with network node 110.Network node 110 can determine the communication directions to be used for the respective TRPs when network node 110 is operating in full-duplex mode. For example, network node 110 may be associated with a first TRP and a second TRP. Network node 110 can determine that, when operating in full-duplex mode, the first TRP should be used for uplink and the second TRP should be used for downlink. Network node 110 can determine that the UE 120 service TRP is the first TRP. Additionally, network node 110 may determine that UE 120 is not capable of supporting multiple active TCI states (for example, as indicated by the capacity report transmitted by UE 120 in the first 805 operation) and / or that a communication parameter (for example, an RSRP, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or another parameter) of a link between UE 120 and the second TRP does not meet a threshold.Therefore, network node 110 can determine that UE 120 is not capable of receiving downlink communications from the second TRP and / or that a link between UE 120 and the second TRP is not suitable for downlink transmissions. Therefore, network node 110 can determine that downlinking is not permitted for UE 120 during full-duplex time slots (e.g., and UE 120 can be enabled). Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 280 / 341 58 / 96 to continue transmitting uplink communications for the first TRP).

[0128] In some respects, such as in multi-TRP scenarios, network node 110 may determine a communication direction that is not permitted for the respective TRPs. For example, network node 110 may determine that the downlink should be disabled for the first TRP and that the uplink should be disabled for the second TRP during full-duplex time intervals. Network node 110 may indicate, as described in more detail elsewhere in the present invention, a communication direction that is disabled for the respective CORESET clustering index values ​​to disable the communication direction for the respective TRPs during full-duplex time intervals.

[0129] In a fourth operation 820, network node 110 can transmit, and the UE UE120 may receive an indication of a non-permitted communication direction associated with full-duplex time slots. The indication of the non-permitted communication direction may be included in a higher-layer parameter (e.g., an RRC parameter or a MAC parameter) received by UE120. In some respects, the indication of the non-permitted communication direction may be communicated via RRC signaling, MAC-CE signaling, DCI signaling, or another type of signaling.

[0130] The indication of the prohibited communication direction may be associated with uplink signals and channels or downlink signals and channels that are not permitted for one or more full-duplex time intervals. That is, the prohibited communication direction may be an uplink direction (e.g., uplink signals and channels) or a downlink direction (e.g., downlink signals and channels), and the indication of the prohibited communication direction may indicate the prohibited communication direction. As described elsewhere in the present invention, the indication of the prohibited communication direction may be an explicit indication or an implicit indication. For example, the indication of the prohibited communication direction may include an indication of a direction of Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 281 / 341 59 / 96 communication (e.g., uplink or downlink) that should not be used by UE 120 during full-duplex time slots. As another example, the indication of a non-permitted communication direction may include an indication of a permitted communication direction for full-duplex time slots.

[0131] In some respects, the non-permitted communication direction may apply to all channels and / or signal types associated with the non-permitted communication direction. For example, UE 120 may drop all communications and / or signals in the non-permitted communication direction during full-duplex time intervals. In other respects, the non-permitted communication direction may apply to certain channels and / or signal types. For example, one or more channels and / or signal types associated with the communication direction may be disabled or dropped during full-duplex time intervals. In some respects, network node 110 may transmit, and UE 120 may receive, an indication of one or more channels and / or signal types that are associated with the non-permitted communication direction.

[0132] In some respects, the indication of the non-permitted communication direction may be an indication of one or more channels and / or one or more signal types that are not permitted for full-duplex time slots. For example, instead of indicating that the downlink or uplink is disabled for full-duplex time slots, network node 110 may transmit and UE 120 may receive an indication of one or more non-permitted channels and / or one or more signal types that are not permitted for full-duplex time slots. This may provide additional flexibility for network node 110 to permit some communications (e.g., higher priority communications) in what would otherwise be a completely non-permitted communication direction.For example, UE 120 can transmit a higher priority communication (e.g., in the direction of communication otherwise not permitted), and network node 110 (e.g., a TRP from network node 110) can perform interference mitigation to receive the higher priority communication.

[0133] In some respects, network node 110 can transmit, and UE 120 can Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 282 / 341 60 / 96 receive, an indication that one or more channels and / or signal types, in the non-permitted communication direction, should be disabled or discarded by UE 120 during full-duplex time intervals. For example, the one or more channels may include a PUSCH or a PUCCH (e.g., if the non-permitted communication direction is uplink). As another example, the one or more channels may include a PDSCH or a PDCCH (e.g., if the non-permitted communication direction is downlink).

[0134] One or more signal types may include semi-persistent and / or periodic signals. For example, one or more signal types may include semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) signals, configured grant (CG) signals, semi-persistent and / or periodic polling reference signals (SRSs), semi-persistent and / or periodic channel status information (CSI) communicated via PUCCH, and / or semi-persistent and / or periodic CSI reference signals (CSI-RSs), among other examples. Additionally or alternatively, one or more signal types may include repeats. For example, repeats of PDSCH communications, PDCCH communications, PUCCH communications, and / or PUSCH communications in the non-permitted communication direction may be disabled or dropped during full-duplex time intervals.For example, semi-persistent and / or periodic signals or repetitions may be discarded because communications may be transmitted to UE120 again at a later time and / or may have already been transmitted to UE120. Therefore, these signal types may be more tolerant of being discarded on a given occasion due to the fact that the same communication may be transmitted to UE120 on another occasion. Additionally or alternatively, one or more signal types may include signals associated with a communication that is scheduled by a single DCI communication scheduling multiple communications. For example, one or more signal types may include signals associated with PDSCH signals or PUSCH signals that are scheduled by a DCI scheduling multiple PDSCH signals or PUSCH signals. The channels and signal types described are provided as examples. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 283 / 341 61 / 96 Other channels and / or signal types may be disabled for the direction of communication not permitted in a manner similar to that described in the present invention.

[0135] In some respects, the indication of the non-permitted communication direction may include an indication of a CORESET grouping index value associated with the indication of the non-permitted communication direction. For example, channels and / or signals associated with a given CORESET grouping index value may be disabled or dropped in the non-permitted communication direction during full-duplex time intervals.For example, the indication of the direction of communication not permitted may include an indication that downlink channels and / or signals associated with a CORESET 0 grouping index are disabled or not permitted, uplink channels and / or signals associated with a CORESET 0 grouping index are disabled or not permitted, downlink channels and / or signals associated with a CORESET 1 grouping index are disabled or not permitted, and / or uplink channels and / or signals associated with a CORESET 1 grouping index are disabled or not permitted, among other examples. For example, if two TRPs of network node 110 are used for full-duplex operations, then during full-duplex time intervals, uplink transmission for one of the TRPs and downlink transmissions from the other TRP may not be possible or permitted.Therefore, multi-DCI multi-TRP operations may not be possible during full-duplex time intervals. Network node 110 may indicate the disallowed communication direction by CORESET cluster index value to indicate which TRP should be associated with which communication direction.

[0136] For example, UE 120 may be communicating over multiple. TRPs (for example, a TRP 1 and a TRP 2) during non-full-duplex time intervals (for example, communicating using multiple TCI states corresponding to the respective TRPs). TRP 1 may be associated with a first CORESET clustering index value and TRP 2 may be associated with a second CORESET clustering index value. In some respects, network node 110 may Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 284 / 341 Network node 62 / 96 may transmit, and UE 120 may receive, an indication of a first communication direction not permitted for communications associated with a first CORESET grouping index value and an indication of a second communication direction not permitted for communications associated with a second CORESET grouping index value. For example, network node 110 may use TRP 1 for uplink operations and TRP 2 for downlink operations when operating in full-duplex mode. Therefore, the indication of the communication direction not permitted may indicate that downlinking is not permitted for the first CORESET grouping index value (e.g., for TRP 1) and / or that uplinking is not permitted for the second CORESET grouping index value (e.g., for TRP 2).This can provide additional flexibility for network node 110 to indicate which TRPs are associated with which communication directions during full-duplex time intervals, in scenarios where network node 110 is communicating using multi-TRP operations.

[0137] In some respects, the indication of the disallowed communication direction may include an indication of a TCI state associated with a full-duplex operating state and the disallowed communication direction where the TCI state indicates that the disallowed communication direction is not permitted for one or more full-duplex time slots. For example, UE 120 may support TCI states associated with different duplex states of network node 110. For example, a TCI state may include an indication of an associated duplex type or duplex mode. UE 120 may apply the TCI status during time slots associated with the duplex type or duplex mode that is associated with the TCI status. For example, UE 120 may apply a full-duplex TCI state during full-duplex time slots and may apply a non-full-duplex TCI state during non-full-duplex time slots.This can reduce signaling overhead associated with switching from a TCI state used by UE120 when the network node changes duplex states or duplex types. In some instances, this reduces the amount of time associated with switching UE120 to the TCI state. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 285 / 341 The 63 / 96 associated with a given duplex state or duplex type can be reduced because processing time associated with receiving a beam indication (e.g., receiving a TCI state indication) can be reduced or eliminated. Configuring a TCI state to be associated with a given duplex state or duplex type (e.g., full-duplex or half-duplex) can reduce self-interference at network node 110, enabling the network node to use spatially isolated antennas and / or TRPs for the respective communication directions, while also reducing signaling overhead associated with the network node indicating to UE 120 to use the TCI state that enables spatial isolation.

[0138] In some respects, network node 110 may transmit, and UE 120 may receive, a communication (e.g., a MAC-CE communication and / or a DCI communication) that activates a TCI state associated with full-duplex. The TCI state may be associated with a communication direction (e.g., uplink or downlink). The TCI state may include an indication that the communication direction is not permitted for one or more full-duplex time slots. For example, the TCI status may include a null indication or a disable indication. In other words, the TCI state may include a flag or other indication that indicates that the TCI state should not be used for communications (e.g., thus indicating that the communication direction associated with the TCI state is disabled or not permitted for full-duplex time slots).For example, network node 110 can transmit, and UE 120 can receive, an indication of a first unified TCI state (e.g., a downlink TCI state 1 and an uplink TCI state 1) associated with non-full-duplex time slots. Network node 110 can transmit, and UE 120 can receive, an indication of a second unified TCI state with full-duplex time slots. The second unified TCI state can include a null TCI state for a given communication direction, indicating that the communication direction is disabled for full-duplex time slots. For example, the second unified TCI state can include the downlink TCI state. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 286 / 341 64 / 96 and a null uplink TCI state, indicating that uplink is not allowed or is disabled for full-duplex time slots.

[0139] In some respects, the TCI state associated with full-duplex may be associated with a given CORESET grouping index value. For example, network node 110 may transmit, and UE 120 may receive, an indication of a null TCI state (e.g., that which is associated with full-duplex time slots) associated with a given communication direction and associated with a given CORESET grouping index value. For example, for a first CORESET grouping index value, a beam indication may indicate that a first unified TCI state (e.g., a downlink TCI state 1 and an uplink TCI state 1) should be used for non-full-duplex time slots and that a second unified TCI state (e.g., downlink TCI state 1 and a null uplink TCI state) should be used for full-duplex time slots.For a second CORESET clustering index value, a beam indication may indicate that a third unified TCI state (e.g., a downlink TCI state 2 and an uplink TCI state 2) should be used for non-full-duplex time slots and that a fourth unified TCI state (e.g., a null downlink TCI state and an uplink TCI state 2) should be used for full-duplex time slots. This may indicate that, during full-duplex time slots, the uplink is disabled or not allowed for a first TRP associated with the first CORESET clustering index value and that the downlink is disabled or not allowed for a second TRP associated with the second CORESET clustering index value.

[0140] In a fifth operation 825, UE 120 can determine that a current time slot is a full-duplex time slot. For example, based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with the indication of one or more full-duplex time slots (e.g., received by UE 120 as part of the second operation 810 and / or the third operation 815), UE 120 can Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 287 / 341 65 / 96 determine that the current time slot is associated with full-duplex. For example, UE 120 may determine that the current time slot is a full-duplex slot, a sub-band full-duplex slot, or another full-duplex time slot.

[0141] In a sixth 830 operation, UE 120 and network node 110 may communicate via an allowed communication direction during the current time slot (e.g., during a full-duplex time slot). UE 120 may determine the allowed communication direction based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with the indication of the disallowed communication direction (e.g., received by UE 120 as part of the second 810 operation and / or the fourth 820 operation). For example, the indication of the disallowed communication direction may include an explicit indication of the allowed communication direction.In some other respects, UE 120 may determine the permitted communication direction based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with the non-permitted communication direction (for example, if the non-permitted communication direction is downlink, then UE 120 may determine that the permitted communication direction is uplink or vice versa). UE 120 may transmit or receive, during the current time interval (for example, during a full-duplex time interval), a communication in accordance with the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction (for example, based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with the communication that is in the permitted communication direction).

[0142] In some respects, UE 120 can determine whether a channel and / or a signal type associated with a communication is permitted for full-duplex time slots. For example, the indication of a non-permitted communication direction may indicate one or more channels and / or one or more signal types that are not permitted or are disabled for full-duplex time slots. UE 120 may transmit or receive, during the current time slot (e.g., during a full-duplex time slot), a communication that is associated with a channel and / or a signal type that is not permitted. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 288 / 341 66 / 96 is enabled or disabled for full-duplex time slots.

[0143] In a seventh 835 operation, the UE 120 may discard, during the current time interval (e.g., during a full-duplex time interval), a communication in accordance with the communication that is in the non-permitted communication direction. For example, the UE 120 may identify a communication that is scheduled or configured to occur during the full-duplex time interval. The UE 120 may refrain from transmitting (e.g., if the non-permitted communication direction is uplink) or refrain from receiving (e.g., if the non-permitted communication direction is downlink) the communication based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with the communication that is in the non-permitted communication direction.Alternatively, or in addition, UE 120 may discard, during the current time interval (e.g., during a full-duplex time interval), a communication associated with a disallowed channel and / or a disallowed signal type. Similarly, network node 110 may discard, during the current time interval (e.g., during a full-duplex time interval), a communication in the direction of disallowed communication. For example, network node 110 may identify a communication that is scheduled or configured to occur during the full-duplex time interval.Network node 110 may refrain from transmitting (for example, if the disallowed communication direction is downlink) or from receiving (for example, if the disallowed communication direction is uplink) communication based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with communication that is in the disallowed communication direction.

[0144] In some respects, a feedback operation for communications (e.g., downlink communications or PDSCH communications) that are dropped by UE 120 according to the communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time slots. The feedback operation can be specified and / or configured as part of the second operation 810. For example, UE 120 can support codebook transmissions of repeat request feedback. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 289 / 341 67 / 96 Hybrid Automatic (HARQ). A HARQ feedback codebook transmission may include a feedback message that UE 120 must transmit to network node 110 to provide feedback on, for example, downlink data transmissions (e.g., transmissions associated with a PDSCH).

[0145] The UE can be configured with different types of codebooks, such as a HARQ Type 1 acknowledgment codebook or a HARQ Type 2 ACK codebook. The HARQ Type 1 ACK codebook can be called a semi-static HARQ ACK codebook. For example, the HARQ Type 1 ACK codebook can be associated with a fixed or static size (e.g., which is configured by network node 110). The HARQ Type 2 ACK codebook can be associated with a dynamic size (e.g., where the size of the HARQ Type 2 ACK codebook is based, at least in part, on, or otherwise associated with, the schedule received by UE 120).Typically, if the UE 120 is configured to transmit a Type 1 HARQ ACK codebook, the UE 120 can collect feedback for PDSCH communications that are attempted to be received through the UE 120 during a feedback window (e.g., k slots) and can transmit the Type 1 HARQ ACK codebook indicating feedback (e.g., ACK / NACK feedback) associated with the PDSCH communications that are attempted to be received through the UE 120 during the feedback window.

[0146] In some respects, UE 120 may refrain from transmitting a HARQ feedback indication associated with a downlink communication that is dropped according to the non-permitted communication direction (e.g., that is dropped as part of the seventh operation 835). For example, UE 120 may not report HARQ-ACK for downlink communication (e.g., for PDSCH). In instances where UE 120 is configured to transmit a Type 1 HARQ codebook ACK, UE 120 may exclude a candidate PDSCH occasion from the Type 1 HARQ codebook ACK that is associated with the full-duplex time slot. For example, UE 120 may transmit, and network node 110 may receive, a Type 1 HARQ codebook that is associated with a set of downlink occasions (e.g., a Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 290 / 341 68 / 96 set of candidate PDSCH occasions) including a downlink occasion corresponding to the downlink communication. The HARQ Type 1 codebook may not include an indication for the downlink occasion corresponding to the discarded downlink communication. For example, a candidate PDSCH occasion from a time domain resource assignment (TDRA) row that overlaps with full-duplex time-slot time domain resources may be excluded (i.e., not included) from the HARQ Type 1 codebook.In instances where the disallowed communication direction is also associated with a CORESET collation index value, UE 120 may exclude a candidate PDSCH instance, associated with the CORESET collation index value, from a TDRA row that overlaps the time-domain resources of the full-duplex time slot in a Type 1 HARQ codebook for the CORESET collation index value. This can reduce the size of the Type 1 HARQ codebook, thus conserving network resources associated with transmitting the Type 1 HARQ codebook. Network node 110 may determine that downlink communication was not successfully received by UE 120 based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with downlink communication that is scheduled or configured to occur during a full-duplex time slot and based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with the disallowed communication direction for UE 120.

[0147] In other respects, UE 120 may transmit, and network node 110 may receive, a HARQ feedback indication for a downlink communication that is dropped according to the non-permitted communication direction (e.g., that is dropped as part of the seventh operation 835). For example, UE 120 may transmit a negative ACK indication (NACK negative ACK) for the downlink communication (e.g., in a HARQ Type 1 codebook or another type of feedback communication). This may indicate to network node 110 that the downlink communication was not Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 291 / 341 69 / 96 was successfully received by UE 120. Therefore, network node 110 can schedule another downlink communication transmission to ensure that UE 120 receives the downlink communication, thus improving the reliability of downlink communications that are dropped according to the non-permitted communication direction.

[0148] Figure 9 is a diagram of an example associated with a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time slots according to the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 9, a UE 1 (e.g., a UE 120) and a UE 2 (e.g., a UE 120) can be configured with, or can receive an indication of, time slots (e.g., slots or symbols) associated with different duplex types. For example, some time slots may be non-full-duplex time slots (e.g., downlink time slots or uplink time slots). Other time slots may be full-duplex time slots (e.g., a sub-band full-duplex time slot). The UE 1 and / or the UE 2 can receive the indication of the different time slot types in a manner similar to that described in more detail elsewhere in the present invention, such as in connection with the second operation 810 and / or the third operation 815.

[0149] As an example, a network node 110 may be associated with multiple TRPs, shown as TRP 1 and TRP 2. As described elsewhere in the present invention, when operating in full-duplex mode, network node 110 can use TRP 1 for downlink operations and can use TRP 2 for uplink operations. As shown in Figure 9, UE 1 can communicate with network node 110 via TRP 1. For example, UE 1 can communicate uplink signals (e.g., during the uplink time interval) and downlink signals (e.g., during the downlink time interval) via TRP 1. Similarly, UE 2 can communicate with network node 110 via TRP 2. For example, UE 2 can communicate uplink signals (e.g., during the downlink time interval) Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 292 / 341 70 / 96 uplink) and downlink signals (e.g., during the downlink time interval) through TRP 2. In other words, TRP 1 can be a service TRP for UE 1 and TRP 2 can be a service TRP for UE 2. For example, UE 1 can use a TCI state (e.g., a downlink TCI state, an uplink TCI state, and / or a combined uplink and downlink TCI state) that is associated with a spatial direction toward TRP 1 to transmit and / or receive signals. Similarly, UE 2 can use a TCI state (for example, a downlink TCI state, an uplink TCI state, and / or a combined uplink and downlink TCI state) that is associated with a spatial direction toward TRP 2 to transmit and / or receive signals.

[0150] In a first operation 905, the uplink may be disabled for UE 1 and the downlink may be disabled for UE 2 for full-duplex time slots. For example, UE 1 may receive an indication that the uplink is a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time slots (e.g., similarly to that described elsewhere in the present invention). For example, due to the fact that TRP 1 is the service TRP of UE 1 and due to the fact that network node 110 uses TRP 1 for downlink operations (e.g., only downlink operations) when operating in a full-duplex mode, network node 110 may transmit, and UE 1 may receive, an indication that the uplink channels and / or signals are disabled or not permitted for full-duplex time slots.

[0151] Additionally, UE 2 can receive an indication that the downlink is a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time intervals (for example, similarly to that described elsewhere in the present invention). For example, due to the fact that TRP 2 is the service TRP of UE 2 and due to the fact that network node 110 uses TRP 2 for uplink operations (for example, only uplink operations) when operating in full-duplex mode, network node 110 can transmit, and UE 2 can Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 293 / 341 71 / 96 receive, an indication that downlink channels and / or signals are disabled or not allowed for full-duplex time slots.

[0152] For example, as shown in Figure 9, UE 1 can receive downlink communications and can drop uplink communications during the full-duplex time slot. UE 2 can transmit uplink communications and can drop downlink communications during the full-duplex time slot. This can ensure that UE 1 does not consume resources (e.g., processing resources, battery resources, and / or network resources) associated with transmitting uplink communications to TRP 1 when TRP 1 is being used only for downlink operations by network node 110.Similarly, this can ensure that UE 2 does not consume resources (e.g., processing resources, battery resources, and / or network resources) associated with attempting to receive downlink communications (e.g., monitoring downlink communications) from TRP 2 when TRP 2 is being used only for uplink operations by network node 110.

[0153] Figure 10 is a diagram of an example associated with a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time slots according to the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 10, a UE 1 (e.g., a UE 120) can be configured with, or can receive an indication of, time slots (e.g., slots or symbols) associated with different duplex types. For example, some time slots may be non-full-duplex time slots (e.g., downlink time slots or uplink time slots). Other time slots may be full-duplex time slots (e.g., a sub-band full-duplex time slot). The UE 1 can receive the indication of the different time slot types in a manner similar to that described in more detail elsewhere in the present invention, such as in connection with the second operation 810 and / or the third operation 815.

[0154] As an example, a network node 110 may be associated with multiple Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 294 / 341 72 / 96 TRPs, shown as TRP 1 and TRP 2. As described elsewhere in the present invention, when operating in full-duplex mode, network node 110 can use TRP 1 for downlink operations and can use TRP 2 for uplink operations. As shown in Figure 10, UE 1 can communicate using multi-TRP operation. For example, UE 1 can receive downlink communications from both TRP 1 and TRP 2 during downlink time slots. UE 1 can transmit uplink communications to both TRP 1 and TRP 2 during uplink time slots.

[0155] In a first operation 1005, the uplink may be disabled for a CORESET grouping index and / or TCI state associated with TRP 1 and the downlink may be disabled for a CORESET grouping index and / or TCI state associated with TRP 2 for full-duplex time intervals. For example, UE 1 may receive an indication that the uplink is disabled for a first CORESET grouping index value and / or for a first TCI state (e.g., that is associated with TRP 1) for full-duplex time intervals (e.g., similarly to that described elsewhere in the present invention).For example, since network node 110 uses TRP 1 for downlink operations (i.e., downlink operations only) when operating in full-duplex mode, network node 110 can transmit and UE 1 can receive an indication that uplink channels and / or signals are disabled or not allowed for full-duplex time slots for TRP 1 (e.g., by indicating the first CORESET clustering index value and / or by indicating a null uplink TCI state associated with TRP 1).

[0156] Similarly, UE 1 may receive an indication that the downlink is disabled for a second CORESET cluster index value and / or for a second TCI state (e.g., that is associated with TRP 2) for full-duplex time intervals (e.g., mode Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 295 / 341 73 / 96 similar to that described elsewhere in the present invention). For example, due to the fact that network node 110 uses TRP 2 for uplink operations (e.g., uplink operations only) when operating in full-duplex mode, network node 110 can transmit, and UE 1 can receive, an indication that downlink channels and / or signals are disabled or not allowed for full-duplex time slots for TRP 2 (e.g., indicating the second CORESET clustering index value and / or indicating a downlink null TCI state associated with TRP 2).

[0157] Figure 11 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process. 1100 performed, for example, by a UE that supports a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time intervals according to this disclosure. The exemplary 1100 process is an example where the UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time intervals.

[0158] As shown in Figure 11, in some respects, process 1100 may include receiving, from a network node, an indication of one or more full-duplex time slots (block 1110). For example, the UE (as with the use of communication manager 140 or receiving component 1302, depicted in Figure 13) may receive, from a network node, an indication of one or more full-duplex time slots, as described above.

[0159] As further shown in Figure 11, in some respects, process 1100 may include receiving, from the network node, an indication of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time slots (block 1120). For example, the UE (as with the use of communication manager 140 or the receiving component 1302, depicted in Figure 13) may receive, from the network node, an indication of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time slots, as described above.

[0160] As further shown in Figure 11, in some respects, the Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 296 / 341 74 / 96 process 1100 may include transmitting or receiving, to or from the network node and during a full-duplex time slot of one or more full-duplex time slots, a communication in accordance with the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the prohibited communication direction (block 1130). For example, the UE (as with the use of communication manager 140 or transmit component 1304 or receive component 1302, depicted in Figure 13) may transmit or receive, to or from the network node and during a full-duplex time slot of one or more full-duplex time slots, a communication in accordance with the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the prohibited communication direction, as described above.

[0161] Process 1100 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below or in conjunction with one or more of the other processes described elsewhere in the present invention.

[0162] In a first additional aspect, the indication of the direction of communication not permitted may be associated with uplink signals and channels or downlink signals and channels that are not permitted for one or more full-duplex time intervals.

[0163] In a second additional aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 1100 may include discarding, during the full-duplex time interval or another full-duplex time interval of one or more full-duplex time intervals, another communication in accordance with the other communication that is in the direction of non-permitted communication. That is, the other communication may be discarded if the UE determines, in accordance with the indication of the direction of non-permitted communication, that the other communication is in the direction of non-permitted communication.

[0164] In a third additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the other communication may be a downlink communication and process 1100 may include refraining from transmitting a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback indication associated with the downlink communication. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 297 / 341 75 / 96

[0165] In a fourth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the omission of transmitting the HARQ feedback indication associated with downlink communication may include the transmission of a Type 1 HARQ codebook that is associated with a set of downlink occasions including a downlink occasion corresponding to downlink communication, wherein the Type 1 HARQ codebook does not include an indication for the downlink occasion.

[0166] In a fifth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the direction of communication not permitted may not be permitted for a CORESET grouping index value, the occasion of downlinking may be associated with the CORESET grouping index value, and the HARQ Type 1 codebook may be associated with the CORESET grouping index value.

[0167] In a sixth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the other communication may be a downlink communication and process 1100 may include transmitting a NACK indication for the downlink communication.

[0168] In a seventh additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the indication of the direction of communication not permitted may be communicated through radio resource control signaling or MAC control element signaling.

[0169] In an additional eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, the indication of the non-permitted communication direction may include an indication that the non-permitted communication direction is not permitted, during the one or more full-duplex time intervals, for communications associated with a CORESET grouping index value.

[0170] In a ninth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, the indication of the direction of communication not permitted may include an indication of a first direction of communication not permitted. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 298 / 341 76 / 96 is permitted for communications associated with a first CORESET grouping index value, and a second communication direction indication is not permitted for communications associated with a second CORESET grouping index value.

[0171] In a tenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, the indication of the direction of communication not permitted may include an indication of a TCI state associated with a full-duplex operating state and the direction of communication not permitted, the TCI state indicating that the direction of communication not permitted is not permitted for the one or more full-duplex time intervals.

[0172] In an additional eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, the TCI state indication may include that the TCI state is associated with a CORESET clustering index value, wherein the TCI state indicates that communications associated with the CORESET clustering index value and the non-permitted communication direction are not permitted for one or more full-duplex time slots.

[0173] In an additional twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects, the one or more full-duplex time slots may be one or more sub-band full-duplex time slots.

[0174] In an additional thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twelfth aspects, the one or more full-duplex time slots may include at least one of one or more full-duplex slots or one or more full-duplex OFDM symbols.

[0175] Although Figure 11 shows example blocks of process 1100, in some respects, process 1100 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks arranged differentially in relation to those depicted in Figure 11. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1100 may be performed in parallel.

[0176] Figure 12 is a flowchart illustrating a process 1200 Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 299 / 341 Example 77 / 96 is performed, for example, by a network node that supports a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time intervals according to this disclosure. Example 1200 is an example where the network node (e.g., network node 110) performs operations associated with a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time intervals.

[0177] As shown in Figure 12, in some respects, process 1200 may include transmitting an indication, associated with a UE, of one or more full-duplex time slots (block 1210). For example, the network node (as with the use of communication manager 150 or transmission component 1404, depicted in Figure 14) may transmit an indication, associated with a UE, of one or more full-duplex time slots, as described above.

[0178] As further shown in Figure 12, in some respects, process 1200 may include transmitting an indication, associated with the UE, of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time slots (block 1220). For example, the network node (as with the use of communication manager 150 or transmission component 1404, depicted in Figure 14) may transmit an indication, associated with the UE, of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time slots, as described above.

[0179] As further shown in Figure 12, in some respects, process 1200 may include transmitting or receiving, during a full-duplex time interval of one or more full-duplex time intervals, a communication, to the UE, according to the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the prohibited communication direction (block 1230). For example, the network node (as with the use of communication manager 150, transmit component 1404 or receive component 1402, depicted in Figure 14) may transmit or receive, during a full-duplex time interval of one or more full-duplex time intervals, a communication, to the UE, according to the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the direction of Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 300 / 341 78 / 96 communication not permitted, as described above.

[0180] Process 1200 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below or in conjunction with one or more of the other processes described elsewhere in the present invention.

[0181] In a first additional aspect, the indication of the direction of communication not permitted may be associated with uplink signals and channels or downlink signals and channels that are not permitted for one or more full-duplex time intervals.

[0182] In a second additional aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 1200 may include discarding, during the full-duplex time interval or another full-duplex time interval of one or more full-duplex time intervals, another communication in accordance with the other communication that is in the direction of non-permitted communication. That is, the other communication may be discarded if the network node determines, according to the indication of the direction of non-permitted communication, that the other communication is in the direction of non-permitted communication.

[0183] In a third additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the other communication may be a downlink communication and process 1100 may include receiving a HARQ Type 1 codebook that is associated with a set of downlink occasions including a downlink occasion corresponding to the downlink communication, the HARQ Type 1 codebook not including an indication for the downlink occasion.

[0184] In a fourth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the direction of communication not permitted may not be permitted for a CORESET grouping index value, the downlink occasion may be associated with the CORESET grouping index value, and the HARQ Type 1 codebook may be associated with the CORESET grouping index value. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 301 / 341 79 / 96

[0185] In a fifth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the other communication may be a downlink communication and process 1200 may include receiving a NACK indication for the downlink communication.

[0186] In a sixth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the indication of the direction of communication not permitted may be communicated through radio resource control signaling or MAC control element signaling.

[0187] In a seventh additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the indication of the direction of communication not permitted may include an indication that the direction of communication not permitted is not permitted, during the one or more full-duplex time intervals, for communications associated with a CORESET grouping index value.

[0188] In an additional eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, the indication of the direction of communication not permitted may include an indication of a first direction of communication not permitted for communications associated with a first CORESET grouping index value and an indication of a second direction of communication not permitted for communications associated with a second CORESET grouping index value.

[0189] In a ninth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, the indication of the direction of communication not permitted may include an indication of a TCI state associated with a full-duplex operating state and the direction of communication not permitted, the TCI state indicating that the direction of communication not permitted is not permitted for the one or more full-duplex time intervals.

[0190] In a tenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, the indication of TCI status may include that TCI status is associated with a clustering index value of Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 302 / 341 80 / 96 CORESET, where the TCI state indicates that communications associated with the CORESET clustering index value and the non-permitted communication direction are not permitted for one or more full-duplex time slots.

[0191] In an additional eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, the one or more full-duplex time slots may be one or more sub-band full-duplex time slots.

[0192] In an additional twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects, the one or more full-duplex time slots may include at least one of one or more full-duplex slots or one or more full-duplex OFDM symbols.

[0193] Although Figure 12 shows example blocks of the 1200 process, in some respects, the 1200 process may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks arranged differentially in relation to those depicted in Figure 12. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of the 1200 process may be performed in parallel.

[0194] Figure 13 is a diagram of an exemplary device 1300 for wireless communication that supports a communication direction not permitted for full-duplex time intervals according to the present disclosure. The device 1300 may be a UE or a UE may include the device 1300. In some respects, the device 1300 includes a receiving component 1302, a transmitting component 1304, and a communication manager 140, which may be in communication with each other (e.g., through one or more buses). As shown, the device 1300 may communicate with another device 1306 (such as a UE, a network node, or another wireless communication device) using receiving component 1302 and transmitting component 1304.

[0195] In some respects, the apparatus 1300 can be configured and / or operated to perform one or more operations described in the present invention in conjunction with Figures 8 to 10. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1300 can be configured and / or operated to perform one or more processes described in the present invention, Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 303 / 341 81 / 96 as process 1100 of Figure 11. In some respects, apparatus 1300 may include one or more of the UE components described above in conjunction with Figure 2.

[0196] The receiving component 1302 can receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications from the device 1306. The receiving component 1302 can provide received communications to one or more other components of the device 1300, such as the communication manager 140. In some aspects, the receiving component 1302 can perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) and can provide processed signals to one or more other components. In some aspects, the receiving component 1302 can include one or more antennas, a modem, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receiving processor, a controller / processor, and / or a UE memory described above in relation to Figure 2.

[0197] The transmission component 1304 can transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications to the device 1306. In some aspects, the communication manager 140 can generate communications and can transmit the generated communications to the transmission component 1304 for transmission to the device 1306. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 can perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) and can transmit the processed signals to the device 1306. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 can include one or more antennas, a modem, a modulator, a transmission MIMO processor, a transmission processor, a controller / processor, and / or a UE memory described above in relation to Figure 2.In some respects, the 1304 transmit component may be colocated with the 1302 receive component in a transceiver. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 304 / 341 82 / 96

[0198] Communication manager 140 can receive, or can cause receiving component 1302 to receive, from a network node, an indication of one or more full-duplex time slots. Communication manager 140 can receive, or can cause receiving component 1302 to receive, from the network node, an indication of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time slots. Communication manager 140 can transmit, or can cause transmitting component 1304 to transmit, or communication manager 140 can receive, or can cause receiving component 1302 to receive, to or from the network node and during one full-duplex time slot of one or more full-duplex time slots, a communication in accordance with the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction.In some respects, the communication manager 140 can perform one or more operations described elsewhere in the present invention as being performed by one or more components of the communication manager 140.

[0199] The communication manager 140 may include a controller / processor, a memory, of the UE described above in connection with Figure 2. In some respects, the communication manager 140 includes a set of components, such as a disposal component 1308 and / or a determination component 1310, among other examples. Alternatively, the set of components may be separate and distinct from the communication manager 140. In some respects, one or more components of the set of components may include or may be implemented in a controller / processor, a memory, of the UE described above in connection with Figure 2. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented, at least in part, as software stored in a memory.For example, a component (or a portion of a component) can be implemented in the form of instructions or code stored in a non-transient, computer-readable medium that can be executed by a controller or processor to perform the tasks. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 305 / 341 83 / 96 component functions or operations.

[0200] The receiving component 1302 may receive, from a network node, an indication of one or more full-duplex time slots. The receiving component 1302 may receive, from the network node, an indication of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time slots. The transmitting component 1304 may transmit or receive, to or from the network node and during one or more full-duplex time slots, a communication in accordance with the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction.

[0201] The discard component 1308 can discard, during the full-duplex time interval or another full-duplex time interval of one or more full-duplex time intervals, another communication in accordance with the other communication that is in the direction of the non-permitted communication.

[0202] The determination component 1310 can determine a duplex type associated with a time interval based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with the indication of one or more full-duplex time intervals.

[0203] The quantity and arrangement of the components shown in Figure 13 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or components differentially arranged relative to those shown in Figure 13. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Figure 13 may be implemented in a single component, or a single component shown in Figure 13 may be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Figure 13 may perform one or more functions described as performed by another set of components shown in Figure 13.

[0204] Figure 14 is a diagram of an exemplary 1400 device for wireless communication that supports a non-permitted communication direction for full-duplex time intervals according to the present disclosure. The 1400 device may be a network node or a network node may include the 1400 device. In some Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 306 / 341 In aspects 84 / 96, the 1400 device includes a receiving component 1402, a transmitting component 1404, and a communication manager 150, which can communicate with each other (for example, through one or more buses). As shown, the 1400 device can communicate with another 1406 device (such as a UE, a network node, or another wireless communication device) using receiving component 1402 and transmitting component 1404.

[0205] In some respects, the device 1400 can be configured and / or operated to perform one or more operations described in the present invention in conjunction with Figures 8 to 10. Additionally or alternatively, the device 1400 can be configured and / or operated to perform one or more processes described in the present invention, such as process 1200 of Figure 12. In some respects, the device 1400 may include one or more network node components described above in conjunction with Figure 2.

[0206] The receiving component 1402 can receive communications, such as reference signals, control information and / or data communications from the device 1406. The receiving component 1402 can provide received communications to one or more other components of the device 1400, such as the communication manager 150.In some respects, the 1402 receiving component can perform signal processing on received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) and can provide processed signals to one or more other components. In some respects, the 1402 receiving component may include one or more antennas, a modem, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receiving processor, a controller / processor, and / or a network node memory described above in relation to Figure 2.

[0207] The transmission component 1404 can transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information and / or data communications to the device 1406. In some respects, the communication manager 150 can generate communications and can transmit the generated communications to the component of Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 307 / 341 85 / 96 transmission 1404 for transmission to device 1406. In some aspects, the transmission component 1404 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) and may transmit the processed signals to device 1406. In some aspects, the transmission component 1404 may include one or more antennas, a modem, a modulator, a transmission MIMO processor, a transmission processor, a controller / processor, and / or a network node memory described above in relation to Figure 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1404 may be co-located with the reception component 1402 in a transceiver.

[0208] Communication manager 150 may transmit or may cause transmission component 1404 to transmit an indication, associated with a UE, of one or more full-duplex time slots. Communication manager 150 may transmit or may cause transmission component 1404 to transmit an indication, associated with the UE, of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time slots. Communication manager 150 may transmit or may cause transmission component 1404 to transmit, or communication manager 150 may receive or may cause receiving component 1402 to receive, during a full-duplex time slot of one or more full-duplex time slots, a communication, for the UE, according to the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction.In some respects, the communication manager 150 can perform one or more operations described elsewhere in the present invention as being performed by one or more components of the communication manager 150.

[0209] The 150 communication manager may include a controller / processor, memory, scheduler, and / or a network node communication unit described above in conjunction with Figure 2. In some respects, the 150 communication manager includes a set of components, Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 308 / 341 86 / 96 as a discard component 1408 and / or a communication direction determination component 1410. Alternatively, the component set may be separate and distinct from the communication manager 150. In some respects, one or more components of the component set may include or may be implemented in a controller / processor, a memory, a scheduler, and / or a communication unit of the network node described above in conjunction with Figure 2. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components of the component set may be implemented, at least in part, as software stored in memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented in the form of instructions or code stored in a non-transient, computer-readable medium and executable by a controller or processor to perform the component's functions or operations.

[0210] The 1404 transmission component may transmit an indication, associated with a UE, of one or more full-duplex time slots. The 1404 transmission component may transmit an indication, associated with the UE, of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time slots. The 1404 transmission component may transmit or receive, during a full-duplex time slot of one or more full-duplex time slots, a communication, for the UE, according to the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction.

[0211] The discard component 1408 can discard, during the full-duplex time interval or another full-duplex time interval of one or more full-duplex time intervals, another communication in accordance with the other communication that is in the direction of the non-permitted communication.

[0212] The 1410 communication direction determination component can determine the communication direction not permitted for the UE. The 1410 communication direction determination component can determine the communication direction not permitted for the UE based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with a UE service TRP or a network node antenna configuration. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 309 / 341 87 / 96

[0213] The quantity and arrangement of the components shown in Figure 14 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged differently from those shown in Figure 14. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Figure 14 may be implemented in a single component, or a single component shown in Figure 14 may be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Figure 14 may perform one or more functions described as performed by another set of components shown in Figure 14.

[0214] The following is an overview of some aspects of this disclosure: Aspect 1: A wireless communication method implemented by a user equipment (UE) comprising: receiving, from a network node, an indication of one or more full-duplex time slots; receiving, from the network node, an indication of a non-permitted communication direction associated with the one or more full-duplex time slots; and transmitting or receiving, to or from the network node and during one or more full-duplex time slots, a communication in accordance with the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction.

[0215] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the indication of the non-permitted communication direction is associated with uplink signals and channels or downlink signals and channels that are not permitted for the one or more full-duplex time slots.

[0216] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1 to 2 which further comprises: discarding, during the full-duplex time interval or another full-duplex time interval of one or more full-duplex time intervals, another communication in accordance with the other communication that is in the direction of the non-permitted communication.

[0217] Aspect 4: The method of Aspect 3, where the other communication is a Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 310 / 341 88 / 96 downlink communication, and the method further comprises: refraining from transmitting a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback indication associated with downlink communication.

[0218] Aspect 5: The method of Aspect 4, wherein the omission of transmitting the HARQ feedback indication associated with downlink communication comprises: transmitting a Type 1 HARQ codebook that is associated with a set of downlink occasions including a downlink occasion corresponding to downlink communication, wherein the Type 1 HARQ codebook does not include an indication for the downlink occasion.

[0219] Aspect 6: The method of Aspect 5, wherein the direction of communication is not permitted for a control resource set clustering index (CORESET) value, wherein the downlink occasion is associated with the CORESET clustering index value, and wherein the HARQ Type 1 codebook is associated with the CORESET clustering index value.

[0220] Aspect 7: The method of Aspect 3, wherein the other communication is a downlink communication, wherein the method additionally comprises: transmitting a negative acknowledgment (NACK) indication for the downlink communication.

[0221] Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein the indication of the direction of communication not permitted is communicated by means of radio resource control signaling or medium access control element (MAC) signaling.

[0222] Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1 to 8, wherein the indication of the direction of communication not permitted comprises an indication that the direction of communication not permitted is not permitted, during one or more full-duplex time intervals, for communications associated with a control resource set grouping index (CORESET) value. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 311 / 341 89 / 96

[0223] Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the indication of the direction of non-permitted communication comprises an indication of a first direction of non-permitted communication for communications associated with a first control feature set clustering index (CORESET) value and an indication of a second direction of non-permitted communication for communications associated with a second CORESET clustering index value.

[0224] Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1 to 10, wherein the indication of the non-permitted communication direction comprises an indication of a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state associated with a full-duplex operational state and the non-permitted communication direction, wherein the TCI state indicates that the non-permitted communication direction is not permitted for one or more full-duplex time intervals.

[0225] Aspect 12: The method of Aspect 11, wherein the indication of the TCI state indicates that the TCI state is associated with a Control Resource Set Clustering Index (CORESET) value, wherein the TCI state indicates that communications associated with the CORESET clustering index value and the non-permitted communication direction are not permitted for one or more full-duplex time slots.

[0226] Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein one or more full-duplex time intervals are one or more sub-band full-duplex time intervals.

[0227] Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 1 to 13, wherein the one or more full-duplex time intervals include at least one of: one or more full-duplex slots or one or more full-duplex orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.

[0228] Aspect 15: A wireless communication method implemented by a network node comprising: transmitting an indication, associated with a user device (UD), of one or more full-duplex time intervals; transmitting a Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 312 / 341 90 / 96 indication, associated with the UE, of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time slots; and transmit or receive, during a full-duplex time slot of one or more full-duplex time slots, a communication, to the UE, in accordance with the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction.

[0229] Aspect 16: The method of Aspect 15, wherein the indication of the non-permitted communication direction is associated with uplink signals and channels or downlink signals and channels that are not permitted for one or more full-duplex time slots.

[0230] Aspect 17: The method of any of Aspects 15 to 16 which further comprises: discarding, during the full-duplex time interval or another full-duplex time interval of one or more full-duplex time intervals, another communication in accordance with the other communication that is in the direction of the non-permitted communication.

[0231] Aspect 18: The method of Aspect 17, wherein the other communication is a downlink communication, wherein the method further comprises: receiving a HARQ Type 1 codebook that is associated with a set of downlink occasions including a downlink occasion corresponding to the downlink communication, wherein the HARQ Type 1 codebook does not include an indication for the downlink occasion.

[0232] Aspect 19: The method of Aspect 18, wherein the direction of communication is not permitted for a control resource set clustering index (CORESET) value, wherein the downlink occasion is associated with the CORESET clustering index value, and wherein the HARQ Type 1 codebook is associated with the CORESET clustering index value.

[0233] Aspect 20: The method of Aspect 17, wherein the other communication is a downlink communication, wherein the method additionally comprises: receiving a negative acknowledgment (NACK) indication for the Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 313 / 341 91 / 96 downlink communication.

[0234] Aspect 21: The method of any of Aspects 15 to 20, wherein the indication of the direction of communication not permitted is communicated by means of radio resource control signaling or medium access control element (MAC) signaling.

[0235] Aspect 22: The method of any of Aspects 15 to 21, wherein the indication of the direction of communication not permitted comprises an indication that the direction of communication not permitted is not permitted, during one or more full-duplex time intervals, for communications associated with a control resource set grouping index (CORESET) value.

[0236] Aspect 23: The method of any of Aspects 15 to 22, wherein the indication of the direction of non-permitted communication comprises an indication of a first direction of non-permitted communication for communications associated with a first control feature set clustering index (CORESET) value and an indication of a second direction of non-permitted communication for communications associated with a second CORESET clustering index value.

[0237] Aspect 24: The method of any of Aspects 15 to 23, wherein the indication of the non-permitted communication direction comprises an indication of a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state associated with a full-duplex operational state and the non-permitted communication direction, wherein the TCI state indicates that the non-permitted communication direction is not permitted for one or more full-duplex time intervals.

[0238] Aspect 25: The method of Aspect 24, wherein the indication of the TCI state indicates that the TCI state is associated with a Control Resource Set Clustering Index (CORESET) value, wherein the TCI state indicates that communications associated with the CORESET clustering index value and the non-permitted communication direction are not permitted for one or more full-duplex time slots. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 314 / 341 92 / 96

[0239] Aspect 26: The method of any of Aspects 15 to 25, wherein one or more full-duplex time intervals are one or more sub-band full-duplex time intervals.

[0240] Aspect 27: The method of any of Aspects 15 to 26, wherein the one or more full-duplex time intervals include at least one of: one or more full-duplex slots or one or more full-duplex orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.

[0241] Aspect 28: An apparatus for wireless communication in a device comprising a processor; memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1 to 14.

[0242] Aspect 29: A device for wireless communication comprising a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory, wherein the one or more processors are configured to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1 to 14.

[0243] Aspect 30: A wireless communication apparatus comprising at least one means for carrying out the method of one or more of Aspects 1 to 14.

[0244] Aspect 31: A non-transient, computer-readable medium that stores code for wireless communication, wherein the code comprises instructions executable by a processor to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1 to 14.

[0245] Aspect 32: A nontransient, computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication, wherein the instruction set comprises one or more instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1 to 14.

[0246] Aspect 33: An apparatus for wireless communication in a device comprising a processor; memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in memory and executable by the processor to cause the Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 315 / 341 93 / 96 device perform the method of one or more of Aspects 15 to 27.

[0247] Aspect 34: A device for wireless communication comprising a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory, wherein the one or more processors are configured to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 15 to 27.

[0248] Aspect 35: A wireless communication apparatus comprising at least one means for carrying out the method of one or more of Aspects 15 to 27.

[0249] Aspect 36: A non-transient, computer-readable medium that stores code for wireless communication, wherein the code comprises instructions executable by a processor to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 15 to 27.

[0250] Aspect 37: A nontransient, computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication, wherein the instruction set comprises one or more instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 15 to 27.

[0251] The aforementioned disclosure provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.

[0252] As used in the present invention, the term component is intended to be broadly interpreted as hardware or a combination of hardware and software. Software should be interpreted broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, execution threads, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used in the present invention, a processor is implemented in Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 316 / 341 94 / 96 hardware or a combination of hardware and software. It will be evident that the systems and / or methods described in the present invention can be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described in the present invention without reference to specific software code, as those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description of the present invention.

[0253] As used in the present invention, satisfying a threshold may, depending on the context, refer to a value that is greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, among other examples.

[0254] As used in the present invention, the term determine or determining encompasses a wide variety of actions, and therefore, determine may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (such as by searching a table, a database, or another data structure), inferring, verifying, and / or measuring, among other examples. Furthermore, determine may include receiving (such as receiving information), accessing (such as accessing data stored in memory), and / or transmitting (such as transmitting information), among other examples. Additionally, determine may include solving, selecting, obtaining, choosing, establishing, and other similar actions.

[0255] Although particular combinations of attributes are mentioned in the claims or disclosed in the descriptive report, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these attributes can be combined in ways not specifically mentioned in the claims or disclosed in the descriptive report. Disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with each other claim in the set of claims. As used in the present invention, an expression Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 317 / 341 95 / 96 which refers to at least one of a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including unique members. For example, at least one of: a, b or c is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, ec + c + c, or any other order of a, b and c).

[0256] No element, action, or instruction used in the present invention should be interpreted as critical or essential, except when explicitly described as such. Also, as used in the present invention, the articles "a" and "an" are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with "one or more". Additionally, as used in the present invention, the article "the" or "a" is intended to include one or more items mentioned in conjunction with the article "the" or "a", and may be used interchangeably with "one or more" or "an or more". Furthermore, as used in the present invention, the terms "set" and "group" are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with "one or more". Where only one item is intended, the phrase "only one" or similar language is used.Furthermore, as used in the present invention, the terms have, have, that has, and similar terms are intended to be non-limiting terms that do not restrict an element they modify (for example, an element that has A may also have B). Additionally, as used in the present invention, based on is intended to be interpreted in an inclusive sense unless explicitly stated otherwise. For example, based on may be used interchangeably with based, at least in part, on, associated with, or according to unless explicitly stated otherwise. Specifically, unless a phrase refers to based on only 'a', or the equivalent in context, whatever is based on 'a', or based at least in part on 'a', may be based on 'a' alone or based on a combination of 'a' and one or more other factors, conditions, or information. Furthermore, as used in the present invention, the term or is intended. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 318 / 341 96 / 96 is to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with and / or, unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with either or only one of). Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pages 319 / 341

Claims

1 / 7 CLAIMS 1. User equipment (UE) for wireless communication characterized by comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is operable to make the UE: receive, from a network node, an indication of one or more full-duplex time slots; receive, from the network node, an indication of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time slots; and transmit or receive, to or from the network node and during one or more full-duplex time slots, a communication in accordance with the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction.

2. EU, according to claim 1, characterized in that the indication of the prohibited communication direction is associated with uplink signals and channels or downlink signals and channels that are not permitted for one or more full-duplex time intervals.

3. UE, according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one processor is additionally operable to perform the UE: discard, during the full-duplex time interval or another full-duplex time interval of one or more full-duplex time intervals, another communication in accordance with the other communication that is in the direction of non-permitted communication.

4. UE, according to claim 3, characterized in that the other communication is a downlink communication, wherein at least one processor is additionally operable to make the UE: refrain from transmitting a feedback indication of a hybrid automatic repetition (HARQ) request associated with the downlink communication.

5. UE, according to claim 4, characterized in that, to cause the UE to refrain from transmitting the HARQ feedback indication associated with downlink communication, at least one processor being operable to cause the UE to: transmit a Type 1 HARQ codebook that is associated with a set of downlink occasions including a downlink occasion corresponding to downlink communication, wherein the Type 1 HARQ codebook does not include an indication for the downlink occasion.

6. EU, according to claim 5, characterized in that the direction of communication not permitted is not permitted for a control resource set clustering index value (CORESET), wherein the downlink occasion is associated with the CORESET clustering index value, and wherein the HARQ Type 1 codebook is associated with the CORESET clustering index value.

7. UE, according to claim 3, characterized in that the other communication is a downlink communication, wherein at least one processor is additionally operable to make the UE: transmit a negative acknowledgment (NACK) indication for the downlink communication.

8. EU, according to claim 1, characterized by the indication of the direction of communication not permitted being communicated through radio resource control signaling or medium access control element (MAC) signaling.

9. EU, according to claim 1, characterized in that the indication of the direction of communication not permitted comprises an indication that the direction of communication not permitted is not permitted, during one or more full-duplex time intervals, for communications associated with a Control Resource Set Grouping Index (CORESET) value.

10. EU, according to claim 1, characterized in that the indication of the prohibited communication direction comprises an indication of a first prohibited communication direction for communications associated with a first control resource set clustering index (CORESET) value and an indication of a second prohibited communication direction for communications associated with a second CORESET clustering index value.

11. EU, according to claim 1, characterized in that the indication of the non-permitted communication direction comprises an indication of a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state associated with a full-duplex operational state and the non-permitted communication direction, wherein the TCI state indicates that the non-permitted communication direction is not permitted for one or more full-duplex time intervals.

12. EU, according to claim 11, characterized in that the TCI state indication indicates that the TCI state is associated with a Control Resource Set Clustering Index (CORESET) value, wherein the TCI state indicates that communications associated with the CORESET clustering index value and the non-permitted communication direction are not permitted for one or more full-duplex time intervals.

13. Network node for wireless communication, the network node being characterized by comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to at least one memory, wherein at least one processor is operable to make the network node: transmit an indication, associated with a user equipment (UE), of one or more full-duplex time slots; transmit an indication, associated with the UE, of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time slots; and transmit or receive, during a full-duplex time slot of one or more full-duplex time slots, a communication, to the UE, in accordance with the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction.

14. Network node, according to claim 13, characterized in that the indication of the direction of communication not permitted is associated with uplink signals and channels or downlink signals and channels that are not permitted for one or more full-duplex time intervals.

15. Network node, according to claim 13, characterized in that at least one processor is additionally operable to make the network node: discard, during the full-duplex time interval or another full-duplex time interval of one or more full-duplex time intervals, another communication in accordance with the other communication that is in the direction of non-permitted communication.

16. Network node according to claim 15, characterized in that the other communication is a downlink communication, wherein at least one processor is additionally operable to make the network node: receive a Type 1 HARQ codebook that is associated with a set of downlink occasions including a downlink occasion corresponding to the downlink communication, wherein the Type 1 HARQ codebook does not include an indication for the downlink occasion.

17. Network node, according to claim 13, characterized in that the indication of the non-permitted communication direction comprises an indication that the non-permitted communication direction is not allowed, during one or more full-duplex time intervals, for communications associated with a control resource set clustering index (CORESET) value.

18. Network node, according to claim 13, characterized by Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, p. 323 / 341 5 / 7 indication of the direction of communication not permitted comprises an indication of a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state associated with a full-duplex operational state and the direction of communication not permitted, wherein the TCI state indicates that the direction of communication not permitted is not permitted for one or more full-duplex time intervals.

19. A wireless communication method implemented by a user equipment (UE) characterized by comprising: receiving, from a network node, an indication of one or more full-duplex time slots; receiving, from the network node, an indication of a non-permitted communication direction associated with the one or more full-duplex time slots; and transmitting or receiving, to or from the network node and during one or more full-duplex time slots, a communication in accordance with the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction.

20. Method, according to claim 19, characterized in that the indication of the prohibited communication direction is associated with uplink signals and channels or downlink signals and channels that are not permitted for one or more full-duplex time intervals.

21. A method according to claim 19, characterized by further comprising: discarding, during the full-duplex time interval or another full-duplex time interval of one or more full-duplex time intervals, another communication in accordance with the other communication that is in the direction of the prohibited communication.

22. Method according to claim 21, wherein the other communication is a downlink communication, the method being characterized by further comprising: Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, p. 324 / 341 6 / 7 refraining from transmitting a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback indication associated with the downlink communication.

23. A method according to claim 22, characterized by the omission of transmitting the HARQ feedback indication associated with downlink communication, comprises: transmitting a Type 1 HARQ codebook that is associated with a set of downlink occasions including a downlink occasion corresponding to downlink communication, wherein the Type 1 HARQ codebook does not include an indication for the downlink occasion.

24. A method according to claim 23, characterized in that the direction of communication is not permitted for a control resource set clustering index (CORESET) value, wherein the downlink occasion is associated with the CORESET clustering index value, and wherein the HARQ Type 1 codebook is associated with the CORESET clustering index value.

25. A method according to claim 19, characterized in that the indication of the disallowed communication direction comprises an indication of a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state associated with a full-duplex operational state and the disallowed communication direction, wherein the TCI state indicates that the disallowed communication direction is not permitted for one or more full-duplex time intervals.

26. Wireless communication method performed by a network node, the method being characterized by comprising: transmitting an indication, associated with a user equipment (UE), of one or more full-duplex time intervals; transmitting an indication, associated with the UE, of a non-permitted communication direction associated with one or more full-duplex time intervals; and transmitting or receiving, during a full-duplex time interval of one or more full-duplex time intervals, a communication, to the UE, according to the communication that is in a communication direction that is not the non-permitted communication direction.

27. Method, according to claim 26, characterized in that the indication of the prohibited communication direction is associated with uplink signals and channels or downlink signals and channels that are not permitted for one or more full-duplex time intervals.

28. A method according to claim 26, characterized by further comprising: discarding, during the full-duplex time interval or another full-duplex time interval of one or more full-duplex time intervals, another communication in accordance with the other communication that is in the direction of the prohibited communication.

29. A method according to claim 28, wherein the other communication is a downlink communication, the method being characterized by further comprising: receiving a Type 1 HARQ codebook that is associated with a set of downlink occasions including a downlink occasion corresponding to the downlink communication, wherein the Type 1 HARQ codebook does not include an indication for the downlink occasion.

30. Method according to claim 26, characterized in that one or more full-duplex time slots include at least one of: one or more full-duplex slots or one or more full-duplex orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. Petition 870250081349, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, pp. 326 / 341

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