A recoil type compression arc extinguishing lightning protection device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a recoil-type compressed arc-extinguishing lightning protection device. The outer surface of the device body is provided with several skirts. An arc-guide ball I is embedded in the device body. The arc-guide ball I divides the device body into two spaces. An arc-extinguishing path consisting of a compression pipe is provided in the upper half of the space. An arc-guide ball III is provided in the compression pipe. The ends of two adjacent compression pipes are connected by conductive connectors. The end of the last section of the compression pipe is electrically connected to the arc-guide ball I. A compressed air flow injection channel and a compressed air flow injection port are provided on the side wall of the device body. The present invention has a simple structure and uses the device body as an arc-extinguishing chamber. It can effectively recoil high-energy arcs. The straight recoil pipe narrow pipe injection effect and the compression pipe perform a horizontal and vertical blowing effect on the arc, which can better intercept the arc, significantly reduce the arc energy, and facilitate arc extinguishing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of electric hardware for overhead power transmission and distribution lines, and relates to a recoil-type compression arc extinguishing lightning protection device. Background Art

[0002] The distribution of power sources and load centers in my country is highly uneven, with coal-based power generation predominating. Coal resources are largely concentrated in the northwest, while exploitable hydropower resources are primarily concentrated in the western and central regions. However, my country's load centers are concentrated in the eastern coastal areas, the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, and the developed central regions. This necessitates that addressing the power supply needs of these load centers requires not only the vigorous development of hydropower and thermal power generation, but also the construction of cross-regional, high-capacity, and long-distance energy transmission corridors.

[0003] As transmission line voltages continue to rise, China has built a total of eight ultra-high voltage (UHV) projects, encompassing over 1.1 million kilometers of transmission lines and nearly 50 million towers. Statistics show that the risk of lightning damage to power grids is primarily concentrated on transmission lines, and lightning damage remains a significant factor impacting the security, stability, and reliability of transmission networks. Existing lightning protection systems primarily rely on a "blocking" approach, primarily involving the installation of lightning conductors and coupled ground wires, reducing tower grounding resistance, strengthening line insulation, and installing line arresters. However, due to limitations in effectiveness, safety, and affordability, these systems only protect against single, weak lightning strikes, leaving significant gaps in protection against large and multiple lightning strikes. The existing "channeling" approach primarily involves installing parallel protective gaps at both ends of insulator strings. While simple and easy to install, its lack of arc extinguishing modules allows for continuous short-circuit currents to flow through the system, forcing circuit breakers to interrupt the currents. This trades tripping rates for accident rates, and can easily lead to significant safety incidents. At the same time, due to the ablation effect of the short-circuit current, the insulation coordination of the parallel protection gap fails and loses its application function. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention proposes a recoil-type compression arc extinguishing lightning protection device that can effectively recoil large-energy arcs, better cut off the arcs, significantly reduce the arc energy, and is conducive to extinguishing the arcs.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A recoil type compression arc extinguishing lightning protection device comprises a straight cylindrical device body; the outer surface of the device body is provided with a plurality of skirts;

[0007] The interior of the device body is hollow, and an arc guide ball I is embedded in the device body. The arc guide ball I divides the device body into two spaces, and an arc extinguishing path composed of several sections of compression pipes arranged obliquely from top to bottom is provided in the upper half of the space; the lower half of the device body is a recoil pipe forming a semi-enclosed space; an arc guide ball III is provided in the compression pipe; the ends of two adjacent compression pipes are connected by conductive connectors, and the end of the last section of the compression pipe is electrically connected to the arc guide ball I; a compressed air flow injection channel is provided on the side wall of the device body corresponding to the end of the compression pipe, and a compressed air flow injection port is provided on the outer surface of the device body accordingly.

[0008] As a further technical improvement, multiple metal rings and small platforms are installed in the lower half of the space inside the device body from top to bottom. The metal rings are installed on the small platforms, and their outer surfaces are in close contact with the inner wall of the device body. One of the small platforms is installed above the recoil jet at the bottom of the device body. The outer diameter of the metal ring is in close contact with the inner diameter of the device body, and its position is fixed by the small platform to prevent the metal ring from shifting during recoil. The metal conductivity of the metal ring ensures that the arc can smoothly enter the device body, realizing the recoil function. At the same time, due to the high force at the outlet of the device body, the metal ring also plays a role in protecting the outlet of the device body. Metal rings are designed at regular intervals throughout the entire device body to ensure that the arc channel is controlled within the specified track.

[0009] As a further technical improvement, the conductive connecting piece is a wire, a metal sheet or a tee pipe.

[0010] As a further technical improvement, two arc-guide balls II are installed within the tee. An air gap is provided between the two arc-shaped balls II, and the length of the air gap is exactly the diameter of the radial tube of the tee. The arc-guide balls II are spherical in structure. When the arc enters the tee, the central jet nozzle of the tee generates a jet airflow that acts on the arc, achieving horizontal blowing. Because the device includes a compression pipe and a tee, it can achieve both horizontal and vertical blowing of the arc.

[0011] As a further technical improvement, the radial pipe opening of the three-way pipe is in close contact with the inner wall of the device body, and a corresponding compressed air flow injection channel is provided on the side wall of the device body.

[0012] As a further technical improvement, the arc guide ball III is arranged in the middle position of the compression pipe.

[0013] As a further technical improvement, the arc guide ball I, arc guide ball II and arc guide ball III are all made of graphite or metal materials.

[0014] As a further technical improvement, the metal rings are arranged at equal intervals in the lower half of the space of the device body.

[0015] As a further technical improvement, the arc guide ball I is arranged in the middle position of the device body.

[0016] Working principle of the present invention:

[0017] The arc is an elastically deformable plasma. Upon entering the recoil tube, the narrow constriction of the tube causes the arc to increase in density, velocity, and temperature upon entering the tube's starting point. This increases the pressure within the tube, ultimately leading to a compression explosion. The arc impacts the arc guide ball I inside the recoil tube, causing the arc to experience a reverse elastic force at the blocked recoil tube bottom. Most of the arc changes direction 180°, while a small portion passes through the bottom of the recoil tube due to the conductive material at the bottom. The arc, with its greater velocity, density, and pressure, rebounds back, creating a cavity effect that acts on the outer arc at the entrance, causing the arc to be interrupted at the end.

[0018] The recoil tube in the present invention is a narrow tube perfusion channel, which is the only channel for the arc to enter the device. Various physical changes occur during the perfusion process.

[0019] 1. Arc plasma undergoes elastic deformation. When the arc plasma enters the recoil tube inlet, its physical shape first changes from a thick arc to an extremely thin arc, and the radial pressure turns into axial pressure. Due to the narrow tube recoil effect, the ejection speed will accelerate during arc recoil.

[0020] 2. The arc temperature rise effect is intensified. When the arc becomes thinner, the arc cross-sectional area decreases. According to the formula , the arc resistance will increase significantly. Since the lightning arc is often used as a constant current source in practical work, according to the formula It can be seen that although the impact time is only a few microseconds, the overall energy will be enhanced and the internal temperature of the recoil tube will increase.

[0021] Arc radiation, convection, and conduction are three ways of energy loss. Since the heat cannot be released in a closed pipe, that is, in an exogenous blocking environment, it blocks the arc and only generates heat but does not dissipate it. Therefore, a blocking temperature rise will occur, causing the temperature inside the pipe to continue to rise.

[0022] 3. The pressure explosion effect increases dramatically. When the temperature gradually rises, the arc accumulation increases, which further intensifies the pressure explosion effect and makes the arc spray more powerful.

[0023] The compression pipes are arranged in a "Z" shape within the device body. Because the compression pipes are tilted within the device body, they can prevent the ends of two adjacent compression pipes from being too close together, causing air breakdown and arcing, which would prevent the arc from being effectively blown out. The two ends of the compression pipes are in contact with the inner walls of the device body respectively. The opening at the bottom of the device body is the bottom recoil jet port. The top of the device body is set to a closed state.

[0024] The arc guide ball I is a spherical structure, which is tightly embedded in the device body. The upper half of the device body forms a compression pipe, and the lower half of the device body forms a straight recoil pipe. The straight recoil pipe is a semi-enclosed space. The arc guide ball III is a spherical structure, which is embedded in the compression pipe, so that the compression pipe is divided into two semi-enclosed spaces by the arc guide ball III.

[0025] The main body of the device is made of high-strength, high-density and high-temperature resistant materials, such as alloy ceramics, rare earth ceramics, graphene-ceramic composites, organic ceramics, synthetic silicone rubber, organic insulating materials, alloy glass, rare earth glass, graphene glass, organic glass and other insulating materials.

[0026] When in use, the compression arc extinguishing lightning protection device is installed on the insulator string on the low-voltage side, and the head end of the first section of the compression pipe is electrically connected to the insulator string on the low-voltage side; and the position of the compression arc extinguishing lightning protection device corresponds to the lower electrode on the high-voltage side, with the flashover air channel in the middle. Through insulation coordination, the lightning overvoltage generated when lightning strikes the tower or lightning conductor will preferentially break through the parallel channel protection insulator string, and the formed arc will enter the recoil compression arc extinguishing lightning protection device, and the arc will first enter the straight recoil tube;

[0027] The diameter of the device's main entrance is smaller than the arc's diameter. When the arc enters the device, the further it goes, the stronger the narrow tube perfusion effect of the device's main tube wall becomes. At this time, the arc density at the device's main entrance increases. Due to the device's airtightness, the temperature inside the device's main tube rises instantly, forming a density and temperature difference between the inside and the outside. Due to the restrictions of the device's main tube's inner wall, the arc's density, speed, and temperature increase when it enters the recoil tube's starting point, leading to an increase in the pressure inside the tube, ultimately producing a compression explosion effect. The arc is subjected to a reverse elastic force at the bottom of the blocked recoil tube, causing the arc's direction to change 180°. The arc that rebounds has a greater speed, density, and pressure, forming a cavity effect at the entrance that acts on the outer arc, causing the arc to be cut off at the port. The greater the arc's energy entering the recoil tube, the greater the narrow tube perfusion effect it receives from the recoil tube, the greater the density and temperature differences it creates, and the arc may even be extinguished, making the recoil capability stronger.

[0028] After the arc is recoiled, its energy is greatly reduced. The residual arc enters the compression pipe in the upper part through the arc guide ball I and is compressed. The temperature difference, density difference and pressure difference between the inside and outside form multi-point jet longitudinal blowing, which divides the arc into multiple breakpoints, realizes the arc interruption effect, and finally extinguishes the arc, ensuring that the arc is completely extinguished before the circuit breaker is opened, protecting the insulator string while avoiding the circuit breaker tripping.

[0029] Compared with the structure and principle of the prior art "Angular Lightning Arrester (patent application number CN200810178607.3)", this patent has the following differences:

[0030] 1) There is no time lag effect in arc extinguishing. Since the angular lightning arrester ejects arc jets through lightning flashover, this process requires conductive components such as metal components produced by melting and vaporization or ions in plasmatized gas. These components float in the air, reducing the insulation capacity in the air and easily causing arc displacement. Arc jets are ejected at the arc displacement point, thereby blocking the arc. Obviously, there is a time lag effect in the process of arc flashover - melting and vaporization of conductive materials - ejection of arc jets, that is, the energy of the arc jet ejected by the angular lightning arrester is less than the energy of the lightning flashover arc. The narrow tube perfusion effect proposed in this patent fully utilizes the elastic deformation of the arc plasma. When the arc plasma enters the recoil tube entrance, its physical shape first changes from a thick arc to an extremely thin arc, and the radial pressure is converted to axial pressure. Due to the narrow tube recoil effect, the ejection speed will accelerate during the arc recoil.

[0031] 2) High arc extinguishing threshold. Since the arc extinguishing tube and gas generating device of the angular lightning protection device are made of polyamide resin (also known as nylon), they can withstand a temperature of about 500°C, which is much lower than the arc burning temperature (up to 3726.85°C). Therefore, the arc extinguishing tube and the gas generating device are easily affected by high temperature and eventually burst. This patent proposes to use high-strength, high-temperature and high-voltage resistant non-conductive materials, such as alloy ceramics, rare earth ceramics, graphene-ceramic composite materials, organic ceramics, synthetic silicone rubber, organic insulating materials, alloy glass, rare earth glass, graphene glass, organic glass, combined with new materials

[0032] 3) There is no high-temperature baking gas production method. Since the angular lightning protection device acts on the arc by ejecting arc jets and blows out the arc in the gap. The ejection of arc jets requires high-temperature baking to produce gas, which seriously leads to the loss of gas-producing materials and significantly reduces the service life of the device. However, this patent proposes a plasma narrow tube infusion effect: utilizing the fluidity of arc plasma, the radial displacement of the arc entering the recoil tube is converted into axial expansion; when it contacts the bottom of the recoil tube, it is subjected to geometric elastic deformation, and the pressure superposition, temperature superposition and density superposition effects formed by the incoming arc and the outgoing arc rapidly multiply the pressure in the recoil module, destroying the subsequent energy of the arc and blocking the continuity of the arc. Therefore, there is no high-temperature baking gas production method, which ensures the loss of materials in this patent and a long service life.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. The present invention adopts a straight recoil tube as the first-level arc extinguishing chamber, which can firstly reduce the arc energy through the recoil effect of the arc with large energy, thus facilitating the extinguishing of the arc.

[0035] 2. The present invention first implements a narrow tube perfusion effect on the arc through a straight recoil tube to achieve an internal cutoff effect, and then implements an external cutoff effect on the arc through a compression pipe. The combination of internal cutoff and external cutoff can better cut off the arc.

[0036] 3. The device body of the present invention utilizes the energy of lightning itself to extinguish arcs, and is not dependent on the size of the power frequency energy.

[0037] 4. The present invention utilizes the thermal effect of electric current to change the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the device body, thereby generating an air pressure difference to blow out the arc, avoiding the use of external gas-generating materials, and facilitating long-term repeated use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is an installation diagram of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0042] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the compression pipe in the present invention.

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Example 2 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the three-way pipe in the present invention.

[0045] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of Example 3 of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of Example 4 of the present invention.

[0047] Figure numerals: 1-low-voltage end, 2-insulator string, 3-high-voltage end, 4-lower electrode, 5-compressed air flow jet, 6-device body, 7-bottom recoil jet, 8-arcing ball I, 9-skirt, 10-compression pipe, 11-arcing ball III, 12-injection channel, 13-tee pipe, 14-arcing ball II, 15-metal ring, 16-small platform. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] Example 1:

[0050] A recoil-type compressed arc-extinguishing lightning protection device includes a straight-cylindrical device body 6; the outer surface of the device body 6 is provided with several skirts 9; the interior of the device body 6 is hollow, and an arc guide ball I8 is embedded in the device body 6, and the arc guide ball I8 divides the device body 6 into two spaces, and an arc extinguishing path composed of several sections of compression pipes 10 arranged obliquely from top to bottom is provided in the upper half of the space; the lower half of the device body 6 is a recoil pipe forming a semi-enclosed space; the compression pipe 10 is provided with an arc guide ball III 11; the ends of two adjacent compression pipes are connected by conductive connectors, and the end of the last section of the compression pipe is electrically connected to the arc guide ball I8; a compressed air flow injection channel 12 is provided on the side wall of the device body corresponding to the end of the compression pipe 10, and a compressed air flow injection port 5 is provided on the outer surface of the device body.

[0051] The arcing ball III 11 is arranged in the middle of the compression pipe 10. The arcing ball I 8 is arranged in the middle of the device body 6. The conductive connecting member is a wire or a metal sheet.

[0052] The working principle of this embodiment:

[0053] Since the compression pipe 10 is tilted in the device body 17, it can avoid the ends of the upper and lower adjacent compression pipes 10 being too close to each other, which would cause air breakdown and arc initiation, and thus make it impossible to effectively blow out the arc; the two ends of the compression pipe 10 are respectively in contact with the two sides of the inner wall of the device body 6; the opening at the bottom of the device body 6 is the bottom recoil injection port 7; the top of the device body 6 is set to be in a closed state;

[0054] The arcing ball I8 is a spherical structure, and is tightly embedded in the device body 6. The upper half of the space of the device body 6 constitutes a compression pipe, and the lower half of the space of the device body 6 constitutes a straight recoil pipe. The straight recoil pipe is a semi-enclosed space. The arcing ball III11 is a spherical structure, and the arcing ball III11 is embedded in the compression pipe 10, so that the compression pipe 10 is divided into two semi-enclosed spaces by the arcing ball III11.

[0055] When in use, the compression arc extinguishing lightning protection device is installed on the insulator string 2 on the low-voltage end 1 side, and the head end of the first section of the compression pipe 10 is electrically connected to the insulator string 2 on the low-voltage end 1 side; and the position of the compression arc extinguishing lightning protection device corresponds to the lower electrode 4 on the high-voltage end 3 side, with the middle being a flashover air channel. Through insulation coordination, the lightning overvoltage generated when lightning strikes the tower or lightning conductor preferentially breaks through the parallel channel protection insulator string 2, and the formed arc enters the recoil compression arc extinguishing lightning protection device, and the arc first enters the straight recoil tube;

[0056] The diameter of the device body 6 is smaller than the arc diameter. As the arc enters the device body 6, the arc's density, velocity, and temperature increase as it enters the recoil tube's starting point due to the confinement of the recoil tube wall. This increases the pressure within the tube, ultimately creating a compression effect. This causes the arc to experience elastic force at the bottom of the blocked recoil tube, causing a 180° change in direction. The arc, with its greater velocity, density, and pressure, rebounds back, creating a cavity effect at the entrance that acts on the outer arc, causing it to be interrupted at the end. At this point, the arc density within the device body 6 increases, and due to the airtight nature of the device body 6, the temperature within the tube rises instantaneously, creating a density and temperature difference between the interior and the outside world.

[0057] After the arc is recoiled, its energy is greatly reduced. The residual arc enters the compression pipe 10 in the upper part through the arc guide ball Ⅰ8 and is compressed. The temperature difference, density difference and pressure difference inside and outside form multi-point jet longitudinal blowing, which divides the arc into multiple breakpoints, realizes the arc interruption effect, and finally extinguishes the arc, ensuring that the arc is completely extinguished before the circuit breaker is opened, while protecting the insulator string 2 and avoiding the circuit breaker tripping.

[0058] Example 2:

[0059] The only difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that multiple metal rings 15 and small platforms 16 are installed in sequence from top to bottom in the lower half of the interior of the device body 6. The metal rings 15 are mounted on the small platforms 16, with their outer surfaces in close contact with the inner wall of the device body 6. One of the small platforms is installed above the recoil jet 7 at the bottom of the device body. The metal rings 15 are evenly spaced in the lower half of the space.

[0060] The outer diameter of the metal ring 15 is in close contact with the inner diameter of the device body 6, and its position is fixed by the small platform 16 to prevent the metal ring 15 from shifting during the recoil process; the metal conductivity of the metal ring 15 is used to ensure that the arc can smoothly enter the device body 6 to achieve the recoil function. At the same time, due to the large force at the outlet of the device body 6, the metal ring 15 can also play a role in protecting the outlet of the device body 6; not only is the metal ring 15 designed at the bottom outlet of the device body 6, but a metal ring 15 can also be designed at a certain distance throughout the entire device body 6 to ensure that the arc channel is controlled within the track we set.

[0061] Example 3:

[0062] This embodiment differs from Example 1 only in that the conductive connector is a tee. Two arc-guide balls II 14 are located within the tee 13. An air gap is provided between the two arc-guide balls II, and the length of the air gap is exactly the diameter of the radial tube of the tee 13. The radial tube openings of the tee 13 are in close contact with the inner wall of the device body, and corresponding compressed air injection channels are provided on the sidewalls of the device body.

[0063] The arc guide ball II 14 is a spherical structure. When the arc enters the tee pipe 13, the middle jet port of the tee pipe 13 forms a jet airflow to act on the arc, realizing horizontal blowing. Since the device includes the compression pipe 10 and the tee pipe 13, horizontal and vertical blowing of the arc can be achieved.

[0064] Example 4:

[0065] The only difference between this embodiment and Example 3 is that multiple metal rings 15 and small platforms 16 are installed in sequence from top to bottom in the lower half of the interior of the device body 6. The metal rings 15 are mounted on the small platforms 16, with their outer surfaces in close contact with the inner wall of the device body 6. One of the small platforms is installed above the recoil jet 7 at the bottom of the device body. The metal rings 15 are evenly spaced in the lower half of the space.

[0066] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit its implementation. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that other variations or modifications based on the above descriptions are possible. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all possible implementations here. Obvious variations or modifications arising therefrom remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A recoil-type compression arc extinguishing lightning protection device, comprising a straight cylindrical device body (6); the outer surface of the device body (6) is provided with a plurality of skirts (9); Its characteristics are: The interior of the device body (6) is hollow, and an arc guide ball I (8) is embedded in the device body (6). The arc guide ball I (8) divides the device body (6) into two spaces, and an arc extinguishing path composed of a plurality of compression pipes (10) arranged obliquely from top to bottom is provided in the upper half of the space; the lower half of the device body (6) is a recoil pipe forming a semi-enclosed space; The compression pipe (10) is provided with an arc guide ball III (11); the ends of two adjacent compression pipes are connected by a conductive connector, and the end of the last compression pipe is electrically connected to the arc guide ball I (8); A compressed air flow injection channel (12) is provided on the side wall of the device body corresponding to the end of the compression pipe (10), and a compressed air flow injection port (5) is correspondingly provided on the outer surface of the device body.

2. The recoil type compression arc extinguishing lightning protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of metal rings (15) and small platforms (16) are installed in sequence from top to bottom in the lower half of the space inside the device body (6); the metal rings are installed on the corresponding small platforms, and the outer surfaces of the metal rings (15) are in close contact with the inner wall surface of the device body (6), wherein one small platform is installed above the recoil jet port at the bottom of the device body (6).

3. The recoil type compression arc extinguishing lightning protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The metal rings (15) are arranged at equal intervals in the lower half of the space of the device body (6).

4. The recoil type compression arc extinguishing lightning protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive connecting piece is a wire, a metal sheet or a tee pipe.

5. The recoil type compression arc extinguishing lightning protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Two arc-guide balls II (14) are provided inside the three-way pipe (13); an air gap is provided between the two arc-shaped balls II, and the length of the air gap is exactly the diameter of the radial pipe of the three-way pipe (13).

6. The recoil type compression arc extinguishing lightning protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The radial pipe opening of the three-way pipe (13) is in close contact with the inner wall of the device body, and a corresponding compressed air flow injection channel is provided on the side wall of the device body.

7. The recoil type compression arc extinguishing lightning protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arc guide ball III (11) is arranged in the middle of the compression pipe (10).

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