A vacuum switch device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a vacuum switch device, comprising a vacuum housing, in which a switch unit is disposed. The switch unit comprises a bracket, a moving electrode, a stationary electrode, a transmission device, and a main shaft. An inlet and an outlet are fixedly disposed at each end of the vacuum housing. The main shaft is rotatably mounted on the vacuum housing through a bearing seal and is connected to an operating mechanism outside the housing. The stationary electrode is fixedly connected to the inlet. The present invention utilizes a vacuum housing, and the main shaft, through a transmission device, realizes the opening and closing of the moving and stationary contacts, thereby forming an open vacuum switch tube. The bellows, a seal prone to air leakage, is eliminated, transforming the small vacuum environment within the switch tube into a large vacuum environment within the entire switch housing. Vacuum medium is used for both arc extinguishing and insulation, increasing the distance between the switch breaks. No solid insulating components are used to connect the moving and stationary electrodes, resulting in no leakage current or induced voltage between the breaks, greatly improving insulation and safety requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power switchgear, and in particular to a vacuum switchgear. Background Art

[0002] At present, the existing vacuum switchgear mainly includes switchgear such as circuit breakers and load switches and their combined switchgear or complete switchgear. Vacuum switchgear such as vacuum circuit breakers and load switches use vacuum switch tubes to close and open circuits. The switch tube is a sealed tube with a vacuum state inside and has good arc extinguishing performance. However, the opening distance of the switch tube is relatively small, and there is an induced voltage between the breaks. The dynamic and static electrodes are connected with porcelain bushings, which are solid insulating materials. There is leakage current between the breaks, which does not meet the safety distance required for circuit isolation. Therefore, it cannot be used as an isolating switch. In order to use it, an isolating switch must be connected in series to form a double-break combination switch to meet the circuit breaking and safe isolation. Since the opening distance of the existing vacuum switch is relatively small, it is easy to reignite when switching capacitor banks, causing accidents. The specific reasons are as follows:

[0003] In order to meet the movement of the moving contact and ensure the sealing of the vacuum switch tube, a bellows is often used as a seal. However, in actual applications, since the bellows is relatively thin, only 0.1 to 0.2 mm thick, it is easy to twist the bellows during assembly, causing the switch tube to leak and become scrapped. In addition, the risk of leakage after frequent operation is relatively high, and the mechanical life is greatly limited. In addition, the existing primary and secondary fusion switch equipment requires that the vacuum circuit breaker must have a built-in disconnector and that the circuit breaker and disconnector are linked. Due to the limited internal space of the vacuum circuit breaker, it cannot have a built-in disconnector. Moreover, since the circuit breaker and disconnector are two different switches, they are driven by independent operating mechanisms respectively. The operation of the circuit breaker and disconnector requires a sequence and time difference, so it is difficult for one operating mechanism to drive two switches, and it is difficult for the two to be linked. Furthermore, the tube wall of the existing vacuum switch tube is mostly a porcelain tube, which cannot be installed on the porcelain tube. Installing monitoring components will destroy the seal of the switch tube even if holes are drilled. Moreover, the internal area is a high-voltage area and the space is limited. Therefore, it is impossible to install pressure gauges and sensors on the existing vacuum switch tube, and online monitoring of the vacuum degree is difficult to achieve. Finally, the complete switchgear requires the combination of vacuum switch devices such as circuit breakers and load switches with disconnectors and earthing switches. The switch combination is relatively large and requires more than two operating mechanisms for operation. To prevent misoperation, an interlocking device is required, which is cumbersome to operate. Disconnectors and earthing switches are basically manually operated, which is not conducive to the rapid location of distribution network automation faults and the rapid restoration of power supply, and is not conducive to the development of intelligent power switchgear and the power Internet of Things. The materials used for the insulation of existing switches have relatively good insulation properties, such as SF6 and other insulating gases. Most of them have serious environmental hazards, while those with less environmental hazards have relatively poor insulation properties. Therefore, the existing vacuum switch devices cannot meet actual needs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vacuum switch device that can ensure the safety requirements of the switch while making the switch structure simpler, more convenient, safer, and easier to monitor, and at the same time the device itself will not cause pollution to the environment.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

[0006] A vacuum switch device comprises a vacuum box, an inlet terminal and an outlet terminal, wherein a switch unit is arranged in the vacuum box, wherein the switch unit comprises a bracket, a moving electrode, a static electrode, a transmission device and a main shaft, wherein the main shaft is rotatably arranged on the vacuum box through a bearing seal and is connected to an operating mechanism outside the box; the static electrode is fixedly connected to the inlet terminal, and the other end of the moving electrode is flexibly connected to the outlet terminal; the transmission device comprises an insulating pull rod, a first crank arm and a second crank arm, wherein the top end of the first crank arm is provided with a first pin hole for connecting to an axis pin at one end of the insulating pull rod, the other end of the insulating pull rod is connected to a pin shaft at one end of the second crank arm, and the other end of the second crank arm is fixedly connected to the main shaft, a second pin hole is provided in the middle of the first crank arm for connecting to the bracket pin shaft, and a third pin hole is provided at the bottom end of the first crank arm for connecting to the moving electrode pin shaft.

[0007] It also includes an insulating tube. One end of the insulating tube 14 is fixedly connected to the incoming line terminal 2, and the other end is empty and not connected, and is spaced apart from one end of the moving electrode.

[0008] It also includes a shielding cover, which is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the insulating cylinder.

[0009] It also includes a guide device, which includes a guide sleeve and a guide rod. One end of the guide rod is slidably connected in the outlet end, and the other end is fixedly connected to the other end of the moving electrode. The guide sleeve is fixedly set on the bracket, and the other end of the guide rod is set in the guide sleeve.

[0010] It also includes a grounding contact 14 and a grounding bar 15. The grounding contact is fixedly arranged at one end of the guide rod, and the grounding bar is fixedly arranged at one side of the vacuum box. The grounding bar and the grounding contact are configured to open and close, and the grounding contact is softly connected to the moving contact through a wire.

[0011] The bottom end of the crank arm is connected to the guide rod pin.

[0012] The second pin hole is an elongated hole.

[0013] There are multiple switch units, and the multiple switch units are arranged in parallel.

[0014] It also includes intelligent monitoring components, which are respectively fixed on the inner wall of the vacuum box.

[0015] The intelligent monitoring components include a barometer, an air pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a current sensor and a camera, wherein the voltage sensor is electrically connected to the guide sleeve bracket through a soft wire.

[0016] The present invention adopts a vacuum box, and a main shaft is arranged on the vacuum box. The main shaft realizes the opening and closing of the moving and static contacts through a transmission device, thereby forming an open vacuum switch tube, eliminating the bellows, a sealing component that is prone to air leakage, and transforming the small vacuum environment in the switch tube into a large vacuum environment inside the entire switch box, so that the switch tube and the vacuum environment in the switch box are integrated. The switch arc extinguishing and insulation are all made of vacuum medium, which increases the switch break distance. There is no solid insulating component between the moving and static electrodes, and there is no leakage current and induced voltage between the breaks, which meets the reliability requirements of circuit closing and breaking and safe isolation. In addition, it can also realize vacuum isolating switches, vacuum isolating circuit breakers, vacuum isolating load switches, vacuum isolating reclosers, vacuum isolating sectioners, vacuum isolating boundary switches, vacuum isolating contactors, three-position (closing, isolating, grounding) vacuum switches and other types of switch equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the incoming line cabinet according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the outlet cabinet described in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention includes a vacuum box 1, in which a switch unit is arranged, the switch unit includes a bracket 7, a moving electrode 4, a static electrode 3, a transmission device and a main shaft 12, the two ends of the vacuum box 1 are respectively fixed with an input terminal 2 and an output terminal 8, and the main shaft 12 is rotatably arranged on the vacuum box 1 through a bearing seal; the static electrode 3 is fixedly connected to the input terminal 2, and the other end of the moving electrode 4 is softly connected to the output terminal 8; the transmission device includes an insulating rod 11, a first crank arm 10 and a second crank arm 17, the top of the first crank arm 10 is provided with a first pin hole for connecting to an axis pin at one end of the insulating rod 11, the other end of the insulating rod 11 is pin-connected to one end of the second crank arm 17, and the other end of the second crank arm 17 is fixedly connected to the main shaft 12, the middle of the first crank arm 10 is provided with a second pin hole for pin-connecting to the bracket 7, and the bottom end of the first crank arm 10 is provided with a third pin hole for pin-connecting to the guide rod 9.

[0023] The device further includes an insulating tube 14, one end of which is fixedly connected to the incoming line terminal 2 and the other end of which is suspended from one end of the moving electrode 4, with the insulating tube and the moving electrode spaced apart. A shielding cover 13 is also included, which is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the insulating tube 14. Since the outer tube wall of the shielding cover 13 of the present invention is not enclosed, in the absence of the shielding cover 13, if the space within the vacuum chamber 1 is sufficient to meet arc extinguishing requirements and safety and insulation requirements, the insulating tube and shielding cover can be omitted. Conversely, if these requirements cannot be met, the insulating tube and shielding cover can be used to meet safety and insulation requirements. Furthermore, the insulating tube can be integrated with the insulating sleeve of the incoming line terminal 2, which can reduce the overall volume of the device, making it even smaller while meeting insulation requirements.

[0024] The device also includes a guide device comprising a guide sleeve 5 and a guide rod 9. One end of the guide rod 9 is connected to the outlet terminal 8, and the other end is fixedly connected to the other end of the movable electrode 4. The guide sleeve is fixedly mounted on the bracket 7, and the other end of the guide rod 9 is disposed within the guide sleeve 5. The bottom end of the first crank arm 10 is pin-connected to the guide rod 9. The guide device enables horizontal movement of the movable electrode, preventing uneven gaps between the movable electrode and the static electrode during contact and separation. The second pin hole is an elongated hole. There are multiple switch units, which are arranged in parallel. The present invention utilizes the elongated hole in the guide device and the pin connection to ensure that when the crank arm rotates, the vertical displacement of the guide rod is eliminated when the guide rod or the movable electrode moves. This ensures that the movable electrode maintains a stable, linear travel during movement, and the contact surfaces of the movable and static electrodes remain parallel. This prevents partial contact when the movable and static electrodes are closed, uneven gaps when they are open, and uneven distribution of electric field strength, thereby avoiding the generation of unnecessary arc sparks. The guide device is set to enable the movable electrode to move horizontally under the action of the transmission device without tilting, and the guide sleeve and guide rod can be increased or decreased according to actual needs to make the overall structure more compact while ensuring safety and insulation.

[0025] There are multiple switch units, and the multiple switch units are arranged in parallel. The figure shows a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present application. In actual use, three switch units are mostly arranged in parallel, which correspond to three-phase power supplies respectively, and the three switch units share a vacuum box, so that the safety of the entire equipment can meet the requirements while being more compact.

[0026] The switch utilizes an open-type vacuum switching tube, transforming the small vacuum inside the switching tube into a larger vacuum within the entire switch housing. This allows the vacuum inside the switching tube to merge with the vacuum inside the switch housing, eliminating the bellows, a dynamic seal prone to air leakage. The switch tube guide is separated from the switching tube, and the guide rod connecting the switching tube's moving electrode passes through the separated guide to open and close relative to the stationary electrode. Because there's no switching tube to seal the connection between the moving and stationary electrodes of the vacuum switching tube inside the switch, and without the constraints of the switching tube wall or bellows, the switch's break distance can be adjusted to meet safety distance and insulation requirements, allowing it to also function as a vacuum isolating switch.

[0027] The vacuum switchgear of the present invention provides dual switching functions within a single switch port and can be used in switchgear such as vacuum circuit breakers, vacuum load switches, vacuum reclosers, vacuum sectionalizers, vacuum boundary switches, and vacuum contactors. This device simplifies the switch by combining two functions into one, requiring only a single operating mechanism and eliminating the need for a mechanical interlock. The switch is compact, simple in structure, and easy to operate, eliminating the possibility of accidental operation.

[0028] The inlet terminal 2 and the outlet terminal 8 of the present invention are respectively fixed inside the box 1, the static electrode 3 is fixedly connected to the inlet terminal 2, the insulating cylinder 14 is fixed outside the static electrode 3, the shielding cover 13 is installed inside the insulating cylinder 14, the end contact portion of the movable electrode 4 is placed inside the shielding cover 13, the conductive rod portion of the movable electrode 4 passes through the guide device 5, the end face of the conductive rod of the movable electrode 4 is fixedly connected to the soft connection 6, one end of the guide rod 9 is connected to the conductive rod portion of the movable electrode 4, and the other end passes through the guide device 5 and the bracket 7 and extends into the guide hole of the outlet terminal 8, the middle hole of the crank arm 10 is connected to the shaft pin on the bracket 7, the crank arm 10 can rotate, one end of the crank arm 10 is connected to the guide rod 9, and the other end It is connected to the insulating pull rod 11, the soft connection 6 is connected to the conductive part of the outlet terminal 8, the main shaft 12 rotates, pushing the insulating pull rod 11 to rotate the crank arm 10, and the crank arm 10 drives the guide rod 9 and the movable electrode 4 to move linearly, realizing the opening and closing operation of the vacuum switch device. The switch box 1 is a sealed box with a vacuum inside. The arc formed by the switch opening is extinguished in the shielding cover 13 when the circuit passes through zero. After the static electrode 3 and the movable electrode 4 are opened, a safe and reliable isolation fracture is formed. One switch can complete the arc extinguishing and safety isolation functions, realizing the combination of switch equipment such as circuit breakers or load switches and isolating switches, and the multi-functional switch equipment structure is integrated.

[0029] In Example 1, since one vacuum breaker can meet the requirements of arc extinguishing and safety isolation of the switch, the present invention can be used in a vacuum complete switchgear. When in use, one vacuum switch device can have the functions of a complete switchgear. The incoming line cabinet can use a vacuum isolating circuit breaker or a vacuum isolating load switch without a grounding switch, and the outgoing line cabinet can use a vacuum isolating circuit breaker with a grounding switch. Regardless of whether it is with a grounding switch or not, only one switch and one operating mechanism are needed to realize the functions of all switches in the complete switchgear.

[0030] When there is a grounding switch, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, based on the vacuum switchgear, a grounding contact 14 and a grounding bar 15 are additionally provided. The grounding contact is fixedly mounted at one end of the guide rod, and the grounding bar is fixedly mounted on one side of the vacuum box. The grounding bar and the grounding contact are configured to open and close, and the grounding contact is softly connected to the moving contact via a wire. When the main switch of the outgoing cabinet is opened, the movable electrode 4 of the isolating circuit breaker is separated from the static electrode 3, the grounding switch is linked to the main switch, the grounding contact 14 and the grounding bar 15 are pressed together, and the grounding switch is closed. When the main switch of the outgoing cabinet is closed, the movable electrode 4 of the isolating circuit breaker is pressed together with the static electrode 3, the grounding switch is linked to the main switch, the grounding contact 14 and the grounding bar 15 are separated, and the grounding switch is opened. Only one operating mechanism is required to drive one switch to realize the circuit closing and opening functions of the complete switchgear. The incoming cabinet can be equipped with no grounding switch, and the implementation method is the same as above.

[0031] The present invention has a structural breaking performance and a safety isolation fracture after breaking, and will not cause the phenomenon of reignition after breaking, and is particularly suitable for use as a switch for switching capacitor groups. In addition, the switch eliminates the sealed vacuum switch tube, and does not require a bellows, a seal that is prone to air leakage. There is no leakage problem and mechanical life problem of the switch tube, which completely solves a major technical problem of the vacuum switch device. Furthermore, by setting a vacuum fracture, the requirements of arc extinguishing and safe isolation of the switch can be met, and the technical problems such as the inability of the primary and secondary fusion switch equipment of the vacuum circuit breaker to have a built-in isolating switch, and the inability of the circuit breaker and the isolating switch to be linked are solved. At the same time, one switch fracture has two types of switching functions, simplifying the switch and combining the two into one. Only one operating mechanism is required, and no mechanical interlocking device is required. The switch is small in size, simple in structure, and easy to operate, and the switch can be fully electric operated, which is conducive to the rapid location of power line faults and the rapid restoration of power supply, and is conducive to the development of intelligent power switch equipment and distribution network automation.

[0032] Finally, the present invention can be equipped with current transformers or electronic sensors, barometers, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, voltage sensors, cameras, and other components based on actual needs. The intelligent monitoring device includes a barometer, pressure sensor, temperature sensor, current sensor, and camera. The voltage sensor is connected to the moving electrode via a flexible connector. In actual applications, since the guide sleeve bracket is also conductive, it can also be fixedly connected to the guide sleeve bracket. The voltage sensor is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the vacuum chamber. This allows the device to monitor the switch status, such as switch voltage, current, vacuum level, and contact temperature, in real time, realizing intelligent switchgear and promoting the development of the power Internet of Things.

[0033] Since the vacuum box of this application is made of stainless steel metal material and is a large vacuum integrated box with a large space, the monitoring components can be installed inside the switch box. The internal space of the switch box is much larger than that of the switch tube, and the installation position of the monitoring components has a sufficient safety distance from the high-voltage live body. Furthermore, this application adopts vacuum arc extinguishing and insulation, which has good arc extinguishing and insulation performance, and is energy-saving, emission-reducing, low-carbon and environmentally friendly. It will make an indelible and outstanding contribution to improving our living environment and sustainable social development.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that for directional words, such as the terms "center", "horizontal", "vertical",

[0035] The directions, lengths, widths, thicknesses, up, down, front, back, left, right, vertical, horizontal, top, bottom, inside, outside, clockwise, and counterclockwise, etc., indicating directions and positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction, and should not be understood as limiting the specific scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of this application are used to refer to

[0037] The terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or that are inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0038] Note that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and the principles of the technology used. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and that various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention is described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein. Without departing from the concept of the present invention, it may also include many other effective embodiments, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A vacuum switchgear, characterized in that: It includes a vacuum box, an inlet terminal and an outlet terminal. A switch unit is arranged in the vacuum box. The switch unit includes a bracket, a moving electrode, a static electrode, a transmission device and a main shaft. The main shaft is rotatably arranged on the vacuum box through a bearing seal and is connected to an operating mechanism outside the box; the static electrode is fixedly connected to the inlet terminal, and the other end of the moving electrode is softly connected to the outlet terminal; the transmission device includes an insulating pull rod, a first crank arm and a second crank arm. The top of the first crank arm is provided with a first pin hole for connecting with an end pin of the insulating pull rod, and the other end of the insulating pull rod is connected to a pin shaft at one end of the second crank arm. The other end is fixedly connected to the main shaft, and a second pin hole is provided in the middle of the first crank arm for connecting to the bracket pin shaft, and a third pin hole is provided at the bottom end of the first crank arm for connecting to the moving electrode pin shaft; it also includes an insulating cylinder, one end of the insulating cylinder is fixedly connected to the incoming end, and the other end is empty and not connected, and is spaced apart from one end of the moving electrode; it also includes a guide device, and the guide device includes a guide sleeve and a guide rod, one end of the guide rod is slidably connected in the outgoing end, and the other end is fixedly connected to the other end of the moving electrode, the guide sleeve is fixedly set on the bracket, and the other end of the guide rod is set in the guide sleeve.

2. The vacuum switchgear according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a shielding cover, which is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the insulating cylinder.

3. The vacuum switchgear according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a grounding contact and a grounding bar. The grounding contact is fixedly arranged at one end of the guide rod, and the grounding bar is fixedly arranged on one side of the vacuum box. The grounding bar and the grounding contact are configured to open and close, and the grounding contact is softly connected to the moving contact through a wire.

4. The vacuum switchgear according to claim 1, wherein: The bottom end of the crank arm is connected to the guide rod pin.

5. The vacuum switchgear according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second pin hole is an elongated hole.

6. The vacuum switchgear according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: There are multiple switch units, and the multiple switch units are arranged in parallel.

7. The vacuum switchgear according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also includes intelligent monitoring components, which are respectively fixed on the inner wall of the vacuum box.

8. The vacuum switchgear according to claim 7, characterized in that: The intelligent monitoring components include a barometer, an air pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a current sensor and a camera, wherein the voltage sensor is electrically connected to the guide sleeve bracket through a soft wire.

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