Air filtration device, its filter element replacement method, and battery power system

Abstract

The present application provides an air filtration device, a method for replacing its air filter element, and a battery power system. The air filtration device includes an air duct (1) and a fuel cell air inlet (2). A filter element installation position for placing an air filter element (3) is provided between the air duct (1) and the fuel cell air inlet (2). An air filter element (3) is installed at the filter element installation position. The air filter element (3) is sealingly fitted with both the air duct (1) and the fuel cell air inlet (2). The air filtration device further includes a filter element replacement device, and the filter element replacement device includes a telescopic mechanism configured to push a new air filter element (3) into the filter element installation position. According to the air filtration device of the present application, automatic replacement of the filter element can be achieved, the convenience of filter element replacement can be improved, and the cost of filter element replacement can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to an air filtering device, a method for replacing a filter element thereof, and a battery power system. Background Art

[0002] A hydrogen fuel cell (also a proton exchange membrane fuel cell) is a device that directly converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy. It has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, environmental friendliness, low operating temperature, etc. It is a clean energy technology with great development prospects and has now become a research hotspot in many fields such as unmanned ships, unmanned aerial vehicles, DC microgrids, backup power supplies, and hydrogen energy battery vehicles.

[0003] Taking an unmanned ship as an example, unmanned ship equipment can perform tasks such as maritime supervision, water search and rescue, channel mapping, accident evidence collection, water pollution measurement, emergency handling of dangerous goods, and anti-pollution treatment. The traditional power system of an unmanned ship uses a single battery for power supply, and the endurance is very limited. Or an internal combustion engine is used as the power, and during environmental monitoring, the exhaust gas or oil pollution emitted by itself will affect the accuracy of water or air sampling. In the prior art, wind-solar complementary power supply is used to supply power to the battery, and the endurance is further improved, but it is still limited, and the wind-solar complementary power supply is greatly affected by the weather and has great uncertainty. Based on this, a hydrogen fuel cell is an ideal power supply for an unmanned ship.

[0004] Hydrogen fuel cells can be divided into two types: circulating water cooling (abbreviation: water cooling) and air cooling (abbreviation: air cooling). Among them, air-cooled fuel cells are more suitable for use in unmanned ships due to their simple structure and low self-power consumption (<5%). Generally, air is introduced into the cathode side of a hydrogen fuel cell. However, compared with the land, the marine environment is complex, the air is humid and contains salt mist and more other impurities, and the introduced air needs to be filtered. And unmanned ships generally have a long working cycle, and the filter element needs to be replaced after running for a period of time. Otherwise, the filtering efficiency becomes poor, causing irreversible damage to the hydrogen-air fuel cell. Different from unmanned equipment on land, there are no supply stations or very few stations for unmanned equipment at sea, and replacing the filter element will bring great inconvenience and additional costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide an air filtering device, a method for replacing a filter element thereof, and a battery power system, which can realize automatic replacement of the filter element, improve the convenience of filter element replacement, and reduce the filter element replacement cost.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present application provides an air filtration device. The air filtration device includes an air duct and a fuel cell air inlet. A filter element installation position for placing an air filter element is provided between the air duct and the fuel cell air inlet. An air filter element is installed at the filter element installation position, and the air filter element is in sealed cooperation with both the air duct and the fuel cell air inlet. The air filtration device further includes a filter element replacement device, and the filter element replacement device includes a telescopic mechanism configured to push a new air filter element into the filter element installation position.

[0007] Preferably, the filter element replacement device further includes a feeding mechanism configured to convey a new air filter element to the telescopic path of the telescopic mechanism.

[0008] Preferably, the feeding mechanism includes a cartridge and a support plate provided at the bottom of the cartridge. The cartridge has an opening at the bottom, and air filter elements are stacked inside the cartridge. A feeding gap is formed between the cartridge and the support plate, and the feeding gap is located on the telescopic path of the telescopic mechanism. The air filter element can enter the feeding gap from the opening at the bottom of the cartridge. The thickness of the feeding gap is H, and the thickness of the air filter element is H1, where H1 ≤ H < 2H1.

[0009] Preferably, the feeding mechanism includes a cartridge with an opening at the top, and air filter elements are stacked inside the cartridge. The feeding mechanism further includes a pushing device configured to push the air filter element from inside the cartridge to the telescopic path of the telescopic mechanism.

[0010] Preferably, a baffle is provided at the opening at the top of the cartridge. A feeding gap is formed between the baffle and the cartridge, and the feeding gap is located on the telescopic path of the telescopic mechanism. The air filter element can enter the feeding gap from the opening at the top of the cartridge. The thickness of the feeding gap is H, and the thickness of the air filter element is H1, where H1 ≤ H < 2H1.

[0011] Preferably, the telescopic mechanism includes a base, a telescopic part, and a pushing part. The telescopic part is installed on the base, and the pushing part is provided at the telescopic end of the telescopic part. The pushing part faces the side of the air filter element away from the filter element installation position and is configured to push the air filter element into the filter element installation position.

[0012] Preferably, the pushing part includes a pushing plate, and the structure of the side of the pushing plate facing the filter element installation position is adapted to the air filter element.

[0013] Preferably, the telescopic part includes a spring, a pull rope, and a driving motor. The spring is provided between the pushing part and the base. One end of the spring abuts against the pushing part, and the other end abuts against the base. One end of the pull rope is connected to the pushing part, and the other end is connected to the driving end of the driving motor. The spring is pulled back or released under the driving action of the driving motor. The spring is configured to apply an elastic force to the pushing part so that the pushing part pushes the air filter element to the filter element installation position.

[0014] Preferably, the filter element replacement device further includes a fuel cell tail gas recovery device, which can recover the tail gas of the fuel cell and transport the recovered tail gas to the air inlet of the fuel cell.

[0015] Preferably, the fuel cell tail gas recovery device includes an air inlet pipeline, an air outlet pipeline, a return air pipeline and an exhaust pipeline. The air inlet pipeline is connected to the inlet end of the fuel cell stack, the air outlet pipeline is connected to the outlet end of the fuel cell stack, the first end of the return air pipeline is connected to the air inlet pipeline, and the air outlet pipeline can be selectively communicated with the exhaust pipeline and the second end of the return air pipeline through a three-way valve.

[0016] Preferably, a check valve is provided on the return air pipeline to prevent the air flow from flowing from the air inlet pipeline to the air outlet pipeline.

[0017] According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a method for replacing the filter element of the above air filtration device, including:

[0018] Detecting whether the air filter element reaches the replacement condition;

[0019] When the air filter element reaches the replacement condition, controlling the telescopic mechanism of the filter element replacement device to drive the air filter element to move to the filter element installation position and replace the air filter element.

[0020] Preferably, the step of detecting whether the air filter element reaches the replacement condition includes:

[0021] Detecting whether the cumulative working time of the air filter element reaches a preset time;

[0022] If the preset time is reached, it is determined that the replacement condition is reached;

[0023] After the air filter element is replaced, the cumulative time is reset to zero.

[0024] Preferably, the step of detecting whether the air filter element reaches the replacement condition includes:

[0025] Detecting whether the air quality filtered by the air filter element is qualified;

[0026] If the air quality is unqualified, it is determined that the replacement condition is reached.

[0027] Preferably, the step of controlling the telescopic mechanism of the filter element replacement device to drive the air filter element to move to the filter element installation position and replace the air filter element includes:

[0028] Pushing the new air filter element onto the telescopic path of the telescopic mechanism;

[0029] Controlling the telescopic mechanism to extend and pushing the new air filter element towards the filter element installation position;

[0030] After the new air filter reaches the filter installation position, control the telescopic mechanism to retract.

[0031] Preferably, the step of controlling the telescopic mechanism to extend and push the new air filter towards the filter installation position includes:

[0032] Control the drive motor to rotate in the first direction, release the pull rope to a preset length, so that the new air filter is pushed out through the pusher under the action of the spring;

[0033] After the new air filter reaches the filter installation position, the step of controlling the telescopic mechanism to retract includes:

[0034] After the new air filter reaches the filter installation position, control the drive motor to rotate in the second direction opposite to the first direction, wind up the pull rope to a preset length, and pull the spring and the pusher back to the pusher position through the pull rope.

[0035] Preferably, the filter replacement method further includes:

[0036] Detect whether the fuel cell stack starts to work;

[0037] When the fuel cell stack starts to work, turn on the fuel cell tail gas recovery device;

[0038] Control the return air pipe to communicate with the air outlet pipe, so that the tail gas of the air outlet pipe converges with the air flow of the air inlet pipe through the return air pipe and enters the fuel cell stack;

[0039] Detect whether the fuel cell stack reaches a preset temperature;

[0040] When it is detected that the fuel cell stack reaches the preset temperature, turn off the fuel cell tail gas recovery device, so that the return air pipe is not communicated with the air outlet pipe, the air outlet pipe is communicated with the exhaust pipe, and the tail gas of the air outlet pipe is discharged through the exhaust pipe.

[0041] According to another aspect of the present application, a battery power system is provided, including an air filtering device, and the air filtering device is the above-mentioned air filtering device.

[0042] The air filtration device provided by this application includes an air duct and a fuel cell air inlet. There is a filter element installation position for placing an air filter element between the air duct and the fuel cell air inlet. An air filter element is installed at the filter element installation position, and the air filter element is in sealing cooperation with both the air duct and the fuel cell air inlet. The air filtration device further includes a filter element replacement device, and the filter element replacement device includes a telescopic mechanism configured to push a new air filter element into the filter element installation position. The air filtration device of this application is provided with a filter element replacement device, which can realize the automatic replacement of the air filter element by the telescopic action of the telescopic structure of the filter element replacement device. It has a simple structure and is easy to implement, which can effectively improve the convenience of filter element replacement and reduce the cost of filter element replacement. Description of the Drawings

[0043] Figure 1 It is a top view structure diagram of the air filtration device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 2 It is a structure diagram of the air filtration device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 3 It is a structure diagram of the air filtration device according to another embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the fuel cell according to an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 5 It is a structure diagram of the fuel cell tail gas recovery device of the air filtration device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 6 It is the first control flow chart of the filter element replacement method of the air filtration device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 7 It is the second control flow chart of the filter element replacement method of the air filtration device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 8 It is the control flow chart of the fuel cell tail gas recovery device of the air filtration device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0051] The reference numerals are shown as:

[0052] 1. Air duct; 2. Fuel cell air inlet; 3. Air filter element; 4. Cartridge; 5. Pallet; 6. Driving motor; 7. Air quality detection device; 8. Exhaust fan; 9. Air intake pipe; 10. Fuel cell stack; 11. Air outlet pipe; 12. Return air pipe; 13. Outer discharge pipe; 14. Base; 15. Pusher plate; 16. Spring; 17. Pulling rope. Detailed Embodiments

[0053] Referring to Figures 1 to 5 As shown, according to an embodiment of the present application, the air filtration device includes an air duct 1 and a fuel cell air inlet 2. A filter element installation position for placing an air filter element 3 is provided between the air duct 1 and the fuel cell air inlet 2. The air filter element 3 is installed at the filter element installation position and is in sealing cooperation with both the air duct 1 and the fuel cell air inlet 2. The air filtration device further includes a filter element replacement device, and the filter element replacement device includes a telescopic mechanism configured to push a new air filter element 3 into the filter element installation position.

[0054] For the air filtration device of the present application, a filter element replacement device is added, which can realize the automatic replacement of the air filter element 3 by the telescopic action of the telescopic mechanism of the filter element replacement device. The structure is simple and easy to implement, which can effectively improve the convenience of filter element replacement and reduce the filter element replacement cost. In this embodiment, only by adjusting the telescopic position of the telescopic mechanism, the telescopic action of the telescopic mechanism can be used to push the air filter element 3 to the filter element installation position, and at the same time, the telescopic action of the telescopic mechanism can be used to push the old air filter element 3 out of the filter element installation position to realize the replacement of the air filter element 3. Therefore, the required structure is less, the required energy consumption is less, the structure is simple, and no large parasitic power will be brought, which can improve the energy utilization rate of the filter element replacement device.

[0055] The filter element replacement device further includes a feeding mechanism configured to convey a new air filter element 3 to the telescopic path of the telescopic mechanism. The feeding mechanism can convey the new air filter element 3 to the telescopic path of the telescopic mechanism, so that the new air filter element can be pushed to the filter element installation position under the telescopic action of the telescopic mechanism to realize the installation and replacement of the filter element.

[0056] The telescopic direction of the telescopic mechanism, the filter element pushing position of the feeding mechanism, and the filter element installation position are located on a straight line, so that the telescopic mechanism, the filter element pushing position, and the filter element installation position form a three-point-one-line structure, which can effectively ensure the accuracy of the filter element replacement and installation operation.

[0057] In one embodiment, the feeding mechanism includes a cartridge 4 and a support plate 5 provided at the bottom of the cartridge 4. The lower part of the cartridge 4 is open, and the air filter elements 3 are stacked in the cartridge 4. A feeding gap is formed between the cartridge 4 and the support plate 5, and the feeding gap is located on the telescopic path of the telescopic mechanism. The air filter element 3 can enter the feeding gap from the lower opening of the cartridge 4. The thickness of the feeding gap is H, and the thickness of the air filter element 3 is H1, where H1 ≤ H < 2H1.

[0058] In this embodiment, a plurality of air filters 3 are stored in the cartridge 4. Therefore, the replacement of the air filters 3 can be achieved for a relatively long time, improving the durability of the air filtration device. The bottom of the cartridge 4 in this embodiment is open, and then the air filter 3 is supported by a support plate 5 arranged at the bottom, so that the air filter 3 can slide out of the cartridge 4 under the action of gravity and be carried on the support plate 5. At the same time, it can be located on the telescopic path of the telescopic mechanism, enabling automatic feeding operation of the air filter 3. The structure is simple, easy to implement, and has a low cost, without the need for a separate feeding structure.

[0059] In order to avoid the air filter 3 being exposed to the air and being contaminated when the air filter 3 does not need to be replaced, which affects the working performance of the air filter 3, in this embodiment, the support plate 5 can move up and down and can enter the cartridge 4 from the lower opening of the cartridge 4 to block the lower opening of the cartridge 4, providing effective protection for the air filter 3 located in the cartridge 4. When the feeding operation needs to be performed, the support plate 5 can be controlled to descend to a preset position. At this time, the air filter 3 will descend with the support plate 5 and reach the filter pushing position to cooperate with the feeding mechanism for feeding.

[0060] Defining H1 ≤ H < 2H1 can ensure that only one air filter 3 will be pushed out to the filter installation position by the telescopic action of the telescopic mechanism, avoiding the thickness of the feeding gap being too large and causing two air filters 3 to be simultaneously transported to the feeding gap, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the filter transportation.

[0061] In order to ensure the sealing performance of the support plate 5 for the cartridge 4, preferably, a sealing ring is arranged on the circumferential side of the support plate 5, enabling annular sealing between the support plate 5 and the inner wall of the cartridge 4, and preventing external humid air or dust from entering the cartridge 4 to contaminate the air filter 3.

[0062] In another embodiment, the feeding mechanism includes a cartridge 4 with an upper opening. Air filters 3 are stacked inside the cartridge 4. The feeding mechanism further includes a pushing device configured to push the air filters 3 from inside the cartridge 4 onto the telescopic path of the telescopic mechanism. In this embodiment, since the air filters 3 need to be pushed from above the cartridge 4 onto the telescopic path of the telescopic mechanism, it is impossible to achieve automatic discharging by relying on the self-weight of the air filters 3. At this time, an auxiliary discharging structure needs to be added. For example, a screw driving mechanism with a motor and a screw can be added to push the air filters 3 out of the cartridge 4, or a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder can be used to push the air filters 3 out of the cartridge 4. The single extension length of the screw, hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder should be the thickness of one air filter 3, or slightly greater than the thickness of the air filter 3. The feeding control of the feeding mechanism can be linked to the replacement signal of the air filter 3. Only when receiving the replacement signal of the air filter 3 will the feeding mechanism send the air filter 3 upward by a preset distance, which is convenient for cooperation with the telescopic mechanism to achieve the replacement operation of the air filter 3.

[0063] In another embodiment, when the upper part of the cartridge 4 is open, an elastic mechanism can also be provided at the bottom of the cartridge 4. The elastic mechanism provides an elastic effect on the air filters 3 located inside the cartridge 4, causing the air filters 3 to move upward to the filter pushing position. At this time, in order to ensure the accuracy of the filter pushing position, a baffle is provided at the upper opening of the cartridge 4. A feeding gap is formed between the baffle and the cartridge 4. The feeding gap is located on the telescopic path of the telescopic mechanism. The air filters 3 can enter the feeding gap from the upper opening of the cartridge 4. The thickness of the feeding gap is H, and the thickness of the air filter 3 is H1, where H1 ≤ H < 2H1. The baffle can limit the upward position of the air filters 3, preventing the elastic mechanism from pushing out too many air filters 3 from the cartridge 4, and ensuring that only one air filter 3 is pushed into the feeding gap from the cartridge 4 each time, improving the accuracy and reliability of feeding.

[0064] In one embodiment, the telescopic mechanism includes a base 14, a telescopic part, and a pushing part. The telescopic part is installed on the base 14, and the pushing part is provided at the telescopic end of the telescopic part. The pushing part faces the side of the air filter 3 away from the filter installation position and is configured to push the air filter 3 into the filter installation position.

[0065] The pushing part includes a pushing plate 15. The structure of the side of the pushing plate 15 facing the filter installation position is adapted to the air filter 3. In this embodiment, since the outer peripheral wall of the air filter 3 is circular, the side of the pushing plate 15 facing the air filter 3 has an arc-shaped groove that matches the outer peripheral wall of the air filter 3. This can ensure that the air filter 3 is stably held in the groove of the pushing plate 15 during the process of pushing the air filter 3, without any position deviation, and guarantee the accuracy of the conveying position of the air filter 3.

[0066] The telescopic part includes a spring 16, a pull rope 17 and a drive motor 6. The spring 16 is arranged between the material pushing part and the base 14. One end of the spring 16 abuts against the material pushing part, and the other end abuts against the base 14. One end of the pull rope 17 is connected to the material pushing part, and the other end is connected to the driving end of the drive motor 6. Under the driving action of the drive motor 6, the spring 16 is pulled back or released. The spring 16 is configured to apply an elastic force to the material pushing part so that the material pushing part pushes the air filter element 3 to the filter element installation position.

[0067] When it is necessary to push the air filter element 3 to the filter element installation position, the drive motor 6 can be controlled to slowly release the pull rope 17 at a certain rate. Due to the elastic action of the spring 16, the release of the pull rope 17 enables the material pushing part to slowly push out towards the filter element installation position under the elastic action of the spring 16, thus ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the installation and replacement of the air filter element 3, and avoiding the problem that the air filter element 3 cannot accurately reach the filter element installation position due to the rapid ejection of the spring 16.

[0068] After the replacement and installation of the air filter element 3 are completed, the drive motor 6 can be controlled to reverse, so that the pull rope 17 contracts. The pull rope 17 overcomes the elastic force of the spring 16, causing the spring 16 to contract, and then driving the material pushing part to retract to the filter element pushing position to continue the next feeding operation.

[0069] In order to avoid the adverse influence of the gravity of the material pushing part and the spring 16 on the feeding direction, the base 14 includes a bottom plate extending along the direction close to the material cylinder 4. The material pushing part is arranged on the bottom plate and can slide along the bottom plate, thus effectively offsetting the adverse influence brought by the gravity of the material pushing part and effectively ensuring the accuracy of the movement direction of the material pushing part.

[0070] The above telescopic mechanism can also be directly realized by a telescopic cylinder or a screw rod pushing mechanism, as long as the automatic replacement of the air filter element 3 can be realized through the telescopic action.

[0071] The air filtering device further includes an air quality detection device 7. The air quality detection device 7 is used to detect the air filtered by the air filter element 3. The drive motor 6 drives the release of the pull rope 17 according to the detection result of the air quality detection device 7, so that the new air filter element 3 is pushed into the filter element installation position under the extension action of the telescopic mechanism, and the old air filter element 3 is pushed out of the filter element installation position under the extension action of the telescopic mechanism.

[0072] The filter element replacement device further includes a controller. The air quality detection device 7 and the drive motor 6 are both communicatively connected to the controller. The controller can obtain the air quality after filtration detected by the air quality detection device 7 and compare this air quality with the set air quality. When the air quality does not reach the set air quality, it indicates that the filtering capacity of the air filter element 3 has decreased and can no longer meet the air filtration requirements, and replacement is needed. At this time, the controller can control the drive motor 6 to control the release of the pull rope 17, so that the telescopic mechanism can replace the air filter element 3 located at the filter element installation position, ensuring that the air filter element 3 can play an effective filtering role.

[0073] A number of air quality detection devices 7 are arranged below the air filter element 3. Each air quality detection device 7 is a point for measuring air quality, and the air quality is monitored in real time. As long as the air quality at one of the points does not meet the standard (the evaluation criteria are: the concentrations of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides should be equal to or higher than the daily average third-level standard defined in GB 3095-1996. The concentrations of carbon oxides, hydrocarbons and water vapor should be equal to or higher than the following requirements: CO2 concentration ≤ 0.5×10 -6 、CO concentration ≤ 1.0×10 -5 、hydrocarbon concentration ≤ 0.5×10 -6 , and the filtering effect on particles larger than 0.3μm needs to be > 98%), the drive motor 6 can be controlled to drive the rotating shaft 5 to rotate rapidly, and a new air filter element 3 is used to replace the filter element that has reached the working life. The theoretical distances between the air duct 1, the air filter element 3 and the fuel cell air inlet 2 are relatively close, sufficient to achieve a good filtering effect.

[0074] A blower 8 is installed at the fuel cell air inlet 2, which can create a negative pressure at the fuel cell air inlet 2, causing the air at the air duct 1 to be inhaled through the fuel cell air inlet 2 after being filtered by the air filter 3. The external air reaches the air filter 3 through the air duct 1, and the air is filtered by the air filter 3 and enters the fuel cell stack through the fuel cell air inlet 2 to participate in the electrochemical reaction and then generate electricity. After the air filter 3 has worked for a certain time T (usually it can operate for 500 h under urban conditions, T = 500 * k, where k is the relative coefficient of the actual working condition and the urban working condition, 0 ≤ k ≤ 2. The more severe the environment, the closer the k value is to 0. Generally, the k value approaches 1, and the k value approaches 2 in areas with better air quality), the filtering effect deteriorates. The signal is transmitted to the drive motor 6 by controlling the connecting wire of the motor, and the drive motor 6 releases the drawstring 17, so that the elastic force of the spring 16 can be released, and the pushing part can be pushed out, and then a new air filter 3 is used to replace the filter element that has reached the working life. The filter element of the air filter 3 contains two parts: one is the fiber filter material: the non-uniformly arranged fiber material can effectively filter particles above 0.3 μm and does not generate too much resistance to the air flow. The other is the chemical filtration part: specifically, by using activated carbon (Van der Waals force) to capture gas molecules, and then the pollutants react with the chemical components on the material to generate solid components or harmless gases.

[0075] The filter element replacement device further includes a fuel cell tail gas recovery device, which can recover the tail gas of the fuel cell and transport the recovered tail gas to the fuel cell air inlet 2. The fuel cell tail gas recovery device can use the tail gas generated by the reaction of the fuel cell stack 10 to adjust the reaction temperature of the fuel cell stack 10, reduce the working load of the air filter 3, and slow down the aging of the air filter.

[0076] The fuel cell tail gas recovery device includes an air inlet pipe 9, an air outlet pipe 11, a return air pipe 12 and an exhaust pipe 13. The air inlet pipe 9 is connected to the inlet end of the fuel cell stack 10, the air outlet pipe 11 is connected to the outlet end of the fuel cell stack 10, the first end of the return air pipe 12 is connected to the air inlet pipe 9, and the air outlet pipe 11 can be selectively connected to the exhaust pipe 13 and the second end of the return air pipe 12 through a three-way valve. Among them, the air inlet pipe 9 is connected to the hydrogen-air fuel cell air inlet 2.

[0077] A one-way valve is provided on the return air pipe 12 to prevent the air flow from flowing from the air inlet pipe 9 to the air outlet pipe 11.

[0078] External air is diverted through the air duct 1, filtered by the air filter 3 to obtain clean air, and then enters the stack interior through the air inlet 2 of the hydrogen-air fuel cell. Generally, about 20% of the gas participates in the reaction, and about 80% of the gas is used as the cooling gas to dissipate heat from the stack. However, at the initial stage of the operation of the hydrogen-air fuel cell, since the degree of electrochemical reaction is relatively low at this time and the generated heat is very little, the temperature of the stack is relatively low at this time. In this case, the air tail gas can be recycled and introduced into the air inlet duct 9 through the air outlet duct 11 and the three-way valve. Due to the existence of the exhaust fan 8, a relatively large flow rate can be provided for the air flow entering the air inlet duct 9, so an ejector effect can be formed to eject the tail gas at the air outlet duct 11 into the air inlet duct 9. After converging with the air flow in the air inlet duct 9, it enters the stack. At this time, the main function of the air is to participate in the reaction.

[0079] The main components of the air tail gas are unreacted oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor, and liquid water. Firstly, this can reduce the pressure of the filter element filtration. Secondly, the temperature of the tail gas is slightly higher than that of the air at the inlet, and it can also make the stack reach the rated working temperature faster (for a hydrogen-air fuel cell using air cooling, the rated working temperature is generally about 60 °C). Moreover, the tail gas contains more moisture, and recycling and utilization are beneficial to the humidification of the battery, which is conducive to the mass transfer and charge transfer inside the battery, and improves the output power of the fuel cell (for a small unmanned boat, it is generally 200 - 1 KW, and the output power of a slightly larger one is expected to reach 2 - 5 KW). When the control system monitors that the stack temperature rises to the ideal value (about 60 °C), the three-way valve is controlled to make the tail gas start to be discharged externally through the exhaust duct 13. At this time, the main function of the tail gas is to dissipate heat.

[0080] Combined with reference to Figures 6 to 8 As shown, according to the embodiment of the present application, the method for replacing the filter element of the above air filtration device includes: detecting whether the air filter 3 reaches the replacement condition; when the air filter 3 reaches the replacement condition, controlling the telescopic mechanism of the filter element replacement device to drive the air filter 3 to move to the filter element installation position to replace the air filter 3.

[0081] The step of detecting whether the air filter 3 reaches the replacement condition includes: detecting whether the cumulative working time of the air filter 3 reaches the preset time; if it reaches the preset time, it is determined that the replacement condition is reached; after the air filter 3 is replaced, the cumulative time is reset to zero.

[0082] The step of detecting whether the air filter 3 reaches the replacement condition includes: detecting whether the air quality filtered by the air filter 3 is qualified; if the air quality is unqualified, it is determined that the replacement condition is reached.

[0083] The steps of controlling the telescopic mechanism of the filter element replacement device to drive the air filter element 3 to move to the filter element installation position for replacing the air filter element 3 include: pushing the new air filter element 3 onto the telescopic path of the telescopic mechanism; controlling the telescopic mechanism to extend and push the new air filter element 3 towards the filter element installation position; when the new air filter element 3 reaches the filter element installation position, controlling the telescopic mechanism to retract.

[0084] The steps of controlling the telescopic mechanism to extend and push the new air filter element 3 towards the filter element installation position include: controlling the driving motor 6 to rotate in the first direction, releasing the pull rope 17 to a preset length, so that the new air filter element 3 is pushed out through the pushing part under the action of the spring 16; when the new air filter element 3 reaches the filter element installation position, the steps of controlling the telescopic mechanism to retract include: when the new air filter element 3 reaches the filter element installation position, controlling the driving motor 6 to rotate in the second direction opposite to the first direction, winding up the pull rope 17 to a preset length, and pulling the spring 16 and the pushing part back to the pushing position through the pull rope 17.

[0085] The filter element replacement method further includes: detecting whether the fuel cell stack 10 starts to work; when the fuel cell stack 10 starts to work, turning on the fuel cell tail gas recovery device; controlling the return air pipe 12 to communicate with the air outlet pipe 11, so that the tail gas of the air outlet pipe 11 converges with the air flow of the air inlet pipe 9 through the return air pipe 12 and enters the fuel cell stack 10; detecting whether the fuel cell stack 10 reaches a preset temperature; when it is detected that the fuel cell stack reaches the preset temperature, turning off the fuel cell tail gas recovery device, so that the return air pipe 12 is not communicated with the air outlet pipe 11, and the air outlet pipe 11 is communicated with the exhaust pipe, and the tail gas of the air outlet pipe is discharged through the exhaust pipe.

[0086] According to an embodiment of the present application, the battery power system includes an air filtering device, and this air filtering device is the above-mentioned air filtering device.

[0087] The battery power system of the present application is particularly applicable to marine unmanned devices, such as unmanned boats, etc.

[0088] It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that, on the premise of no conflict, the above-mentioned advantageous ways can be freely combined and superimposed.

[0089] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application. The above is only the preferred implementation manner of the present application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present application, several improvements and modifications can still be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A battery-powered system for an unmanned marine vessel, comprising an air filtration device, characterized in that, The air filtration device includes an air duct (1) and a fuel cell air inlet (2). There is a filter element installation position for placing an air filter element (3) between the air duct (1) and the fuel cell air inlet (2). An air filter element (3) is installed at the filter element installation position. The air filter element (3) is in sealing cooperation with both the air duct (1) and the fuel cell air inlet (2). The air filtration device further includes a filter element replacement device, and the filter element replacement device includes a telescopic mechanism configured to push a new air filter element (3) into the filter element installation position. The filter element replacement device further includes a feeding mechanism configured to convey a new air filter element (3) to the telescopic path of the telescopic mechanism. The feeding mechanism includes a cartridge (4) and a support plate (5) provided at the bottom of the cartridge (4). The cartridge (4) has an opening at the bottom. The air filter elements (3) are stacked in the cartridge (4). A feeding gap is formed between the cartridge (4) and the support plate (5), and the feeding gap is located on the telescopic path of the telescopic mechanism. The telescopic mechanism includes a base (14), a telescopic part, and a pushing part. The telescopic part is installed on the base (14), and the pushing part is provided at the telescopic end of the telescopic part. The pushing part faces the side of the air filter element (3) away from the filter element installation position and is configured to push the air filter element (3) into the filter element installation position. The telescopic direction of the telescopic mechanism, the filter element pushing position of the feeding mechanism, and the filter element installation position are on a straight line. The pushing part includes a pushing plate (15), and the structure of the side of the pushing plate (15) facing the filter element installation position is adapted to the air filter element (3). The telescopic part includes a spring (16), a pulling rope (17), and a driving motor (6). The spring (16) is provided between the pushing part and the base (14). One end of the spring (16) abuts against the pushing part, and the other end abuts against the base (14). One end of the pulling rope (17) is connected to the pushing part, and the other end is connected to the driving end of the driving motor (6). Under the driving action of the driving motor (6), the spring (16) is pulled back or released. The spring (16) is configured to apply an elastic force to the pushing part so that the pushing part pushes the air filter element (3) to the filter element installation position.

2. The battery-powered system according to claim 1, wherein The air filter element (3) can enter the feeding gap from the opening at the bottom of the cartridge (4). The thickness of the feeding gap is H, and the thickness of the air filter element (3) is H1, where H1 ≤ H < 2H1.

3. The battery power system according to claim 2, wherein The feeding mechanism includes a cartridge (4) with an opening at the top. The air filter elements (3) are stacked in the cartridge (4). The feeding mechanism further includes a pushing device configured to push the air filter element (3) from the cartridge (4) to the telescopic path of the telescopic mechanism.

4. The battery power system according to claim 3, wherein A baffle is provided at the upper opening of the barrel (4). A feeding gap is formed between the baffle and the barrel (4). The feeding gap is located on the telescopic path of the telescopic mechanism. The air filter element (3) can enter the feeding gap from the upper opening of the barrel (4). The thickness of the feeding gap is H, and the thickness of the air filter element (3) is H1, where H1 ≤ H < 2H1.

5. The battery-powered system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The filter element replacement device further includes a fuel cell tail gas recovery device, which can recover the tail gas of the fuel cell and transport the recovered tail gas to the fuel cell air inlet (2).

6. The battery-powered system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fuel cell tail gas recovery device includes an air inlet pipe (9), an air outlet pipe (11), a return air pipe (12) and an exhaust pipe (13). The air inlet pipe (9) is connected to the inlet end of the fuel cell stack (10). The air outlet pipe (11) is connected to the outlet end of the fuel cell stack. The first end of the return air pipe (12) is connected to the air inlet pipe (9). The air outlet pipe (11) can be selectively communicated with the exhaust pipe (13) and the second end of the return air pipe (12) through a three-way valve.

7. The battery power system according to claim 6, wherein A one-way valve is provided on the return air pipe (12) to prevent the air flow from flowing from the air inlet pipe (9) to the air outlet pipe (11).

8. A method for replacing the filter element of a battery-powered system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Including: Detecting whether the air filter element (3) reaches the replacement condition; When the air filter element (3) reaches the replacement condition, controlling the telescopic mechanism of the filter element replacement device to drive the air filter element (3) to move to the filter element installation position to replace the air filter element (3).

9. The filter element replacement method according to claim 8, wherein, The steps of detecting whether the air filter element (3) reaches the replacement condition include: Detecting whether the cumulative working time of the air filter element (3) reaches a preset time; If the preset time is reached, it is determined that the replacement condition is reached; After the replacement of the air filter element (3) is completed, the cumulative time is reset to zero.

10. The filter element replacement method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The steps of detecting whether the air filter element (3) reaches the replacement condition include: Detecting whether the air quality filtered by the air filter element (3) is qualified; If the air quality is unqualified, it is determined that the replacement condition is reached.

11. The filter element replacement method according to claim 8, wherein The steps of controlling the telescopic mechanism of the filter element replacement device to drive the air filter element (3) to move to the filter element installation position to replace the air filter element (3) include: Pushing a new air filter element (3) onto the telescopic path of the telescopic mechanism; Controlling the telescopic mechanism to extend and pushing the new air filter element (3) towards the filter element installation position; When the new air filter element (3) reaches the filter element installation position, controlling the telescopic mechanism to retract.

12. The filter element replacement method according to claim 11, wherein, The steps of controlling the telescopic mechanism to extend and pushing the new air filter element (3) towards the filter element installation position include: Controlling the drive motor (6) to rotate in the first direction, releasing the pull rope (17) to a preset length, so that the new air filter element (3) is pushed out by the pushing part under the action of the spring (16); When the new air filter element (3) reaches the filter element installation position, the steps of controlling the telescopic mechanism to retract include: After the new air filter element (3) reaches the filter element installation position, control the drive motor (6) to rotate in a second direction opposite to the first direction, wind up the pull rope (17) to a preset length, and pull back the spring (16) and the pushing part to the pushing position through the pull rope (17).

13. The filter element replacement method according to claim 11, wherein The filter element replacement method further includes: detecting whether the fuel cell stack (10) starts to work; when the fuel cell stack (10) starts to work, turning on the fuel cell tail gas recovery device; controlling the return air pipe (12) to communicate with the air outlet pipe (11), so that the tail gas of the air outlet pipe (11) converges with the air flow of the air inlet pipe (9) through the return air pipe (12) and enters the fuel cell stack (10); detecting whether the fuel cell stack (10) reaches a preset temperature; when it is detected that the fuel cell stack reaches the preset temperature, turning off the fuel cell tail gas recovery device, so that the return air pipe (12) is not communicated with the air outlet pipe (11), the air outlet pipe (11) is communicated with the exhaust pipe, and the tail gas of the air outlet pipe is discharged through the exhaust pipe.

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