Transmitting device for a LIDAR scanner with a scanning mirror covered by a covered element

Abstract

The present invention relates to a transmitting device, the transmitting device comprising an emitting device (1) and a scanning mirror (2) which can be deflected about its central point (MP), the scanning mirror being arranged in a housing (3) with a transparent covering element (4). The covering element (4) is formed at least in the coupling-out region (4.2) by a segment of a single-centre hemispherical shell (HK) with a centre of curvature (K) and is arranged to cover the scanning mirror (2) such that the centre of curvature (K) coincides with the central point (MP) of the scanning mirror (2).

Description

Field of Technology

[0001] The present invention relates to a transmitting device for a LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) scanner, which scans at least one scanning angle range with collimated laser radiation. Background Art

[0002] In distance measurements where individual scan points are approximately imaged to infinity, individual angular ranges have a three-dimensional extension by scanning a two-dimensional scan field or a two-dimensional extension by scanning a one-dimensional scan line.

[0003] Although the extension of the scan field or scan line is limited by the maximum deflection angle of the scanning mirror, its depth is basically determined on the one hand by the Lambert-Beer law (according to the Lambert-Beer law, the intensity of the radiation decreases exponentially with the travel path), and is determined by the required laser class, which limits the power of the radiation source.

[0004] A large scanning angle range is meaningful, for example, at locations where a large spatial range should be monitored seamlessly. Related application areas can be, for example, aviation, shipping, military technology, or the autonomous driving of road vehicles.

[0005] By using a rotating mirror that can scan a large scanning angle as the scanning mirror, additional discrete components are also required, such as a bracket in which the mirror axis is supported. The friction generated during rotation causes wear and thus slip due to wear. Currently, assemblies made of discrete components are generally more complex to manufacture and are therefore more expensive than monolithic assemblies. Assemblies made of discrete components are also less easy to miniaturize and are generally heavier.

[0006] A MEMS mirror (MEMS = Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) that operates completely without wear is monolithically connected to a frame by solid hinges, where two solid hinges arranged 180° apart around the center point of the MEMS mirror form a rotation axis from a mechanical perspective. There are commercially available MEMS mirrors that can be deflected around only one rotation axis, around two mutually perpendicular rotation axes, or around three or more hinges forming separate suspensions. Due to the solid hinge connection, the deflection angle of the MEMS mirror relative to the frame is respectively limited to approximately + / - 10° around the undeflected zero position. The frictionless operation, its achievable high operating frequency, and the relatively low price make MEMS mirrors attractive for dynamic, compact, and robust devices.

[0007] However, when using a MEMS mirror as the scanning mirror for a transmitting device, the limited small deflection angle is disadvantageous. The maximum scanning angle range of the laser beam reflected by the MEMS mirror is four times the maximum deflection angle and is thus approximately at most 40°. It is obvious that using multiple MEMS mirrors to achieve a combined larger scanning angle range from the scanning angle ranges of individual MEMS mirrors, or to create multiple scanning angle ranges spaced apart from each other. However, on the one hand, this affects the compactness of the device, and on the other hand, technical measures would have to be taken to synchronize the MEMS mirrors in their movement sequence. As an alternative, multiple laser beams are aligned with the MEMS mirror at different incident angles such that these laser beams scan multiple adjacent individual scanning angle ranges, and the scanning angle ranges are combined into a large scanning angle range. The disadvantage here is the covering element arranged in front of the MEMS mirror, which, according to the prior art, is only known in the form of a flat plate, and the flat plate has different effects on the individual laser beams.

[0008] Regardless of whether the scanning mirror is a MEMS mirror, there is reason to enclose the scanning mirror in a housing and cover it with a covering element and thus protect it. As is known, the covering element is always a transparent flat plate arranged parallel or inclined to the undeflected mirror.

[0009] The laser beam arriving on the covering element (which may also relate to multiple laser beams directed onto the scanning mirror) and each laser beam after reflection on the scanning mirror thus undergoes Fresnel losses more or less depending on the incident angle on the flat plate, which more or less reduces the intensity of the laser beam depending on the position. Additionally, unwanted reflections may occur on the covering element.

[0010] An optical object detection unit with a transmission unit is known from DE 10 2012 025 281 A1. The transmission unit comprises: a transmitter for emitting a laser beam, a micromirror pivotable about its center point about one or two pivot directions, and a transmission lens arranged behind the micromirror and covering the micromirror in the transmission beam path. The transmission lens implemented as a meniscus lens can also be used here as the covering part of the housing of the transmission unit. Here, the disadvantage is that since the laser beam cannot be guided to the micromirror through the transmission lens, it is not possible to enclose only the micromirror itself.

[0011] A projection device is known from DE 10 2011 006 159 A1. The projection device has a MEMS mirror that can be pivoted to at least two switching positions. The MEMS mirror is covered by a gradient-index lens. The gradient-index lens is a plano-convex lens with strong positive refraction or a meniscus lens with strong positive refraction, and its flat surface or concave surface faces the MEMS mirror. An estimated parallel cluster of laser beams incident through the gradient-index lens is focused onto the MEMS mirror, and after reflection, is re-collimated as needed when passing through the gradient-index lens again. The disadvantages are: on the one hand, due to the limitation of the flat surface of the gradient-index lens, the MEMS mirror has only a very small pivoting range; on the other hand, due to refraction on the flat surface or concave surface of the gradient-index lens, laser beams from different incident angles may not reach the MEMS mirror at the same point. Summary of the Invention

[0012] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to find an emission device for a LIDAR scanner with a scanning mirror protected by a covering element, wherein the lowest Fresnel losses occur on the covering element and no unwanted reflections occur.

[0013] The object of the present invention is solved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are given in the dependent claims. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0014] The present invention is explained in more detail below based on embodiments and the drawings. In the drawings:

[0015] Figure 1 A first embodiment of an emission device with an emission device that emits a pre-collimated laser beam is shown,

[0016] Figure 2 A second embodiment of an emission device with an emission device that emits two pre-collimated laser beams that are angled to each other is shown,

[0017] Figure 3 Shows in accordance with Figure 1 or Figure 2 A simplified optical schematic of the beam path of the laser beam in the emission device,

[0018] Figure 4a A third embodiment of an emission device with an emission device that emits two pre-collimated laser beams that are parallel to each other is shown,

[0019] Figure 4b Shows an enlarged partial view of the emission device according to Figure 4a of the emission device,

[0020] Figure 5Magnified partial illustration showing a fourth embodiment of a transmitting device with an emitting device, the emitting device emitting three pre-collimated laser beams parallel to each other in a row

[0021] Figure 6 Magnified partial illustration showing a fifth embodiment of a transmitting device with an emitting device, the emitting device emitting three pre-collimated laser beams parallel to each other in a row

[0022] Figure 7 Magnified partial illustration showing a sixth embodiment of a transmitting device with an emitting device, the emitting device emitting three pre-collimated laser beams parallel to each other in a row

[0023] Figure 8 Magnified partial illustration showing a seventh embodiment of a transmitting device with an emitting device, the emitting device emitting three pre-collimated laser beams parallel to each other in a row, and

[0024] Figure 9 Showing a simplified optical schematic of the beam path of the laser beam within the transmitting device according to Figures 4a to 8 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The transmitting device according to the invention in principle comprises an emitting device 1 as shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 or Figure 4a , the emitting device emitting at least one laser beam S1, …, S n with a beam axis A1, …, A n , and comprising a scanning mirror 2 which is deflectable about its center point MP by a deflection angle β. The scanning mirror 2 is arranged in a housing 3 with a transparent covering element 4. The beam axis A1, …, A n of at least one laser beam S1, …, S n points to the covering element 4 such that after at least one laser beam S1, …, S n has passed through the covering element 4 in the coupling-in region 4.1, the beam axis A1, …, A n reaches the center point MP of the scanning mirror 2. After being reflected on the scanning mirror 2, at least one laser beam S1, …, S n passes through the covering element 4 again in the coupling-out region 4.2.

[0026] Crucial according to the invention is that the covering element 4 is formed at least in the coupling-out region 4.2 by a segment of a single-centered hemispherical shell HK (hereinafter only referred to as the hemispherical shell HK), and the covering element 4 is arranged to cover the scanning mirror 2 such that the curvature center point K of the imaginary single-centered hemispherical shell HK coincides with the center point MP of the scanning mirror 2. "Single-centered" means that the curvature center points of the two surfaces of the hemispherical shell HK coincide.

[0027] The covering element 4 only has the function of protecting the scanning mirror 2 to avoid unwanted optical influences. By conceiving the covering element as a section of a single-centered hemispherical shell HK at least in the exit region, the covering element has the same effect on each laser beam S1, …, S reflected from the center point MP of the scanning mirror 2 into the exit region. n Each laser beam S1, …, S pointing to the center point MP of the scanning mirror 2 n has its main beam reflected in the vertical direction onto the two surfaces of the hemispherical shell HK and thus extends through the covering element 4 without interruption. Since the hemispherical shell HK necessarily has a certain thickness, all the other beams of the laser beams S1, …, S (to be precise, it should be expressed as a cluster of laser beams) necessarily refract at the boundary surface, where the hemispherical shell HK acts as a scattering lens. By pre-collimating the laser beams S1, …, S from the exit device 1 towards the covering element 4, the inevitable optical effect of the hemispherical shell HK is compensated. Here, pre-collimation means that the laser beams S1, …, S n have low convergence. The laser beams S1, …, S are fully collimated by the scattering effect of the hemispherical shell HK. n n n

[0028] The covering element 4 can be a complete hemispherical shell HK, see Figure 1 , the covering element can be a hemispherical shell HK such that a deflecting element 5 is integrated or constructed in the coupling-in region 4.1, see Figure 4a , until the hemispherical shell HK is reduced to a segment including the coupling-out region 4.2 and is arranged as a flat plate parallel or inclined to the undeflected scanning mirror in the coupling-in region. In principle, the covering element 4 can also be formed by segments of two hemispherical shells with different radii in the coupling-in region 4.1 and the coupling-out region 4.2, where the curvature center points of the two hemispherical shells coincide with the center point MP of the scanning mirror. For the description hereinafter of the present invention, for the sake of simplicity, it should be considered that in the case where the coupling-in region 4.1 and the coupling-out region 4.2 are formed by segments of a single hemispherical shell, the covering element itself is a complete hemispherical shell. The hemispherical shell HK has a negative refractive power. The hemispherical shell is defined by a geometric base circle, which is described by the contour of the bottom surface of the hemispherical shell HK and has a surface center point. The surface center point is simultaneously the curvature center point K of the hemispherical shell HK and is the curvature center point K of all segments of this hemispherical shell HK. That is, if the hemispherical shell HK is reduced to a segment, this segment can also be assigned the same curvature center point K as the hypothetically assigned complete hemispherical shell HK.

[0029] The different effects of different embodiments of the coupling-in region 4.1 are explained hereinafter according to the embodiments.

[0030] The covering element 4 must be arranged to cover the scanning mirror 2 such that the surface center point of the geometric base circle G lies on the scanning mirror 2 within the center point MP of the scanning mirror. Tolerances depending on manufacturing and installation, long-term drifts, and tolerance deviations that lead to a deterioration of the beam quality are included herein.

[0031] Also crucial according to the invention is that at least one laser beam S1,…,S n is convergently pre-collimated before passing through the covering element 4 in the coupling-in region 4.1 and is fully collimated after re-passing through the covering element 4 in the coupling-out region 4.2.

[0032] In view of the emission characteristics of the laser source (e.g., laser diode), a person skilled in the art can calculate the collimator forming the emission device 1 for the laser beam in coordination with the optical parameters of the covering element 4 such that the laser beams S1,…,S n emitted from the emission device are fully collimated. The emission device 1 has a laser source 1.1 and a collimator 1.2 depending on the number of the laser beams S1,…,S n emitted thereby. Herein, the laser source 1.1 is arranged respectively close to the object-side focal point F 1.2 of the respective collimator 1.2, but not precisely within the object-side focal point such that the laser beams S1,…,S n are not fully collimated when leaving the emission device 1.

[0033] Figure 1 Shows a first embodiment of the emission device. The emission device 1 emits exactly one laser beam S1 herein. In Figure 2 the second embodiment illustrated in, the emission device 1 emits two laser beams S1, S2. The emission device 1 can also emit more than two laser beams (S1,…,S n ), and the beam axes (A1,…,A n ) of the laser beams respectively point perpendicular to the surface in the coupling-in region (4.1) and are angled with respect to each other.

[0034] The embodiment of the covering element 4 is the same for both embodiments herein and is a complete hemispherical shell HK such that the coupling-in region 4.1 and the coupling-out region 4.2 of the covering element 4 respectively include segments of this single-centered hemispherical shell HK. Thus, the covering element 4 can be manufactured relatively simply. However, in addition to the coupling-in region 4.1 and the coupling-out region 4.2, the covering element can in principle have any geometric shape.

[0035] If the covering element 4 is configured as a hemispherical shell HK or at least as segments of a hemispherical shell HK in the coupling-in region 4.1 and the coupling-out region 4.2, then with at least one laser beam S1,…,S nThe incident angles α1,…,α1 of the scanning mirror 2 relative to the vertical L of the undeflected scanning mirror 2 are n Completely independently, the beam axes A1,…,A n After reflection on the scanning mirror 2, the scanning mirror 2 is always perpendicular to the cover element 4 regardless of the position of the scanning mirror 2 during the deflection. n The transmitted portion of is not only as large as possible but is also not subject to fluctuations during the deflection of the scanning mirror 2 .

[0036] Advantageously, the hemispherical shell 4.2 with a strong wall thickness is produced, for example, by injection molding. The hemispherical shell also has a significant beam-forming effect due to its wall thickness.

[0037] exist Figure 3 The laser beams S1, ..., S3 for the first and second embodiments of the transmitting device are shown in FIG. n 1 is a simplified, expanded optical diagram of the beam path of FIG. Expanded here means that the beam deflection caused by reflection on the scanning mirror 2 remains unconsidered. The pre-collimated laser beam S3 from the projection device 1 passes twice through the scanning mirror with negative refractive power F HK 、F' HK The hemispherical shell HK is fully collimated. The laser beam S3 is fully collimated by designing the collimator 1.2 so that the laser beam source 1.1 is imaged by the collimator 1.2 in the imaging plane BE, which passes through the object-side focus F of the hemispherical shell HK. HK Extend to the ground.

[0038] exist Figure 4a A schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the launch device is shown in FIG. Figure 4b An enlarged detail of the deflection element 5 is shown in FIG. Figures 5 to 8 , respectively differently designed cover elements 5 are shown for further exemplary embodiments. These exemplary embodiments differ from the two preceding exemplary embodiments in that the emission device 1 emits beams with beam axes A1, . . . , A1 oriented parallel to one another. n At least two laser beams S1,…,S n , and the cover element 4 comprises a deflection element 5 in the coupling-in region 4 . 1 or is designed as a deflection element, by which the at least two laser beams S1 , . . . , S n Deflected to the center point MP.

[0039] according to Figure 4a and Figure 4b The third embodiment and Figure 5In a fourth embodiment, the deflecting element 5 has a flat entry surface 5.13 which is arranged in or parallel to a tangential plane T of the hemispherical shell HK, and has the same number of flat, mutually inclined exit surfaces 5.21, …, 5.2 n such that at least two parallel laser beams S1, …, S n (except for one of the laser beams S1, …, S n ) are deflected onto the center point MP by refraction on the exit surfaces 5.21, …, 5.2 n when vertically oriented with respect to the entry surface 5.13. n Advantageously, the emitting device 1 emits an odd number of laser beams S1, …, S

[0040] as shown in in the fourth embodiment, and the exit surfaces 5.21, …, 5.2 n are arranged in rows, where the middle exit surface of the exit surfaces 5.21, …, 5.2 Figure 5 is arranged parallel to an entry surface 5.13, and the other exit surfaces of the exit surfaces 5.21, …, 5.2 n are arranged symmetrically with respect to the middle exit surface of the exit surfaces 5.21, …, 5.2 n such that two of the other exit surfaces of the exit surfaces 5.21, …, 5.2 n are symmetrically opposed and each form the same angle with the middle exit surface of the exit surfaces 5.21, …, 5.2 n . n In the fifth embodiment shown in n , the difference from the third and fourth embodiments is that a flat entry surface 5.13 is arranged perpendicular to the tangential plane T of the hemispherical shell HK and has a rear surface 5.3 inclined at 45° with respect to the entry surface 5.1, such that at least two laser beams S1, …, S

[0041] are reflected by the rear surface 5.3 when their beam axes A1, …, A Figure 6 are directed perpendicular to the entry surface 5.13, and are deflected onto the center point MP by refraction on the exit surfaces 5.21, …, 5.2 n . n An entry surface 5.13 can also be arranged at another angle between 0° and 90° with respect to the tangential plane T, such that the emitting device 1 can be arranged in terms of its relative position with respect to the scanning mirror 2 according to the given construction degrees of freedom. n

[0042] In

[0043] Figure 7The difference between the sixth embodiment shown and the third to fifth embodiments is that the deflecting element 5 has the same number of entry surfaces 5.11, …, 5.1 as the laser beams S1, …, S emitted by the emitting device 1. n n .

[0044] In Figure 8 the seventh embodiment shown, the difference from the sixth embodiment is that the deflecting element 5 has only one exit surface 5.23.

[0045] The two aforementioned embodiments of the deflecting element 5 are particularly advantageous because the refraction of the laser beams S1, …, S can be distributed over two surfaces. n

[0046] All the aforementioned embodiments of the deflecting element 5 form wedges for the individual laser beams S1, …, S, respectively, which is achieved by arranging the respectively assigned entry surfaces 5.11, …, 5.1 and the respectively assigned exit surfaces 5.21, …, 5.2 inclined to each other. For one of the laser beams S3, the deflecting element can be a flat plate such that the entry surface 5.13 is parallel to the exit surface 5.23. n n n

[0047] In Figure 9 a simplified unfolded optical schematic of the beam paths of the laser beams S1, …, S of the laser beam S3 according to the third to seventh embodiments is shown. Unfolding here means that the beam deflections caused by reflection on the scanning mirror 2 and by refraction and reflection within the deflecting element 5 are not considered. The pre-collimated laser beams S1, …, S from the emitting device 1 are refracted differently depending on their inclination when passing through the deflecting element 5 depending on their beam axes A1, …, A and are thus deflected differently. Of course, in n n n Figure 9 the beam path of the laser beam S3 is shown, for which the deflecting element 5 acts only as a flat plate. The deflecting element 5 does not act as an imaging element, such that the full collimation of the pre-collimated laser beam is carried out by simple imaging through the hemispherical shell HK.

[0048] The full collimation of the laser beam S3 is then achieved by designing the collimator 1.2 such that the laser beam source 1.1 is imaged in the imaging plane BE through the collimator 1.2 and the deflecting element 5, and the imaging plane BE extends through the position of the object-side focus F of the hemispherical shell HK. HK

[0049] The deflecting element 5 can be used as a separately manufactured component within the covering element 4 or is preferably constructed monolithically within the covering element 4.​

[0050] The first and second embodiments belong to the first type of the emission device according to the present invention, wherein the difference from the second type is that the same covering element 4 can be used regardless of the number of laser beams and the angles formed by the laser beams with each other. The third, fourth, and fifth embodiments belong to the second type of the emission device according to the present invention. The difference from the first type is that a commercially available laser diode array can be used for the emission device 1 herein, and all laser diode elements emit in the same direction.

[0051] List of reference numerals

[0052] 1 Emission device

[0053] 1.1 Laser beam source

[0054] 1.2 Collimator

[0055] 2 Scanning mirror

[0056] 3 Housing

[0057] 4 Covering element

[0058] 4.1 (Coupling-in area of the covering element 4)

[0059] 4.2 (Coupling-out area of the covering element 4)

[0060] 5 Deflection element

[0061] 5.11,…,5.1 n (Entry surface of the deflection element 5)

[0062] 5.21,…,5.2 n (Exit surface of the deflection element 5)

[0063] 5.3 (Back surface of the deflection element 5)

[0064] S1,…,S n Laser beam

[0065] A1,…,A n (Of the laser beams S1,…,S n ) Beam axis

[0066] MP (Center point of the scanning mirror 2)

[0067] T Imaginary tangential plane

[0068] L Vertical

[0069] HK Single-centered hemispherical shell

[0070] K (Curvature center point of the single-centered hemispherical shell HK)

[0071] α1,…,α n Angle of incidence

[0072] Deflection angle of β (scanning mirror 2)

[0073] F 1.2 Object-side focus of the collimator

[0074] F’ 1.2 Image-side focus of the collimator

[0075] BE imaging plane

[0076] F HK Object-side focus of the hemispherical shell

[0077] F’ HK Image-side focus of the hemispherical shell

Claims

1. Launch device, the launch device comprising: an emitting device (1), the emitting device emitting at least one laser beam (S1,..., S n ) with a beam axis (A1,..., A n ); and a scanning mirror (2) that can be deflected about its center point (MP), the scanning mirror (2) being arranged in a housing (3) with a transparent covering element (4), wherein, The beam axes (A1, …, A n ) of the at least one laser beam (S1, …, S n ) point to the covering element (4), such that after the at least one laser beam (S1, …, S n ) has passed through the covering element (4) in the coupling-in region (4.1), the at least one laser beam reaches the center point (MP), and the at least one laser beam (S1, …, S n ) passes through the covering element (4) again in the coupling-out region (4.2) after being reflected on the scanning mirror (2), characterized in that The covering element (4) is formed at least within the coupling-out region (4.2) by a segment of a monocentric hemispherical shell (HK), wherein the monocentric hemispherical shell (HK) has a curvature center point (K) and a negative refractive power, the curvature center points of the two surfaces of the hemispherical shell (HK) coincide at the curvature center point, and the covering element (4) is arranged to cover the scanning mirror (2) such that the curvature center point (K) coincides with the center point (MP) of the scanning mirror (2), so that the covering element (4) has the same effect on each laser beam (S1, …, S n ) reflected from the center point (MP) of the scanning mirror (2) into the coupling-out region (4.2), and The at least one laser beam (S1, …, S n ) is pre - collimated in a convergent manner before passing through the covering element (4) within the coupling - in region (4.1) and is fully collimated after passing through the covering element (4) again within the coupling - out region (4.2) in such a way that the laser beam source (1.1) is imaged into an imaging plane (BE) which extends through the object - side focus (F HK ) of the hemispherical shell, wherein, The covering element (4) is formed within the coupling-in region (4.1) by a second segment of the single-centered hemispherical shell (HK) or by a segment of another single-centered hemispherical shell, wherein the curvature center point (K) of the single-centered hemispherical shell (HK) coincides with the curvature center point of the other single-centered hemispherical shell, and wherein in the covering element (4), a deflecting element (5) is arranged or configured within the coupling-in region (4.1), and by means of the deflecting element, the at least one laser beam (S1, …, S n ) is deflected onto the center point (MP), wherein, The emitting device (1) emits at least two laser beams (S1, …, S n ) with beam axes (A1, …, A n ) that are parallel to each other, and the deflecting element (5) has: a flat entry surface (5.13) that is arranged in or parallel to the imaginary tangential plane (T) of the single-centre hemispherical shell (HK); and the same number of mutually inclined flat exit surfaces (5.21, …, 5.2 n ) as the laser beams (S1, …, S n ) emitted by the emitting device (1), such that the at least two laser beams (S1, …, S n ) are respectively deflected onto the centre point (MP) by refraction on the exit surfaces (5.21, …, 5.2 n ) when oriented perpendicular to the entry surface (5.13), or, The emitting device (1) emits at least two laser beams (S1, …, S n ) with beam axes (A1, …, A n ) that are parallel to each other, and the deflecting element (5) has: a flat exit surface (5.23) that is arranged in or parallel to the imaginary tangential plane (T) of the single-centered hemispherical shell (HK), and the same number of mutually inclined flat entrance surfaces (5.11, …, 5.1 n ) as the laser beams (S1, …, S n ) emitted by the emitting device (1), such that when the at least two laser beams (S1, …, S n ) are oriented perpendicular to the exit surface (5.23), they are deflected onto the center point (MP) by refraction on the entrance surfaces (5.11, …, 5.1 n ) and the exit surface (5.23), or, The injection device (1) emits at least two laser beams (S1, …, S n ) with beam axes (A1, …, A n ) that are parallel to each other, and the deflection element (5) has: a flat entry surface (5.13) that is arranged perpendicular to the imaginary tangential plane (T) of the single-centered hemispherical shell (HK); a back surface (5.3); and the same number of mutually inclined flat exit surfaces (5.21, …, 5.2 n ) as the laser beams (S1, …, S n ) emitted by the injection device (1), such that the at least two laser beams (S1, …, S n ) are reflected by the back surface (5.3) when oriented perpendicular to the entry surface (5.13), and are deflected onto the center point (MP) by refraction on the exit surfaces (5.21, …, 5.2 n ).

2. The transmitting device according to claim 1, wherein The covering element (4) is a complete, single-centered hemispherical shell (HK).

3. The transmitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The injection device (1) emits at least two laser beams (S1, …, S n ), and the at least two laser beams have beam axes (A1, …, A n ) that are respectively oriented at an angle to each other, and the beam axes respectively point perpendicular to the surface of the covering element (4) within the coupling-in region (4.1).

4. The transmitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The injection device (1) emits an odd number of laser beams (S1, …, S n ) and the exit surfaces (5.21, …, 5.2 n ) are arranged in a row, wherein the middle exit surface of the exit surfaces (5.21, …, 5.2 n ) is arranged parallel to the entry surface (5.1), and the other exit surfaces of the exit surfaces (5.21, …, 5.2 n ) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the middle exit surface of the exit surfaces (5.21, …, 5.2 n ) such that two of the other exit surfaces of the exit surfaces (5.21, …, 5.2 n ) are symmetrically opposed to each other and each form the same angle with the middle exit surface of the exit surfaces (5.21, …, 5.2 n ).

5. The transmitting device according to claim 1, wherein The deflecting element (5) is constructed in one piece within the covering element (4).

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