Accumulator vertical balanced oil and gas suspension

Abstract

The present invention discloses an accumulator vertical balanced oil-gas suspension, which belongs to the technical field of hydraulic machinery. The suspension includes a front oil-gas spring, a front balancing pipeline, a rear oil-gas spring, a rear balancing pipeline, an accumulator and a pipeline joint; the main oil chamber oil port of the front oil-gas spring is connected to one end of the front balancing pipeline, and the other end of the front balancing pipeline is connected to the first oil inlet of the accumulator through a pipeline joint; the main oil chamber oil port of the rear oil-gas spring is connected to one end of the rear balancing pipeline, and the other end of the rear balancing pipeline is also connected to the second oil inlet of the accumulator through a pipeline joint to form a balanced suspension. By connecting the oil chambers of the front and rear wheel oil-gas springs and externally placing an accumulator, a significant reduction in the impact load of a single wheel and a significant improvement in the ground contact ability of the tire can be achieved, which has broad application prospects in the fields of mining machinery and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a vertical balanced oil-gas suspension of an accumulator, belonging to the technical field of hydraulic machinery. Background Art

[0002] The oil-gas suspension is mainly composed of oil-gas springs, which integrate elastic and damping elements. At the same time, the cylinder has a certain guiding function, and the required vehicle body layout space is small. With its superior nonlinear elastic characteristics and good vibration reduction performance, it can meet the requirements of the smoothness of engineering vehicles to the greatest extent. From the overall structure, the oil-gas suspension system currently used in engineering vehicles mainly has two types: independent and interconnected; from the form of oil-gas springs, it is divided into single-chamber oil-gas separation, double-chamber oil-gas separation, multi-stage pressure and oil-gas mixed. Compared with other suspension systems, oil-gas suspension has typical nonlinear variable stiffness and gradual increase. When the vehicle is driving on a flat road, the suspension travel is small, and the stiffness generated by the elastic medium under instantaneous pressure is also small, which can meet the requirements of smoothness; when the vehicle is driving on undulating ground, the elastic force changes nonlinearly and the stiffness increases, which can absorb more impact energy, give play to the characteristics of large energy storage ratio per unit mass of gas, and effectively play a buffering role, avoiding the direct transmission of ground excitation to the vehicle body and the occurrence of "suspension breakdown", thereby increasing the off-road speed of the vehicle and improving maneuverability.

[0003] At present, most of the domestic mining vehicles adopt 6X4 drive mode. The two rear axles are relatively close to each other and are mainly used to bear the weight of goods. Most of the existing technologies adopt the structure of leaf springs, and the function of balanced suspension is realized through structural parts. That is, the bearing capacity of the two axles compensates each other, effectively suppressing the ultimate impact load of a single axle and avoiding damage to the axle. However, the mechanical balanced suspension structure is complex and the main structure is heavy. Practice has proved that the average service life of leaf springs when subjected to heavy loads for a long time is only 3 months, which greatly increases the maintenance cost and becomes the main problem and technical shortcoming of mining vehicles. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides an accumulator vertical balanced oil-gas suspension, which can achieve a significant reduction in single-wheel impact load and a significant improvement in tire ground contact ability by connecting the front and rear wheel oil-gas spring oil chambers and externally placing an accumulator. It has broad application prospects in the fields of mining machinery and so on.

[0005] An accumulator vertical balanced oil-gas suspension comprises a front oil-gas spring, a front balancing pipeline, a rear oil-gas spring, a rear balancing pipeline, an accumulator and a pipeline joint; the main oil chamber oil port of the front oil-gas spring is connected to one end of the front balancing pipeline, and the other end of the front balancing pipeline is connected to a first oil inlet of the accumulator through a pipeline joint; the main oil chamber oil port of the rear oil-gas spring is connected to one end of the rear balancing pipeline, and the other end of the rear balancing pipeline is also connected to a second oil inlet of the accumulator through a pipeline joint to form a balanced suspension.

[0006] Furthermore, the accumulator is a piston accumulator and is arranged vertically.

[0007] Furthermore, the inner diameters of the front balancing pipeline and the rear balancing pipeline are not less than 20 mm.

[0008] Furthermore, the front oil-gas spring and the rear oil-gas spring include a cylinder, an oil filling hole, a drain plug, an air charging valve, an upper hinge, a connecting oil port, an upper limit, an oil groove, and a lower hinge. The upper ends of the cylinders of the front oil-gas spring and the rear oil-gas spring are provided with a connecting oil port. The oil filling hole and the drain plug on the lower hinge are arranged in the same direction as the oil filling hole and the air charging valve on the upper hinge, facing the outside of the vehicle, and perpendicular to the axial direction of the connecting oil ports on the front oil-gas spring and the rear oil-gas spring. The connecting oil ports of the front oil-gas spring and the rear oil-gas spring are arranged facing each other, wherein the connecting oil port of the front oil-gas spring faces the rear of the vehicle, and the connecting oil port of the rear oil-gas spring faces the front of the vehicle.

[0009] Furthermore, an upper limit position of an annular structure is processed on one end of the upper hinge facing the rodless oil chamber of the oil-gas spring, and the outer diameter of the upper limit position is smaller than the inner hole of the cylinder.

[0010] Furthermore, a circumferentially arranged oil passage groove is processed on the side wall of the upper limit position, and the oil passage groove is directly opposite to the connecting oil port.

[0011] Beneficial effects:

[0012] 1. The present invention proposes a balanced oil-gas suspension structure, in which the main oil chambers of the oil-gas springs on the same side of the two axles are connected to the two oil ports processed on the accumulator through pipelines. Its working characteristics are that all the oil in the oil-gas springs must first enter the accumulator, and the excess part enters the chamber of the other oil-gas spring for compensation, that is, buffering first and then compensation. On the basis of effectively suppressing the oscillation of water hammer waves inside the pipeline, the oil chamber volumes of the front and rear oil-gas springs are compensated for each other. This structure is suitable for high-mobility off-road vehicles. Through actual vehicle tests, compared with traditional independent suspension, it can reduce the transient impact amplitude of the single-wheel suspension by multiples, greatly improving the reliability of the axle.

[0013] 2. The present invention proposes that the inner diameter of the front and rear balance pipelines is not less than 20 mm, which can effectively suppress the resistance loss along the pipeline. By testing the compensation time difference of the front and rear axle oil and gas spring oil is less than 0.05s, the superiority of the balance suspension can be fully reflected.

[0014] 3. The present invention creatively proposes to set an upper limit position at the hinge on the oil-gas spring, so as to avoid the situation where the suspension piston interferes with the oil port connecting the balance suspension when it is compressed to the limit position, resulting in poor oil compensation.

[0015] 4. The present invention adopts a vertically placed piston accumulator. Compared with the traditional bladder or diaphragm accumulator (compression ratio 1:8), it has no compression ratio restriction, can absorb more impact energy, and prevent the accumulator from being damaged by breakdown. In addition, when the accumulator is placed vertically, it is easy to connect with the front and rear oil and gas springs respectively, so as to achieve the most optimized pipeline layout.

[0016] 5. The present invention adopts a solution of vertically placing the piston accumulator. After the balanced oil-gas suspension is installed on the vehicle, the oil filling hole on the lower hinge and the screw plug for draining oil are arranged in the same direction as the oil filling hole and the inflation valve on the upper hinge and face the outside of the vehicle, which is convenient for maintenance of the oil-gas spring. In addition, the connecting oil ports of the front oil-gas spring and the rear oil-gas spring are arranged opposite to each other, wherein the connecting oil port of the front oil-gas spring faces the rear direction of the vehicle, and the connecting oil port of the rear oil-gas spring faces the front direction of the vehicle, which can shorten the length of the front balancing pipeline and the rear balancing pipeline to the maximum extent and reduce the influence of the loss along the way on the performance of the balanced suspension. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the transverse balanced oil-gas suspension structure of the accumulator;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical balanced oil-gas suspension structure of the accumulator;

[0019] Figure 3 This is the main cross-sectional view of the oil and gas suspension;

[0020] Figure 4 This is the left view of the oil and gas suspension;

[0021] Figure 5 This is the appearance diagram of the oil and gas suspension;

[0022] Figure 6 It is the main sectional view of the guide sleeve;

[0023] Figure 7 It is the left view of the guide sleeve;

[0024] Figure 8 is the main sectional view of the main piston;

[0025] Fig. 9 This is the left view of the main piston;

[0026] Fig.10 It is the main sectional view of the upper hinge;

[0027] Fig.11 Bottom view of the upper hinge.

[0028] In the figure: 21. Front oil and gas spring, 22. Rear oil and gas spring, 23. Rear balance pipeline, 24. Front balance pipeline, 25. Three-way joint, 26. Accumulator, 27. Pipeline joint, 1. Cylinder, 2. Piston rod, 3. Guide sleeve, 4. Steel ball, 5. Main piston, 6. Lower hinge, 7. Oil filling hole, 8. Screw plug, 9. Piston bolt, 10. Piston rod inner hole, 11. Oil drain channel, 12. Inflating valve cap, 13. Inflating valve, 14. Upper hinge, 15. Throttle small hole, 16. Throttle large hole, 17. Guide sleeve Bolt, 18. Connecting oil port, 19. Large outer circle, 20. Small outer circle, 31. Guide threaded through hole, 32. First guide belt, 33. Static seal, 34. Protection ring, 35. Dust ring, 36. First oil seal, 37. Second oil seal, 38. Second guide belt, 39. Guide small outer circle, 40. Guide annular cavity, 51. Piston inner hole, 52. Annular end face, 53. Piston threaded through hole, 54. Piston annular boss, 81. Oil filling channel, 82. Oil groove, 84. Upper hinge outer circle, 85. Upper limit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] The present invention designs a balanced oil-gas suspension structure, which has broad application prospects in the fields of mining machinery and multi-axle heavy-duty transport vehicles. Figure 1 and 5 The figure shows a schematic diagram of a transversely placed balanced oil-gas suspension structure with an accumulator, wherein the connecting oil port 18 of the main oil chamber of the front oil-gas spring 21 is connected to one end of a front balancing pipeline 24, and the connecting oil port 18 of the main oil chamber of the rear oil-gas spring 22 is connected to one end of a rear balancing pipeline 23. Furthermore, the other end of the front balancing pipeline 24 and the other end of the rear balancing pipeline 23 are connected to the oil inlet of the accumulator 26 through a three-way joint 25, thereby forming a balanced suspension, and the high-pressure oil inside the accumulator can flow back and forth between the front oil-gas spring 21, the rear oil-gas spring 22 and the accumulator 26. The accumulator 26 is a piston accumulator, which is arranged horizontally for easy installation.

[0031] like Figure 2 and Figure 5The figure shows a schematic diagram of a vertical balanced oil-gas suspension structure of an accumulator, in which the connecting oil port 18 of the main oil chamber of the front oil-gas spring 21 is connected to one end of a front balancing pipeline 24, and the other end of the front balancing pipeline 24 is connected to a first oil inlet of an accumulator 26 via a pipeline joint 27, and the connecting oil port 18 of the main oil chamber of the rear oil-gas spring 22 is connected to one end of a rear balancing pipeline 23, and the other end of the rear balancing pipeline 23 is also connected to a second oil inlet of the accumulator 26 via a pipeline joint 27, thereby forming a balanced suspension, in which the high-pressure oil inside can flow back and forth between the front oil-gas spring 21, the rear oil-gas spring 22 and the accumulator 26, and the accumulator 26 is a piston accumulator, which is arranged vertically for easy installation.

[0032] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 3 and 5, after the balanced oil-gas suspension is installed on the vehicle, the oil filling hole 7 on the lower hinge 6 and the drain plug 8 are arranged in the same direction as the oil filling hole 7 and the inflation valve 13 on the upper hinge 14, usually toward the outside of the vehicle, for easy maintenance of the oil-gas spring, and are perpendicular to the axial direction of the connecting oil port 18 on the oil-gas spring; usually, the connecting oil ports 18 of the front oil-gas spring 21 and the rear oil-gas spring 22 are arranged opposite to each other, wherein the connecting oil port 18 of the front oil-gas spring 21 faces the rear direction of the vehicle, and the connecting oil port 18 of the rear oil-gas spring 22 faces the front direction of the vehicle.

[0033] The working principle of the balanced oil-gas suspension is as follows: when the front oil-gas spring 21 is compressed, its internal pressure tends to increase, and part of the high-pressure oil in the front oil-gas spring 21 will enter the rear oil-gas spring 22 through the pipeline first, so that the internal pressure of the two oil-gas springs is balanced, and the remaining excess oil enters the accumulator 26 to compress the high-pressure air chamber. Since the front oil-gas spring 21 and the rear oil-gas spring 22 must first be compensated for the oil to balance the pressure, the amount of compressed gas entering the accumulator 26 is much less than that of a separate oil-gas spring and accumulator, thereby greatly reducing the ultimate load of the single-wheel suspension when subjected to external impact, effectively improving the use environment of the suspension and axle, and greatly improving the reliability of chassis components.

[0034] In order to ensure smooth flow of oil in the balanced oil-gas suspension and timely compensation, and to avoid compensation delay under impact load or even excessive loss along the way leading to idle travel, the inner diameter of the front balancing pipeline 24 and the rear balancing pipeline 23 cannot be less than 20 mm.

[0035] The structure diagram of the oil and gas spring is as follows Figure 3-11As shown, the upper end of the cylinder 1 is fixedly connected to the upper hinge 14 by welding or threading, and the piston rod 2 is fixedly connected to the lower hinge 6 by welding or threading. The piston rod 2 is a hollow structure and is processed with a piston rod inner hole 10; the large outer circle 19 of the piston rod 2 is installed in cooperation with the inner hole of the hollow annular guide sleeve 3, and the guide sleeve 3 is fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the cylinder 1 by the circumferentially arranged guide sleeve bolts 17; the piston rod 2 and the annular structure main piston 5 are fixedly connected together by the piston bolts 9 arranged circumferentially on the end surface. It should be noted that it can also be fixedly connected by threading or integral connection. The piston rod 2 is processed by a forging method; the small outer circle 20 of the piston rod 2 is matched with the piston inner hole 51, and the upper end of the piston inner hole 51 is processed with an annular end face 52, and the inner diameter of the annular end face 52 is equivalent to the diameter of the piston rod inner hole 10. After the piston rod 2 is assembled into the piston inner hole 51, its top end is fully in contact with the side of the annular end face 52 to achieve the axial limit of the main piston 5; at the same time, a circumferential through hole is processed on the annular end face 52 of the main piston 5, and a circumferential threaded hole is processed on the top of the corresponding piston rod 2 in contact with the annular end face 52, which is fixedly connected by the piston bolt 9 after alignment during assembly. The outer circle of the main piston 5 is arranged with a guide belt.

[0036] At the transition position between the large outer circle 19 and the small outer circle 20 of the piston rod 2, a radial damping valve is processed, which is usually composed of a one-way valve and a normal through hole. The normal through hole is composed of a throttling small hole 15 and a throttling large hole 16 in series, wherein the throttling small hole 15 is close to the piston rod inner hole 10, and the rodless chamber of the oil-gas spring is connected to the piston rod inner hole 10. The oil in the rodless chamber enters the rod annular chamber through the throttling small hole 15 and the throttling large hole 16 in sequence, producing a damping throttling effect. The one-way valve is to add a steel ball 4 in the normal through hole. The diameter of the steel ball 4 is between the diameter of the throttling small hole 15 and the diameter of the throttling large hole 16, and is limited by the hole wall of the piston inner hole 51 of the main piston 5 to prevent the steel ball 4 from falling out of the normal through hole. The area of ​​the piston inner hole 51 covering the throttling large hole 16 does not exceed half of the cross-sectional area of ​​the throttling large hole 16.

[0037] When the oil-gas spring piston rod 2 is compressed, the steel ball 4 is lifted up by the oil, and the oil in the rodless chamber will enter the rod chamber through the normally-through hole and the one-way valve at the same time; when the oil-gas spring piston rod 2 is in a restoring and stretching state, the steel ball 4 is impacted downward by the oil and will block the throttling hole 15, so that the oil can only enter the rodless chamber through the normally-through hole, thereby generating a larger damping force value to attenuate the vibration from the ground.

[0038] The lower hinge 6 is equipped with a spherical bearing, and an oil injection hole 7 is processed for centralized lubrication of the spherical bearing. An oil drain channel 11 is processed at the center of the end face of the lower hinge 6 facing the inner hole 10 of the piston rod, connecting the inner hole 10 of the piston rod with the outside world and sealed by a screw plug 8. When the oil needs to be drained, the screw plug 8 is opened. Since the oil drain channel 11 is located at the lower end of the oil-gas spring, the oil in the cylinder can be easily drained.

[0039] like Figure 6-8 As shown, the inner hole of the annular guide sleeve 3 is sequentially equipped with a first guide belt 32, a first oil seal 36, a second oil seal 37, a second guide belt 38 and a dust ring 35 from the rod chamber of the oil-gas spring to the outside, and a structure of two oil seals connected in series is adopted. The guide belts are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the series oil seals to optimize the guiding ability. A static seal 33 and a protective ring 34 are installed on the outer circle of the guide sleeve 3, and the protective ring is arranged on the low-pressure side of the sealing groove; the outer circle of the guide sleeve 3 cooperates with the inner hole of the cylinder 1, so that the static seal 33 is squeezed and deformed to achieve the purpose of sealing the high-pressure oil. A guiding small outer circle 39 is processed at one end of the guide sleeve 3 close to the rod chamber of the oil and gas spring, and its outer diameter is smaller than the inner hole of the cylinder 1, and a guiding annular cavity 40 is formed between the inner hole of the cylinder 1. Correspondingly, a piston annular boss 54 is processed on the end face of the main piston 5 facing the rod chamber of the oil and gas spring. When the piston rod 2 is pulled to the longest position, the piston annular boss 54 enters the guiding annular cavity 40 and forms a hydraulic buffer limit by squeezing the oil to prevent the main piston 5 from rigidly colliding with the guide sleeve 3.

[0040] In addition, if Figure 3 , 5As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the connecting oil port 18 of the oil-gas spring is arranged on the cylinder 1. In order to avoid the main piston 5 from interfering with the connecting oil port 18 or even being blocked when being compressed to the limit position, and to cause damage to the guide belt on the outer circle of the main piston 5, an upper limit position 85 of an annular structure is processed on one end of the upper hinge 14 toward the rodless oil chamber of the oil-gas spring. The outer circle diameter of the upper limit position 85 is smaller than the inner hole of the cylinder 1, and an annular gap for oil flow is formed between the outer circle of the upper limit position 85 and the inner hole of the cylinder 1. At the same time, a circumferentially arranged oil flow groove 82 is processed on the side wall of the upper limit position 85, and the oil flow groove 82 is directly opposite to the connecting oil port 18. The oil in the balance suspension pipeline can be connected to the rodless chamber of the oil-gas spring through the annular gap and the oil flow groove 82 at the same time, which not only avoids the interference of the main piston 5 with the connecting oil port 18 when being compressed to the limit position, but also maximizes the mutual compensation of oil between the connected oil-gas spring and the accumulator, thereby ensuring the stability of the balance suspension working at the limit position. An air charging valve 13 is installed on the upper hinge 14 and is connected to the rodless chamber of the oil-gas spring for charging and discharging oil and gas media. An air charging valve cap 12 is also arranged at the top of the air charging valve 13 to prevent the air charging valve 13 from being damaged by bumps. The air charging valve cap 12 is connected to the upper hinge 14 through threads; the upper hinge 14 is equipped with a spherical bearing and is machined with an oil filling hole 7 for centralized lubrication of the spherical bearing. Usually, the air charging valve 13 and the oil filling hole 7 are arranged on the same side of the upper hinge 14 to facilitate operation on the vehicle.

[0041] In summary, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An accumulator vertically balanced oil-gas suspension, comprising a front oil-gas spring (21), a front balancing pipeline (24), a rear oil-gas spring (22), a rear balancing pipeline (23), an accumulator (26), and a pipeline joint (27), characterized in that: The main oil chamber oil port of the front oil-gas spring (21) is connected to one end of the front balance pipeline (24), and the other end of the front balance pipeline (24) is connected to the first oil inlet of the accumulator (26) through a pipeline joint (27); the main oil chamber oil port of the rear oil-gas spring (22) is connected to one end of the rear balance pipeline (23), and the other end of the rear balance pipeline (23) is also connected to the second oil inlet of the accumulator (26) through the pipeline joint (27), thereby forming a balanced suspension; The front oil-gas spring (21) and the rear oil-gas spring (22) comprise a cylinder (1), an upper hinge (14), a connecting oil port (18), an upper limit position (85), and an oil groove (82); the upper end of the cylinder (1) is provided with a connecting oil port (18); The upper hinge (14) is machined with an upper limit position (85) of an annular structure at one end facing the rodless oil chamber of the gas spring, and the outer diameter of the upper limit position (85) is smaller than the inner hole of the cylinder (1); An oil passage groove (82) arranged circumferentially is machined on the side wall of the upper limit position (85), and the oil passage groove (82) is directly opposite to the oil communication port (18); The inner diameters of the front balancing pipeline (24) and the rear balancing pipeline (23) are not less than 20 mm.

2. The accumulator vertical balanced oil-gas suspension according to claim 1, characterized in that: The accumulator (26) is a piston accumulator and is arranged vertically.

3. The accumulator vertical balanced oil-gas suspension according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front oil-gas spring (21) and the rear oil-gas spring (22) further comprise an oil filling hole (7), a screw plug (8) for draining oil, an air charging valve (13), and a lower hinge (6); the oil filling hole (7) and the screw plug (8) for draining oil on the lower hinge (6) are arranged in the same direction as the oil filling hole (7) and the air charging valve (13) on the upper hinge (14), facing the outside of the vehicle, and perpendicular to the axial direction of the connecting oil port (18) on the front oil-gas spring (21) and the rear oil-gas spring (22); the connecting oil port (18) of the front oil-gas spring (21) and the rear oil-gas spring (22) are arranged facing each other, wherein the connecting oil port (18) of the front oil-gas spring (21) faces the rear of the vehicle, and the connecting oil port (18) of the rear oil-gas spring (22) faces the front of the vehicle.

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