Softening vertical bulkhead constructs the ecological system of sponge city

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of softening vertical bulkhead construction sponge city's ecosystem, is composed of three basic units, plant bearing unit, fixed unit and plant fixer;Plant bearing unit is divided into two layers, and the upper layer support is fixed by steel welding connection between the lower layer, and the upper layer support is separated into multiple frame bodies by multiple horizontal steels in the frame, and the frame body is divided into multiple small square frames by multiple vertical steels;Multiple horizontal steels are welded in the lower layer support frame, and are arranged on the lower layer frame corresponding to the center line of the upper layer small square frame, to support the plant fixer.The application can improve the ecological environment of water body, enhance the self-purification of water body, provide habitat, breeding and refuge for various aquatic organisms and other amphibians, and ultimately form a healthy, multiple biological symbiotic water-land composite ecosystem.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to plant fixing frames, belonging to the field of resource and environmental technology, and particularly to water purification and ecological restoration of vertical solidified revetments for urban water bodies. These frames can enrich and remove various pollutants from the water, improve the self-purification capacity of the water body, and form a healthy aquatic-terrestrial composite ecosystem. Background Technology

[0002] Water embankments serve as the junction between water and land areas. As ecologically sensitive zones within urban water bodies, their treatment has a significant impact on the ecology of waterfront areas. Due to historical reasons, most urban water bodies in my country still have vertical concrete or stone embankments. While these solidified embankments may make the river landscape appear neat and tidy, they often sever the connection between the natural waterfront and the water body, directly damaging the foundation upon which riparian vegetation depends. This not only deprives many aquatic and terrestrial plants of their habitat but also deprives surrounding aquatic organisms of their habitats. Furthermore, the lack of permeability in solidified embankments hinders the water-air circulation between the river and its riparian vegetation, weakening air circulation within the water body. All these factors prevent urban water bodies from forming a healthy ecosystem with proper circulation, resulting in poor self-purification capacity, reduced pollution buffering capacity, and deteriorating water quality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide an ecosystem for constructing a sponge city by softening vertical revetments. Through its application, it can improve the aquatic ecological environment, enhance the self-purification function of water bodies, provide habitats, breeding grounds and refuges for various aquatic organisms and other amphibians, and ultimately form a healthy, multi-biological symbiotic aquatic-terrestrial complex ecosystem.

[0004] The advantages are as follows: First, by constructing plant-fixed supports on the vertical revetment, different flow velocity zones and water turbulence can be formed, allowing more oxygen from the air to dissolve into the water, increasing dissolved oxygen and promoting water purification; second, it can effectively enrich and remove various pollutants such as oxygen and phosphorus from the water, reducing COD and improving water quality; third, it not only provides good foraging and breeding grounds for insects and birds on the road, but its root system entering the water also provides foraging, refuge, and breeding grounds for various aquatic organisms; fourth, it can provide good habitat conditions for the large-scale proliferation of microorganisms to accelerate the decomposition of organic pollutants in the water phase; and fifth, it can be widely applied to water bodies with different levels of pollution.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] An ecosystem for building sponge cities by softening vertical revetments consists of three basic units: a plant-bearing unit, a fixed unit, and a plant planting device.

[0007] The plant support unit is divided into two layers, upper and lower. The upper support is connected and fixed to the lower support by welding steel bars. The upper support is divided into multiple rows of frames by multiple horizontal steel bars inside the frame. The frames are divided into multiple small square frames by multiple vertical steel bars.

[0008] Multiple horizontal steel bars are welded inside the lower support frame and are arranged on the lower frame corresponding to the center line of the upper small square frame, serving to support the planter.

[0009] The fixed unit consists of two vertically connected main frames and diagonal bracing between them. The vertical main frame is fixed at the waterline of the boat hull, while the load-bearing unit is fixed on the horizontal main frame, so that the lower frame is in contact with the water surface.

[0010] The horizontal main frame of the fixed unit is connected to the lower frame of the plant support unit by screws and fixing washers.

[0011] The plant planting device is made of polypropylene or polyethylene plastic material, including a plant planting basket and filler placed inside the plant planting basket. The plant planting basket is cylindrical with an outward-folding top edge.

[0012] The inner diameter of the plant planting basket is equal to the side length of the small square frame on the plant support unit, and a number of small holes are provided on the circumferential wall and the bottom.

[0013] Preferably, the plant support unit consists of two layers, with a distance of 15-50cm between them (the specific height can be designed according to specific needs). The length × width of the upper / lower support is 90cm × 70cm. (The specific size can be designed according to specific needs.)

[0014] Preferably, the upper support and the lower support are connected and fixed by welding steel bars. The upper support is divided into 3 rows of frames by two horizontal steel bars inside the frame. The frames on both sides are divided into 4 small square frames by 3 vertical steel bars. The side length of the square frame is 20cm (the specific length can be designed as needed).

[0015] Preferably, two horizontal steel bars are welded inside the lower support frame, respectively positioned on the lower frame corresponding to the center line connecting the two rows of upper square supports, serving to support the planter. Through the combined action of the upper and lower supports, the planter can be firmly fixed in the water, resisting the impact of large water flows.

[0016] Preferably, the fixed unit consists of two vertically connected main frames (triangle irons) and diagonal bracing between the two main frames, with the length of the upright main frame being 150cm (the specific length depends on the needs).

[0017] Preferably, the load-bearing unit is fixed on the horizontal main frame, 50cm away from the top of the vertical main frame, and the diagonal bracing installed at the bottom of the vertical and horizontal main frames is at a 45° angle to provide reinforcement and support.

[0018] Preferably, the horizontal main frame of the fixing unit is connected to the lower frame of the plant support unit by screws and fixing washers, which facilitates transportation and assembly.

[0019] Preferably, the planter is made of polypropylene or polyethylene plastic material, including a plant planting basket and filler placed inside the plant planting basket. The plant planting basket is cylindrical with an outward-flaring edge at the top, the width of which is 0.5-1cm (the specific width depends on the specific needs).

[0020] Preferably, the inner diameter of the plant planting basket is equal to the side length of the small square frame on the plant support unit, and a number of small holes are provided on the circumferential wall and the bottom, with the diameter of the small holes being 0.3-0.5cm (the specific size depends on the specific needs).

[0021] Furthermore, the filler is composed of a combination of various materials such as zeolite, limestone, and soil. The zeolite and limestone are modified and then mixed with soil in a certain proportion before being filled into the plant planting basket.

[0022] Furthermore, the selected plants include 10 terrestrial and wetland plants: tall-stemmed yellow canna lily, tall-stemmed orange-red canna lily, pink canna lily, purple-leaved canna lily, net-leaved canna lily, umbrella sedge, vetiver, and water spinach. For winter, 12 terrestrial and aquatic plants were selected: ryegrass, water celery, wheat, barley, pansy, white clover, carnation, silverleaf chrysanthemum, yellow ornamental kale, purple ornamental kale, red oxalis, and petunia.

[0023] A further technical solution is that the small boat can be any of the following: a small iron boat, a small wooden boat, or a bamboo raft. The small boat is fixed by being bolted together with cables. Softened vertical revetments are arranged around the hull of the small boat to construct the ecosystem of the sponge city, and the small boat floats on the revetment.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0025] (1) Using a small boat to suspend the ecosystem directly on the vertical revetment, on which plants and filler system are carried. The filler in the planter can fix the plants and enrich the nitrogen and phosphorus in the water to the vicinity of the plant roots through adsorption and ion exchange of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water phase. While the plants directly absorb a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water phase, they also absorb the nitrogen and phosphorus enriched by the filler through their well-developed branch roots.

[0026] (2) Due to the effective absorption and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus by plants in the filler, the natural desorption process of the filler can be promoted, creating conditions for the natural regeneration of the filler, delaying the effect cycle of the filler, and finally removing nitrogen and phosphorus from the water phase system by harvesting the plant body, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying water quality. Plant roots can penetrate through the small holes on the wall of the plant colonizer into the open water body, and together with the filler system in the colonizer, provide a rich attachment surface area for native microorganisms in the water body; at the same time, plant roots can secrete a large amount of fatty acids and other organic matter, providing a rich carbon source for native microorganisms, which greatly promotes the reproduction of native microorganisms in the water body.

[0027] (3) The ecosystem of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure and easy installation, not limited by water depth, especially suitable for water bodies with deeper water near the shore, and can rise and fall with the water level, which has obvious effect on improving the water ecological environment, is simple and easy to manage, and has strong adaptability to the original water quality. Its results can be applied to urban waters with different pollution levels and water depths. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the plant colonization device structure of the present invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 1-Plant support unit, 2-Fixing unit, 3-Plant planting device. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0032] This invention relates to an ecosystem for constructing a sponge city by softening vertical revetments. It consists of three basic units, such as... Figure 1-2 As shown, this invention mainly includes a plant support unit 1, a fixing unit 2, and a plant planting device 3. The main frames of both the plant support unit and the fixing unit are constructed from welded triangular iron and steel bars. The plant support unit consists of two layers, upper and lower, with a spacing of 15-50cm between them (the specific height can be designed according to specific needs). The length × width of the upper / lower support is 90cm × 70cm. (The specific size can be designed according to specific needs.)

[0033] The upper and lower supports are connected and fixed by welding steel bars. The upper support is divided into three rows of frames by two horizontal steel bars inside the frame. The frames on both sides are divided into four small square frames by three vertical steel bars. The side length of the square frame is 20cm (the specific length can be designed according to the needs).

[0034] Two horizontal steel bars are welded inside the lower support frame, and are respectively placed on the lower frame corresponding to the center line connecting the two rows of upper small square frames, serving to support the planter. Through the combined action of the upper and lower support layers, the ecosystem can be firmly fixed in the water and can withstand the impact of large water flows.

[0035] The fixed unit consists of two vertically connected main frames (triangle irons) and diagonal bracing between the two main frames. The length of the upright main frame is 150cm (the specific length depends on the needs). The upright main frame is fixed at the waterline position of the boat hull.

[0036] The load-bearing unit is fixed on the horizontal main frame, so that the lower frame is in contact with the water surface and is 50cm away from the top of the vertical main frame. The vertical main frame and the diagonal bracing at the bottom of the horizontal main frame are at 45°, which serves to reinforce and support the structure.

[0037] The horizontal main frame of the fixed unit is connected to the lower frame of the plant support unit by screws and fixing plates, which facilitates transportation and assembly.

[0038] The plant planting device is made of polypropylene or polyethylene plastic material, including a plant planting basket and filler placed inside the plant planting basket. The plant planting basket is cylindrical with an outward-flared top edge, the width of which is 0.5-1cm (the specific width depends on the specific needs).

[0039] The inner diameter of the plant planting basket is equal to the side length of the small square frame on the plant support unit. The circumference and bottom are provided with a number of small holes, the diameter of which is 0.3-0.5cm (the specific size depends on the specific needs).

[0040] The filler is composed of a combination of various materials such as zeolite, limestone, and soil. The zeolite and limestone are modified and then mixed with soil in a certain proportion and filled into the plant planting basket.

[0041] The selected plants include 10 terrestrial and wetland plants: tall-stemmed yellow canna lily, tall-stemmed orange-red canna lily, pink canna lily, purple-leaved canna lily, net-leaved canna lily, umbrella sedge, vetiver, and water spinach. The winter plants selected are 12 terrestrial and aquatic plants: ryegrass, water celery, wheat, barley, pansy, white clover, carnation, silverleaf chrysanthemum, yellow ornamental kale, purple ornamental kale, red oxalis, and petunia.

[0042] The small boat can be any of the following: a small iron boat, a small wooden boat, or a bamboo raft. The small boat is fixed by ropes. The boat is surrounded by softened vertical revetments to build a sponge city ecosystem. The small boat is close to the revetments.

[0043] 1. Selection of filler type and particle size in this invention:

[0044] The packing material selected in this invention is placed in a plant planting basket and then in water. The selected packing material must meet certain particle size requirements. Zeolite, fly ash, gravel, ceramsite, and limestone were initially selected as nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption packing materials, and experiments were conducted to assess their adsorption effects on nitrogen and phosphorus. Based on the adsorption effects and operability of the selected packing materials, zeolite was ultimately chosen as the nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption packing material, and limestone as the phosphorus adsorption packing material. Further research was conducted on the adsorption isotherms of ammonia nitrogen and soluble phosphate by zeolite and limestone of different particle sizes, the relationship between particle size and adsorption capacity, zeolite modification, and the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by different ratios of zeolite and limestone. Considering both the adsorption effect and the operability of this invention, the particle size of zeolite and limestone was ultimately determined to be 2-4 cm. The optimal conditions were: room temperature 25℃, pH 7-8, and NH4Cl concentration 1-10 mg / L. -1 The concentration of KH2PO4 was between 0.2 and 2.0 mg / L. -1 Under the given conditions, static test results showed that zeolite with a particle size of 2-4 cm achieved a removal rate of 30%-50% for ammonia nitrogen, while limestone achieved a removal rate of over 50% for soluble phosphate.

[0045] 2. This invention provides a screening method for nitrogen and phosphorus hyperaccumulating plant species and varieties.

[0046] To reduce costs and ensure operability in subsequent applications, the plant screening method of this invention utilizes the plant transplanter of this invention on a traditional polystyrene foam bed. To meet the practical needs of plant beds, plant screening experiments were conducted in different river water bodies in Shanghai. In the summer experiment, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the river water were 29.3 mg / L. -1 and 2.6 mg / L -1 and 16.8 mg / L -1 and 1.7 mg / L -1 The experiment was conducted from May to October; the total nitrogen and total phosphorus levels in the river water during winter were 21.5 mg / L. -1 and 2.2 mg / L -1 The experiment took place from November to April. Based on the plant height, root length, number of tillers, number of buds, fresh and dry weight of the aboveground and underground parts of the plant, i.e., the plant's growth capacity in polluted water, and the nitrogen and phosphorus content of various plant organs at the end of the experiment, plant species and varieties suitable for plant bed application and with super nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation capacity were screened.

[0047] The summer plants suitable for use in this invention include 10 terrestrial and wetland plants: tall-stemmed yellow canna lily, tall-stemmed orange-red canna lily, pink canna lily, purple-leaved canna lily, net-leaved canna lily, umbrella sedge, vetiver, and water spinach. The winter plants include 12 terrestrial and aquatic plants: ryegrass, water celery, wheat, barley, pansy, white clover, carnation, silverleaf chrysanthemum, yellow ornamental kale, purple ornamental kale, red oxalis, and petunia.

[0048] At the end of the experiment, based on the plant growth traits and the nitrogen and phosphorus content accumulated in various organs, seven summer plant varieties were selected: umbrella grass, tall yellow canna lily, tall orange canna lily, yellow canna lily, vetiver grass, and water spinach; and four winter plant varieties: ryegrass, water celery, barley, and wheat.

[0049] 3. The water purification effect of this invention

[0050] This invention facilitates water purification and ecological effect evaluation studies in simulated ponds. Therefore, from July to September 2007 and from May to October 2008, water purification effects and ecological effects were evaluated using plant beds on simulated black and odorous river water and simulated surface water of inferior quality (Class V). Plant cultivation and experimental preparation took place from May to July, and water purification and ecological effect evaluation experiments began from August to October. The study obtained relatively ideal data. The research was conducted in an artificial simulated pond with a volume of 150cm × 100cm × 100cm in a plastic greenhouse. The test plant was *Umbrella grass*. Experiment 1 in 2007 used zeolite as the filler, while Experiment 2 in 2008 used a mixture of zeolite and limestone (2:1). Both experiments included three treatments: the plant bed of this invention, a traditional polystyrene foam board floating bed, and a water body blank control. Each of the two ecological floating bed treatments contained two *Umbrella grass* plants and 16kg of filler. Each treatment was repeated 3 times.

[0051] 3.1 Water quality indicators of the test water body:

[0052] Experiment 1: The experiment was conducted from July 26 to September 26, 2007. The test water was river water, with a total nitrogen (TN) concentration of 20.0 mg / L. -1 TP at 1.99 mg / L -1 NH3-N 11.1 mg / L -1 COD Mn 10.2 mg / L -1 The water body is characterized by high levels of total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen, and low levels of organic matter.

[0053] Experiment 2: The experiment was conducted from August 5th to October 5th, 2008. The test water was prepared using Hoagland nutrient solution as a baseline, with tap water mixed to simulate the nutrient levels of polluted, odorous river water. TN 15.5 mg / L -1TP at 1.23 mg / L -1 NH3-N 14.5 mg / L -1 COD Cr 192mg / L -1 The water body is characterized by high levels of ammonia nitrogen and organic matter.

[0054] 3.2 Plant growth indicators of this invention:

[0055] This invention, along with traditional ecological floating beds, demonstrated that after a two-month experimental period in various test water bodies, the plants not only grew normally but also exhibited excellent growth. At the end of the experiment, plant height, root length, stem number, tillering, and biomass reached high levels, resulting in a significant overall landscape effect. In various treated water bodies and with different fillers, the plant biomass increased by 8-10 times compared to the initial experimental period, reaching 1500 g·m³. -2 The above level.

[0056] 3.3 The effect of this invention on water purification:

[0057] During the experiment, TN, TP, and COD were measured every 15 days in Experiment 1 and every 10 days in Experiment 2. Mn COD Cr Dynamic changes in water physicochemical indicators such as NH3-N, NO3-N, pH, and DO.

[0058] At the end of the experiment, the sediment at the bottom of the simulated tank and the deposits on the tank walls were thoroughly washed and mixed, and the above-mentioned indicators were measured to calculate the net removal rate of different indicators for each treatment. Only the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effects are described here.

[0059] Experiment 1.

[0060] At the end of the experiment, the self-purification rates of TN, TP, and NH3-N in the blank control water were 17.1%, 18.1%, and 60%, respectively. After deducting the self-purification rate of the blank control, the net removal rates of the present invention were 51.4% for TN, 57.4% for TP, and 28.7% for NH3-N; while the net removal rates of the traditional floating bed were 35.8% for TN, 53.2% for TP, and 21% for NH3-N. The results show that the present invention achieved a TN removal rate 17 percentage points higher than the traditional floating bed, and also showed a slight advantage in the removal rates of TP and NH3-N.

[0061] Experiment 2:

[0062] At the end of the experiment, the self-purification rates of TN, TP, and NH3-N in the blank control water were 15.6%, 18.3%, and 10.9%, respectively. After deducting the self-purification rate of the blank control, the net removal rates of the present invention were 66.9% for TN, 54.6% for TP, and 71.8% for NH3-N; while the net removal rates of the traditional floating bed were 55.6% for TN, 50.0% for TP, and 48.2% for NH3-N. The results show that the plant planting bed of the present invention has significantly higher removal rates of total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen than the traditional floating bed, by 11.3 and 23.6 percentage points, respectively.

[0063] The above results show that, under the same plant, different filler treatments, and different treatment periods with varying ammonia nitrogen content and physicochemical indicators, the plant bed of this invention showed a significantly higher nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate than the traditional floating bed at the end of the experiment.

[0064] 4. On-site verification

[0065] This ecosystem was constructed on a 500m vertical revetment along the Lujiabang River in Shanghai. 2 The total water area is 1500m² 2 Field verification studies were conducted. The water purification effect and aquatic biodiversity results were similar to those of the simulation studies. Plant growth indicators showed greater growth than in the simulation studies, and the nitrogen and phosphorus content in the plants was also higher. Field verification results indicate that the plant planting bed of this invention meets the design requirements.

[0066] Further research is needed on optimizing the planter structure to achieve higher plant growth indicators.

[0067] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecosystem for constructing a sponge city by softening vertical revetments, characterized in that, It consists of three basic units: a plant support unit, a fixing unit, and a plant planting device; The plant support unit is divided into two layers, upper and lower. The upper support is connected and fixed to the lower support by steel bars. The upper support is divided into multiple rows of frames by multiple horizontal steel bars inside the frame. The frames are divided into multiple small square frames by multiple vertical steel bars. Multiple horizontal steel bars are welded inside the lower support frame and are arranged on the lower frame corresponding to the center line of the upper small square frame, serving to support the planter. The fixed unit consists of two vertically connected main frames and diagonal bracing installed between the two main frames. The vertical main frame is fixed at the waterline of the small boat hull, and the horizontal main frame is connected to the lower frame of the plant support unit by screws and washers, so that the lower frame is in contact with the water surface. A plant planting device includes a plant planting basket and filler placed inside the plant planting basket. The plant planting basket is cylindrical with an outward-folding top edge. The width of the flange is 0.5-1cm. The inner diameter of the plant planting basket is equal to the side length of the small square frame on the plant support unit. Small holes are provided on the circumferential wall and bottom of the plant planting basket, with a diameter of 0.3-0.5cm. The filler is composed of zeolite, limestone and soil. The zeolite and limestone are modified and then mixed with soil in a certain proportion and filled into the plant planting basket. The particle size of the zeolite and limestone is 2-4cm. The selected plants are eight terrestrial and wetland plants: tall-stemmed yellow canna lily, tall-stemmed orange-red canna lily, pink canna lily, purple-leaved canna lily, net-leaved canna lily, umbrella sedge, vetiver, and water spinach; the winter plants selected are 12 terrestrial and aquatic plants: ryegrass, water celery, wheat, barley, pansy, white clover, carnation, silverleaf chrysanthemum, yellow ornamental kale, purple ornamental kale, red oxalis, and petunia. The small boat can be any of the following: a small iron boat, a small wooden boat, or a bamboo raft. The small boat is fixed by ropes. The boat is surrounded by soft, upright revetments to build a sponge city ecosystem. The small boat floats on the shore. The plant support unit is divided into two layers, with a distance of 15-50cm between the two layers. The length × width of the upper support / lower support is 90cm × 70cm. The upper support is divided into three rows of frames by two horizontal steel bars inside the frame. The frames on both sides are divided into four small square frames by three vertical steel bars. The side length of the small square frame is 20cm. The lower support frame has two horizontal steel bars welded inside, which are arranged on the lower frame corresponding to the center line of the two rows of upper small square frames, and serve to support the planter.

2. The ecosystem for constructing a sponge city by softening vertical revetments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical main frame is 150cm long. The horizontal main frame is 50cm away from the top of the vertical main frame. The diagonal bracing installed at the bottom of the vertical and horizontal main frames is at a 45° angle and serves to reinforce and support them.

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