Mechanical retarder and mechanical unloading device including the retarder

Abstract

A mechanical retarder and a mechanical unloading device including the retarder, the mechanical retarder is composed of a trigger and an actuator, the trigger is connected to the actuator, the actuator is triggered by the trigger, the actuator includes a circulating track and a sliding member, the contact force between the sliding member and the circulating track gradually decreases during the sliding member sliding down the circulating track, the pulling force of the suspension trigger changes continuously from a rated value to zero, the contact force between the sliding member and the circulating track gradually increases during the sliding member resetting along the circulating track, and the pulling force of the suspension trigger changes continuously from zero to a rated value. The mechanical unloading device includes a mechanical retarder, a hook, a pulley mechanism and a weight, the pulley mechanism is connected to the mechanical retarder, the mechanical retarder is connected to the hook, and the hook is connected to the weight. The roller of the present invention is balanced with the weight through a fixed pulley set, and the mass of the roller can be a fraction of that of the weight, which reduces the weight requirement for the roller in practical applications and is convenient for industrial implementation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an unloading device, in particular to a mechanical retarder and a mechanical unloading device comprising the retarder. Background Art

[0002] Dynamic compaction machine is a kind of engineering machinery used for impact compaction of materials or foundations. It is widely used in the construction process of industrial and civil buildings, warehouses, yards, docks, airports, highway and railway roadbeds, artificial islands, etc. Dynamic compaction machine and other impact machinery rely on high-altitude release of heavy hammers to impact the ground. In order to achieve the two requirements of stable and reliable locking and air release of the heavy hammer, the existing dynamic compaction machine is usually equipped with a mechanical unhooker. The mechanical unhooker can automatically hang the heavy hammer and lock the heavy hammer by the self-locking property of the mechanism. The winch lifts the mechanical unhooker together with the heavy hammer to a height of tens of meters. The connecting rod of the mechanical unhooker is pulled by the wire rope to instantly change the balance state of the mechanism, so that the heavy hammer and the mechanical unhooker are instantly disconnected. When the heavy hammer is released, the elastic potential energy stored in the dynamic compaction machine is immediately released, and the dynamic compaction machine rebounds and vibrates violently. Frequent unloading impacts can easily cause premature damage to the mechanical structure and transmission system. The existence of severe unloading impact is a major defect of the current mechanical unhooker.

[0003] CN 106006350 A discloses a retarder and a stepless retarding and unloading device including the retarder. During use, the sliding member of the retarder, namely the roller 9, is connected to the lower hook 3 through the lower connecting rod 11, and the lower hook 3 is connected to the weight 15. Therefore, the mass of the roller 9 must be several times the mass of the weight 15 to achieve the effect of retarding and vibration reduction. Since the mass of the roller 9 needs to be very large, the retarding and unloading device greatly consumes the lifting capacity of the tamping machine, which increases the difficulty in practical application. It is difficult to keep the two rollers 9 falling synchronously during the sliding process along the arc track. Under unconstrained conditions, the rollers usually move one faster and the other slower, and the faster the faster, the slower the slower. After one roller completes the fall, the other roller can continue to fall, which greatly reduces the retarding and unloading function of the retarder. At the end of the unloading stage, the large-mass roller 9 collides with the buffer, exerting a secondary impact force on the retarder, and this impact force excites the violent residual vibration of the crane. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned background technology and provide a mechanical retarder that is easy to implement industrially and a mechanical unloading device including the retarder.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is a mechanical retarder, which is composed of a trigger and an actuator. The trigger is connected to the actuator, and the actuator is triggered to move by the trigger. The actuator includes a circulating track and a sliding member. During the sliding member sliding down the circulating track, the contact force between the sliding member and the circulating track gradually decreases, and the pulling force of the suspension trigger changes continuously from a rated value to zero. During the resetting of the sliding member along the circulating track, the contact force between the sliding member and the circulating track gradually increases, and the pulling force of the suspension trigger changes continuously from zero to the rated value.

[0006] Furthermore, the trigger includes a base and a pull rod, a sliding block is provided in the base, rollers are installed on both sides of the bottom of the sliding block, the rollers can slide up and down along the inner wall of the base, the sliding block is provided with a transverse through hole, one end of the pull rod passes through the through hole of the sliding block and is hinged on the base, and a trigger rope is provided at the other end of the pull rod; locking blocks are hinged on both sides of the lower part of the base, an upper slot is provided at the upper end of the locking block, and a lower slot is provided at the lower end, and the locking block has two stable postures, one is a vertical posture, and the other is an inclined posture.

[0007] Furthermore, the actuator is composed of a roller and two circulating tracks symmetrically arranged on the left and right, the circulating track is composed of a lowering section, a reversing section, and a reset section, the lowering section, the reversing section, and the reset section are connected end to end to form a closed track, the lowering section is in an upwardly protruding arc, the reversing section is U-shaped, and the reset section is in an upwardly protruding arc, the lowering section is connected to the reversing section, the reversing section is connected to the reset section, and the reset section is connected to the lowering section. Rollers are provided in each circulating track, and the rollers can roll back and forth in the circulating track. When the two rollers are located at the highest point of the lowering section and are stationary, the locking block is in a vertical posture, the roller on the sliding block is stuck in the upper groove of the locking block, the roller is stuck in the lower groove of the locking block, and the locking block closes the reset section outlet; when the two rollers move in the circulating track, the locking block is in an inclined posture, and the locking block opens the reset section outlet.

[0008] Furthermore, a roller synchronization mechanism is also provided on the circulating track, and the roller synchronization mechanism includes a synchronization sleeve and a guide rod. The guide rod is longitudinally arranged between the two circulating tracks. The synchronization sleeve is a rectangular groove structure, and the rectangular groove is transversely installed on the guide rod. The rectangular groove can move axially along the guide rod. Two rollers are stuck in the rectangular groove of the synchronization sleeve and can slide in the rectangular groove.

[0009] Furthermore, the roller includes a roller shaft, both ends of which are provided with counterweights, the roller shaft is clamped in the lower clamping groove of the locking block, and the mass of the roller is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the mass of the mechanical retarder.

[0010] A mechanical unloading device comprises the mechanical retarder, and also comprises a hook, a pulley mechanism and a weight, wherein the pulley mechanism is connected to the mechanical retarder, the mechanical retarder is connected to the hook, the hook is connected to the weight, and the hook is located below the mechanical retarder.

[0011] Furthermore, the hook device consists of a unhooking rope, a joystick and a hook claw. The joystick is connected to the actuator through the unhooking rope. One end of the unhooking rope is connected to one end of the joystick, and the other end is connected to the circulating track. The weight is connected to the bottom of the hook claw, and the opening and closing of the hook claw is controlled by the joystick, thereby controlling the locking and opening of the hook claw on the weight.

[0012] Furthermore, the pulley mechanism consists of a lifting ring, a fixed pulley group, a limit block, a first lifting rope and a second lifting rope, the fixed pulley group is connected to the lifting ring, the fixed pulley group consists of two fixed pulleys with different radii, the large and small pulleys are coaxially arranged, the first lifting rope is wound around one side of the pulley groove of the large pulley, and the second lifting rope is wound around the other side of the pulley groove of the small pulley, wherein the ratio of the distance from the first lifting rope to the center of the fixed pulley group to the distance from the second lifting rope to the center of the fixed pulley group is equal to the ratio of the tension exerted on the second lifting rope to the tension exerted on the first lifting rope during lifting; the limit block is arranged on the second lifting rope, the first lifting rope is connected to the base, and the second lifting rope is connected to the hook device.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0014] As the rollers of the mechanical retarder of the mechanical unloading device of the present invention accelerate and slide down along the circulating track, the hook device suspended by the fixed pulley accelerates and descends accordingly, and the weight accelerates and descends together with the hook device. During the process from stationary to final detachment of the weight device from the hook device, the tension of the wire rope suspending the mechanical unloading device gradually decreases, thereby reducing the impact of the release of the weight device on the dynamic tamping machine; the two rollers of the mechanical retarder move synchronously along the circulating track under the constraint of the synchronous sleeve, and the tension change of the first suspension rope on the mechanical retarder is the sum of the vertical components of the pressure change of the two rollers on the circulating track. The synchronous movement of the two rollers increases the continuous tension change of the suspended mechanical retarder and enhances the deceleration unloading performance of the mechanical retarder; during the resetting process of the rollers of the mechanical retarder along the circulating track, the pressure of the rollers on the circulating track gradually increases, and the tension of the wire rope suspending the mechanical unloading device gradually increases, thereby suppressing the backward tipping movement of the dynamic tamping machine and reducing the residual vibration of the dynamic tamping machine.

[0015] The sliding member (roller) of the present invention is not connected to the hook device, and the roller is balanced with the heavy hammer through the fixed pulley set. The mass of the roller only needs to be a fraction of the heavy hammer. The mechanical retarder occupies a relatively small mass of the mechanical unloading device, has little effect on the lifting capacity of the tamping machine, and is easy to implement in industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1It is a schematic structural diagram of the mechanical retarder when resetting according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a mechanical retarder after release according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a roller of a mechanical retarder of the illustrated embodiment;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the mechanical unloading device of the embodiment of the present invention when it is reset;

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the mechanical unloading device after releasing the heavy hammer according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1-trigger, 2-actuator, 3-hook, 4-pulley mechanism, 5-weight, 11-base, 12-pull rod, 13-trigger rope, 14-locking block, 15-sliding block, 20-circulating track, 21-roller, 22-synchronizing sleeve, 23-guide rod, 201-lowering section, 202-reversing section, 203-resetting section, 31-unhooking rope, 32-operating lever, 33-hook, 41-lifting ring, 42-fixed pulley block, 43-limiting block, 44-first lifting rope, 45-second lifting rope, 211-counterweight, 212-roller shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 The mechanical retarder of this embodiment is composed of a trigger 1 and an actuator 2. The trigger 1 is connected to the actuator 2, and the actuator 2 is triggered by the trigger 1 to act.

[0024] The trigger 1 is composed of a base 11, a pull rod 12, a trigger rope 13, a locking block 14, and a sliding block 15. The sliding block 15 is arranged inside the base 11. Rollers are arranged on both sides of the bottom of the sliding block 15. The rollers can slide up and down along the inner wall of the base 11. A transverse through hole is arranged on the sliding block 15. One end of the pull rod 12 passes through the through hole of the sliding block 15 and is hinged on the base 11. A trigger rope 13 is arranged on the other end of the pull rod 12. Ear seats are arranged on both sides of the lower part of the base 11. A locking block 14 is hinged on each ear seat. An upper card slot is opened at the upper end of the locking block 14, and a lower card slot is opened at the lower end. The locking block 14 has two stable postures, one is a vertical posture, and the other is an inclined posture.

[0025] The actuator 2 is composed of a roller 21 and two symmetrically arranged circulating tracks 20. The circulating track 20 is composed of a lowering section 201, a reversing section 202, and a reset section 203. The lowering section 201, the reversing section 202, and the reset section 203 are connected end to end to form a closed track. The lowering section 201 is in an arc shape that bulges upward, the reversing section 202 is in a U shape, and the reset section 203 is in an arc shape that bulges upward. The lowering section 201 is connected to the reversing section 202, the reversing section 202 is connected to the reset section 203, and the reset section 203 is connected to the lowering section 201. Each circulating track 20 is provided with a roller 21. Figure 3 The roller 21 includes a roller shaft 212, and a counterweight 211 is provided at both ends of the roller shaft 212. The mass of the roller 21 is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the mass of the mechanical retarder. The roller 21 can roll back and forth in the circulating track 20. When the two rollers 21 are stationary at the highest point of the lowering section 201, the locking block 14 is in a vertical posture, the roller on the sliding block 15 is stuck in the upper groove of the locking block 14, and the end of the roller shaft 212 is stuck in the lower groove of the locking block 14, and the locking block 14 closes the exit of the reset section 203; when the two rollers 21 move in the circulating track 20, the locking block 14 is in an inclined posture, and the locking block 14 opens the exit of the reset section 203. A roller synchronization mechanism is also provided on the circulating track 20, and the roller synchronization mechanism includes a synchronization sleeve 22 and a guide rod 23. The guide rod 23 is longitudinally arranged between the two circulating tracks 20. The synchronization sleeve 22 is a rectangular groove structure, and the rectangular groove is transversely installed on the guide rod 23. The rectangular groove can move axially along the guide rod 23. The ends of the two roller shafts 212 are stuck in the rectangular groove of the synchronization sleeve 22 and can slide in the rectangular groove.

[0026] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 5 The mechanical unloading device of this embodiment is composed of a mechanical retarder, a hook device 3, a pulley mechanism 4 and a heavy hammer 5. The pulley mechanism 4 is connected to the mechanical retarder, the mechanical retarder is connected to the hook device 3, the hook device 3 is connected to the heavy hammer 5, and the hook device 3 is located below the mechanical retarder.

[0027] The hook device 3 is composed of a hooking rope 31, an operating rod 32, and a hook claw 33. The operating rod 32 is connected to the actuator 2 through the hooking rope 31. One end of the hooking rope 31 is connected to one end of the operating rod 32, and the other end is connected to the circulating track 20. The weight 5 is connected to the bottom of the hook claw 33. The opening and closing of the hook claw 33 is controlled by the operating rod 32, thereby controlling the locking and opening of the hook claw 33 on the weight 5.

[0028] The pulley mechanism 4 is composed of a lifting ring 41, a fixed pulley block 42, a limit block 43, a first lifting rope 44 and a second lifting rope 45. The fixed pulley block 42 is connected to the lifting ring 41. The fixed pulley block 42 is composed of two fixed pulleys with different radii. The large and small pulleys are coaxially arranged. The first lifting rope 44 is wound around one side of the pulley groove of the large pulley, and the second lifting rope 45 is wound around the other side of the pulley groove of the small pulley. The ratio of the distance from the first lifting rope 44 to the center of the fixed pulley block 42 to the distance from the second lifting rope 45 to the center of the fixed pulley block 42 is equal to the ratio of the tension exerted on the second lifting rope 45 to the tension exerted on the first lifting rope 44 during lifting; the limit block 43 is arranged on the second lifting rope 45, the first lifting rope 44 is connected to the top of the base 11, and the second lifting rope 45 is connected to the hook device 3.

[0029] The hook device 3 of the mechanical unloading device of this embodiment is a hook device in the prior art, and the structure of the hook device 3 is not described in detail and completely in this embodiment.

[0030] During operation, the lifting ring 41 is connected to the hook of the hoist through a steel wire rope, and the trigger rope 13 is fixed on the crane arm or other fixed points. Before the hoist is lifted, the hook device 3 automatically hangs the weight 5. During the lifting process of the hoist, the mechanical retarder is first lifted off the ground. As the lifting height increases, the hook device 3 and the weight 5 leave the ground again, and the mechanical retarder always remains above the hook device 3 to avoid contact and collision between the two. Continue to lift upward, the trigger rope 13 is gradually tightened, and the pull rod 12 is pulled upward by the trigger rope 13 to rotate. The sliding block 15 slides upward under the action of the pulling pull rod 12, and the rollers on both sides of the bottom of the sliding block 15 slide off the upper groove of the locking block 14. The roller 21 pushes the locking block 14 downward under the action of its own gravity, and the roller 21 accelerates downward along the lowering section 201 of the circulating track 20 movement; under the thrust of the roller 21, the synchronous sleeve 22 moves downward along the guide rod 23, and the rollers 21 in the two circulating tracks slide synchronously outward along the rectangular groove of the synchronous sleeve 22 while moving downward; during the downward movement of the roller 21 along the lowering section 201, the component of the contact pressure between the roller 21 and the lowering section 201 in the vertical direction gradually decreases, and the tension on the first suspension rope 44 decreases accordingly; due to the reduction in the tension of the first suspension rope 44, the mechanical retarder moves upward as a whole, the fixed pulley group 42 rotates clockwise, the hook device 3 moves downward, and the distance between the actuator 2 and the hook device 3 gradually increases; during the downward movement of the hook device 3, after the roller 21 enters the reversing section 202, the unhooking rope 31 is tightened, and the unhooking rope 31 pulls the operating lever 32, triggering the hook device 3 to separate the heavy hammer 5, thereby releasing the heavy hammer 5.

[0031] During the release of the weight 5, the tension of the wire rope on the lifting ring 41 gradually decreases in a smooth curve, converting the step release of the weight into stepless slow unloading, reducing the impact of the weight release on the system, reducing the vibration of the lifting mechanism, and avoiding impact damage to the mechanical structure and transmission system.

[0032] After the heavy hammer 5 is released, the roller 21 is reset. The specific process is as follows: the roller 21 moves upward along the reset section 203 of the circulating track 20 under the action of its own kinetic energy, and the roller 21 slides inward along the rectangular groove of the synchronous sleeve 22. Under the constraint of the synchronous sleeve 22, the rollers 21 in the two circulating tracks 20 move upward synchronously, and the pressure of the roller 21 on the reset section 203 in the vertical direction gradually increases. The tension on the first suspension rope 44 of the suspended mechanical retarder gradually increases, and the tension on the suspension ring 41 gradually increases, which inhibits the movement of the tamping machine to tip backward; after the heavy hammer 5 is released, the hook device 3 is on the second suspension rope 45 The pulling force is significantly reduced, the mechanical retarder decelerates upward to zero and then turns into downward movement, the hook device 3 decelerates downward to zero and then turns into upward movement until the limit block 43 grabs the small fixed pulley; the roller 21 pushes the locking block 14 at the top of the reset section 203 to rotate counterclockwise around its own hinge point, and the sliding block 15 slides down under the action of its own gravity and gets stuck in the upper groove of the locking block 14, locking the locking block 114 in the vertical state; the roller 21 returns to the initial position (the highest point of the lowering section 201), gets stuck in the lower groove of the locking block 14, the hook device 3 stops synchronously, and the mechanical retarder returns to the initial state.

[0033] The roller 21 of the present invention is not connected to the hook device 3. The roller 21 is balanced with the weight 5 through the fixed pulley set 42. The mass of the roller 21 is only a fraction of the weight 5. This reduces the weight requirement for the roller 21 in practical applications and facilitates industrial implementation.

[0034] Those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations to the present invention. If these modifications and variations are within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, then these modifications and variations are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] The contents not described in detail in the specification are prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A mechanical retarder, characterized in that: The invention is composed of a trigger and an actuator, wherein the trigger is connected to the actuator, and the actuator is triggered to move by the trigger. The actuator includes a circulating track and a sliding member. When the sliding member slides down the circulating track, the contact force between the sliding member and the circulating track gradually decreases, and the pulling force of the suspension trigger changes continuously from a rated value to zero. When the sliding member is reset along the circulating track, the contact force between the sliding member and the circulating track gradually increases, and the pulling force of the suspension trigger changes continuously from zero to a rated value. The trigger includes a base and a pull rod. A sliding block is arranged in the base, and rollers are arranged on both sides of the bottom of the sliding block. The rollers can slide up and down along the inner wall of the base. A transverse through hole is arranged on the sliding block, and one end of the pull rod is hinged to the base through the through hole of the sliding block, and a trigger rope is arranged on the other end of the pull rod. Locking blocks are hinged on both sides of the lower part of the base, and an upper card slot is arranged at the upper end of the locking block and a lower card slot is arranged at the lower end. The locking block has two Stable posture, one posture is a vertical posture, and the other posture is an inclined posture. The actuator is composed of a roller and two circulating tracks symmetrically arranged on the left and right. The circulating track is composed of a lowering section, a reversing section, and a reset section. The lowering section, the reversing section, and the reset section are connected end to end to form a closed track. The lowering section is in an arc shape that bulges upward, the reversing section is in a U shape, and the reset section is in an arc shape that bulges upward. The lowering section is connected to the reversing section, the reversing section is connected to the reset section, and the reset section is connected to the lowering section. Rollers are provided in each circulating track, and the rollers can roll back and forth in the circulating track. When the two rollers are located at the highest point of the lowering section and are stationary, the locking block is in a vertical posture, the roller on the sliding block is stuck in the upper groove of the locking block, the roller is stuck in the lower groove of the locking block, and the locking block closes the reset section outlet; when the two rollers move in the circulating track, the locking block is in an inclined posture, and the locking block opens the reset section outlet.

2. The mechanical retarder according to claim 1, characterized in that: A roller synchronization mechanism is also provided on the circulating track, and the roller synchronization mechanism includes a synchronization sleeve and a guide rod. The guide rod is longitudinally arranged between the two circulating tracks. The synchronization sleeve is a rectangular groove structure, and the rectangular groove is transversely installed on the guide rod. The rectangular groove can move axially along the guide rod. Two rollers are stuck in the rectangular groove of the synchronization sleeve and can slide in the rectangular groove.

3. The mechanical retarder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The roller comprises a roller shaft, both ends of which are provided with counterweights respectively, the roller shaft is clamped in the lower clamping groove of the locking block, and the mass of the roller is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the mass of the mechanical retarder.

4. A mechanical unloading device, characterized in that: The mechanical retarder comprises the mechanical retarder as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, and further comprises a hook device, a pulley mechanism and a weight, wherein the pulley mechanism is connected to the mechanical retarder, the mechanical retarder is connected to the hook device, the hook device is connected to the weight, and the hook device is located below the mechanical retarder.

5. The mechanical unloading device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hook device consists of a unhooking rope, a joystick and a hook claw. The joystick is connected to the actuator through the unhooking rope. One end of the unhooking rope is connected to one end of the joystick, and the other end is connected to the circulating track. The weight is connected to the bottom of the hook claw. The opening and closing of the hook claw is controlled by the joystick, thereby controlling the locking and opening of the hook claw on the weight.

6. The mechanical unloading device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The pulley mechanism is composed of a lifting ring, a fixed pulley block, a limit block, a first lifting rope and a second lifting rope. The fixed pulley block is connected to the lifting ring. The fixed pulley block is composed of two fixed pulleys with different radii. The large and small pulleys are coaxially arranged. The first lifting rope is wound around one side of the pulley groove of the large pulley, and the second lifting rope is wound around the other side of the pulley groove of the small pulley. The ratio of the distance from the first lifting rope to the center of the fixed pulley block to the distance from the second lifting rope to the center of the fixed pulley block is equal to the distance from the second lifting rope to the center of the fixed pulley block when lifting. The ratio of the tension on the rope to the tension on the first rope; the limit block is set on the second rope, The first hanging rope is connected to the base, and the second hanging rope is connected to the hook device.

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