Femoral neck cannulated screw guide pin positioning and orientation combined slider based on surgical central axis

Abstract

The present invention discloses a positioning and orientation combined slider for femoral neck cannulated screw guide needles based on a surgical central axis, which comprises a base. The base has a square structure. Maintenance holes are equidistantly arranged at intervals on the left, middle, and right of the front surface of the base. A plurality of maintenance holes in the middle of the base are equidistantly arranged from bottom to top at intervals. Rectangular sliding grooves are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the maintenance holes in the middle of the base. Sliding sliders are arranged in the rectangular sliding grooves. A plurality of guide needle holes are symmetrically arranged on the front surfaces of the sliders in the two rectangular sliding grooves from top to bottom in an inclined manner. The structure of the present invention is simple, which can effectively and stably insert the guide needles in parallel. At the same time, it is convenient to adjust the front-back distance and up-down distance of the guide needles, thereby adjusting the position and spatial layout of the cannulated screw guide needles and cannulated screws in the femoral neck bone mass, grasping the distance accuracy of the guide needles, avoiding iatrogenic accidents easily caused by manual operation, reducing the incidence rate of iatrogenic accidents, and effectively improving the success rate of the operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of orthopedic surgical equipment, and more particularly to an auxiliary device for the treatment of femoral neck fractures, specifically a positioning and orientation combined slider for femoral neck cannulated screw guide pins based on the surgical central axis. Background Art

[0002] In the hip-preserving treatment of femoral neck fractures, cannulated screw fixation remains the preferred option, and the insertion of cannulated screw guide pins is the core technology and operation difficulty. Whether it is the insertion of cannulated screws under direct vision during open reduction, or the insertion of cannulated screws through minimally invasive percutaneous surgery with plate internal fixation, safely, accurately, with a reasonable spatial configuration, avoiding or reducing radiation exposure, and successfully inserting the cannulated screw guide pins in one attempt have always been the research hotspots and unremitting pursuits of orthopedic surgeons.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream technology in clinical practice is still to drill 1 guide pin into the proximal femur based on visual estimation, and then repeatedly fluoroscope the anteroposterior and lateral views of the femoral neck using a C-arm X-ray machine. Using the position of this guide pin in the femoral neck as a reference, repeatedly adjust the entry points, directions, and lengths of the 3 guide pins until the 3 guide pins reach the appropriate positions under fluoroscopy, and then screw in 1 cannulated screw along each of the 3 guide pins respectively. The entire surgical process relies on the manual operation of the surgeon's hand feeling and the repeated fluoroscopic monitoring of the C-arm X-ray machine. Therefore, not only is the accuracy of the entry point, direction, and position of each cannulated screw poor, but also the spatial distribution of the 3 cannulated screws cannot be accurately controlled, and there are no objective standards for the length and holding force of the screws; it can cause complications such as internal fixation failure and fracture, nonunion of the fracture, and osteonecrosis of the femoral head, and is extremely likely to cause collateral injuries such as damage to the proximal femoral cortex and acetabular cartilage, and iatrogenic fractures. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a positioning and orientation combined slider for femoral neck cannulated screw guide pins based on the surgical central axis in view of the deficiencies of the prior art. After drilling the surgical central axis steel pin and multiple direction-maintaining steel pins into the femoral neck to determine the position and direction of the central axis, the combined slider is sleeved, and the positions of multiple cannulated screws are adjusted using the slider, avoiding iatrogenic accidents easily caused by manual operation, reducing the incidence of iatrogenic accidents, and effectively improving the surgical success rate.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows:

[0006] A femoral neck cannulated screw guide pin positioning and orientation combined slider based on the surgical central axis, comprising a base. The base has a square structure. Designing the base as a square structure facilitates the upper plane to be parallel to the anterior cortical plane of the femoral neck. On the front surface of the base, maintaining holes are equidistantly spaced at the left, middle, and right. Several maintaining holes in the middle of the base are equidistantly spaced from bottom to top. The maintaining holes on the left, middle, and right of the base are respectively sleeved with corresponding steel pins to maintain the direction and position of the femoral neck cannulated screw guide pin positioning and orientation combined slider. Rectangular chutes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the maintaining hole in the middle of the base. A sliding slider is arranged in the rectangular chute. The sliding setting facilitates adjusting the distance of the slider. On the front surface of the slider in the two rectangular chutes on both sides, several guide pin holes are symmetrically arranged in an inclined manner from top to bottom. The guide pin holes are used for drilling two anterior cannulated screw guide pins. The symmetrical arrangement allows for selecting the distance from the guide pin hole to the midpoint, facilitating horizontal distance adjustment.

[0007] A further technical solution is that several grooves are arranged on one side of the rectangular chute close to the middle maintaining hole, and several through grooves corresponding in position are arranged on the other side of the rectangular chute. Several screw holes corresponding in position to the grooves and through grooves are arranged on both sides of the slider. On the screw hole on one side of the slider close to the middle maintaining hole of the base, a tailless bolt that is slidably connected to the groove and matches it is arranged. On the screw hole on the other side of the slider, a locking bolt that is slidably connected to the through groove and matches it is arranged. By arranging the grooves and through grooves, and arranging screw holes corresponding in position to the grooves and through grooves on both sides of the slider, and at the same time, using a tailless bolt to be slidably connected to the through groove on one side close to the middle maintaining hole of the base and using a locking bolt to lock on the other side, the purpose of controlling the up and down sliding of the slider is achieved.

[0008] A further technical solution is that scale marks are provided on the front surface and rear surface of the base and on the front surface and rear surface of the slider. The scale marks on the front surface and rear surface of the base are used to measure the up and down sliding distance of the slider, measuring the up and down distance from the center of the guide pin hole to the maintaining hole in the middle of the base (i.e., the anterior-posterior radial distance of the femoral neck). The scale marks on the slider are used to measure the horizontal distance from the guide pin hole to the middle maintaining hole (i.e., the up and down radial distance of the femoral neck), thereby accurately measuring the distance and coordinates of the guide pin placed in the guide pin hole with respect to the central axis of the femoral neck.

[0009] A further technical solution is that a tight-top screw hole communicating with the guide pin hole is correspondingly arranged at the top of the slider, and a tight-top bolt is arranged on the tight-top screw hole. The tight-top bolt is used to stabilize the guide pin in the guide pin hole.

[0010] A further technical solution is that several cannulated screw guide holes are arranged below the middle maintaining hole of the base. After fixing the combined slider, the position of the rear guide pin is calculated before the operation, and it is directly used for drilling the rear cannulated screw guide pin.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0012] The structure of the present invention is simple, which can effectively and stably place the guide pin in parallel. At the same time, it is convenient to adjust the front-back distance and up-down distance of the guide pin, thereby adjusting the position and spatial layout of the hollow nail guide pin and the hollow nail in the femoral neck bone mass. The distance accuracy of the guide pin can be effectively grasped, and it is convenient to observe the distance of the guide pin, avoiding iatrogenic accidents easily caused by manual operation, reducing the incidence of iatrogenic accidents, and effectively improving the success rate of the operation. Description of the Drawings

[0013] Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the base of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 2 are the axial positions of the three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the slider of the present invention;

[0016] In the figure: 1, left side; 2, rectangular chute; 3, middle; 4, hollow nail guide hole; 5, right side; 6, through groove; 7, groove; 8, scale mark; 9, base; 10, maintaining hole; 11, locking bolt; 12, slider; 13, guide pin hole; 14, tailless bolt; 15, tight top screw hole; 16, tight top bolt; 17, screw hole. Detailed Embodiments

[0017] In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention and more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings. Specific embodiments are provided below, and the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the drawings.

[0018] See Figures 1 to 3The structure shown in the figure, a femoral neck hollow nail guide needle positioning and orientation combined slider based on the surgical central axis provided by the present invention includes a base 9, the base 9 is a square structure, the base 9 is made of medical stainless steel, the upper plane of the base 9 is parallel to the front bone cortical plane of the femoral neck, and the front end surface of the base is equidistantly arranged with maintenance holes 10 on the left 1, the middle 3, and the right 5. The maintenance hole 10 on the left is designed in the middle of the left 1, and the maintenance hole 10 in the middle 3 is designed in the middle of the middle 3 (the maintenance hole 10 in the middle of the middle 3 is equivalent to the central axis of the femoral neck), and the number is designed to be At least two, the maintenance hole 10 on the right side 5 is designed in the middle of the right side 5, and a number of maintenance holes 10 in the middle 3 of the base 9 are arranged at equal intervals from bottom to top, and rectangular slide grooves 2 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the maintenance hole 10 in the middle 3 of the base 9, and a sliding slider 12 is arranged in the rectangular slide groove 2. The front end surface of the slider 12 in the rectangular slide grooves 2 on both sides is obliquely symmetrically arranged from top to bottom. A number of guide pin holes 13 are designed to be three, and the inner and outer side distances of the guide pin holes 13 on the slider 12 are not equal. By replacing the sliders 12 on both sides, different upper and lower distances can be selected.

[0019] Specifically, a plurality of grooves 7 are arranged on one side of the rectangular slide 2 close to the middle 3 maintaining hole 10, a plurality of through grooves 6 corresponding to the position are arranged on the other side of the rectangular slide 2, a plurality of screw holes 17 corresponding to the positions of the grooves 7 and the through grooves 6 are arranged on both sides of the slider 12, the depth of the screw hole 17 is designed to be smaller than the horizontal distance from the side of the slider 12 to the guide pin hole 13, or the vertical distance of the screw hole 17 is designed to be staggered with the guide pin hole 13 to avoid the guide pin in the guide pin hole 13 being connected to the guide pin hole 13 and causing the guide pin in the guide pin hole 13 to be stuck, and the position of the screw hole 17 should be designed to avoid the guide pin hole 13, and a tailless bolt 14 that is slidably connected to the groove 7 and matches with each other is arranged on the screw hole 17 on one side of the slider 12 close to the middle 3 maintaining hole 10 of the base 9, and a locking bolt 11 that is slidably connected to the through groove 6 and matches with each other is arranged on the screw hole 17 on the other side of the slider 12.

[0020] Specifically, the front end surface and rear end surface of the base 9 and the front end surface and rear end surface of the slider 12 are all provided with scale marks 8, and the scale marks 8 are set on the inside and outside of the rectangular slide groove 2. The scale marks 8 are used to measure the up and down sliding distance of the slider 12 (that is, the anterior-posterior radial distance of the femoral neck). The front and rear surfaces of the slider 12 are both provided with scale marks 8. The scale marks 8 are set on the long side of the slider 12, and are used to measure the horizontal distance from the center of the guide pin hole 13 to the maintaining hole 10 in the middle part of the middle 3 of the base 9 (that is, the upper and lower radial distance of the femoral neck), and then measure the Z-axis coordinate and Y-axis coordinate of the guide pin placed on the guide pin hole 13.

[0021] Specifically, a tightening screw hole 15 communicating with the guide pin hole 13 is correspondingly arranged at the top of the sliding block 12 , and a tightening screw hole 15 is provided with a tightening bolt 16 .

[0022] Specifically, several hollow nail guiding holes 4 are provided below the middle 3 maintaining holes 10 of the base 9. The number of the hollow nail guiding holes 4 is designed to be at least one. The distance from the hollow nail guiding holes 4 of the base 9 to the middle 3 middle maintaining holes 10 of the base 9 is designed as bases of various specifications, which is achieved by preoperative measurement and intraoperative selection of the base 9 with corresponding distances and specifications, and is used to position and orient the guide pin of the posterior hollow nail.

[0023] The working principle of the present invention:

[0024] First, the distance from the posterior hollow nail guiding holes 4 of the base 9 to the middle 3 middle maintaining holes 10 of the base 9 is designed as various specifications. Select a base 9 with a suitable specification to make the upper plane of the base 9 parallel to the anterior cortical plane of the femoral neck. Define the entire device in a spatial rectangular coordinate system as the X, Y, and Z axes (as Figure 2 shown). Among them, the maintaining hole 10 in the middle 3 middle of the entire base 9 is equivalent to the central axis of the femoral neck (that is, the front-back direction of the maintaining hole in the middle middle of the base is equivalent to the X axis of the spatial rectangular coordinate system). The horizontal distance from the guide pin hole 13 to this maintaining hole 10 is equivalent to the up-down radial distance between the hollow nail guide pin and the central axis designed during the operation (that is, the Y axis of the spatial rectangular coordinate system). The vertical distance from the guide pin hole 13 to the middle 3 middle maintaining hole 10 is equivalent to the front-back radial distance between the hollow nail guide pin and the central axis designed during the operation (that is, the Z axis of the spatial rectangular coordinate system).

[0025] Put four steel pins into the maintaining holes of the femoral neck hollow nail guide pin positioning and orienting combined slider in sequence. The corresponding relationships are as follows: Two maintaining holes 10 designed in the middle 3 of the base 9 are both sleeved with steel pins. The maintaining hole 10 in the middle 3 middle of the base 9 is located at the central axis. The maintaining holes 10 in the middle 1 of the left side of the base 9 and the middle 5 of the right side of the base 9 are respectively sleeved with two steel pins to maintain the direction and position of the femoral neck hollow nail guide pin positioning and orienting combined slider (matching the neck-shaft angle, anteversion angle, anterior torsion angle, and the central axis of the femoral neck); Then, determine the central axis of the femoral neck and the anterior plane of the femoral neck through the above steps, fix the entire device to the proximal femur, and fix the device at a certain position according to the horizontal distance and vertical distance from the guide pin hole 13 to the middle 3 middle maintaining hole (i.e., the central axis of the femoral neck) of the base 9 determined by preoperative design, and lock it with the locking bolt 11. Select an appropriate guide pin and drill one into each of the guide pin holes 13 on both sides of the slider (i.e., two anterior hollow nail guide pins), and then select a base 9 with a distance from the appropriate hollow nail guiding hole 4 to the middle 3 middle maintaining hole 10 calculated preoperatively and drill a guide pin along the hollow nail guiding hole 4 of the base 9 (i.e., one posterior hollow nail guide pin). Then withdraw the combined slider, and then drill the hollow nail along the three guide pins. This combined slider can achieve the purpose of stabilizing the guide pin, facilitating the adjustment of the guide pin, that is, stabilizing the hollow nail and facilitating the adjustment of the hollow nail.

[0026] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A femoral neck cannulated screw guide pin positioning and orientation combined slider based on the surgical central axis, characterized in that: It includes a base, the base is of a square structure, maintaining holes are equidistantly spaced on the left, middle and right of the front surface of the base, several maintaining holes in the middle of the base are equidistantly spaced from bottom to top, rectangular sliding grooves are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the maintaining hole in the middle of the base, sliding sliders are arranged in the rectangular sliding grooves, and several guide pin holes are symmetrically arranged obliquely from top to bottom on the front surface of the sliders in the rectangular sliding grooves on both sides; Several grooves are arranged on one side of the rectangular sliding groove close to the middle maintaining hole, several through grooves corresponding in position are arranged on the other side of the rectangular sliding groove, several screw holes corresponding to the positions of the grooves and the through grooves are arranged on both sides of the slider, a tailless bolt that is slidably connected to the groove and matches with it is arranged on the screw hole on the side of the slider close to the middle maintaining hole of the base, and a locking bolt that is slidably connected to the through groove and matches with it is arranged on the screw hole on the other side of the slider; Several hollow nail guiding holes are arranged below the middle maintaining hole of the base.

2. The femoral neck cannulated screw guide pin positioning and orientation combined slider based on the surgical central axis according to claim 1, wherein: Scale marks are provided on the front surface and the rear surface of the base, and on the front surface and the rear surface of the slider.

3. The femoral neck cannulated screw guide pin positioning and orientation combined slider based on the surgical central axis according to claim 1, characterized in that: Tightening screw holes communicating with the guide pin holes are correspondingly arranged at the top of the slider, and tightening bolts are arranged on the tightening screw holes.

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