A device for measuring flow zone and flow rate in soil

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for measuring a flow zone in soil and a flow rate in soil, comprising a measuring cylinder assembly and a runoff pipe. The measuring cylinder assembly comprises a cylinder body, the cylinder body comprises a plurality of measuring barrel units, a filter barrel is arranged below the cylinder body, and a filter layer is filled inside the filter barrel; an infiltration pipe is arranged outside the filter barrel, and a testing mechanism is arranged between two adjacent measuring barrel units, the testing mechanism comprises an annular weighing sensor sleeved outside the measuring barrel unit, a supporting cylinder sleeved outside the measuring barrel unit, and an annular water collecting trough sleeved outside the measuring barrel unit; the testing mechanism also comprises a plurality of test tube groups installed outside the measuring barrel unit, and the test tube groups comprise a plurality of test tubes symmetrically distributed outside the measuring barrel unit. The device for measuring a flow zone in soil and a flow rate in soil can be used to measure the amount of water in soil formed between different soil layers during rainfall, and to map the range of a flow zone in soil where soil flow is formed between soil layers; the operation is simple and convenient, and the implementation effect is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a device for measuring a flow zone in soil and flow rate in soil, belonging to the technical field of hydrological experimental research. Background Art

[0002] Water flowing laterally on the surface of the soil or the interface within the stratified soil layer is also called surface flow. It is a component of runoff. It mainly occurs at the discontinuous interface of different layers of soil or organic matter. The soil layer below the interface is a relatively impermeable layer with poor permeability. The infiltration water flow is blocked and accumulated on the discontinuous interface, forming a temporary saturated zone and causing soil flow. The influencing factors include the physical properties, layers and thickness of the soil.

[0003] At present, the soil flow is measured by using a measuring bucket, which can be used to measure the soil flow of the soil inside the measuring bucket, but the height of the soil flow zone (the area where the soil flow is formed) cannot be measured. Therefore, a device for measuring the soil flow zone is urgently needed for use in the field of hydrological experimental research. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a device for measuring the flow zone and flow rate in soil. The specific technical scheme is as follows:

[0005] A device for measuring flow zones and flow rates in soil, comprising a measuring cylinder assembly and a runoff pipe, wherein the measuring cylinder assembly comprises a cylinder body, the tail end of the runoff pipe is connected to the upper end of the cylinder body, the cylinder body comprises a plurality of measuring barrel units, two adjacent measuring barrel units are connected to each other, a filter barrel is arranged below the cylinder body, the upper end of the filter barrel is connected to the lower end of the cylinder body, and the interior of the filter barrel is filled with a filter layer; an infiltration pipe is arranged outside the filter barrel, and the tail end of the infiltration pipe is connected to the inner cavity of the filter barrel; a testing mechanism is arranged between the two adjacent measuring barrel units, and the testing mechanism comprises a An annular weighing sensor, a support tube mounted on the outside of a measuring barrel unit, and an annular water collecting trough mounted on the outside of the measuring barrel unit, wherein the lower end of the support tube is mounted on the sensing end of the weighing sensor, and the upper end of the support tube is fixedly connected to the bottom of the water collecting trough; the testing mechanism also includes a plurality of test tube groups mounted on the outside of the measuring barrel unit, wherein the test tube group includes a plurality of test tubes symmetrically distributed on the outside of the measuring barrel unit, wherein the test tube includes a tube body mounted on the outside of the measuring barrel unit, wherein the tail end of the tube body is connected to the inner cavity of the measuring barrel unit, and a tubular moisture testing layer is mounted on the head end of the tube body, and the moisture testing layers are all arranged inside the water collecting trough.

[0006] As an improvement of the above technical solution, the testing mechanism also includes a ferrule for fixing all test tubes, the ferrule is provided with a mounting hole adapted to the moisture testing layer, the moisture testing layer is arranged inside the mounting hole, and there is an interference fit between the moisture testing layer and the mounting hole.

[0007] As an improvement of the above technical solution, an annular waterproof outer eaves is installed at the tail end of the moisture testing layer, and the waterproof outer eaves is a hollow frustum structure.

[0008] As an improvement of the above technical solution, the water collecting tank includes a cylindrical outer shell, a cylindrical inner shell, and a shell located between the outer shell and the inner shell. The height of the upper end of the inner shell is smaller than the height of the upper end of the outer shell, and a gap is provided between the inner wall of the inner shell and the outer wall of the measuring barrel unit.

[0009] As an improvement of the above technical solution, a first flow meter for measuring the flow rate inside the infiltration pipe is installed at the infiltration pipe, and a second flow meter for measuring the flow rate inside the runoff pipe is installed at the runoff pipe.

[0010] The device for measuring the mid-soil flow zone and mid-soil flow rate of the present invention can be used to measure the amount of mid-soil flow formed between different soil layers during rainfall, and to map the range of the mid-soil flow zone where mid-soil flow is formed between soil layers; the operation is simple and convenient, and the implementation effect is good. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the device for measuring the flow zone and flow rate in soil according to the present invention;

[0012] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the test tube set of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the testing mechanism of the present invention (top view);

[0014] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test tube of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0016] like Figure 1-4As shown, the device for measuring the flow zone and flow rate in the soil comprises a measuring cylinder assembly and a runoff pipe 14 for supplying water to the measuring cylinder assembly. The measuring cylinder assembly comprises a cylinder body, the tail end of the runoff pipe 14 is connected to the upper end of the cylinder body, the cylinder body comprises a plurality of measuring barrel units 1, and two adjacent measuring barrel units 1 are connected to each other. A filter barrel 15 is arranged below the cylinder body, the upper end of the filter barrel 15 is connected to the lower end of the cylinder body, and the interior of the filter barrel 15 is filled with a filter layer 12; an infiltration pipe 13 is arranged outside the filter barrel 15, and the tail end of the infiltration pipe 13 is connected to the inner cavity of the filter barrel 15; an annular test mechanism is arranged between the two adjacent measuring barrel units 1, and the test mechanism comprises a filter arranged on the measuring barrel unit 1. An external annular weighing sensor 3, a support tube 4 sleeved on the outside of the measuring barrel unit 1, and an annular water collecting trough 32 sleeved on the outside of the measuring barrel unit 1, the lower end of the support tube 4 is installed on the sensing end of the weighing sensor 3, and the upper end of the support tube 4 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the water collecting trough 32; the testing mechanism also includes a plurality of test tube groups installed on the outside of the measuring barrel unit 1, the test tube group includes a plurality of test tubes symmetrically distributed on the outside of the measuring barrel unit 1, the test tube includes a tube body 11 installed on the outside of the measuring barrel unit 1 for collecting soil flow, the tail end of the tube body 11 is connected to the inner cavity of the measuring barrel unit 1, and the head end of the tube body 11 is installed with a tubular moisture testing layer 22, and the moisture testing layer 22 is arranged inside the water collecting trough 32.

[0017] The weighing sensor 3 may be a VC-type annular weighing sensor manufactured by Shenzhen West Sensor and Control Co., Ltd. The weighing sensor, in combination with a VC-P-type display, can display the weight measured by the sensing end of the weighing sensor 3. The bottom of the weighing sensor 3 may be fixed to an external column by a connecting rod, or the inner ring of the weighing sensor 3 may be fixedly connected to the measuring barrel unit 1; the weighing sensor 3 is used to measure the amount of water flowing into the water collecting tank 32.

[0018] The moisture testing layer 22 is made by rolling a moisture testing paper into a cylindrical shape and then bonding it, preferably using transparent adhesive tape for bonding; the moisture testing paper can be the immersion type moisture testing paper of Wuxi Lierjie Biotechnology Co., Ltd., which will change color when soaked in water.

[0019] The filter layer 12 inside the filter barrel 15 is filled with fine sand. The filter barrel unit 1 is a filter barrel filled with soil.

[0020] The testing mechanism also includes a ferrule 21 for fixing all the test tubes, the ferrule 21 is provided with a mounting hole adapted to the moisture testing layer 22, the moisture testing layer 22 is arranged inside the mounting hole, and there is an interference fit between the moisture testing layer 22 and the mounting hole. The ferrule 21 can be made of a waterproof rubber material, has elasticity, and can include and cover the test tube, thereby playing a sealing role.

[0021] In this embodiment, three measuring barrel units 1 are provided, and two adjacent measuring barrel units 1 above and below are connected to each other. Figure 1 As shown. The interior of the measuring barrel unit 1 is filled with a corresponding soil layer 10; the structure of the soil layer 10 inside different measuring barrel units 1 can be designed to be the same or different according to the experimental requirements. There are two test mechanisms in this embodiment. For the convenience of explanation, the three measuring barrel units 1 are marked as the first measuring barrel unit 1, the second measuring barrel unit 1, and the third measuring barrel unit 1 from top to bottom. The test mechanism between the first measuring barrel unit 1 and the second measuring barrel unit 1 is provided with evenly distributed test tubes 20 cm above and below the junction of the two measuring barrel units 1, and the test tubes are used to collect soil flow.

[0022] Furthermore, an annular waterproof outer eave 23 is installed at the tail end of the moisture testing layer 22, and the waterproof outer eave 23 is a hollow truncated cone structure. The conical surface structure outside the waterproof outer eave 23 has a drainage function, and the water falling on the waterproof outer eave 23 can flow down to a place away from the moisture testing layer 22 under the guidance of the conical surface, thereby preventing the water flowing down from the upper moisture testing layer 22 from interfering with the test results of the lower moisture testing layer 22.

[0023] Furthermore, the water collecting tank 32 includes a cylindrical outer shell, a cylindrical inner shell, and a shell body located between the outer shell and the inner shell, the height of the upper end of the inner shell is less than the height of the upper end of the outer shell, and a gap is provided between the inner wall of the inner shell and the outer wall of the measuring barrel unit 1. In the test mechanism corresponding to the water collecting tank 32, all the test tubes are located inside the inner shell; the water collecting tank 32 of this structure is convenient for collecting water flowing out of the test tubes.

[0024] Furthermore, the infiltration pipe 13 is provided with a first flowmeter 131 for measuring the flow inside the infiltration pipe 13, and the runoff pipe 14 is provided with a second flowmeter 141 for measuring the flow inside the runoff pipe 14. The first flowmeter 131 and the second flowmeter 141 can be LU flowmeters manufactured by Nanjing Saiyatefu Precision Instrument Co., Ltd.

[0025] The working principle of the device for measuring the flow zone and flow rate in soil is as follows:

[0026] First, during a rainfall process, rainwater is discharged into the cylinder through the runoff pipe 14, and the second flow meter 141 records the runoff flow.

[0027] When rainwater passes through the soil layer interface inside different measuring barrel units 1, the formed soil flow is discharged through the pipe body 11, and the soil flow contacts the moisture test layer 22, and the moisture test layer 22 changes color; in areas without soil flow, the corresponding moisture test layer 22 does not change color. By setting up several groups of test tube groups in a designated area and setting up several test tubes in a single test tube group, the distance of the soil flow formed at the interface between the soil layers can be determined from the color change height of the moisture test layer 22.

[0028] The soil flow discharged from the moisture testing layer 22 passes through the drainage of the waterproof outer eaves 23 and finally flows into the water collection tank 32. The soil flow volume is measured and calculated by the weighing sensor 3. The rainwater further infiltrates and is discharged through the infiltration pipe 13. The first flowmeter 131 records the infiltration flow.

[0029] In the above embodiment, the device for measuring the flow belt in the soil and the flow rate in the soil can measure the height of the flow belt in the soil, the flow rate in the soil, the infiltration flow rate and other parameters, and can also be used to measure the above parameters at the interface of different soil types, and the measuring method is simple and convenient; after one test, the moisture test layer 22 can be disassembled and replaced, and the operation is convenient. The device for measuring the flow belt in the soil and the flow rate in the soil can be used to measure the amount of soil flow formed between different soil layers during rainfall, and to map the range of the flow belt in the soil where the soil flow is formed between soil layers; the measurement accuracy of the height of the flow belt in the soil depends on the spacing between the upper and lower test tube groups; the test tubes located on the same horizontal plane are symmetrically distributed to form a test tube group, which is conducive to cross-validation, thereby reducing measurement errors; at the same time, the width of the flow belt in the soil can be determined according to how many discolored moisture test layers 22 exist in the test tube group, and finally the range of the flow belt in the soil can be determined according to the height and width of the flow belt in the soil.

[0030] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for measuring flow zones and flow rates in soil, characterized in that: The invention comprises a measuring barrel assembly and a flow tube (14), wherein the measuring barrel assembly comprises a barrel body, the tail end of the flow tube (14) is connected to the upper end of the barrel body, the barrel body comprises a plurality of measuring barrel units (1), two upper and lower adjacent measuring barrel units (1) are connected to each other, a filter barrel (15) is arranged below the barrel body, the upper end of the filter barrel (15) is connected to the lower end of the barrel body, and the interior of the filter barrel (15) is filled with a filter layer (12); an infiltration tube (13) is arranged outside the filter barrel (15), and the tail end of the infiltration tube (13) is connected to the inner cavity of the filter barrel (15); a testing mechanism is arranged between the upper and lower adjacent measuring barrel units (1), and the testing mechanism comprises an annular weighing sensor (3) sleeved on the outside of the measuring barrel unit (1), and a measuring layer (12) sleeved on the measuring barrel unit (1). A support tube (4) outside the barrel unit (1) and an annular water collecting groove (32) sleeved on the outside of the measuring barrel unit (1), the lower end of the support tube (4) being mounted on the sensing end of the weighing sensor (3), and the upper end of the support tube (4) being fixedly connected to the bottom of the water collecting groove (32); the testing mechanism also includes a plurality of test tube groups mounted on the outside of the measuring barrel unit (1), the test tube group including a plurality of test tubes symmetrically distributed on the outside of the measuring barrel unit (1), the test tube including a tube body (11) mounted on the outside of the measuring barrel unit (1), the tail end of the tube body (11) being connected to the inner cavity of the measuring barrel unit (1), the head end of the tube body (11) being mounted with a tubular moisture test layer (22), and the moisture test layer (22) being arranged inside the water collecting groove (32); The testing mechanism further comprises a ferrule (21) for fixing all the test tubes, the ferrule (21) being provided with a mounting hole adapted to the moisture testing layer (22), the moisture testing layer (22) being arranged inside the mounting hole, and an interference fit being formed between the moisture testing layer (22) and the mounting hole; The water collecting tank (32) comprises a cylindrical outer shell, a cylindrical inner shell, and a shell body located between the outer shell and the inner shell, the height of the upper end of the inner shell is smaller than the height of the upper end of the outer shell, and a gap is provided between the inner wall of the inner shell and the outer wall of the measuring barrel unit (1).

2. The device for measuring flow zones and flow rates in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: An annular waterproof outer eave (23) is installed at the tail end of the moisture testing layer (22), and the waterproof outer eave (23) is a hollow truncated cone structure.

3. The device for measuring flow zones and flow rates in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The infiltration pipe (13) is provided with a first flow meter (131) for measuring the internal flow of the infiltration pipe (13), and the runoff pipe (14) is provided with a second flow meter (141) for measuring the internal flow of the runoff pipe (14).

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