Display device and method of driving the same

Abstract

A display device and a method for driving the display device are provided. A display device may include: a display panel, a first main sound generator and a sub sound generator disposed on a surface of the display panel. The first main sound generator outputs sound in a first directional mode, and each of the first main sound generator and the sub sound generator outputs sound in a second directional mode. Each directional mode may be a mode in which sound is directed toward a position of a specific viewer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to a display device integrated with a sound generator, and a method of driving the display device. Background Art

[0002] A display device such as a television or computer monitor may include a display panel for displaying an image and an integrated sound system including one or more sound generators for providing sound. Traditionally, the sound generator is a speaker mounted outside the perimeter of the display panel. Recently, a display device has been proposed in which the sound generator is mounted to the rear surface of the display panel, thereby reducing the footprint of the entire display device. Such a rear-mounted sound generator vibrates the display panel itself to generate sound waves that propagate outward from the display panel toward a user. Summary of the invention

[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure provide a display device capable of outputting sound in a specific direction.

[0004] Aspects of the present disclosure also provide a method of driving a display device capable of outputting sound in a specific direction.

[0005] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a display device is provided, the display device comprising: a display panel; and a first main sound generator and a sub sound generator, which are arranged on a surface of the display panel. The first main sound generator outputs sound in a first directional mode, and each of the first main sound generator and the sub sound generator outputs sound in a second directional mode.

[0006] In various embodiments:

[0007] The sub sound generator may be a first sub sound generator, and the display device may further include a second sub sound generator disposed on a surface of the display panel, wherein the first main sound generator and the second sub sound generator output sound in a third directional mode.

[0008] The first main sound generator may be disposed closer to the center of the display panel than the first and second sub sound generators.

[0009] The first sub sound generator may be disposed closer to a first side of the display panel than the first main sound generator, and the second sub sound generator may be disposed closer to a second side of the display panel than the first main sound generator.

[0010] The first side and the second side of the display panel may be located on opposite sides of the display panel.

[0011] The display device may further include a third sub-sound generator and a fourth sub-sound generator arranged on the surface of the display panel, wherein the first main sound generator and the third sub-sound generator output sound in a fourth directional mode, and the first main sound generator and the fourth sub-sound generator output sound in a fifth directional mode.

[0012] The first main sound generator, the first sub sound generator, the second sub sound generator, the third sub sound generator, and the fourth sub sound generator may collectively output sound in a non-directional mode.

[0013] The first main sound generator may be disposed closer to the center of the display panel than each of the third sub sound generator and the fourth sub sound generator.

[0014] The third sub sound generator may be disposed closer to a third side of the display panel than the first main sound generator, and the fourth sub sound generator may be disposed closer to a fourth side of the display panel than the first main sound generator.

[0015] The third side and the fourth side of the display panel may be located on opposite sides of the display panel.

[0016] The display device may also include a second main sound generator arranged on the surface of the display panel, wherein the distance between the first main sound generator and the second main sound generator is smaller than the distance between the first main sound generator and the first sub sound generator, the distance between the first main sound generator and the second sub sound generator, the distance between the second main sound generator and the first sub sound generator, and the distance between the second main sound generator and the second sub sound generator.

[0017] The size of the first main sound generator may be greater than that of each of the first sub sound generator and the second sub sound generator.

[0018] The sound output by the first main sound generator may have a fundamental frequency (F0) higher than fundamental frequencies of the sound output by the first sub sound generator and the sound output by the second sub sound generator.

[0019] The sound pressure level of the sound output by the first main sound generator is higher than the sound pressure level of the sound output by each of the first sub-sound generator and the second sub-sound generator in the high-frequency region, and the sound pressure level of the sound output by each of the first sub-sound generator and the second sub-sound generator is higher than the sound pressure level of the sound output by the first main sound generator in a low-frequency region lower than the high-frequency region.

[0020] The second sub sound generator outputs a sound wave in opposite phase to the sound of the first main sound generator in the second directional mode, and the first sub sound generator outputs a sound wave in opposite phase to the sound of the first main sound generator in the third directional mode.

[0021] The display device also includes a lower panel component, which includes a buffer member arranged below the display panel and a heat dissipation member arranged below the buffer member, wherein the first main sound generator, the first sub-sound generator and the second sub-sound generator are arranged below the buffer member and do not overlap with the heat dissipation member.

[0022] The display panel includes a first main vibration area in which a first main sound generator is arranged, a first sub-vibration area in which a first sub-sound generator is arranged, a second sub-vibration area in which a second sub-sound generator is arranged, and a propagation blocking area, wherein the propagation blocking area is arranged between the first main vibration area and the first sub-vibration area and between the first main vibration area and the second sub-vibration area.

[0023] The display device further includes a lower panel member including a buffer member disposed below the display panel and a heat dissipation member disposed below the buffer member, wherein the buffer member and the heat dissipation member are excluded from the propagation blocking area.

[0024] The display panel includes a lower substrate, a thin film transistor layer disposed on the lower substrate, a light emitting element layer disposed on the thin film transistor layer, and a thin film encapsulation layer disposed on the light emitting element layer, and the lower substrate is excluded from the propagation blocking region.

[0025] The thin film transistor layer, the light emitting element layer, and the thin film encapsulation layer are removed from the propagation blocking region.

[0026] The thin film encapsulation layer covers the side surface of the thin film transistor layer and the upper surface and the side surface of the light emitting element layer in the first main vibration region, the first sub vibration region, and the second sub vibration region.

[0027] The display device further includes a lower panel member including a buffer member disposed below the display panel and a heat dissipation member disposed below the buffer member, wherein the buffer member includes a plurality of grooves formed in a surface of the buffer member in the propagation blocking area.

[0028] The display device further includes a low-density material filling the plurality of grooves and having a density lower than that of the buffer member.

[0029] The display device also includes a metal layer filling at least a portion of each of the plurality of grooves.

[0030] The display device further includes a first flexible circuit board connecting the metal layer and the first main sound generator.

[0031] The display device further includes a protection layer disposed on the metal layer filling each of the plurality of grooves.

[0032] Each of the first main sound generator, the first sub-sound generator, and the second sub-sound generator includes: a first electrode, to which a first driving voltage is applied; a second electrode, to which a second driving voltage is applied; and a vibration layer, which is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode and contracts or expands according to the first driving voltage applied to the first electrode and the second driving voltage applied to the second electrode.

[0033] The display device further includes a first flexible circuit board electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode of the first main sound generator.

[0034] The display panel includes: a substrate; a flexible film attached to one side of the substrate; and a control circuit board electrically connected to the flexible film, wherein a first flexible circuit board is connected to a connection member provided on the control circuit board.

[0035] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for driving a display device is provided, the method comprising: capturing an image of an area in front of the display device by using a camera sensor; performing operations by a processing circuit, the operations comprising: determining a position of a user by analyzing the image captured by the camera sensor; when the user is positioned in front of a center of the display device, controlling a main sound generator that is set adjacent to the center of the display device to output a sound; when the user is positioned in front of a first side of the display device, controlling the main sound generator and a first sub-sound generator that is set closer to the first side of the display device than the main sound generator to output a sound; and when the user is positioned in front of a second side of the display device, controlling the main sound generator and a second sub-sound generator that is set closer to the second side of the display device than the main sound generator to output a sound.

[0036] In another aspect, a display device includes: a display panel; a plurality of sound generators spaced laterally apart from one another across a rear surface of the display panel and each of the sound generators vibratingly coupled to the rear surface of the display panel; and a control circuit. The control circuit is configured to activate selected ones of the plurality of sound generators to: (i) generate a first sound that arrives at a first location at a higher sound pressure level than a second location in a first directional mode; and (ii) generate a second sound that arrives at the second location at a higher sound pressure level than a first location in a second directional mode. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] These and / or other aspects will become apparent and more readily understood through the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals represent like elements or features, wherein:

[0038] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0039] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 An exploded perspective view of a display device;

[0040] Figure 3 It shows that Figure 2 A bottom view of an example of a display panel when the flexible film shown in FIG. 1 is not bent;

[0041] Figure 4 It shows that Figure 2 A bottom view of an example of a display panel when the flexible film shown in FIG. is bent;

[0042] Figure 5 It is shown Figure 3 a perspective view of an example of a first master sound generator;

[0043] Figure 6 It is shown Figure 3 a plan view of an example of a first primary sound generator;

[0044] Figure 7 It is shown along Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of an example cross section of line II';

[0045] Figure 8 A method of vibrating a vibration layer disposed between a first branch electrode and a second branch electrode of a first main sound generator is shown;

[0046] Fig. 9 and Fig.10 A method of vibrating a display panel by vibration of a first primary sound generator is shown;

[0047] Fig.11 is a block diagram of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0048] Fig.12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of driving a display device according to an embodiment;

[0049] Fig.13A , Fig. 13B , Fig. 13C , Fig.13D and Fig.13E shows example sound outputs of the sound generator when the user is positioned relative to the center, the first side, the second side, the third side, and the fourth side of the display device, respectively;

[0050] Fig.14 is a diagram for explaining noise cancellation of a sound output by a first main sound generator according to an embodiment;

[0051] Fig.15 is a graph showing example sound pressure level versus frequency for a primary sound generator according to an embodiment;

[0052] Fig.16A is a graph showing example sound pressure levels according to frequencies of sounds of a sub-sound generator according to an embodiment;

[0053] Fig. 16B is a graph showing an example sound pressure level and frequency of a sound obtained by adding a sound of a main sound generator and a sound of a sub sound generator according to an embodiment;

[0054] Fig.17 It is shown Figure 2 A bottom view of an example of a display panel shown in FIG.

[0055] Fig.18 It is shown Figure 2 A bottom view of an example of a display panel shown in FIG.

[0056] Fig.19 It is shown Figure 2 A bottom view of an example of a display panel shown in FIG.

[0057] Fig. 20 It is shown Figure 2 A bottom view of an example of a display panel shown in FIG.

[0058] Fig.21 It is shown along Fig. 20 A cross-sectional view of an example cross section of line II-II';

[0059] Fig. 22 It is shown in detail Fig.21 an enlarged cross-sectional view of a display panel;

[0060] Fig.23 It is shown along Fig. 20 A cross-sectional view of an example cross section of line II-II';

[0061] Fig.24 It is shown along Fig. 20 A cross-sectional view of another example cross section of line II-II';

[0062] Fig.25 It is shown Figure 2 A bottom view of an example of a display panel shown in FIG.

[0063] Fig.26 It is shown along Fig.25 A cross-sectional view of an example cross section of line III-III';

[0064] Fig. 27 It is shown along Fig.25 A cross-sectional view of another example cross section of line III-III';

[0065] Fig.28 It is shown Figure 2 A bottom view of an example of a display panel shown in FIG.

[0066] Fig.29 It is shown along Fig.28 A cross-sectional view of an example cross section of line IV-IV';

[0067] Fig.30 It is shown along Fig.28 A cross-sectional view of an example cross section of line V-V'; and

[0068] Fig.31 The sound output of the sound generator according to the image displayed on the display panel is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] Illustrative embodiments of the inventive concept will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. The inventive concept may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0070] In the drawings, the thickness of layers and regions may be exaggerated for clarity. It will also be understood that when a layer is referred to as being "on" another layer, surface, or substrate, the layer may be directly on the other layer, surface, or substrate, or intervening layers may also be present. Conversely, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" another element, there are no intervening elements present.

[0071] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a display device 10 according to the embodiment. Figure 2 yes Figure 1 FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the display device 10 . Figure 3 It shows that Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a bottom view of an example of a display panel 110 when the flexible film 122 is not bent. Figure 4 It shows that Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a bottom view of an example of a display panel 110 when the flexible film 122 is bent. Figure 3 and Figure 4 This is a bottom view, so it should be noted that Figure 3 and Figure 4 The left and right sides of the display device 10 are Figure 1 and Figure 2 The left and right sides of the display device 10 are opposite.

[0072] The display device 10 according to the embodiment may be, but is not limited to, an organic light emitting display using an organic light emitting element as a light emitting element or a micro light emitting display (inorganic light emitting display) using a micro light emitting diode (inorganic light emitting diode) as a light emitting element. An example of an organic light emitting display will be mainly described below.

[0073] Reference Figures 1 to 4 , the example display device 10 includes a cover frame 100 , a display panel 110 , a source driving circuit 121 , a flexible film 122 , a source circuit board 140 , a flexible cable 150 , a control circuit board 160 , a timing control circuit 170 , and a camera sensor 200 .

[0074] In the following discussion, the terms "upper", "top" and "upper surface" indicate the relative position where the upper substrate 112 is disposed relative to the lower substrate 111 of the display panel 110 (i.e., in the positive Z-axis direction). Similarly, the terms "lower", "bottom" and "lower surface" indicate the position where the lower substrate 111 is disposed relative to the upper substrate 112 of the display panel 110 (i.e., in the negative Z-axis direction). The top surface of the display panel 110 may also be referred to as the front surface (i.e., coinciding with the front side of the display device 10) where an image is output to a viewer ("user"). The lower surface of the display panel 110 may also be referred to as the rear surface of the display panel 110. In addition, "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" indicate the direction in a plane when the display panel 110 is viewed from the front side. For example, "left" indicates the positive X-axis direction, "right" indicates the negative X-axis direction, "upper" indicates the positive Y-axis direction, and "lower" indicates the negative Y-axis direction.

[0075] The cover frame 100 may be disposed around the edge of the display panel 110. For example, Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the cover frame 100 may be disposed to cover edges of the front, rear and side surfaces of the display panel 110. The cover frame 100 may cover a non-display area outside the display area of ​​the display panel 110. The cover frame 100 may include plastic, metal, or plastic and metal.

[0076] like Figure 2 As shown in FIG. 1 , the cover frame 100 may include an upper frame 101 and a lower frame 102. A camera hole CH exposing the camera sensor 200 may be formed in an upper surface of the upper frame 101. Figure 2 In the embodiment, the camera hole CH is formed on the upper side of the upper frame 101. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this case. For example, the camera hole CH may also be formed on the left side, right side or lower side of the upper frame 101.

[0077] The display panel 110 may be substantially rectangular in plan view. Figure 2As shown in , the display panel 110 may have a rectangular planar shape having a short side in a first direction (X-axis direction) and a long side in a second direction (Y-axis direction). Each corner where the long side extending in the X-axis direction meets the short side extending in the Y-axis direction may be a right angle, or may be rounded with a predetermined curvature. The planar shape of the display panel 110 is not limited to a rectangular shape, but may alternatively be another polygonal shape, a circular shape, or an elliptical shape.

[0078] exist Figure 2 In the embodiment, the display panel 110 is formed flat. However, in other embodiments, the display panel 110 may be curved with a predetermined curvature.

[0079] The display panel 110 may include a lower substrate 111 and an upper substrate 112. The lower substrate 111 and the upper substrate 112 may be rigid or flexible. The lower substrate 111 may be made of glass or plastic, and the upper substrate 112 may be made of glass, plastic, an encapsulation film or a barrier film. The plastic may be polyethersulfone (PES), polyacrylate (PA), polyarylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyallyl compound, polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), cellulose triacetate (CTA), cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) or a combination of these materials. The encapsulation film or barrier film may be a metal encapsulation film or a film in which a plurality of inorganic layers are stacked.

[0080] The display panel 110 may further include a thin film transistor layer, a light emitting element layer, and a thin film encapsulation layer disposed between the lower substrate 111 and the upper substrate 112. Fig. 22 The thin film transistor layer, the light emitting element layer, and the thin film encapsulation layer of the display panel 110 are described in detail.

[0081] Since the size of the lower substrate 111 is larger than that of the upper substrate 112, one side of the lower substrate 111 may be exposed without being covered by the upper substrate 112. The flexible film 122 may be attached to the exposed side of the lower substrate 111 that is not covered by the upper substrate 112. Each of the flexible films 122 may be a tape carrier package or a chip on film. Each of the flexible films 122 may be attached to the lower substrate 111 by tape automated bonding (TAB) using an anisotropic conductive film. Therefore, the source driving circuit 121 may be connected to the data line.

[0082] Each of the flexible films 122 is bendable. Figure 4 The flexible cable 150 is bent toward the rear surface of the lower substrate 111 as shown in FIG. In this case, the source circuit board 140 , the flexible cable 150 , and the control circuit board 160 may be disposed on the rear surface of the lower substrate 111 .

[0083] Despite Figure 2 Eight flexible films 122 are attached to the lower substrate 111 of the display panel 110 , but more or fewer flexible films 122 may be used in other embodiments.

[0084] The source driving circuits 121 may be mounted on respective surfaces of the flexible film 122, respectively. The source driving circuits 121 may be formed as integrated circuits. The source driving circuits 121 convert digital video data into analog data voltages according to source control signals of the timing control circuit 170, and supply the analog data voltages to data lines of the display panel 110 through the flexible film 122.

[0085] One side of each flexible film 122 may be attached to a surface of the lower substrate 111 of the display panel 110, and the other side of each flexible film 122 may be attached to a surface of the source circuit board 140. The source circuit board 140 may be connected to the control circuit board 160 via a flexible cable 150. To this end, the source circuit board 140 may include a first connector 151 for connecting to the flexible cable 150. The source circuit board 140 may be a flexible printed circuit board or a printed circuit board.

[0086] The control circuit board 160 may be connected to the source circuit board 140 via the flexible cable 150. To this end, the control circuit board 160 may include a second connector 152 for connecting to the flexible cable 150. The control circuit board 160 may be a flexible printed circuit board or a printed circuit board. More or less than Figure 2 Four flexible cables 150 are shown.

[0087] The timing control circuit 170 may be mounted on the surface of the control circuit board 160. The timing control circuit 170 may be formed as an integrated circuit. The timing control circuit 170 may receive digital video data and a timing signal from a system on chip (discussed later), and generate a source control signal for controlling the timing of the source driving circuit 121 according to the timing signal.

[0088] The system on chip may be mounted on a system circuit board connected to the control circuit board 160 via another flexible cable and may be formed as an integrated circuit. The system on chip may be a processor of a smart TV, a central processing unit (CPU) or a graphic card of a computer or notebook, or an application processor of a smart phone or a tablet PC.

[0089] A power supply circuit may be additionally mounted on the surface of the control circuit board 160. The power supply circuit may generate a voltage required for driving the display panel 110 from a main power supply received from the system circuit board, and supply the generated voltage to the display panel 110. For example, the power supply circuit may generate a high potential voltage, a low potential voltage, and an initialization voltage for driving an organic light emitting element from the main power supply, and supply the generated voltage to the display panel 110. In addition, the power supply circuit may generate a driving voltage for driving the source driving circuit 121, the timing control circuit 170, etc. from the main power supply, and supply the generated voltage. The power supply circuit may be formed as an integrated circuit.

[0090] The camera sensor 200 may be disposed in the camera hole CH of the cover frame 100. Therefore, the camera sensor 200 may photograph an area in front of the display device 10. The camera sensor 200 may be a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor or a charge coupled device (CCD) image sensor.

[0091] The camera sensor 200 may be electrically connected to a system-on-chip mounted on a system circuit board. The camera sensor 200 may output a captured image to the system-on-chip, and the system-on-chip may analyze the image captured by the camera sensor 200 to determine the position of the viewer (user) relative to the display device 10. For example, the position of the user may be classified as being located in front of the center, first side, second side, third side, or fourth side of the display device 10. By selectively controlling the sound output of a plurality of sound generators according to the position of the user, the system-on-chip may cause the maximum sound to be output toward the position of the user.

[0092] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in FIG. 1 , a plurality of sound generators 510, 520, 610, 620, 630, 640, 650, 660, 670, 680, 690 and 700 (hereinafter, for simplicity, sound generators 510 to 520, 610 to 700 or just "sound generators") may be disposed on the lower (rear) surface of the display panel 110. The sound generators that may be spaced apart from each other and distributed across the rear surface may be vibration generators that are capable of generating vibrations up and down (in the Z direction). Each sound generator may vibrate the display panel 110 up and down, thereby outputting sound waves that propagate outwardly from the front surface of the display panel 110. Therefore, the sound generator may be considered to be vibratingly coupled to the display panel 110 so that the display panel 110 generates sound. The sound generator may be implemented as an eccentric rotating mass (ERM) motor, a linear resonant actuator (LRA) or a piezoelectric actuator, etc. The following will mainly describe the case where the sound generator is a piezoelectric actuator as an example.

[0093] The sound generators 510 to 520 are arranged at the central area of ​​the display panel 110, while the sound generators 610 to 700 are arranged at the peripheral positions of the display panel 110. In the following example, the sound generators 510 and 520 may be referred to as the first main sound generator and the second main sound generator, respectively, and the sound generators 610 to 700 may be referred to as the first sub-sound generator to the tenth sub-sound generator. As explained in detail below, the display device 10 includes a processing circuit (e.g., within a system on a chip), and the processing circuit may activate the selected sound generators of the sound generators 510 to 520 and 610 to 700 to output the sound reaching the user's position at a higher sound pressure level than the sound pressure level reaching other positions (equidistant from the display panel 110) where the user is not. To this end, the processing circuit may determine and set a specific "directional mode" for outputting the sound, which may be understood as a mode for outputting the sound in a path biased in a direction toward the user's position.

[0094] For example, the "third directional mode" may be a "right directional mode" which is designed to direct sound energy toward a user located in front of the right side of the display panel 110. Assume that the user is located at the right side at a Z-axis distance "d" from the display panel 110, and the third directional mode is activated. In this case, the sound pressure level of the sound reaching the user may be higher than the sound pressure level of the sound reaching the left position at the Z-axis distance d from the display panel 110 (where the user is not detected). Therefore, the technology conceived according to the inventive concept can provide the user with the desired sound pressure level while reducing the undesired sound energy at other positions (e.g., positions where people who are not interested in receiving the sound may be located). In other words, compared to the "non-directional" situation where all sound generators are equally activated and driven with the same sound signal and signal level, the activation of the directional mode can reduce the total amount of sound energy output, but due to the bias, the desired sound pressure level of the sound is still provided to the user.

[0095] The bias of the sound energy in the above and other examples of the directional mode here can be achieved by activating a subset of the sound generators at one side of the display panel 110, while deactivating a subset of the sound generators at one or more other sides of the display panel 110. Therefore, a specific "directional mode" can be understood as a "sound source position" mode, because it is the general position of the sound source that can be effectively selected in each directional mode. In the example described below, the sound generators 510 to 520 of the central setting are activated in all directional modes (and in non-directional mode), and are therefore referred to as main signal generators. The sound generators 610 to 700 of the peripheral setting are selectively activated in the directional mode, and are therefore referred to as sub-sound generators. At least one of the sub-sound generators 610 to 700 can be activated in any given directional mode, and another or more of the sub-sound generators 610 to 700 can be deactivated in the directional mode.

[0096] Note that in Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the example of , two main sound generators 510 to 520 and ten sub-sound generators 610 to 700 are provided. In other embodiments, the number of main sound generators and / or the number of sub-sound generators may be different. In addition, in some embodiments, the main sound generators 510 to 520 may have the same design construction (e.g., size and frequency response characteristics) as the design construction of the sub-sound generators 610 to 700. In other embodiments, the main sound generators 510 to 520 may be larger than the sub-sound generators 610 to 700 and / or may have different frequency response characteristics.

[0097] As described, the sound generators 510 and 520 can output sounds in all operation modes, that is, regardless of the sound directional mode. For example, the first main sound generator 510 and the second main sound generator 520 can output sounds in a first directional mode for outputting sounds forward from the center of the display panel 110, a second directional mode for outputting sounds forward from the first side of the display panel 110, a third directional mode for outputting sounds forward from the second side of the display panel 110, a fourth directional mode for outputting sounds forward from the third side of the display panel 110, a fifth directional mode for outputting sounds forward from the fourth side of the display panel 110, and a non-directional mode in which all the sound generators are activated. Here, the first side of the display panel 110 may be the left side, the second side may be the right side, the third side may be the lower side, and the fourth side may be the upper side. On the other hand, which of the first to tenth sub-sound generators 610 to 700 will output sounds, if any, may be determined based on the sound directional mode. This will be referred to later. FIG. 13A to FIG. 13EDescribed in detail are which / whether the first to tenth sub-sound generators 610 to 700 will output sound in each of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and non-directional modes.

[0098] Each of the main sound generators 510 to 520 may be positioned closer to the center of the display panel 110 than the sub sound generators 610 to 700. The first main sound generator 510 may be disposed closer to a first side of the display panel 110 than the second main sound generator 520, and the second main sound generator 520 may be disposed closer to a second side of the display panel 110 than the first main sound generator 510.

[0099] The first sub sound generator 610, the third sub sound generator 630, and the fifth sub sound generator 650 may be disposed close to the first side of the display panel 110. For example, Figure 3 As shown in FIG. 1 , the first sub sound generator 610 may be disposed at the left center of the display panel 110 , the third sub sound generator 630 may be disposed on the lower left side of the display panel 110 , and the fifth sub sound generator 650 may be disposed on the upper left side of the display panel 110 .

[0100] The second sub sound generator 620, the fourth sub sound generator 640, and the sixth sub sound generator 660 may be disposed close to the second side of the display panel 110. Figure 3 As shown in FIG. 1 , the second sub sound generator 620 may be disposed at the right center of the display panel 110 , the fourth sub sound generator 640 may be disposed on the lower right side of the display panel 110 , and the sixth sub sound generator 660 may be disposed on the upper right side of the display panel 110 .

[0101] The seventh sub sound generator 670 may be disposed closer to the third side of the display panel 110 than the first main sound generator 510, and the eighth sub sound generator 680 may be disposed closer to the third side of the display panel 110 than the second main sound generator 520. The ninth sub sound generator 690 may be disposed closer to the fourth side of the display panel 110 than the first main sound generator 510, and the tenth sub sound generator 700 may be disposed closer to the fourth side of the display panel 110 than the second main sound generator 520.

[0102] Each of the sound generators 510 to 520, 610 to 700 may be connected to the control circuit board 160 through a flexible circuit board. For example, the first main sound generator 510, the first sub sound generator 610, the third sub sound generator 630, the fifth sub sound generator 650, the seventh sub sound generator 670, and the ninth sub sound generator 690 may be connected to the first flexible circuit board 710, and when the flexible film 122 is connected as shown in FIG. Figure 4 When bent toward the lower surface of the display panel 110 as shown in FIG. 1 , the first connection portion 711 of the first flexible circuit board 710 may be connected to the third connection member 712 of the control circuit board 160 placed on the lower surface of the display panel 110 .

[0103] For example, the first flexible circuit board 710 may include a first trunk portion 710a and first to seventh branch portions 710b to 710h branched from the first trunk portion 710a. The first branch portion 710b may branch from the first trunk portion 710a toward the second side and may be connected to the first main sound generator 510. The second branch portion 710c may branch from the first trunk portion 710a toward the first side and may be connected to the first sub-sound generator 610. The third branch portion 710d may branch from the first trunk portion 710a toward the first side and may be connected to the third sub-sound generator 630. The fourth branch portion 710e may branch from the first trunk portion 710a toward the first side and may be connected to the fifth sub-sound generator 650. The fifth branch portion 710f may branch from the first trunk portion 710a toward the second side and may be connected to the seventh sub-sound generator 670. The sixth branch portion 710g may branch from the first trunk portion 710a toward the second side and may be connected to the ninth sub-sound generator 690. The seventh branch portion 710h may branch from the first trunk portion 710a toward the second side and may be connected to the third connection member 712 of the control circuit board 160. To this end, the first connection portion 711 may be formed at an end of the seventh branch portion 710h.

[0104] In addition, the second main sound generator 520, the second sub sound generator 620, the fourth sub sound generator 640, the sixth sub sound generator 660, the eighth sub sound generator 680, and the tenth sub sound generator 700 may be connected to the second flexible circuit board 720, and when the flexible film 122 is as Figure 4 When bent toward the lower surface of the display panel 110 as shown in FIG. 1 , the second connection portion 721 of the second flexible circuit board 720 may be connected to the fourth connection piece 722 of the control circuit board 160 placed on the lower surface of the display panel 110 .

[0105] For example, the second flexible circuit board 720 may include a second trunk portion 720a and an eighth branch portion 720b to a fourteenth branch portion 720h branched from the second trunk portion 720a. The eighth branch portion 720b may be branched from the second trunk portion 720a toward the first side and may be connected to the second main sound generator 520. The ninth branch portion 720c may be branched from the second trunk portion 720a toward the second side and may be connected to the second sub-sound generator 620. The tenth branch portion 720d may be branched from the second trunk portion 720a toward the second side and may be connected to the fourth sub-sound generator 640. The eleventh branch portion 720e may be branched from the second trunk portion 720a toward the second side and may be connected to the sixth sub-sound generator 660. The twelfth branch portion 720f may be branched from the second trunk portion 720a toward the first side and may be connected to the eighth sub-sound generator 680. The thirteenth branch portion 720g may be branched from the second trunk portion 720a toward the first side and may be connected to the tenth sub-sound generator 700. The fourteenth branch portion 720h may branch from the second trunk portion 720a toward the first side and may be connected to the fourth connection member 722 of the control circuit board 160. To this end, the second connection portion 721 may be formed at an end of the fourteenth branch portion 720h.

[0106] exist Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the embodiment, a plurality of sound generators (e.g., six sound generators) are connected to the control circuit board 160 via one flexible circuit board. In other examples, different connection arrangements may be made. For example, the first main sound generator 510 and the second main sound generator 520 and the first sub-sound generator 610 to the tenth sub-sound generator 700 may be connected to the control circuit board 160 via separate flexible circuit boards, respectively.

[0107] according to Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , since a plurality of sound generators are arranged to be distributed across the rear surface of the display panel 110 and the sound generators are selectively activated individually according to the sound directional mode, sound can be output biased in a specific direction with maximum sound energy toward a target position.

[0108] Figure 5 It is shown Figure 3 2 is a perspective view of an example of a first primary sound generator 510 . Figure 6 is a floor plan of this example. Figure 7 It is shown along Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of an example cross section taken along line II'. Figure 8A method of vibrating the vibration layer 511 disposed between the first branch electrode 5122 and the second branch electrode 5132 of the first main sound generator 510 is shown. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 A method of vibrating the display panel 110 through the vibration of the first main sound generator 510 is shown.

[0109] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The first main sound generator 510 includes a vibration layer 511, a first electrode 512, a second electrode 513, a first pad electrode 512a and a second pad electrode 513a.

[0110] The first electrode 512 may include a first trunk electrode 5121 and a first branch electrode 5122. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown in FIG. 1 , the first trunk electrode 5121 may be disposed only on one side surface of the vibration layer 511, or may be disposed on multiple side surfaces of the vibration layer 511. The first trunk electrode 5121 may also be disposed on the upper surface of the vibration layer 511. The first branch electrodes 5122 may branch from the first trunk electrode 5121. The first branch electrodes 5122 may be arranged in parallel with each other.

[0111] The second electrode 513 may include a second trunk electrode 5131 and a second branch electrode 5132. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown in FIG. 5 , the second trunk electrode 5131 may be disposed on the other side surface of the vibration layer 511, or may be disposed on multiple side surfaces of the vibration layer 511. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown in FIG. 1 , the first trunk electrode 5121 may be disposed on any one side surface on which the second trunk electrode 5131 is disposed. The second trunk electrode 5131 may be disposed on the upper surface of the vibration layer 511. The first trunk electrode 5121 and the second trunk electrode 5131 may not overlap each other. The second branch electrode 5132 may branch from the second trunk electrode 5131. The second branch electrodes 5132 may be arranged in parallel with each other.

[0112] The first branch electrode 5122 and the second branch electrode 5132 may be arranged parallel to each other in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction or Y-axis direction). Alternatively, the first branch electrode 5122 and the second branch electrode 5132 may be arranged in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction). That is, the first branch electrode 5122 and the second branch electrode 5132 may be repeatedly arranged in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) in the order of the first branch electrode 5122, the second branch electrode 5132, the first branch electrode 5122 and the second branch electrode 5132.

[0113] The first pad electrode 512a may be connected to the first electrode 512. The first pad electrode 512a may protrude outward from a first trunk electrode 5121 disposed on a side surface of the vibration layer 511. The second pad electrode 513a may be connected to the second electrode 513. The second pad electrode 513a may protrude outward from a second trunk electrode 5131 disposed on a side surface of the vibration layer 511. That is, the first pad electrode 512a and the second pad electrode 513a may protrude outward from the first trunk electrode 5121 and the second trunk electrode 5131 disposed on the same side surface of the vibration layer 511.

[0114] The first pad electrode 512a and the second pad electrode 513a may be connected to a lead or pad electrode of the first flexible circuit board 710. The lead or pad electrode of the first flexible circuit board 710 may be disposed on a lower surface of the first flexible circuit board 710.

[0115] The vibration layer 511 may be a piezoelectric actuator that is deformed according to a first driving voltage applied to the first electrode 512 and a second driving voltage applied to the second electrode 513. In this case, the vibration layer 511 may be any one of a piezoelectric material such as a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film or lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and an electroactive polymer.

[0116] Since the manufacturing temperature of the vibration layer 511 is high, the first electrode 512 and the second electrode 513 may both be made of silver (Ag) having a high melting point or an alloy of Ag and palladium (Pd). When the first electrode 512 and the second electrode 513 are made of an alloy of Ag and Pd, in order to increase the melting point of the electrodes, the content of Ag may be higher than the content of Pd.

[0117] The vibration layer 511 may be disposed between the first branch electrode 5122 and the second branch electrode 5132. The vibration layer 511 contracts or expands according to a difference between a first driving voltage applied to the first branch electrode 5122 and a second driving voltage applied to the second branch electrode 5132.

[0118] For example, Figure 7As shown in , the polarity direction of the vibration layer 511 disposed between the first branch electrode 5122 and the second branch electrode 5132 disposed below the first branch electrode 5122 may be an upward direction (↑). In this case, the vibration layer 511 has a positive polarity in an upper region adjacent to the first branch electrode 5122, and has a negative polarity in a lower region adjacent to the second branch electrode 5132. In addition, the polarity direction of the vibration layer 511 disposed between the second branch electrode 5132 and the first branch electrode 5122 disposed below the second branch electrode 5132 may be a downward direction (↓). In this case, the vibration layer 511 has a negative polarity in an upper region adjacent to the second branch electrode 5132, and has a positive polarity in a lower region adjacent to the first branch electrode 5122. The polarity direction of the vibration layer 511 may be determined by a polarization process of applying an electric field to the vibration layer 511 using the first branch electrode 5122 and the second branch electrode 5132.

[0119] Reference Figure 8 , when the polarity direction of the vibration layer 511 disposed between the first branch electrode 5122 and the second branch electrode 5132 disposed below the first branch electrode 5122 is an upward direction (↑), if a first driving voltage of a positive polarity is applied to the first branch electrode 5122 and a second driving voltage of a negative polarity is applied to the second branch electrode 5132, the vibration layer 511 may contract according to a first force F1. The first force F1 may be a compressive force. In addition, if a first driving voltage of a negative polarity is applied to the first branch electrode 5122 and a second driving voltage of a positive polarity is applied to the second branch electrode 5132, the vibration layer 511 may expand according to a second force F2. The second force F2 may be a tensile force.

[0120] In addition, when the polarity direction of the vibration layer 511 disposed between the second branch electrode 5132 and the first branch electrode 5122 disposed below the second branch electrode 5132 is in the downward direction (↓), if a first driving voltage of a positive polarity is applied to the second branch electrode 5132 and a second driving voltage of a negative polarity is applied to the first branch electrode 5122, the vibration layer 511 may expand according to tension. In addition, if a first driving voltage of a negative polarity is applied to the second branch electrode 5132 and a second driving voltage of a positive polarity is applied to the first branch electrode 5122, the vibration layer 511 may contract according to compression.

[0121] according to Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In the embodiment shown in FIG, if a first driving voltage applied to the first electrode 512 and a second driving voltage applied to the second electrode 513 are repeatedly alternated between positive polarity and negative polarity, the vibration layer 511 may be repeatedly contracted and expanded, thereby causing the first main sound generator 510 to vibrate.

[0122] Since the first main sound generator 510 is disposed on the lower surface of the display panel 110, if the vibration layer 511 of the first main sound generator 510 contracts and expands, the display panel 110 may be as shown. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 The ground shown in FIG. 1 vibrates up and down due to stress. The vibration of the display panel 110 may cause the display device 10 itself to output sound. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 In the example of FIG. 5 , the plate 940 is disposed between the sound generator 510 and the lower substrate 111 , and the separation layer 930 is disposed between the lower substrate 111 and the upper substrate 112 .

[0123] The second main sound generator 520 and the first to tenth sub sound generators 610 to 700 may each have the same configuration as described above. Figures 8 to 10 The configuration of the first main sound generator 510 described above is substantially the same configuration, and thus a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0124] Fig.11 1 is a block diagram of a display device 10 according to an embodiment. In this example, the display device 10 includes a display panel 110, a data driver 120, a scan driver 130, a timing control circuit 170, a processing circuit 180, and a camera sensor 200. Hereinafter, the processing circuit 180 will be exemplified and interchangeably referred to as a system-on-chip 180 that may include at least one processor Pr and a memory M.

[0125] The display panel 110 may be divided into a display area DA and a non-display area NDA disposed around the display area DA. The display area DA is an area where pixels P are formed to display an image. The display panel 110 may include data lines D1 to Dm (where m is an integer of 2 or more), scan lines S1 to Sn (where n is an integer of 2 or more) intersecting the data lines D1 to Dm, and pixels P connected to the data lines D1 to Dm and the scan lines S1 to Sn.

[0126] Each pixel P may be connected to at least one of the data lines D1 to Dm and at least one of the scan lines S1 to Sn. Each pixel P of the display panel 110 may include an organic light emitting element, a plurality of transistors for supplying current to the organic light emitting element, and at least one capacitor. The organic light emitting element may be an organic light emitting diode including a first electrode, an organic light emitting layer, and a second electrode.

[0127] The data driver 120 may include a plurality of source driving circuits 121. Each source driving circuit 121 receives digital video data DATA and a source control signal DCS from the timing control circuit 170. Each source driving circuit 121 converts the digital video data DATA into an analog data voltage according to the source control signal DCS, and supplies the analog data voltage to the data lines D1 to Dm of the display panel 110.

[0128] The scan driver 130 receives a scan control signal SCS from the timing control circuit 170. The scan driver 130 generates a scan signal according to the scan control signal SCS and supplies the scan signal to the scan lines S1 to Sn of the display panel 110. The scan driver 130 may include a plurality of transistors and may be formed in the non-display area NDA of the display panel 110. Alternatively, the scan driver 130 may be formed as an integrated circuit, in which case the scan driver 130 may be mounted on a gate flexible film attached to the lower substrate 111 of the display panel 110.

[0129] The timing control circuit 170 receives the digital video data DATA and a timing signal from the system on chip 180. The timing signal may include a vertical synchronization signal, a horizontal synchronization signal, a data enable signal, and a dot clock.

[0130] The timing control circuit 170 generates control signals for controlling the operation timing of the source driving circuit 121 of the data driver 120 and the operation timing of the scan driver 130. The control signals may include a source control signal DCS for controlling the operation timing of the source driving circuit 121 of the data driver 120 and a scan control signal SCS for controlling the operation timing of the scan driver 130.

[0131] The camera sensor 200 may capture an image IM of an area in front of the display device 10 and output the captured image IM to the on-chip system 180 .

[0132] The system on chip 180 analyzes the image IM received from the camera sensor 200 to determine the user's position. Specifically, the system on chip 180 analyzes the image IM to determine which of the center, first side, second side, third side, and fourth side of the display panel 110 the user is facing.

[0133] For example, when the user is located in front of the center of the display panel 110, the system on chip 180 may control the plurality of sound generators to be in a first directional mode, in which the sound of the sound generator is directed forward from the center of the display panel 110. Here, "in front of" the display panel is synonymous with "opposite to" the display panel, and these terms may be used interchangeably herein. When the user is positioned relative to the first side of the display panel 110, the system on chip 180 may control the sound generators to be in a second directional mode, in which the sound of the sound generator is directed forward from the first side of the display panel 110. Similarly, when the user is positioned relative to the second side, the third side, or the fourth side of the display panel 110, the system on chip 180 may control the sound generators to be in a third directional mode, a fourth directional mode, or a fifth directional mode, respectively, in which the sound of the sound generator is directed forward from the corresponding second side, the third side, or the fourth side of the display panel 110.

[0134] In order to determine whether the user is positioned relative to the center or the first to fourth sides of the display panel 110, corresponding areas in front of the display panel 110 may be predetermined, and the head or face of the user may be detected in one of these areas using the camera sensor 200. The area may be defined by XY coordinates, wherein the depth from the display panel 110 in the Z-axis direction may be ignored. (Alternatively, in order to establish a directional mode, the user may be considered to be located in one of the areas only after it is determined that the depth of the user from the display panel 110 in the Z-axis direction is within a specific range.) For example, when the user is considered to be relative to the center of the display device 10, the user's head is detected in a first area around the Z-axis passing through the center point of the display panel 110. The first area may be circular or polygonal (e.g., rectangular or square). Similarly, when the user is considered to be opposite to or located in front of the first side, second side, third side, or fourth side of the display device 10, the user's head is within a predetermined second predetermined area, a third predetermined area, a fourth predetermined area, or a fifth predetermined area respectively around a corresponding axis passing through a predetermined first point, a second point, a third point, or a fourth point of the display panel 110. In this way, the boundary between the areas in the XY plane is established so that the area within which the user's head is located can be objectively identified. Therefore, an appropriate orientation mode can be set based on the position of the user.

[0135] In addition, when a plurality of users are positioned to face one or more of the center and the first to fourth sides of the display panel 110, the system on chip 180 may control the sound generator by combining a plurality of directional modes. For example, when the user is located in front of the center and the first side of the display panel 110, the system on chip 180 controls the sound generator to be in a first directional mode and a second directional mode in which the sound of the sound generator is directed forward from the center of the display panel 110.

[0136] In addition, when the sound generator is not required to output sound in a specific direction because multiple users are located in different facing multiple positions among the center, first side, second side, third side and fourth side of the display panel 110, the on-chip system 180 can control the sound generator to be in a non-directional mode.

[0137] The system on chip 180 may generate a sound control signal SOCS for controlling the sound generator, and output the sound control signal SOCS to an integrated sound driver (ISP) 190. The integrated sound driver 190 may generate a plurality of sound driving signals MSDS1, MSDS2, and SSDS1 to SSDS10 according to the sound control signal SOCS, and output the sound driving signals MSDS1, MSDS2, and SSDS1 to SSDS10 to the sound generator.

[0138] The integrated sound driver 190 may include a digital signal processor (DSP) for processing a sound control signal SOCS as a digital signal, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for converting the digital signal processed by the DSP into sound driving signals MSDS1, MSDS2 and SSDS1 to SSDS10 as analog signals, and an amplifier (AMP) for amplifying the analog signal output from the DAC and outputting the amplified analog signal.

[0139] The sound driving signals MSDS1, MSDS2, and SSDS1 to SSDS10 may include a first main sound driving signal MSDS1 for driving the first main sound generator 510 and a second main sound driving signal MSDS2 for driving the second main sound generator 520. In addition, the sound driving signals MSDS1, MSDS2, and SSDS1 to SSDS10 may further include first sub sound driving signals SSDS1 to tenth sub sound driving signals SSDS1 to 10th sub sound driving signals SSDS1 to 10th sub sound driving signals SSDS1 to 10th sub sound generators 610 to 700.

[0140] The sound driving signals MSDS1, MSDS2 and SSDS1 to SSDS10 may include the following: Figures 5 to 7At least two driving voltages for the first electrode and the second electrode of each of the sound generators shown in FIG. In addition, each of the at least two driving voltages may be an alternating voltage that swings between positive and negative polarities relative to a predetermined reference voltage.

[0141] The integrated sound driver 190 may be mounted on a system circuit board together with the system on chip 180 , or may be mounted on a control circuit board 160 together with the timing control circuit 170 .

[0142] exist Fig.11 , the display device 10 includes an integrated sound driver 190 for outputting a plurality of sound drive signals MSDS1, MSDS2, and SSDS1 to SSDS10 to a plurality of sound generators. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this case. That is, the display device 10 may also include a plurality of sound drivers connected to the sound generators one-to-one. Alternatively, the display device 10 may include a main sound driver connected to the first main sound generator 510 and the second main sound generator 520 and a sub-sound driver connected to the first sub-sound generator 610 to the tenth sub-sound generator 700.

[0143] The system on chip 180 may include a scaler for converting digital video data DATA input from the outside according to the resolution of the display panel 110. The system on chip 180 may include a converter for converting the digital video data DATA to enhance the quality of the image. The system on chip 180 outputs the digital video data DATA to the timing control circuit 170.

[0144] Fig.12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of driving the display device 10 according to an embodiment. Fig.13A , Fig. 13B , Fig. 13C , Fig.13D and Fig.13E Example sound outputs of the sound generator are shown when the user is located opposite to the center, the first side, the second side, the third side, and the fourth side of the display device 10, respectively. Fig.14is a diagram for explaining the noise elimination of the sound output by the first main sound generator 510 according to the embodiment. The method may be performed by at least one processor Pr of the system on chip 180 executing instructions read from the memory M of the system on chip 180. In the method, first, the system on chip 180 receives a captured image of an area in front of the display device 10 from the camera sensor 200. The system on chip 180 analyzes the image captured by the camera sensor 200 to determine which of the center, first side, second side, third side, and fourth side of the display device 10 the user is facing. For example, the system on chip 180 may find the face of the user in the image captured by the camera sensor 200, thereby determining which display panel area of ​​the center, first side, second side, third side, and fourth side of the display device 10 the user's face is facing ( Fig.12 Operation S101 in .

[0145] Second, when users Fig.13A When the display device 10 is positioned in front of the center thereof as shown in FIG. 1 , the system on chip 180 controls the plurality of sound generators in the first directional mode. For example, as shown in FIG. Fig.13A As shown in FIG. 1 , the system on chip 180 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 using only the first main sound generator 510 and the second main sound generator 520 among all the sound generators ( Fig.12 Operation S102 and operation S103 in the above embodiment).

[0146] Specifically, the system on chip 180 outputs the sound control signal SOCS to the integrated sound driver 190, so that the display panel 110 vibrates to output sound through the first main sound generator 510, the display panel 110 vibrates to output sound through the second main sound generator 520, and the first sub-sound generator 610 to the tenth sub-sound generator 700 do not output sound.

[0147] The integrated sound driver 190 outputs the first main sound driving signal MSDS1 to the first main sound generator 510, and outputs the second main sound driving signal MSDS2 to the second main sound generator 520. In addition, the integrated sound driver 190 does not output the first to tenth sub sound driving signals SSDS1 to SSDS10 to the first to tenth sub sound generators 610 to 700. Alternatively, the integrated sound driver 190 may output the first to tenth sub sound driving signals SSDS1 to SSDS10 so that the vibration layer 511 of each of the first to tenth sub sound generators 610 to 700 does not vibrate. In this case, each of the first to tenth sub sound driving signals SSDS1 to SSDS10 may have a DC voltage or at least two driving voltages having the same voltage.

[0148] Therefore, in the first directional mode, the first main sound generator 510 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the first main sound driving signal MSDS1, and the second main sound generator 520 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the second main sound driving signal MSDS2. FIG. 13A to FIG. 13E As shown in FIG. 1 , for example, the sound is output forward mainly from the center of the display device 10 with the maximum sound energy directed toward one or more users at a position opposite to the center of the display panel 110. This can effectively reduce the sound pressure level of the unwanted sound reaching positions other than the area opposite to the center of the display panel 110 (such as outside the periphery of the display panel 110 where people who are not interested in the sound are located).

[0149] exist Fig.13A , the first to tenth sub-sound generators 610 to 700 do not output sound by not vibrating the display panel 110. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this case. For example, each of the first to tenth sub-sound generators 610 to 700 may output a sound wave that may cancel out a sound traveling in a direction other than the direction forward from the center of the display device 10 among the sound output by the first main sound generator 510 and the sound output by the second main sound generator 520. To this end, as Fig.14 As shown in FIG. 1 , a sound wave having an opposite phase to the sound output by the first main sound generator 510 or the sound output by the second main sound generator 520 may be output by each of the first to tenth sub sound generators 610 to 700. Fig.14 , the sound OS output by the first main sound driving signal MSDS1 or the second main sound driving signal MSDS2, the cancelling sound wave IS for cancelling the output sound OS, and the sound RS reduced due to the cancelling sound wave IS are shown. That is, each of the first sub-sound generator 610 to the tenth sub-sound generator 700 can output a sound wave for noise cancellation. Therefore, this can further reduce the situation in which the sound reaches a person who is not located in an area opposite to the center of the display device 10.

[0150] Third, when users Fig. 13B When the first side of the display device 10 is shown in the figure, the system on chip 180 controls the sound generator to be in the second directional mode. In the second directional mode, as shown in the figure, the sound generator is in the second directional mode. Fig. 13B As shown in FIG. 1 , the system on chip 180 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 using the first main sound generator 510, the second main sound generator 520, the first sub sound generator 610, the third sub sound generator 630, and the fifth sub sound generator 650 among the sound generators. In addition, when the user Fig. 13C When the ground is located in front of the second side of the display device 10 as shown in FIG. 1 , the system on chip 180 controls the sound generator to be in the third directional mode. In the third directional mode, as shown in FIG. Fig. 13C As shown in FIG. 1 , the system on chip 180 outputs a sound by vibrating the display panel 110 using the first main sound generator 510, the second main sound generator 520, the second sub sound generator 620, the fourth sub sound generator 640, and the sixth sub sound generator 660 among the sound generators ( Fig.12 Operation S104 and operation S105 in the above embodiment).

[0151] For example, in the second directional mode, the system on chip 180 outputs the sound control signal SOCS to the integrated sound driver 190, so that the display panel 110 vibrates to output sound through the first main sound generator 510, the second main sound generator 520, the first sub-sound generator 610, the third sub-sound generator 630 and the fifth sub-sound generator 650, and no sound is output through the second sub-sound generator 620, the fourth sub-sound generator 640 and the sixth sub-sound generator 660 to the tenth sub-sound generator 700.

[0152] In the second directional mode, the integrated sound driver 190 outputs the first main sound driving signal MSDS1 to the first main sound generator 510, and outputs the second main sound driving signal MSDS2 to the second main sound generator 520. In addition, in the second directional mode, the integrated sound driver 190 outputs the first sub sound driving signal SSDS1 to the first sub sound generator 610, the third sub sound driving signal SSDS3 to the third sub sound generator 630, and the fifth sub sound driving signal SSDS5 to the fifth sub sound generator 650. In addition, the integrated sound driver 190 does not output the second sub sound driving signal SSDS2, the fourth sub sound driving signal SSDS4, and the sixth sub sound driving signal SSDS6 to the tenth sub sound driving signal SSDS10 to the second sub sound generator 620, the fourth sub sound generator 640, and the sixth sub sound generator 660 to the tenth sub sound generator 700. Alternatively, the integrated sound driver 190 may output the second sub sound driving signal SSDS2, the fourth sub sound driving signal SSDS4, and the sixth sub sound driving signal SSDS6 to the tenth sub sound driving signal SSDS10 so that the vibration layer 511 of each of the second sub sound generator 620, the fourth sub sound generator 640, and the sixth sub sound generator 660 to the tenth sub sound generator 700 does not vibrate. In this case, each of the second sub sound driving signal SSDS2, the fourth sub sound driving signal SSDS4, and the sixth sub sound driving signal SSDS6 to the tenth sub sound driving signal SSDS10 may have a DC voltage or at least two driving voltages having the same voltage.

[0153] Therefore, in the second directional mode, the first main sound generator 510 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the first main sound driving signal MSDS1, and the second main sound generator 520 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the second main sound driving signal MSDS2. In addition, in the second directional mode, the first sub sound generator 610 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the first sub sound driving signal SSDS1, the third sub sound generator 630 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the third sub sound driving signal SSDS3, and the fifth sub sound generator 650 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the fifth sub sound driving signal SSDS5.

[0154] Therefore, in the second directional mode, if Fig. 13B , the display device 10 may output sound mainly forward from the first side of the display device 10. This may effectively reduce the sound pressure level of the unwanted sound reaching locations other than the area opposite to the first side of the display panel 110, such as outside the XY periphery of the display panel 110 where a person who is not interested in the sound is located.

[0155] In addition, in the third directional mode, the system on chip 180 outputs the sound control signal SOCS to the integrated sound driver 190, so that the display panel 110 vibrates to output sound through the first main sound generator 510, the second main sound generator 520, the second sub-sound generator 620, the fourth sub-sound generator 640 and the sixth sub-sound generator 660, and no sound is output through the first sub-sound generator 610, the third sub-sound generator 630, the fifth sub-sound generator 670 to the tenth sub-sound generator 700.

[0156] In the third directional mode, the integrated sound driver 190 outputs the first main sound driving signal MSDS1 to the first main sound generator 510, and outputs the second main sound driving signal MSDS2 to the second main sound generator 520. In addition, in the third directional mode, the integrated sound driver 190 outputs the second sub sound driving signal SSDS2 to the second sub sound generator 620, the fourth sub sound driving signal SSDS4 to the fourth sub sound generator 640, and the sixth sub sound driving signal SSDS6 to the sixth sub sound generator 660. In addition, the integrated sound driver 190 does not output the first sub sound driving signal SSDS1, the third sub sound driving signal SSDS3, the fifth sub sound driving signal SSDS5, and the seventh to tenth sub sound driving signals SSDS7 to SSDS10 to the first sub sound generator 610, the third sub sound generator 630, the fifth sub sound generator 650, and the seventh to tenth sub sound generators 670 to 700. Alternatively, the integrated sound driver 190 may output the first sub sound driving signal SSDS1, the third sub sound driving signal SSDS3, the fifth sub sound driving signal SSDS5, and the seventh sub sound driving signal SSDS7 to the tenth sub sound driving signal SSDS10 so that the vibration layer 511 of each of the first sub sound generator 610, the third sub sound generator 630, the fifth sub sound generator 650, and the seventh sub sound generator 670 to the tenth sub sound generator 700 does not vibrate. In this case, each of the first sub sound driving signal SSDS1, the third sub sound driving signal SSDS3, the fifth sub sound driving signal SSDS5, and the seventh sub sound driving signal SSDS7 to the tenth sub sound driving signal SSDS10 may have a DC voltage or at least two driving voltages having the same voltage.

[0157] Therefore, in the third directional mode, the first main sound generator 510 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the first main sound driving signal MSDS1, and the second main sound generator 520 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the second main sound driving signal MSDS2. In addition, in the third directional mode, the second sub sound generator 620 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the second sub sound driving signal SSDS2, the fourth sub sound generator 640 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the fourth sub sound driving signal SSDS4, and the sixth sub sound generator 660 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the sixth sub sound driving signal SSDS6.

[0158] Therefore, in the third directional mode, if Fig. 13C, the display device 10 may output sound mainly forward from the second side of the display device 10. This may effectively reduce the sound pressure level of the unwanted sound reaching locations other than the area opposite to the second side of the display panel 110, such as outside the XY periphery of the display panel 110 where a person who is not interested in the sound is located.

[0159] In the second directional mode, each of the second sub sound generator 620, the fourth sub sound generator 640, and the sixth sub sound generator 660 to the tenth sub sound generator 700 may output a sound wave (e.g., an anti-phase sound wave) that may cancel out a sound traveling in a direction other than the direction forward from the first side of the display device 10 among the sound output by the first main sound generator 510 and the sound output by the second main sound generator 520. In addition, in the third directional mode, each of the first sub sound generator 610, the third sub sound generator 630, the fifth sub sound generator 650, and the seventh sub sound generator 670 to the tenth sub sound generator 700 may output a sound wave (e.g., an anti-phase sound wave) that may cancel out a sound traveling in a direction other than the direction forward from the second side of the display device 10 among the sound output by the first main sound generator 510 and the sound output by the second main sound generator 520.

[0160] Fourth, when users Fig.13D When the ground is located in front of the third side of the display device 10 as shown in FIG. 1 , the system on chip 180 controls the sound generator to be in the fourth directional mode. In the fourth directional mode, as shown in FIG. Fig.13D As shown in FIG. 1 , the system on chip 180 outputs a sound by vibrating the display panel 110 using the first main sound generator 510, the second main sound generator 520, the third sub sound generator 630, the fourth sub sound generator 640, the seventh sub sound generator 670, and the eighth sub sound generator 680 among the sound generators. In addition, when the user Fig.13E When the fourth side of the display device 10 is positioned opposite to the fourth side of the display device 10 as shown in FIG, the system on chip 180 controls the sound generator to be in the fifth directional mode. In the fifth directional mode, as shown in FIG. Fig.13E As shown in FIG. 1 , the system on chip 180 outputs a sound by vibrating the display panel 110 using the first main sound generator 510, the second main sound generator 520, the fifth sub-sound generator 650, the sixth sub-sound generator 660, the ninth sub-sound generator 690, and the tenth sub-sound generator 700 among the sound generators ( Fig.12 Operation S106 and operation S107 in the above description).

[0161] Specifically, in the fourth directional mode, the system on chip 180 outputs the sound control signal SOCS to the integrated sound driver 190, so that the display panel 110 vibrates to output sound through the first main sound generator 510, the second main sound generator 520, the third sub-sound generator 630, the fourth sub-sound generator 640, the seventh sub-sound generator 670 and the eighth sub-sound generator 680, and no sound is output through the first sub-sound generator 610, the second sub-sound generator 620, the fifth sub-sound generator 650, the sixth sub-sound generator 660, the ninth sub-sound generator 690 and the tenth sub-sound generator 700.

[0162] In the fourth directional mode, the integrated sound driver 190 outputs the first main sound driving signal MSDS1 to the first main sound generator 510, and outputs the second main sound driving signal MSDS2 to the second main sound generator 520. In addition, in the fourth directional mode, the integrated sound driver 190 outputs the third sub sound driving signal SSDS3 to the third sub sound generator 630, the fourth sub sound driving signal SSDS4 to the fourth sub sound generator 640, the seventh sub sound driving signal SSDS7 to the seventh sub sound generator 670, and the eighth sub sound driving signal SSDS8 to the eighth sub sound generator 680. In addition, the integrated sound driver 190 does not output the first sub sound driving signal SSDS1, the second sub sound driving signal SSDS2, the fifth sub sound driving signal SSDS5, the sixth sub sound driving signal SSDS6, the ninth sub sound driving signal SSDS9 and the tenth sub sound driving signal SSDS10 to the first sub sound generator 610, the second sub sound generator 620, the fifth sub sound generator 650, the sixth sub sound generator 660, the ninth sub sound generator 690 and the tenth sub sound generator 700. Alternatively, the integrated sound driver 190 may output the first sub sound driving signal SSDS1, the second sub sound driving signal SSDS2, the fifth sub sound driving signal SSDS5, the sixth sub sound driving signal SSDS6, the ninth sub sound driving signal SSDS9, and the tenth sub sound driving signal SSDS10 so that the vibration layer 511 of each of the first sub sound generator 610, the second sub sound generator 620, the fifth sub sound generator 650, the sixth sub sound generator 660, the ninth sub sound generator 690, and the tenth sub sound generator 700 does not vibrate. In this case, each of the first sub sound driving signal SSDS1, the second sub sound driving signal SSDS2, the fifth sub sound driving signal SSDS5, the sixth sub sound driving signal SSDS6, the ninth sub sound driving signal SSDS9, and the tenth sub sound driving signal SSDS10 may have a DC voltage or at least two driving voltages having the same voltage.

[0163] Therefore, in the fourth directional mode, the first main sound generator 510 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the first main sound driving signal MSDS1, and the second main sound generator 520 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the second main sound driving signal MSDS2. In addition, in the fourth directional mode, the third sub sound generator 630 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the third sub sound driving signal SSDS3, the fourth sub sound generator 640 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the fourth sub sound driving signal SSDS4, the seventh sub sound generator 670 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the seventh sub sound driving signal SSDS7, and the eighth sub sound generator 680 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the eighth sub sound driving signal SSDS8.

[0164] Therefore, in the fourth directional mode, if Fig.13D , the display device 10 may output sound mainly from the third side of the display device 10. This may effectively reduce the sound pressure level of the unwanted sound reaching locations other than the area opposite to the third side of the display panel 110 (such as outside the XY periphery of the display panel 110 where a person who is not interested in the sound is located).

[0165] In addition, in the fifth directional mode, the system on chip 180 outputs the sound control signal SOCS to the integrated sound driver 190, so that the display panel 110 vibrates to output sound through the first main sound generator 510, the second main sound generator 520, the fifth sub-sound generator 650, the sixth sub-sound generator 660, the ninth sub-sound generator 690 and the tenth sub-sound generator 700, and no sound is output through the first sub-sound generator 610 to the fourth sub-sound generator 640, the seventh sub-sound generator 670 and the eighth sub-sound generator 680.

[0166] In the fifth directional mode, the integrated sound driver 190 outputs the first main sound driving signal MSDS1 to the first main sound generator 510, and outputs the second main sound driving signal MSDS2 to the second main sound generator 520. In addition, in the fifth directional mode, the integrated sound driver 190 outputs the fifth sub sound driving signal SSDS5 to the fifth sub sound generator 650, the sixth sub sound driving signal SSDS6 to the sixth sub sound generator 660, the ninth sub sound driving signal SSDS9 to the ninth sub sound generator 690, and the tenth sub sound driving signal SSDS10 to the tenth sub sound generator 700. In addition, the integrated sound driver 190 does not output the first sub sound driving signal SSDS1 to the fourth sub sound driving signal SSDS4, the seventh sub sound driving signal SSDS7, and the eighth sub sound driving signal SSDS8 to the first sub sound generator 610 to the fourth sub sound generator 640, the seventh sub sound generator 670, and the eighth sub sound generator 680. Alternatively, the integrated sound driver 190 may output the first to fourth sub-sound driving signals SSDS1 to SSDS4, the seventh sub-sound driving signal SSDS7, and the eighth sub-sound driving signal SSDS8 so that the vibration layer 511 of each of the first to fourth sub-sound generators 610 to 640, the seventh sub-sound generator 670, and the eighth sub-sound generator 680 does not vibrate. In this case, each of the first to fourth sub-sound driving signals SSDS1 to SSDS4, the seventh sub-sound driving signal SSDS7, and the eighth sub-sound driving signal SSDS8 may have a DC voltage or at least two driving voltages having the same voltage.

[0167] Therefore, in the fifth directional mode, the first main sound generator 510 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the first main sound driving signal MSDS1, and the second main sound generator 520 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the second main sound driving signal MSDS2. In addition, in the fifth directional mode, the fifth sub-sound generator 650 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the fifth sub-sound driving signal SSDS5, the sixth sub-sound generator 660 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the sixth sub-sound driving signal SSDS6, the ninth sub-sound generator 690 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the ninth sub-sound driving signal SSDS9, and the tenth sub-sound generator 700 outputs sound by vibrating the display panel 110 in response to the tenth sub-sound driving signal SSDS10.

[0168] Therefore, in the fifth directional mode, if Fig.13E, the display device 10 may output sound mainly forward from the fourth side of the display device 10. This may effectively reduce the sound pressure level of the unwanted sound reaching locations other than the area opposite to the fourth side of the display panel 110 (such as outside the XY periphery of the display panel 110 where a person not interested in the sound may be).

[0169] In the fourth directional mode, each of the first sub sound generator 610, the second sub sound generator 620, the fifth sub sound generator 650, the sixth sub sound generator 660, the ninth sub sound generator 690, and the tenth sub sound generator 700 may output a sound wave (e.g., an anti-phase sound wave) that may cancel out a sound traveling in a direction other than the direction forward from the third side of the display device 10 among the sound output by the first main sound generator 510 and the sound output by the second main sound generator 520. In addition, in the fifth directional mode, each of the first to fourth sub sound generators 610 to 640, the seventh sub sound generator 670, and the eighth sub sound generator 680 may output a sound wave (e.g., an anti-phase sound wave) that may cancel out a sound traveling in a direction other than the direction forward from the fourth side of the display device 10 among the sound output by the first main sound generator 510 and the sound output by the second main sound generator 520.

[0170] exist Fig.12 In the embodiment, the case where the display device 10 determines the position of the user based on the image captured by the camera sensor 200 and controls the plurality of sound generators to be in any one of the first to fifth directional modes according to the position of the user has been mainly described. However, in other embodiments or operation modes instead of determining the directional mode based on the camera sensor detection, the display device 10 may control the sound generator to be in any one of the first to fifth directional modes according to the sound output position manually set by the user using the remote control.

[0171] according to Fig.12 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , which sound generators are to be activated to output sound is determined according to the directional mode. Therefore, the display device 10 can output sound in a specific direction according to the directional mode, for example, with the maximum sound energy directed to the target position.

[0172] When it is determined based on the image captured by the camera sensor 200 that a plurality of users are located in an area opposite to one or more of the center, the first side, the second side, the third side, and the fourth side of the display device 10, the system on chip 180 may control the sound generator by combining at least two of the first to fifth directional modes. For example, when a plurality of users are located in front of the first and third sides of the display device 10, sounds may be output through the first main sound generator 510, the second main sound generator 520, the first sub sound generator 610, the third sub sound generator 630, the fourth sub sound generator 640, the fifth sub sound generator 650, the seventh sub sound generator 670, and the eighth sub sound generator 680 according to the second and fourth directional modes.

[0173] In addition, when it is determined that at least one of the plurality of users is located relative to each of the center, the first side, the second side, the third side, and the fourth side of the display device 10 based on the image captured by the camera sensor 200, the system on chip 180 may control the sound generator to be in the non-directional mode. In the non-directional mode, all the sound generators 510 to 520, 610 to 700 may output sound.

[0174] As previously described, the frequency response characteristics for each of the sound generators 510 to 520 and 610 to 700 may be substantially the same in some embodiments, but may be different in other embodiments. In the former case, the sound pressure level of the sound output by each sound generator according to the frequency may be substantially the same. For example, Fig.15 is a graph showing, for example, the sound pressure level (SPL) of an applied sound signal of a sound generator versus frequency. In this example, the sound generator may output a sound having a fundamental frequency (F0) of 1 kHz or greater. F0 may be understood as the lowest frequency vibration mode of the sound generator. More precisely, F0 may refer to the minimum frequency at which the vibration displacement of the display panel 110 vibrating due to the sound generator becomes greater than a reference displacement. When the value of F0 associated with a given sound generator is relatively high, the frequency band that can be output by the sound generator is correspondingly high. In an embodiment, each of the sound generators 510 to 520 and 610 to 700 may have substantially the same frequency response characteristics, such as Fig.15 frequency response characteristics.

[0175] In another embodiment, each of the main sound generators 510 to 520 may have the same first frequency response characteristic, and each of the sub sound generators 610 to 700 may have the same second frequency response characteristic, which is different from the first frequency response characteristic. Fig.16A Another example of the frequency response characteristics of the sound generator is shown, in which the fundamental frequency F0 is 800 Hz or less. Fig. 16Bis a graph showing an example sound pressure level and frequency of a sound obtained by adding the sound of the main sound generator and the sound of the sub sound generator according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, each of the main sound generators 510 to 520 may be as follows. Fig.15 The output of the sound having F0 of 1 kHz or more shown in FIG. 1 may be performed as shown in FIG. Fig.16A The output shown in FIG. 5 has a sound of F0 of 800 Hz or less. Therefore, in the high frequency region HFR, the main sound generators 510 to 520 have a higher sound pressure level than the sub sound generators 610 to 700. In addition, in the low frequency region LFR, the sub sound generators 610 to 700 have a higher sound pressure level than the main sound generators 510 to 520. Therefore, compared with each of the main sound generators 510 to 520, each of the sub sound generators 610 to 700 can be suitable for realizing low-pitched sounds.

[0176] Finally, when Fig. 16B As shown by the curve C1, when the sound of the high frequency region HFR is output by the main sound generators 510 to 520 and when Fig. 16B As shown in the curve C2, when the sound of the low frequency region LFR is output by the sub-sound generators 610 to 700, Fig. 16B As shown by the curve C3, the frequency band of the sound to be provided to the user can be expanded from the low frequency band to the high frequency band. Therefore, richer sound can be provided to the user.

[0177] Optionally, each of the sound generators 510 to 520, 610 to 700 may be configured as follows: Fig.15 The output shown in FIG. 1 has a sound with an F0 of 1 kHz or greater, and an additional sub-sound generator (not shown) may be used as shown in FIG. Fig.16A , the output has a sound with an F0 of 800 Hz or less. In this case, the additional sub-sound generator may be set to always output a low-pitched sound regardless of activation of any of the first to fifth directional modes. Fig. 16B As represented by curve C1, when the sound of the high frequency region HFR is output by the sound generators 510 to 520, 610 to 700, and as represented by curve C2, the sound of the low frequency region LFR is output by the additional sub-sound generator, the synthetic frequency characteristics of curve C3 can also be achieved.

[0178] Fig.17 1 is a bottom view showing another example of a display panel (110') that can be used in the display device 10. The display panel 110' is Figure 2 and Figure 3The display panel 110 shown in FIG. 1 is different in that the size (as determined by the planar area) of each of the main sound generators 510, 520 is larger than the size of each of the sub-sound generators 610 to 700. (In FIG. Figure 3 In an embodiment of the present invention, the size of each of the sound generators 510 to 520, 610 to 700 as determined by the plan area is substantially equal. In addition, it can be assumed that the thickness of the sound generators can be substantially independent of their plan area in the display panels 110 and 110'.) The display panel 110' may include a flexible film 122, a source circuit board 140, a flexible cable 150, a control circuit board 160, a first flexible circuit board 710, a second flexible circuit board 720, etc. similar to or the same as those described above for the display panel 110.

[0179] With respect to the display panel 110', the first main sound generator 510 and the second main sound generator 520 are used as main speakers that always output sound regardless of which sound directional mode is activated. For example, it may be desirable that the volume of the sound output from each of the main sound generators 510 to 520 is greater than the volume of the sound output from each of the sub-sound generators 610 to 700. When the sound generators 510 to 520, 610 to 700 are piezoelectric actuators, the volume of the maximum sound output by the sound generator can be increased as the size of the sound generator increases. Therefore, when the sound generator is as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown in the figure, when the size of each of the main sound generators 510, 520 is larger than the size of each of the sub-sound generators 610 to 700, the volume of the sound output from the main sound generators 510, 520 can be greater than the volume of the sound output by the individual sub-sound generators 610 to 700 (when the same electrical sound signal is applied to each sub-sound generator).

[0180] Fig.18 1 is a bottom view showing yet another example (110") of a display panel that may be included in the display device 10. The display panel 110" may include a flexible film 122, a source circuit board 140, a flexible cable 150, a control circuit board 160, a first flexible circuit board 710, and a second flexible circuit board 720 similar to or the same as those described above. Fig.18 ), but for ease of description, their description is omitted.

[0181] By including four main sound generators 510', 520', 530', and 540' (hereinafter, 510' to 540') and twelve sub sound generators 610', 620', 630', 640', 650', 660', 670', 680', 690', 700', 701', and 702' (hereinafter, 610' to 702'), the display panel 110" may be different from Figure 3The display panel 110 is shown. Fig.18 In the Figure 3 The elements and features of the embodiments shown in FIG. 1 are the same as those of the embodiments shown in FIG. 1 .

[0182] The main sound generators 510' to 540' may be disposed at the center of the display panel 110", and the sub-sound generators 610' to 702' may be located on the first side and the second side of the display panel 110". The gaps between the main sound generators adjacent to each other and the gaps between the sub-sound generators adjacent to each other may be smaller than the gaps between the main sound generators and the sub-sound generators adjacent to each other. In this case, the directionality of the sound output by the main sound generators 510' to 540' (collectively referred to as the speaker array) is the same as that of the main sound generators 510' to 540'. Figure 3 The directivity of the sound output by the sub-sound generators 610' to 660' arranged on the first side can be higher in the direction forward from the center of the display device 10 than the directivity of the sound of the display panel 110, and the directivity of the sound output by the sub-sound generators 670' to 700', 701' and 702' arranged on the second side can be higher in the direction forward from the second side of the display panel 110 than the directivity of the sound of the display panel 110.

[0183] Therefore, for the display panel 110″, interference (if any) between the sounds output by the main sound generators 510′ to 540′ and the sounds output by the sub-sound generators 610′ to 660′ disposed on the first side can be less than the interference of the display panel 110. In addition, any interference between the sounds output by the main sound generators 510′ to 540′ and the sounds output by the sub-sound generators 670′ to 702′ disposed on the second side can be less than the interference of the display panel 110.

[0184] exist Fig.18 , when viewed in plan view, the main sound generators 510' to 540', the sub sound generators 610' to 660' disposed on the first side, and the sub sound generators 670' to 702' disposed on the second side are arranged in a quadrilateral shape. However, other geometric layouts are available. For example, Fig.19 1 is a bottom view showing another example (110'') of a display panel that may be included in the display device 10. Fig.19As shown in the figure, the display panel 110'' may include main sound generators 510' to 540', sub-sound generators 610' to 660' arranged on the first side, and sub-sound generators 670' to 700', 701' and 702' arranged on the second side. When viewed in a plan view, the main sound generators 510' to 540', the sub-sound generators 610' to 660' arranged on the first side, and the sub-sound generators 670' to 700', 701' and 702' arranged on the second side may also be arranged in a roughly circular shape, an elliptical shape or a diamond shape. In this case, the directivity of the sound output by the main sound generators 510' to 540', the directivity of the sound output by the sub-sound generators 610' to 660' arranged on the first side, and the directivity of the sound output by the sub-sound generators 670' to 702' arranged on the second side can be further improved.

[0185] Fig. 20 It is shown Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a bottom view of an example of a display panel 110 shown in FIG. Fig. 20 , for ease of description, the flexible film 122, the source circuit board 140, the flexible cable 150, the control circuit board 160, the first flexible circuit board 710, and the second flexible circuit board 720 are omitted.

[0186] Fig. 20 The display panel 110 shown in FIG. Figure 3 The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is different in that the display panel 110 is divided into two main vibration areas MA1 and MA2 and ten sub-vibration areas SA1 to SA10 by the propagation blocking area PBA. Fig. 20 In the Figure 3 The description of the elements and features that are the same as the elements and features of the embodiments shown in FIG.

[0187] like Fig. 20 As shown in FIG. 1 , the area where the first main sound generator 510 is provided may be defined as the first main vibration area MA1, and the area where the second main sound generator 520 is provided may be defined as the second main vibration area MA2. In addition, the areas where the first to tenth sub-sound generators 610 to 700 are provided may be defined as the first to tenth sub-vibration areas SA1 to SA10, respectively.

[0188] The propagation barrier area PBA may be disposed collectively between adjacent vibration areas MA1, MA2, SA1, SA2, SA3, SA4, SA5, SA6, SA7, SA8, SA9, and SA10. For example, portions of the propagation barrier area PBA may be disposed between the first main vibration area MA1 and the second main vibration area MA2, between the first main vibration area MA1 and the first sub-vibration area SA1, between the first main vibration area MA1 and the seventh sub-vibration area SA7, and between the first main vibration area MA1 and the ninth sub-vibration area SA9. In addition, portions of the propagation barrier area PBA may be disposed between the second main vibration area MA2 and the second sub-vibration area SA2, between the second main vibration area MA2 and the eighth sub-vibration area SA8, and between the second main vibration area MA2 and the tenth sub-vibration area SA10. Portions of the propagation blocking area PBA may also be disposed between the first sub-vibration area SA1 and the third sub-vibration area SA3, between the first sub-vibration area SA1 and the fifth sub-vibration area SA5, between the second sub-vibration area SA2 and the fourth sub-vibration area SA4, and between the second sub-vibration area SA2 and the sixth sub-vibration area SA6.

[0189] The propagation blocking area PBA is used to block the vibration generated by the sound generator in one vibration area from propagating to other vibration areas. To this end, the propagation blocking area PBA may include a medium different from the medium of the main vibration areas MA1 and MA2 and the medium of the sub-vibration areas SA1 to SA10, or may be composed of a medium different from the medium of the main vibration areas MA1 and MA2 and the medium of the sub-vibration areas SA1 to SA10. Here, the propagation of vibration is proportional to the density and propagation speed of the medium. Therefore, if the propagation blocking area PBA is filled with air or a low-density medium, the vibration generated by the sound generator in one vibration area can be prevented from propagating to other vibration areas. This will be referred to later. Fig.21 , Fig.23 and Fig.24 The propagation blocking area PBA is described in detail.

[0190] according to Fig. 20 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the areas where the sound generators are provided may be defined as vibration areas MA1, MA2, and SA1 to SA10, respectively, and the propagation blocking area PBA may be provided between the adjacent vibration areas MA1, MA2, SA1, SA2, SA3, SA4, SA5, SA6, SA7, SA8, SA9, and SA10. In this case, the propagation blocking area PBA may prevent the vibration generated by the sound generator in one vibration area from propagating to other vibration areas. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the sound generator in one vibration area from affecting the sound output of the sound generators in other vibration areas.

[0191] Fig.21 It is shown along Fig. 20 A cross-sectional view of an example cross section taken along line II-II'. Fig. 22 It is shown in detail Fig.21 FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the display panel 110 .

[0192] Reference Fig.21 and Fig. 22 , the display device 10 includes a display panel 110 , a lower panel member 113 disposed under the display panel 110 , and an adhesive layer AL combining the display panel 110 and the lower panel member 113 together.

[0193] The display panel 110 may include a lower substrate 111 , an upper substrate 112 , a thin film transistor layer TFTL, a light emitting element layer EML, and a thin film encapsulation layer TFEL.

[0194] The buffer layer 302 may be formed on the lower substrate 111. The buffer layer 302 may be formed on the lower substrate 111 to protect the thin film transistor 335 and the light emitting element from moisture introduced through the lower substrate 111, wherein the lower substrate 111 is susceptible to moisture penetration. The buffer layer 302 may be composed of a plurality of inorganic layers alternately stacked. For example, the buffer layer 302 may be a layer in which silicon oxide (SiO x ) layer, silicon nitride (SiN x ) layer and a SiON layer. Note that the buffer layer 302 may be omitted.

[0195] The thin film transistor layer TFTL is formed on the buffer layer 302. The thin film transistor layer TFTL includes a thin film transistor 335, a gate insulating layer 336, an interlayer insulating film 337, a protective layer 338, and a planarization layer 339.

[0196] The thin film transistors 335 are formed on the buffer layer 302. Each thin film transistor 335 includes an active layer 331, a gate electrode 332, a source electrode 333, and a drain electrode 334. Fig. 22 In the embodiment, each thin film transistor 335 is formed as a top gate type in which the gate electrode 332 is located above the active layer 331. However, it should be noted that the present disclosure is not limited to this case. That is, each of the thin film transistors 335 can also be formed as a bottom gate type in which the gate electrode 332 is located below the active layer 331 or a dual gate type in which the gate electrode 332 is located both above and below the active layer 331.

[0197] The active layer 331 is formed on the buffer layer 302. The active layer 331 may be made of a silicon-based semiconductor material or an oxide-based semiconductor material. A light shielding layer may be formed between the buffer layer 302 and the active layer 331 to block external light from entering the active layer 331.

[0198] The gate insulating layer 336 may be formed on the active layer 331. The gate insulating layer 336 may be an inorganic layer, for example, SiO x Layer, SiN x layer or a plurality of layers composed of these layers.

[0199] The gate electrode 332 and the gate line may be formed on the gate insulating layer 336. Each of the gate electrode 332 and the gate line may be a single layer or a multilayer made of any one or more of molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Ne), copper (Cu), and alloys of these metals.

[0200] An interlayer insulating film 337 may be formed on the gate electrode 332 and the gate line. The interlayer insulating film 337 may be an inorganic layer, for example, SiO x Layer, SiN x layer or a plurality of layers composed of these layers.

[0201] The source electrode 333, the drain electrode 334, and the data line may be formed on the interlayer insulating film 337. Each of the source electrode 333 and the drain electrode 334 may be connected to the active layer 331 through a contact hole penetrating the gate insulating layer 336 and the interlayer insulating film 337. Each of the source electrode 333, the drain electrode 334, and the data line may be a single layer or a multilayer made of any one or more of Mo, Al, Cr, Au, Ti, Ni, Ne, Cu, and alloys of these metals.

[0202] A protective layer 338 for insulating the thin film transistor 335 may be formed on the source electrode 333, the drain electrode 334, and the data line. The protective layer 338 may be an inorganic layer, for example, SiO x Layer, SiN x layer or a plurality of layers composed of these layers.

[0203] The planarization layer 339 may be formed on the protective layer 338 to planarize a step due to the thin film transistor 335. The planarization layer 339 may be made of an organic layer such as acrylic resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, polyamide resin, or polyimide resin.

[0204] The light emitting element layer EML is formed on the thin film transistor layer TFTL. The light emitting element layer EML includes a light emitting element and a pixel defining layer 344 .

[0205] The light emitting element and the pixel defining layer 344 are formed on the planarization layer 339. The light emitting element may be an organic light emitting element. In this case, each light emitting element may include an anode 341, a light emitting layer 342, and a cathode 343.

[0206] The anode 341 may be formed on the planarization layer 339 . The anode 341 may be connected to the source electrode 333 or the drain electrode 334 of the thin film transistor 335 through a contact hole penetrating the protection layer 338 and the planarization layer 339 .

[0207] The pixel defining layer 344 may be formed on the planarization layer 339 and may cover the edge of the anode 341 to define the pixel. That is, the pixel defining layer 344 serves as a pixel defining layer for defining the pixel. Each pixel is a region where the anode 341, the light emitting layer 342, and the cathode 343 are sequentially stacked so that holes from the anode 341 and electrons from the cathode 343 are combined in the light emitting layer 342 to emit light.

[0208] The light-emitting layer 342 is formed on the anode 341 and the pixel defining layer 344. The light-emitting layer 342 may be an organic light-emitting layer. Each of the light-emitting layers 342 may emit one of red light, green light, and blue light. The red light may have a peak wavelength range of about 620nm to about 750nm, and the green light may have a peak wavelength range of about 495nm to about 570nm. In addition, the blue light may have a peak wavelength range of about 450nm to about 495nm. Alternatively, the light-emitting layer 342 may be a white light emitting layer emitting white light. In this case, the light-emitting layer 342 may be a stack of red light emitting layers, green light emitting layers, and blue light emitting layers, and may be a common layer common to all pixels. In this case, the display panel 110 may also include a color filter for displaying red, green, and blue.

[0209] Each of the light emitting layers 342 may include a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer. In addition, each of the light emitting layers 342 may be formed in a stacked structure of two stacks or more, in which case a charge generation layer may be formed between the stacks.

[0210] The cathode 343 is formed on the light emitting layer 342. The cathode 343 may be formed to cover the light emitting layer 342. The cathode 343 may be a common layer common to all pixels.

[0211] When the light emitting element layer EML is formed as a top emission type that emits light upward, the anode 341 can be made of a metal material with high reflectivity (such as a stacked structure of Al and Ti (Ti / Al / Ti), a stacked structure of Al and indium tin oxide (ITO) (ITO / Al / ITO), an APC alloy, or a stacked structure of an APC alloy and ITO (ITO / APC / ITO)). The APC alloy is an alloy of Ag, Pd, and Cu. In addition, the cathode 343 can be made of a transparent conductive material (TCO) that can transmit light, such as ITO or indium zinc oxide (IZO), or a semi-transmissive conductive material (such as magnesium (Mg), Ag, or an alloy of Mg and Ag). When the cathode 343 is made of a semi-transmissive conductive material, the luminous efficiency can be improved by a microcavity.

[0212] When the light emitting element layer EML is formed as a bottom emission type that emits light downward, the anode 341 may be made of a TCO capable of transmitting light such as ITO or IZO or a semi-transmissive conductive material (such as Mg, Ag, or an alloy of Mg and Ag). The cathode 343 may be made of a metal material with high reflectivity (such as a stacked structure of Al and Ti (Ti / Al / Ti), a stacked structure of Al and ITO (ITO / Al / ITO), an APC alloy, or a stacked structure of an APC alloy and ITO (ITO / APC / ITO). When the anode 341 is made of a semi-transmissive conductive material, the light emitting efficiency may be improved by a microcavity.

[0213] The thin film encapsulation layer TFEL (305) is formed on the light emitting element layer EML. The thin film encapsulation layer TFEL (305) is used to prevent oxygen or moisture from penetrating the light emitting layer 342 and the cathode 343. To this end, the thin film encapsulation layer TFEL (305) may include at least one inorganic layer. The inorganic layer may be made of silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide or titanium oxide. In addition, the thin film encapsulation layer TFEL (305) may also include at least one organic layer. The organic layer may be formed to a sufficient thickness to prevent particles from penetrating the thin film encapsulation layer TFEL (305) and entering the light emitting layer 342 and the cathode 343. The organic layer may include any one of epoxy resin, acrylate and polyurethane acrylate.

[0214] The lower panel member 113 may be disposed under the display panel 110. The lower panel member 113 may be attached to the lower surface of the display panel 110 through an adhesive layer AL. The adhesive layer AL may be an optically clear adhesive (OCA) film or an optically clear resin (OCR).

[0215] The lower panel member 113 may include a light absorbing member LSL for absorbing light incident from the outside, a buffer member BL for absorbing external impact, and a heat dissipating member HL for effectively dissipating heat of the display panel 110 .

[0216] The light absorbing member LSL may be disposed under the display panel 110. The light absorbing member LSL blocks the transmission of light to prevent elements disposed under the light absorbing member LSL (i.e., the sound generator, the flexible film 122, the source circuit board 140, the flexible cable 150, the control circuit board 160, etc.) from being seen from above the display panel 110. The light absorbing member LSL may include a light absorbing material such as a black pigment or dye.

[0217] The buffer member BL may be disposed under the light absorbing member LSL. The buffer member BL is a cushion layer and absorbs external impact to prevent the display panel 110 from being damaged. The buffer member BL may be a single layer or a multilayer. For example, the buffer member BL may be made of a polymer resin such as polyurethane, polycarbonate, polypropylene, or polyethylene, or may be made of an elastic material such as a sponge formed by foaming rubber, a polyurethane-based material, or an acrylic-based material.

[0218] The heat dissipation member HL may be disposed under the buffer member BL. The heat dissipation member HL may include a first heat dissipation layer including graphite or carbon nanotubes and a second heat dissipation layer capable of shielding electromagnetic waves and made of a metal thin layer having high thermal conductivity such as copper, nickel, ferrite, or silver.

[0219] If the first main sound generator 510, the second main sound generator 520, and the first to tenth sub-sound generators 610 to 700 ("sound generators 510 to 520, 610 to 700") are disposed on the heat dissipation member HL, the first heat dissipation layer or the second heat dissipation layer of the heat dissipation member HL may be destroyed by the vibration of the sound generators 510 to 520, 610 to 700. Therefore, the heat dissipation member HL may be excluded from the area where the sound generators 510 to 520, 610 to 700 are disposed (for example, a portion of the heat dissipation member HL may be removed from the area where the sound generators 510 to 520, 610 to 700 are disposed). As a result, the sound generators 510 to 520, 610 to 700 are not overlapped with the heat dissipation member HL. Therefore, the sound generators 510 to 520, 610 to 700 may be disposed on the buffer member BL.

[0220] Alternatively, the lower panel member 113 may be excluded from (e.g., removed from) an area where the sound generators 510 to 520, 610 to 700 are disposed. In this case, the sound generators 510 to 520, 610 to 700 may be disposed on the lower surface of the display panel 110.

[0221] The sound generators 510 to 520, 610 to 700 may be attached to the lower surface of the display panel 110 or the buffer member BL by an adhesive member. The adhesive member may be a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA).

[0222] When the sound generators 510 to 520, 610 to 700 are disposed on the buffer member BL, the light absorbing member LSL, the buffer member BL, and the heat dissipating member HL of the lower panel member 113 may serve as a medium through which vibrations generated by the sound generators 510 to 520, 610 to 700 propagate. If the light absorbing member LSL, the buffer member BL, and the heat dissipating member HL of the lower panel member 113 are excluded from (e.g., removed from) the propagation blocking area PBA, a groove GR may be formed in the propagation blocking area PBA due to the removal of the light absorbing member LSL, the buffer member BL, and the heat dissipating member HL of the lower panel member 113. That is, the light absorbing member LSL, the buffer member BL, and the heat dissipating member HL of the lower panel member 113 may be discontinuous in the propagation blocking area PBA. Since this reduces the density of the light absorbing member LSL, the buffer member BL, and the heat dissipating member HL of the lower panel member 113 in the propagation blocking area PBA, the vibration generated by the first main sound generator 510 disposed in the first main vibration area MA1 can be prevented from propagating through the light absorbing member LSL, the buffer member BL, and the heat dissipating member HL of the lower panel member 113. In addition, the vibration generated by the second main sound generator 520 disposed in the second main vibration area MA2 can be prevented from propagating through the light absorbing member LSL, the buffer member BL, and the heat dissipating member HL of the lower panel member 113.

[0223] according to Fig.21 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , a groove GR is formed in a propagation blocking area PBA disposed between adjacent vibration areas MA1, MA2, SA1, SA2, SA3, SA4, SA5, SA6, SA7, SA8, SA9, and SA10 by removing the light absorbing member LSL, the buffer member BL, and the heat dissipating member HL of the lower panel member 113 through which the vibration generated by the sound generator propagates. In this case, the vibration generated by the sound generator in one vibration area can be prevented from propagating to other vibration areas. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the sound generator in one vibration area from affecting the sound output of the sound generator in other vibration areas.

[0224] Fig.23 It is shown along Fig. 20 A sectional view of an example cross section along line II-II'.

[0225] Fig.23 The embodiments shown in Fig.21 The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is different in that not only the light absorbing member LSL, the buffer member BL, and the heat dissipating member HL of the lower panel member 113 are excluded (e.g., removed) from the propagation blocking area PBA, but also the adhesive layer AL and the lower substrate 111 are excluded (e.g., removed). Fig.23 In the Fig.21 Redundant description of discussed elements and features.

[0226] Reference Fig.23 , a groove GR is formed in the propagation blocking area PBA by removing the light absorbing member LSL, the buffer member BL, and the heat dissipating member HL of the lower substrate 111, the adhesive layer AL, and the lower panel member 113. Therefore, the vibration generated by the first primary sound generator 510 disposed in the first main vibration area MA1 can be prevented from propagating to the second main vibration area MA2 through the lower substrate 111, the adhesive layer AL, and the lower panel member 113. In addition, the vibration generated by the second primary sound generator 520 disposed in the second main vibration area MA2 can be prevented from propagating to the first main vibration area MA1 through the lower substrate 111, the adhesive layer AL, and the lower panel member 113.

[0227] according to Fig.23 In the embodiment shown in Fig.21 The propagation barrier area PBA may further prevent vibration generated by a sound generator in one vibration area from propagating to other vibration areas compared to when the adhesive layer A1 and the lower substrate 111 are additionally excluded (eg, removed) from the propagation barrier area PBA.

[0228] Fig.24 It is shown along Fig. 20 A cross-sectional view of an example cross section taken along line II-II'.

[0229] Fig.24 The embodiments shown in Fig.23 The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is different in that not only the lower substrate 111, the adhesive layer AL, and the light absorbing member LSL, the buffer member BL, and the heat dissipating member HL of the lower panel member 113 are excluded (e.g., removed) from the propagation blocking area PBA, but also the thin film transistor layer TFTL, the light emitting element layer EML, and the thin film encapsulation layer TFEL are excluded (e.g., removed). Fig.24 In the Fig.23The elements and features of the embodiments shown in FIG. 1 are the same as those of the embodiments shown in FIG. 1 .

[0230] like Fig.24 , a groove GR is formed in the propagation blocking area PBA by removing the adhesive layer AL, the lower substrate 111 of the display panel 110, the thin film transistor layer TFTL, the light emitting element layer EML and the thin film encapsulation layer TFEL, and the light absorbing member LSL, the buffer member BL and the heat dissipation member HL of the lower panel member 113. Therefore, the vibration generated by the first main sound generator 510 disposed in the first main vibration area MA1 can be prevented from propagating to the second main vibration area MA2 through the adhesive layer AL, the lower substrate 111 of the display panel 110, the thin film transistor layer TFTL, the light emitting element layer EML and the thin film encapsulation layer TFEL, and the light absorbing member LSL, the buffer member BL and the heat dissipation member HL of the lower panel member 113. In addition, the vibration generated by the second main sound generator 520 disposed in the second main vibration area MA2 can be prevented from propagating to the first main vibration area MA1 through the adhesive layer AL, the lower substrate 111 of the display panel 110, the thin film transistor layer TFTL, the light emitting element layer EML and the thin film encapsulation layer TFEL, and the light absorbing member LSL, the buffer member BL and the heat dissipation member HL of the lower panel member 113.

[0231] according to Fig.24 In the embodiment shown in Fig.23 In contrast, the thin film transistor layer TFTL, the light emitting element layer EML and the thin film encapsulation layer TFEL are additionally excluded from (e.g., removed from) the propagation barrier area PBA, so that the propagation barrier area PBA further prevents the vibration generated by the sound generator in one vibration area from propagating to other vibration areas.

[0232] When the thin film transistor layer TFTL and the light emitting element layer EML are exposed in the propagation barrier area PBA without being covered by the thin film encapsulation layer TFEL, oxygen or moisture may penetrate into the light emitting layer 342 and the cathode 343 of the light emitting element layer EML. For example, the thin film encapsulation layer TFEL covers the side surface of the thin film transistor layer TFTL and the upper surface and the side surface of the light emitting element layer EML in the first main vibration area MA1, the second main vibration area MA2, and the first sub-vibration area SA1 to the tenth sub-vibration area SA10. Therefore, the thin film encapsulation layer TFEL is formed to cover the thin film transistor layer TFTL and the light emitting element layer EML in the first main vibration area MA1, the second main vibration area MA2, and the first sub-vibration area SA1 to the tenth sub-vibration area SA10. Therefore, the thin film encapsulation layer TFEL is exposed in the propagation barrier area PBA. As a result, the thin film transistor layer TFTL and the light emitting element layer EML can be prevented from being exposed without being covered by the thin film encapsulation layer TFEL.

[0233] Fig.25 It is shown Figure 2 1 is a bottom view of an example of a display panel 110 shown in FIG.

[0234] exist Fig.25 , for ease of description, the flexible film 122, the source circuit board 140, the flexible cable 150, the control circuit board 160, the first flexible circuit board 710, and the second flexible circuit board 720 are omitted.

[0235] Fig.25 The embodiments shown in Fig. 20 The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is different in that a plurality of grooves GR1 and GR2 are formed in the propagation blocking area PBA. Fig.25 In the Fig. 20 Redundant description of discussed elements and features.

[0236] Reference Fig.25 , a plurality of grooves GR1 and GR2 may be formed in the propagation blocking area PBA. The grooves GR1 and GR2 may be filled with a medium different from the medium of the main vibration areas MA1 and MA2 and the medium of the sub-vibration areas SA1 to SA10. Here, the propagation of vibration is proportional to the density and propagation speed of the medium. Therefore, if the grooves GR1 and GR2 are filled with air or a low-density medium, the propagation blocking area PBA may prevent the vibration generated by the sound generator in one vibration area from propagating to other vibration areas. This will be referred to later. Fig.26 and Fig. 27 The propagation blocking area PBA is described in detail.

[0237] Fig.26 It is shown along Fig.25 A cross-sectional view of an example cross section of line III-III'. Fig.26 As shown in FIG. 1 , the display device 10 may include a display panel 110 , a lower panel member 113 disposed under the display panel 110 , and an adhesive layer AL combining the display panel 110 and the lower panel member 113 together.

[0238] Since the display panel 110, the adhesive layer AL and the lower panel member 113 are Fig.21 and Fig. 22 The display panel 110 , the adhesive layer AL, and the lower panel member 113 described are substantially the same, and thus a detailed description of the display panel 110 , the adhesive layer AL, and the lower panel member 113 will be omitted.

[0239] When the first main sound generator 510, the second main sound generator 520, and the first to tenth sub-sound generators 610 to 700 are disposed on the buffer member BL, a plurality of grooves GR1 and GR2 may be formed in the lower surface of the buffer member BL in the propagation blocking area PBA. That is, a portion of the buffer member BL through which the vibrations generated by the first main sound generator 510, the second main sound generator 520, and the first to tenth sub-sound generators 610 to 700 propagate may be excluded from the propagation blocking area PBA (e.g., removed from the propagation blocking area PBA). Therefore, the buffer member BL is discontinuous in the propagation blocking area PBA. Since this reduces the density of the buffer member BL in the propagation blocking area PBA, the vibrations generated by the first main sound generator 510 disposed in the first main vibration area MA1 may be prevented from propagating through the buffer member BL. In addition, the vibrations generated by the second main sound generator 520 disposed in the second main vibration area MA2 may be prevented from propagating through the buffer member BL.

[0240] according to Fig.26 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , in the propagation blocking area PBA provided between adjacent vibration areas MA1, MA2, SA1, SA2, SA3, SA4, SA5, SA6, SA7, SA8, SA9, and SA10, grooves GR1 and GR2 are formed in the lower surface of the buffer member BL of the lower panel part 113 through which the vibration generated by the sound generator propagates. In this case, the vibration generated by the sound generator in one vibration area can be prevented from propagating to other vibration areas by the propagation blocking area PBA. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the sound generator in one vibration area from affecting the sound output of the sound generator in other vibration areas.

[0241] If the lower panel member 113 is omitted, the first main sound generator 510, the second main sound generator 520, and the first to tenth sub sound generators 610 to 700 are disposed on the lower surface of the lower substrate 111. In this case, grooves GR1 and GR2 may be formed in the lower surface of the lower substrate 111 in the propagation blocking area PBA.

[0242] Fig. 27 It is shown along Fig.25 A cross-sectional view of an example cross section taken along line III-III'.

[0243] Fig. 27 The embodiments shown in Fig.26 The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is different in that the plurality of grooves GR1 and GR2 in the propagation barrier area PBA are filled with a low-density material DL. Fig. 27 In the Fig.26The elements and features of the embodiments shown in FIG. 1 are the same as those of the embodiments shown in FIG. 1 .

[0244] Reference Fig. 27 , the grooves GR1 and GR2 of the propagation barrier area PBA may be filled with a low-density material DL having a density lower than that of the buffer member BL. The low-density material DL may be an organic material such as foam, polymer resin, or resin. In this case, since the density of the medium in the propagation barrier area PBA is lower than the density of the medium in the first main vibration area MA1 and the density of the medium in the second main vibration area MA2, the vibration generated by the first main sound generator 510 disposed in the first main vibration area MA1 can be prevented from propagating through the buffer member BL. In addition, the vibration generated by the second main sound generator 520 disposed in the second main vibration area MA2 can be prevented from propagating through the buffer member BL.

[0245] Fig.28 It is shown Figure 2 1 is a bottom view of an example of a display panel 110 shown in FIG. Fig.29 It is shown along Fig.28 A cross-sectional view of an example cross section taken along line IV-IV'. Fig.30 It is shown along Fig.28 A cross-sectional view of an example cross section of line V-V'. Fig.28 , for ease of description, the flexible film 122, the source circuit board 140, the flexible cable 150, and the control circuit board 160 are omitted.

[0246] Fig.28 The embodiments shown in Fig. 20 The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is different in that a plurality of grooves are formed in the propagation blocking area PBA, and the first to sixth flexible circuit boards 731 to 736 intersect the propagation blocking area PBA. Fig.28 In the Fig. 20 The elements and features of the embodiments shown in FIG. 1 are the same as those of the embodiments shown in FIG. 1 .

[0247] like Fig.28 As shown in FIG. 1 , a plurality of grooves may be formed in the propagation barrier area PBA, and the plurality of grooves may be filled with a metal layer. The dielectric discontinuity caused by the grooves of the propagation barrier area PBA may prevent the vibration generated by a sound generator in one vibration area from propagating to other vibration areas.

[0248] The metal layer filling the groove may be electrically connected to the first main sound generator 510, the second main sound generator 520, and the first to tenth sub sound generators 610 to 700. In addition, the metal layer filling the groove may be electrically connected to the control circuit board 160 through an additional flexible circuit board.

[0249] Specifically, the first to sixth flexible circuit boards 731 to 736 may be disposed to intersect the propagation barrier area PBA. Each metal layer filling the groove of the propagation barrier area PBA may be connected to any one of the first to sixth flexible circuit boards 731 to 736 in an area where the first to sixth flexible circuit boards 731 to 736 overlap the propagation barrier area PBA.

[0250] For example, Fig.29 As shown in FIG. 1 , the lead terminals RT of the first flexible circuit board 731 may be connected to any four metal layers ML of the plurality of grooves GR filling the propagation barrier area PBA. In this case, the lead terminals of the third flexible circuit board 733 may be connected to the other four metal layers ML of the grooves GR filling the propagation barrier area PBA, and the lead terminals of the fifth flexible circuit board 735 may be connected to the other four metal layers ML of the grooves GR filling the propagation barrier area PBA.

[0251] In addition, the lead terminals RT of the second flexible circuit board 732 may be connected to any four metal layers ML filling the groove GR of the propagation barrier area PBA. In this case, the lead terminals of the fourth flexible circuit board 734 may be connected to the other four metal layers ML filling the groove GR of the propagation barrier area PBA, and the lead terminals of the sixth flexible circuit board 736 may be connected to the other four metal layers ML filling the groove GR of the propagation barrier area PBA.

[0252] In addition, if Fig.30 As shown in FIG. 1 , the protective layer PRL may be disposed on the metal layer ML filling the groove GR of the propagation barrier area PBA in an area where the first to sixth flexible circuit boards 731 to 736 do not overlap the propagation barrier area PBA. The protective layer PRL may be an inorganic layer or an organic layer. Therefore, the metal layer ML filling the groove GR of the propagation barrier area PBA may be prevented from being exposed to the outside in an area where the first to sixth flexible circuit boards 731 to 736 do not overlap the propagation barrier area PBA.

[0253] Fig.31is an exemplary view showing the sound output from the sound generator according to the image displayed on the display panel 110. In this example, for example, the volume of at least one sound generator disposed adjacent to the speaker in the image displayed on the display panel 110 among the multiple sound generators may be higher than the volumes of the other sound generators. For example, the volume of the first main sound generator 510 and the volume of the ninth sub-sound generator 690 disposed adjacent to the speaker among the sound generators may be controlled to be higher than the volumes of the other sound generators. In this case, since the position of the sound can be changed according to the position of the speaker in the image displayed on the display panel 110, the user can feel the sense of space in the image and sound provided by the display device 10. Therefore, the display device 10 can provide the user with more realistic and dynamic multimedia content (image associated with sound).

[0254] In various embodiments of the display device and the method of driving the display device, a plurality of sound generators are arranged to be distributed across the rear surface of the display panel, and individual sound generators are selectively activated according to the sound directional pattern. Thus, the sound can be output from a specific area of ​​the display panel and in a specific direction toward the position of the viewer.

[0255] In addition, according to the display device and the method of driving the display device according to the embodiment, since the propagation blocking area is provided between adjacent vibration areas, the vibration generated by the sound generator in any one vibration area can be prevented from propagating to other vibration areas. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the sound generator in one vibration area from affecting the sound output of the sound generator in other vibration areas.

[0256] Although example embodiments of the inventive concept have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the claimed subject matter as defined in the accompanying claims.

Claims

1. A display device, comprising: Display panel; as well as A first main sound generator and a sub-sound generator are both arranged on a first surface of the display panel, wherein the first main sound generator is disposed closer to the center of the display panel than each of the sub sound generators, wherein when a user is positioned at a first position on a second surface of the display panel opposite to the first surface of the display panel, the first main sound generator outputs a first directional sound in a first directional mode, wherein when a user is positioned at a second position on the second surface of the display panel, the first main sound generator and a first sub-sound generator of the sub-sound generators output a second directional sound in a second directional mode, and Wherein, when a user is positioned at a third position on the second surface of the display panel, the first main sound generator and a second sub-sound generator of the sub-sound generators output a third directional sound in a third directional mode.

2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The first sub sound generator is disposed closer to a first side of the display panel than the first main sound generator, and the second sub sound generator is disposed closer to a second side of the display panel than the first main sound generator.

3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein: The first side and the second side of the display panel are located on opposite sides of the display panel.

4. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a third sub-sound generator and a fourth sub-sound generator provided on the first surface of the display panel, wherein: The first main sound generator and the third sub sound generator output sounds in a fourth directional mode, and the first main sound generator and the fourth sub sound generator output sounds in a fifth directional mode.

5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein: The first main sound generator, the first sub sound generator, the second sub sound generator, the third sub sound generator, and the fourth sub sound generator jointly output sound in a non-directional mode.

6. The display device according to claim 5, wherein: The first main sound generator is disposed closer to the center of the display panel than the third sub sound generator and the fourth sub sound generator.

7. The display device according to claim 5, wherein: The third sub sound generator is disposed closer to a third side of the display panel than the first main sound generator, and the fourth sub sound generator is disposed closer to a fourth side of the display panel than the first main sound generator.

8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein: The third side and the fourth side of the display panel are located on opposite sides of the display panel.

9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The display device also includes a second main sound generator arranged on the first surface of the display panel, wherein the distance between the first main sound generator and the second main sound generator is less than each of the following distances: the distance between the first main sound generator and the first sub-sound generator; the distance between the first main sound generator and the second sub-sound generator; the distance between the second main sound generator and the first sub-sound generator; and the distance between the second main sound generator and the second sub-sound generator.

10. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: A size of the first main sound generator is larger than a size of the first sub sound generator and a size of the second sub sound generator.

11. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The sound output by the first main sound generator has a fundamental frequency higher than the fundamental frequency of the sound output by the first sub sound generator and the fundamental frequency of the sound output by the second sub sound generator.

12. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The sound pressure level of the sound output by the first main sound generator is higher than the sound pressure level of the sound output by each of the first sub-sound generator and the second sub-sound generator in a high-frequency region, and the sound pressure level of the sound output by each of the first sub-sound generator and the second sub-sound generator is higher than the sound pressure level of the sound output by the first main sound generator in a low-frequency region lower than the high-frequency region.

13. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The second sub sound generator outputs a sound wave in opposite phase to the sound of the first main sound generator in the second directional mode, and the first sub sound generator outputs a sound wave in opposite phase to the sound of the first main sound generator in the third directional mode.

14. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a lower panel member, the lower panel member comprising a buffer member disposed below the display panel and a heat dissipation member disposed below the buffer member, wherein: The first main sound generator, the first sub sound generator, and the second sub sound generator are disposed below the buffer member and do not overlap the heat dissipation member.

15. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The display panel includes a first main vibration area in which the first main sound generator is arranged, a first sub-vibration area in which the first sub-sound generator is arranged, a second sub-vibration area in which the second sub-sound generator is arranged, and a propagation blocking area, and parts of the propagation blocking area are arranged between the first main vibration area and the first sub-vibration area and between the first main vibration area and the second sub-vibration area.

16. The display device according to claim 15, further comprising a lower panel member, the lower panel member comprising a buffer member disposed below the display panel and a heat dissipation member disposed below the buffer member, wherein: The buffer member and the heat dissipation member are located outside the propagation blocking region.

17. The display device according to claim 15, wherein: The display panel includes a lower substrate, a thin film transistor layer disposed on the lower substrate, a light emitting element layer disposed on the thin film transistor layer, and a thin film encapsulation layer disposed on the light emitting element layer, and the lower substrate is removed from the propagation blocking region.

18. The display device according to claim 17, wherein: The thin film transistor layer, the light emitting element layer, and the thin film encapsulation layer are removed from the propagation blocking region.

19. The display device according to claim 18, wherein: The thin film encapsulation layer covers a side surface of the thin film transistor layer and an upper surface and a side surface of the light emitting element layer in the first main vibration region, the first sub vibration region, and the second sub vibration region.

20. The display device according to claim 15, further comprising a lower panel member, the lower panel member comprising a buffer member disposed below the display panel and a heat dissipation member disposed below the buffer member, wherein: The buffer member includes a plurality of grooves formed in a surface of the buffer member in the propagation blocking area. 21 . The display device of claim 20 , further comprising a low-density material filling the plurality of grooves and having a density lower than that of the buffer member. 22 . The display device of claim 20 , further comprising a metal layer filling at least a portion of each of the plurality of grooves. 23 . The display device of claim 22 , further comprising a first flexible circuit board connecting the metal layer and the first main sound generator. 24 . The display device of claim 23 , further comprising a protection layer disposed on the metal layer filling each of the plurality of grooves.

25. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: Each of the first main sound generator, the first sub sound generator, and the second sub sound generator includes: a first electrode to which a first driving voltage is applied; a second electrode to which a second driving voltage is applied; and A vibration layer is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode and contracts or expands according to the first driving voltage applied to the first electrode and the second driving voltage applied to the second electrode. 26 . The display device of claim 25 , further comprising a first flexible circuit board electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode of the first main sound generator.

27. The display device according to claim 26, wherein: The display panel comprises: substrate; a flexible film attached to one side of the substrate; and a control circuit board, electrically connected to the flexible film, Wherein, the first flexible circuit board is connected to a connecting member arranged on the control circuit board.

28. A method for driving a display device, the method comprising: capturing an image of an area in front of the display device using a camera sensor; as well as The processing circuit performs operations including: determining a location of a user by analyzing the image captured by the camera sensor; when the user is positioned opposite to a central area of ​​the display device, controlling a main sound generator disposed in the central area of ​​the display device to output a sound; when the user is positioned opposite to a first side of the display device, controlling each of a first sub sound generator and the main sound generator disposed closer to the first side of the display device than the main sound generator to output a sound; and When the user is positioned opposite to a second side of the display device, the main sound generator and a second sub sound generator disposed closer to the second side of the display device than the main sound generator are controlled to output a sound.

29. A display device, comprising: Display panel; a plurality of sound generators spaced laterally apart from one another across a rear surface of the display panel and each of which vibrates the rear surface of the display panel to produce sound; as well as a control circuit configured to activate a selected one of the plurality of sound generators to: (i) generate, in a first directional mode, a first sound that arrives at a first location at a higher sound pressure level than a sound pressure level that arrives at a second location when a user is positioned at the first location; and (ii) when the user is positioned at the second position, generating, in a second directional mode, a second sound that reaches the second position at a higher sound pressure level than the sound pressure level that reaches the first position, wherein the plurality of sound generators include a main sound generator and a sub sound generator, the main sound generator outputs sound in the first directional mode, and each of the main sound generator and the sub sound generator outputs sound in the second directional mode, and Wherein, the main sound generator is disposed closer to the center of the display panel than each of the sub sound generators.

30. The display device of claim 29, further comprising a camera sensor operable to capture an image of a scene when viewed outwardly from a front surface of the display panel, wherein The control circuit determines whether to activate the first orientation mode or the second orientation mode based on the captured image.

31. The display device according to claim 30, wherein: The control circuit determines whether to activate the first directional mode or the second directional mode based on at least one position of at least one user detected within the captured image.

Images