Composite electrode for optoelectronic elements, series optoelectronic element and optoelectronic module

Abstract

The present application relates to a composite electrode for photoelectric elements and series connection photoelectric elements and photoelectric modules using the same. The composite electrode comprises an optically transparent film containing a dispersed conductive component and a polymer binder layer covering the surface thereof, and a plurality of parallel conductive wire bodies are provided in the binder layer, the conductive wire bodies being embedded in the binder layer and protruding from the surface of the binder layer. The composite electrode is applied to the electrically conductive surfaces of a plurality of photoelectric elements in a suitable size, the composite electrode and the electrically conductive surfaces of the plurality of photoelectric elements form good conductive contact to form series connection photoelectric elements, and a plurality of groups of series connection photoelectric elements are arranged to form a photoelectric module.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a composite electrode for contacting an electrically conductive surface of a photovoltaic cell. The present application further relates to a series photovoltaic cell and a photovoltaic module formed with the composite electrode. BACKGROUND

[0002] The state of the art photovoltaic technology produces electrical energy with a relatively high conversion efficiency, but the production and end use of PV cells and modules is still relatively complex and expensive compared to traditional energy sources such as hydroelectric, thermal, etc.

[0003] A PV cell generally used comprises a semiconductor element having a junction of the type (n+n (or p)p+) based on a single crystal or polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon and other thin film semiconductors with embedded p-n junctions. One surface of the photovoltaic element is generally covered with a metal layer or a passivation layer, such as a layer of aluminium or silver or a transparent conductive oxide layer such as ITO, while the other surface is provided with an anti-reflective layer. Both surfaces are in contact with electrodes which collect and carry away the electrical energy produced. The photovoltaic cell structure is encapsulated between transparent protective layers such as glass to form a photovoltaic module.

[0004] The electrodes currently used in the art are all produced using screen printing technology or evaporation / plating technology. However, the electrodes produced in this way have a high series resistance which prevents further improvement in conversion efficiency.

[0005] US patent US4380112A discloses a photovoltaic cell comprising an electrode for contacting a surface of the PV element, the electrode comprising an electrically insulating optically transparent support. The wires of the electrode are embedded in the electrically insulating optically transparent support so that the electrode wires are exposed on one side, the inner side. The completion of the PV element is achieved by electrostatic bonding of the inner surface of the transparent film together with the grid component to the exposed face of the front semiconductor element. The electrically insulating, optically transparent film is made of glass, so embedding the wire grid in the film involves pressing and heating the structure to approximately 700°C (glass melting point). The permanent contact between the metal wires and the semiconductor surface is formed by the electrostatic bonding step, i.e. applied on the glass + metal wires + semiconductor sandwich, which is heated again to 700°C. The heating of the structure during the manufacture of the electrode and the PV element is complex and cumbersome, so the production costs are relatively high. Moreover, the repeated heating steps involve the risk of faults and the production of debris.

[0006] Chinese patent CN100431175C also discloses an electrode for a photoelectric element for contacting an electrically conductive surface of a photoelectric element, the electrode comprising: an electrically insulating optically transparent film and a layer of adhesive covering the surface thereof, a plurality of parallel electrically conductive lines being provided in the layer of adhesive, the electrically conductive lines being embedded in the layer of adhesive and protruding from the surface of the layer of adhesive, the surface of the electrically conductive lines being covered by a layer of a low-melting alloy for forming a good electrical contact during subsequent processing.

[0007] However, due to the uneven thickness of the electrode lines, the width and thickness inconsistency between the parallel lines, and the electrode line resistance difference caused by the electrode printed or evaporated on the surface of the photoelectric element, the electrodes used in the above patents do not consider the current efficiency loss caused by the surface resistivity difference of the photoelectric element and the performance reduction caused by the inconsistency of the photoelectric element during operation. SUMMARY

[0008] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a composite electrode for a photoelectric element, a series-connected photoelectric element and a photoelectric module using the composite electrode, to improve the surface resistance consistency of the composite electrode and the photoelectric element used, and to solve the performance deterioration caused by the uneven resistance of the photoelectric element and the photoelectric module due to the manufacturing process.

[0009] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a composite electrode for a photoelectric element for contacting an electrically conductive surface of a photoelectric element, the electrode comprising: an optically transparent film containing a dispersed conductive component and a layer of polymeric adhesive covering the surface thereof, a plurality of parallel conductive line bodies being provided in the layer of adhesive, the conductive line bodies being embedded in the layer of adhesive and protruding from the surface of the layer of adhesive, the conductive line bodies protruding from the surface of the layer of adhesive being provided with a layer of low-melting alloy, the conductive line bodies being in electrical contact with the dispersed conductive component in the optically transparent film.

[0010] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a composite electrode for a photoelectric element for contacting an electrically conductive surface of a photoelectric element, the electrode comprising: an optically transparent polymeric adhesive layer containing a dispersed conductive component, a plurality of parallel conductive line bodies being provided in the layer of adhesive, the conductive line bodies being embedded in the layer of adhesive and protruding from the surface of the layer of adhesive, the conductive line bodies protruding from the surface of the layer of adhesive being provided with a layer of low-melting alloy, the conductive line bodies being in electrical contact with the dispersed conductive component in the layer of adhesive.

[0011] Further, the conductive component in the optically transparent film is dispersed in the main component during molding, and the conductive component is dispersedly distributed in the main component as a whole; or the conductive component in the optically transparent film is molded using a template method, and the conductive component is in a regular mesh or irregular mesh or other irregular shape, and the weight percentage of the conductive component in the weight of the main component is 1% to 99%.

[0012] The conductive component in the optically transparent film comprises a conductive polymer material, more specifically selected from poly-sulfur-nitrogen-based polymer materials or doped conjugated polymer materials, further selected from at least one of poly- pyrrole, poly-acetylene, poly-aniline, poly-thiophene, etc. In addition, the optically transparent film can be a composite material formed by an insulating polymer material and a conductive material selected from at least one of conductive carbon materials, metal materials, and composite conductive materials.

[0013] Further, the main component material in the optically transparent film is selected from one or more of fluorine resin, polyethylene resin, fluorine-containing polyethylene resin, epoxy resin, and polyamide resin, polyvinyl ether, acrylic resin, rubber resin, phenolic resin, silicone resin, etc.

[0014] Further, the main component material in the optically transparent film is selected from at least one of polyamide, poly-terephthalate, polyimide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, aramid, poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polybutylene terephthalate, poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide, polyacryl, polyoxymethylene, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicone rubber, polycarbonate, cellulose and its derivatives, starch and its derivatives, protein and its derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol and its cross-linked material, polyethylene glycol and its cross-linked material.

[0015] Further, the polymer adhesive layer material is selected from one or more of vinyl adhesive material, acrylic adhesive material, rubber adhesive material, silicone adhesive material, polyvinyl ether adhesive material, and epoxy adhesive material, etc.

[0016] Corresponding to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, the method for preparing a composite electrode of a photoelectric element comprises: forming an optically transparent film containing a dispersed conductive component and a polymer adhesive layer, the adhesive layer being provided with a plurality of parallel conductive wire bodies embedded in the adhesive layer and protruding from the surface of the adhesive layer, covering the polymer adhesive layer on the optically transparent film, and combining the optically transparent film and the polymer adhesive layer after heating to form a composite electrode.

[0017] Corresponding to the embodiment of the second aspect of the present application, the method for preparing a composite electrode of a photoelectric element comprises: adding a dispersed conductive component to an optically transparent polymer adhesive layer, and providing a plurality of parallel conductive wire bodies in the adhesive layer, the conductive wire bodies being embedded in the adhesive layer and protruding from the surface of the adhesive layer, heating the polymer adhesive layer to form a composite electrode, and the composite electrode being visible to regular or irregular conductive components on one side surface of the electrically conductive surface of the photoelectric element.

[0018] The composite electrode corresponding to the embodiments of the first aspect and the second aspect of the present application has an optical transparency of more than 90% under standard light conditions.

[0019] The embodiments of the third aspect of the present application provide a series photovoltaic element, before the conductive surface of the plurality of photovoltaic elements is coated with the composite electrode, the plurality of photovoltaic elements are arranged in series to form a series photovoltaic element, and the low-melting alloy layer protruding from the surface of the adhesive layer is fused with the conductive body of the conductive surface of the photovoltaic element under heat treatment conditions to form an ohmic contact, thereby forming a series photovoltaic element comprising a plurality of photovoltaic elements.

[0020] The embodiments of the fourth aspect of the present application further arrange the plurality of series photovoltaic elements of the third aspect in an array to form a photovoltaic module.

[0021] The regular or irregular conductive components in the optical transparent film of the composite electrode in the present application, or the visible regular or irregular conductive components in the composite electrode and the photovoltaic element, are electrically connected with the conductive wire body. The photovoltaic element, such as a photovoltaic cell or a photodetector diode or a light-emitting diode, has at least one pair of parallel elongated conductive bodies, usually tens of parallel elongated conductive bodies. The conductive wire body of the composite electrode in the present application is directly connected with the electrically conductive surface of the photovoltaic element. In the direction away from the photovoltaic element, the conductive wire body is connected with the conductive component in the composite electrode, and the conductive component is in a mesh shape, which is beneficial to the static electricity formed in the package body during high-temperature operation of the photovoltaic element to be discharged in time. The mesh-shaped conductive component serves as a static discharge channel of the package body, greatly reducing the risk of operation failure of the photovoltaic module. The arrangement of the conductive wire body in the composite electrode is beneficial to solving the problems of current efficiency loss and performance reduction caused by the inconsistency of the photovoltaic element surface printing or electroplating conductive body resistivity difference, improving the consistency of the surface electrical performance of the photovoltaic element and the photovoltaic module, and prolonging the service life of the photovoltaic element and the photovoltaic module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor under the premise of not deviating from the concept of the present application.

[0023] Figure 1 A composite electrode for a photovoltaic element is provided in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 A surface schematic diagram of the conductive component in the optical transparent film provided in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the conductive wire body provided in Embodiment One of the present application is shown in FIG. 1.

[0026] Figure 4 Another composite electrode for a photoelectric element provided in Embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Reference numerals: 11 - optically transparent film; 12, 41 - polymer binder layer; 13, 42 - conductive wire body; 21, 23, 24 - conductive component; 31 - body of the conductive wire body, 32 - low-melting alloy layer, photoelectric element 40. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0029] It should be noted that: similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for distinguishing description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 A composite electrode for a photoelectric element provided in Embodiment One of the present application, for contacting the electrically conductive surface of the photoelectric element, the electrode comprises: an optically transparent film 11 containing dispersed conductive components and a polymer binder layer 12 covering the surface thereof, a plurality of parallel conductive wire bodies 13 are provided in the binder layer 12, the conductive wire bodies 13 are embedded in the binder layer 12 and protrude from the surface of the binder layer 12, and the conductive wire bodies 13 are in electrical contact with the dispersed conductive components in the optically transparent film 11 on the side close to the optically transparent film 11.

[0031] The conductive components in the optically transparent film 11 are dispersed in the main component during molding, and the conductive components are diffusely distributed in the main component as a whole; or as shown in FIG. 2, the conductive components 21, 23, 24 in the optically transparent film are molded by a template method, the template is a hollow template, and the conductive components are dispersed in the main component during molding. Figure 2 Figure 2 ​The conductive component is in a regular or irregular mesh shape or other irregular shape, and the weight percentage of the conductive component in the main component is 1% to 99%, preferably 2% to 10%. The main component is usually an insulating material. The optical transparent film 11 requires low metal impurity content, especially low metal ion content, such as small ion radius metal ions such as Na, K, Li, etc. The optical transparent film 11 is required to have in-plane dispersion conductive properties and to ensure sufficient transparency, usually more than 90%. Under standard light conditions, the optical transparency of the composite electrode is also more than 90%.

[0032] The insulating material in the optical transparent film 11 is selected from one or more of fluorine resin, polyethylene resin, fluorine-containing polyethylene resin, epoxy resin, and polyamide resin, polyvinyl ether, acrylic resin, rubber resin, phenolic resin, silicone resin, etc.

[0033] In addition, the insulating material in the optical transparent film 11 can also be selected from at least one of polyimide, polyterephthalate, polyimide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, aramid, polyoxymethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polybutylene terephthalate, polyterephthalic acid, polyacetal, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicone rubber, polycarbonate, cellulose and its derivatives, starch and its derivatives, protein and its derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol and its cross-linked product, polyethylene glycol and its cross-linked product.

[0034] The conductive component in the optical transparent film 11 includes conductive polymer materials, more specifically selected from at least one of polythiophene-based polymer materials or doped conjugated polymer materials, further selected from at least one of polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polyaniline, polythiophene, etc. In addition, the optical transparent film 11 can be a composite material formed by an insulating polymer material and a conductive material, wherein the conductive material is selected from at least one of conductive carbon materials, metal materials, and composite conductive materials.

[0035] For the polymer adhesive layer 12, the selected material is required to have high ductility, good insulation performance, sufficient optical transparency and thermal stability, and good surface adhesion, and the combination with the adhesive surface has sufficient tensile strength. For example, the suitable polymer adhesive layer 12 material is selected from one or more of vinyl adhesive material, acrylic adhesive material, rubber adhesive material, silicone adhesive material, polyvinyl ether adhesive material, and epoxy adhesive material, etc.

[0036] The polymer adhesive layer 12 can be thermoplastic or thermosetting.

[0037] Since the optical transparent film 11 contains conductive component, the optical transparent film 11 is projected within the outline of the polymer binder layer 12 (as shown in Figure 1 Fig. 1) or the optical transparent film 11 is aligned with the edge of the polymer binder layer 12 (not shown), and the outline of the composite electrode is within the outline of the photoelectric element connected thereto. Such arrangement avoids the conductive component from spilling out during the connecting process of the optical transparent film 11 and the photoelectric element, and the conductive component connecting with the side surface and edge surface of the photoelectric element, thereby causing the loss of the electrical performance of the photoelectric element.

[0038] The conductive wire body 13 in the polymer binder layer 12 is made of good conductor material selected from Cu, Ag, Al, Ag / Al alloy, etc. As shown in Figure 3 Fig. 2, the body 31 of the conductive wire body 13 can be entirely coated with low melting point alloy layer 32.

[0039] In particular, the conductive wire body protruding the surface of the binder layer is provided with low melting point alloy layer. The low melting point alloy layer can be usually selected from metals or metal alloys suitable for soldering, such as Ag, B, Ni, Bi, Cd, Ga, In, Pb, Sn, etc. or low melting point alloy formed by the metals. The conductive material composed of organic binder with metal and alloy particles can also be used.

[0040] The method for preparing the composite electrode as shown in Figure 1 Fig. 1 comprises: forming the optical transparent film 11 containing dispersed conductive component and the polymer binder layer 12, the binder layer 12 is provided with a plurality of parallel conductive wire bodies 13, the conductive wire body 13 is embedded in the binder layer 12 and protrudes from the surface of the binder layer 12, the polymer binder layer 12 is provided on the optical transparent film 11, and the optical transparent film 11 and the polymer binder layer 12 are combined after heating to form the composite electrode, and the regular or irregular conductive component exists in the optical transparent film 11 layer of the composite electrode.

[0041] The optically transparent film 11 of the composite electrode formed by the above method contains regular or irregular conductive components, and the composite electrode is applied to the conductive surface of the optoelectronic element. The optoelectronic element, such as a photovoltaic cell or a photodetector diode or a light-emitting diode, has at least one pair of parallel elongated conductive bodies, usually tens of parallel elongated conductive bodies. The conductive wire body 13 of the composite electrode described in this embodiment is directly connected to the electrically conductive surface of the optoelectronic element. In the direction away from the optoelectronic element, the conductive wire body 13 is connected to the conductive components in the composite electrode, which are in a network or irregular shape. The conductive components are electrically connected to the conductive wire body of the composite electrode, which is beneficial to the static electricity formed in the package during high-temperature operation of the optoelectronic element. The conductive components act as a static discharge channel for the package, greatly reducing the risk of operation failure of the optoelectronic module. The consistency of the surface electrical properties of the optoelectronic element and the optoelectronic module is improved, and the service life of the optoelectronic element and the optoelectronic module is improved.

[0042] Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 Another composite electrode for an optoelectronic element is provided for the second embodiment of the present application, which is used to contact the electrically conductive surface of the optoelectronic element 40 (including a plurality of groups of parallel conductors perpendicular to the conductive wire body 42, not shown). The electrode comprises: an optically transparent polymer adhesive layer 41 containing dispersed conductive components, a plurality of parallel conductive wire bodies 42 are provided in the adhesive layer 41, the conductive wire body 42 is embedded in the adhesive layer 41 and protrudes from the surface of the adhesive layer 41, and the conductive wire body 42 protruding from the surface of the adhesive layer 41 is provided with a low-melting-point alloy layer, and the conductive wire body 42 is in electrical contact with the dispersed conductive components in the adhesive layer 41. The improvement of this embodiment over the embodiment shown in Figure 1 The improvement of this embodiment over the embodiment shown in

[0043] The polymer adhesive layer 41 in this embodiment is optically transparent, wherein the main component is an insulating material, and the conductive component is in a regular net shape or an irregular net shape or other irregular shape in the entire plane, and the weight percentage of the conductive component in the main component is 1% to 99%, preferably 2% to 10%. The polymer adhesive layer 41 requires low metal impurity content, especially low metal ion content, such as small ion radius metal ions such as Na, K, Li, etc. The polymer adhesive layer 41 is required to have in-plane dispersible conductive properties and to ensure sufficient transparency, which is usually required to be more than 90%. Under standard light conditions, the optical transparency of the composite electrode is also more than 90%.

[0044] Similarly, the polymer adhesive layer 41 can be thermoplastic or thermosetting. The polymer adhesive layer 41 is selected from one or more of a vinyl adhesive material, an acrylic adhesive material, a rubber adhesive material, a silicone adhesive material, a polyvinyl ether adhesive material, and an epoxy adhesive material, etc.

[0045] In particular, the polymer adhesive layer 41 is selected from, but not limited to, one or more of a fluororesin, a polyvinyl resin, a fluorine-containing polyvinyl resin, an epoxy resin, and a polyamide resin, a polyvinyl ether, an acrylic resin, a rubber resin, a phenolic resin, a silicone resin, etc.

[0046] The conductive component in the polymer adhesive layer 41 includes a conductive polymer material, more specifically selected from a poly-sulfur-nitrogen polymer material or a doped conjugated polymer material, further selected from at least one of a polypyrrole, a polyacetylene, a polyaniline, a polythiophene, etc.

[0047] In addition, the optically transparent polymer adhesive layer 41 can be a composite material formed by an insulating polymer material and a conductive material, wherein the conductive material is selected from at least one of a conductive carbon material, a metal material, and a composite conductive material.

[0048] Since the polymer adhesive layer 41 contains a conductive component, the projection of the polymer adhesive layer 41 on the surface of the photoelectric element is within the outer contour of the photoelectric element, so as to prevent the conductive component from overflowing during the connection process of the polymer adhesive layer 41 and the photoelectric element, and the conductive component is connected to the side surface and the edge surface of the photoelectric element, causing loss of electrical properties of the photoelectric element.

[0049] The material of the conductive wire body 42 in the polymer adhesive layer 41 is selected from Cu, Ag, Al, Ag / Al alloy, and other good conductor materials. The conductive wire body 42 can be entirely coated with a low-melting alloy layer. In particular, the conductive wire body 42 protruding from the surface of the adhesive layer 41 is provided with a low-melting alloy layer. The low-melting alloy layer can be typically selected from metals or metal alloys that are partially suitable as solder, such as Ag, B, Ni, Bi, Cd, Ga, In, Pb, Sn, and other metals or low-melting alloys formed by the metals. A conductive material composed of an organic binder with metal and alloy particles can also be used.

[0050] The method for preparing the composite electrode as shown in Figure 4 includes adding a dispersed conductive component in an optically transparent polymer adhesive layer 41, and providing a plurality of parallel conductive wire bodies 42 in the adhesive layer 41, the conductive wire bodies 42 being embedded in the adhesive layer 41 and protruding from the surface of the adhesive layer 41. The polymer adhesive layer 41 is heated to form the composite electrode. The composite electrode has a regular or irregular conductive component visible on one side surface of the electrically conductive surface of the photoelectric element 40. Preferably, the composite electrode has a regular or irregular conductive component.

[0051] The conductive wire body 42 of the composite electrode is directly connected to the electric conductor (not shown) of the electrically conductive surface of the photoelectric element 40. For a photovoltaic cell, the plurality of parallel conductive bodies distributed on the surface, the conductive component of the composite electrode is connected across the parallel conductive bodies of the photovoltaic cell to form an additional conductive channel, which is beneficial for repairing partial light-generated current collection loss caused by poor printed conductive bodies and reducing efficiency loss caused by process inconsistency of the photoelectric element. Another beneficial aspect is that the conductive component connected across the parallel conductive bodies of the photovoltaic cell is beneficial for current rebalancing when the photovoltaic cell collects light-generated current, thereby improving the uniformity of the efficiency output of the photovoltaic cell. For other photoelectric elements, similar effects are also achieved.

[0052] In addition, the conductive component can also be in a mesh or irregular shape on the side of the composite electrode away from the photoelectric element, and the conductive component is electrically connected to the conductive wire body of the composite electrode, which is beneficial for the static electricity formed in the package during high-temperature operation of the photoelectric element to be discharged in time. The conductive component acts as a static discharge channel of the package, greatly reducing the risk of operation failure of the photoelectric module. For other photoelectric elements, similar effects are also achieved.

[0053] In summary, the arrangement of the conductive wire body and the conductive component in the composite electrode is conducive to solving the problems of current efficiency loss and performance reduction caused by the missing or resistivity difference of the conductive body printed or plated on the surface of the photoelectric element, improving the consistency of the surface electrical properties of the photoelectric element and the photoelectric module, and prolonging the service life of the photoelectric element and the photoelectric module. It is particularly suitable for improving the efficiency and yield of various high-efficiency photovoltaic cells, double-sided photovoltaic cells, laminated photovoltaic cells, and stacked photovoltaic modules.

[0054] The method for forming a series-connected photoelectric element using the composite electrode 10, 20 is as follows: the composite electrode 10, 20 is applied to the conductive surface of the photoelectric element, or the composite electrode 10, 20 is first cut to a suitable size according to the shape of the conductive surface of the photoelectric element, and then applied to the conductive surface of the photoelectric element; after forming a series-connected structure of multiple photoelectric elements, the low-melting-point alloy layer protruding from the surface of the adhesive layer is fused with the conductive body of the conductive surface of the photoelectric element under heat treatment conditions to form an ohmic contact, and finally a series-connected photoelectric element containing multiple photoelectric elements is formed.

[0055] Further, multiple groups of series-connected photoelectric elements can be combined in various array forms to form a photoelectric module, so that the photoelectric module has high efficiency and long service life.

[0056] The above only describes the embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A composite electrode for a photovoltaic cell, the electrode comprising: An optically transparent film containing dispersed conductive components and a polymer adhesive layer covering the surface of the film, the adhesive layer having a plurality of parallel conductive lines embedded in the adhesive layer and protruding from the surface of the adhesive layer, the conductive lines protruding from the surface of the adhesive layer having a low-melting alloy layer, the conductive lines being in electrical contact with the dispersed conductive components in the optically transparent film, the main component of the optically transparent film being an insulating material.

2. The composite electrode according to claim 1, wherein The conductive components in the optically transparent film are dispersed in the main component during formation, the conductive components being diffusely distributed throughout the main component; or the conductive components in the optically transparent film are formed using a template method, the conductive components being in a regular network or an irregular network or other irregular shape, the weight percentage of the conductive components in the main component being 1% to 99%.

3. The composite electrode of claim 2, wherein The conductive components in the optically transparent film comprise conductive polymer materials.

4. The composite electrode of claim 3, wherein The conductive components in the optically transparent film are selected from polyazothiophene-based polymer materials or doped conjugated polymer materials.

5. The composite electrode of claim 4, wherein The conductive components in the optically transparent film are selected from at least one of polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polyaniline, and polythiophene.

6. The composite electrode of claim 2, wherein The optically transparent film is a composite material formed by an insulating polymer material and a conductive material, wherein the conductive material is selected from at least one of conductive carbon materials, metal materials, and composite conductive materials.

7. The composite electrode of claim 2, wherein The main component material in the optically transparent film is selected from one or more of fluororesin, polyvinyl resin, fluorine-containing polyvinyl resin, epoxy resin, and polyamide resin, polyvinyl ether, acrylic resin, rubber resin, phenolic resin, and silicone resin.

8. The composite electrode of claim 2, wherein The main component material in the optically transparent film is selected from at least one of polyamide, polyterephthalate, polyimide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, aramid, polyoxymethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polybutylene terephthalate, polyoxymethylene terephthalate, polyacrylvinyl, polyformaldehyde, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicone rubber, polycarbonate, cellulose and its derivatives, starch and its derivatives, protein and its derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol and its cross-linked products, and polyethylene glycol and its cross-linked products.

9. A composite electrode for a photovoltaic cell, the electrode comprising: An optically transparent polymer adhesive layer containing dispersed conductive components, the adhesive layer having a plurality of parallel conductive lines embedded in the adhesive layer and protruding from the surface of the adhesive layer, the conductive lines protruding from the surface of the adhesive layer having a low-melting alloy layer, the conductive lines being in electrical contact with the dispersed conductive components in the adhesive layer, the main component of the adhesive layer being an insulating material.

10. The composite electrode of claim 9, wherein The conductive components in the polymer adhesive layer are dispersed in the main component during formation, the conductive components being diffusely distributed throughout the main component; or the conductive components in the polymer adhesive layer are formed using a template method, the conductive components being in a regular network or an irregular network or other irregular shape, the weight percentage of the conductive components in the main component being 1% to 99%.

11. The composite electrode of claim 10, wherein The conductive components in the polymer adhesive layer comprise conductive polymer materials.

12. The composite electrode of claim 11, wherein, The conductive components in the polymer adhesive layer are selected from polyazothiophene-based polymer materials or doped conjugated polymer materials.

13. The composite electrode of claim 12, wherein, The conductive component in the polymer adhesive layer is selected from at least one of polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polyaniline, and polythiophene.

14. The composite electrode of claim 10, wherein The polymer adhesive layer is a composite material formed by an insulating polymer material and a conductive material, wherein the conductive material is selected from at least one of conductive carbon material, metal material, and composite conductive material.

15. The composite electrode of claim 10, wherein The main component material in the polymer adhesive layer is selected from one or more of fluororesin, polyvinyl resin, fluorine-containing polyvinyl resin, epoxy resin, and polyamide resin, polyvinyl ether, acrylic resin, rubber resin, phenolic resin, and silicone resin.

16. The composite electrode of claim 10, wherein The polymer adhesive layer material is selected from one or more of vinyl adhesive material, acrylic adhesive material, rubber adhesive material, silicone adhesive material, polyvinyl ether adhesive material, and epoxy adhesive material.

17. A series photovoltaic cell comprising a composite electrode as claimed in any one of claims 1-16 applied to a conductive surface of a photovoltaic cell, or a composite electrode as claimed in any one of claims 1-16 being first cut to a suitable size according to the shape of the conductive surface of the photovoltaic cell and then applied to the conductive surface of the photovoltaic cell, and after forming a series structure of a plurality of photovoltaic cells, the low-melting alloy layer of the conductive wire body protruding from the surface of the adhesive layer is fused to the conductive body of the conductive surface of the photovoltaic cell under heat treatment conditions to form an ohmic contact, and finally a series photovoltaic cell comprising a plurality of photovoltaic cells is formed.

18. A photovoltaic module utilizing the tandem photovoltaic cell of claim 17, wherein, A plurality of the series photovoltaic cells are arranged in an array to form a photovoltaic module.

19. A method of making a composite electrode for a photovoltaic element, the electrode for contacting an electrically conductive surface of the photovoltaic element, the method of making the electrode comprising: An optically transparent film containing dispersed conductive components and a polymer adhesive layer are formed, the adhesive layer having a plurality of parallel conductive wire bodies embedded therein and protruding from the surface of the adhesive layer, the polymer adhesive layer is applied to the optically transparent film, the conductive wire bodies are in electrical contact with the dispersed conductive components, and after heating, the optically transparent film and the polymer adhesive layer are combined to form a composite electrode.

20. A method of making a composite electrode for a photovoltaic element, the electrode for contacting an electrically conductive surface of the photovoltaic element, the method of making the electrode comprising: An optically transparent polymer adhesive layer is formed with dispersed conductive components, and the adhesive layer has a plurality of parallel conductive wire bodies embedded therein and protruding from the surface of the adhesive layer, the conductive wire bodies are in electrical contact with the dispersed conductive components, and after heating, the polymer adhesive layer is formed into a composite electrode.

21. A method of making a tandem optoelectronic element, characterized by, A composite electrode as claimed in any one of claims 1-16 is applied to a conductive surface of a photovoltaic cell, or a composite electrode as claimed in any one of claims 1-16 is first cut to a suitable size according to the shape of the conductive surface of the photovoltaic cell and then applied to the conductive surface of the photovoltaic cell, and after forming a series structure of a plurality of photovoltaic cells, the low-melting alloy layer of the conductive wire body protruding from the surface of the adhesive layer is fused to the conductive body of the conductive surface of the photovoltaic cell under heat treatment conditions to form an ohmic contact, and finally a series photovoltaic cell comprising a plurality of photovoltaic cells is formed.

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