Vegetable seedling raising and sowing machine and sowing method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a vegetable seedling sowing machine and a sowing method thereof, comprising a machine body, a seed box, a seed row tube, a seed separation area, a driving component, a seeder and an auxiliary device, the seed box is fixedly connected to the top of the machine body, a plurality of seed row tubes are fixedly connected to the bottom of the seed box at intervals, the seed separation area is fixedly connected to the bottom of the seed row tube, the driving component is mounted on the machine body at one side of the seed separation area, the seeder is mounted on the machine body below the seed separation area, and the auxiliary device is mounted in the seeder. The present invention has the advantages of quickly separating seeds without damage and accurately arranging them for sowing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment, in particular to a vegetable seedling raising and sowing machine and a sowing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Seedling cultivation is an important measure to bring vegetables to the market earlier and increase yields. It also has the benefits of seizing the season, expanding the planting area, economical use of land, and facilitating seedling management. Today's seedling cultivation is to place seeds in a special seedling tray and place them in a greenhouse for cultivation to achieve the cultivation of vegetable seedlings. In order to improve the utilization rate of seeds and maximize the amount of vegetables cultivated, one seed is placed in a seed pit. Compared with placing multiple seeds in a seed pit, the yield of vegetables cultivated by one bag of seeds is increased by about 40%.

[0003] However, in order to increase the sowing speed, the existing sowing equipment rotates too fast, which causes great friction damage to the seed shell, thereby reducing the seed germination rate. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing sowing equipment to reduce damage to the seeds. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a vegetable seedling raising and sowing machine and a sowing method thereof to overcome the defects in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a vegetable seedling seeder, including a body, a seed box, a seed row tube, a seed separation area, a driving component, a seeder and an auxiliary device, the seed box is fixedly connected to the top of the body, a plurality of seed row tubes are fixedly connected to the bottom of the seed box at intervals, the seed separation area is fixedly connected to the bottom of the seed row tube, the driving component is mounted on the body on one side of the seed separation area, the seeder is mounted on the body below the seed separation area, and the auxiliary device is mounted in the seeder, wherein the seeder includes an outer shell, an inner shell and an inner cylinder, the outer shell is fixedly connected to the body, a plurality of seed entry holes are spaced apart at the upper end of the outer shell, and the seed entry holes are communicated with the seed separation area; a plurality of seeding holes are spaced apart at the lower end of the outer shell, the inner shell is rotatably connected to the outer shell, the outer wall of the inner shell abuts against the inner wall of the outer shell, the inner cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner shell, a plurality of support rods are inserted into the inner cylinder at intervals, a seed disk is fixedly connected to one end of the support rod, and the inner shell rotates so that the open end of the seed disk is communicated with the seed entry hole and the seeding hole respectively.

[0006] As a further explanation of the present invention, preferably, the auxiliary device includes a fixed rod and a cam rod, both ends of the fixed rod are fixedly connected to the outer shell, the axis of the fixed rod coincides with the axis of the inner tube, the cam rod is fixedly connected to the lower end of the fixed rod, and the cam rod abuts against the support rod to make the seed disc extend out of the sowing hole.

[0007] As a further illustration of the present invention, preferably, a limit spring is sleeved on the outer end of the support rod, and both ends of the limit spring are respectively fixedly connected to the inner cylinder and the seed disc.

[0008] As a further illustration of the present invention, preferably, a spherical guide surface is fixedly connected to the other end of the support rod, the end of the cam rod is an acute-angle arc surface, and the guide surface abuts against the cam rod.

[0009] As a further explanation of the present invention, preferably, the seed discharging tube is two side-by-side pipes, the seed separation area is a U-shaped shell, the bottom of the seed discharging tube extends into the seed separation area, the bottom of the seed discharging tube is located at both ends of the length direction of the seed separation area and seed outlet holes are opened, and the output end of the driving component extends into the seed outlet hole.

[0010] As a further explanation of the present invention, preferably, the driving component includes a roller, a convex tooth, a propulsion rod and a reset spring, the roller is rotatably connected to the body on one side of the seed separation area, a plurality of convex teeth are fixedly connected to the roller at intervals, two rows of convex teeth with the smallest intervals form a group, the spacing between a group of convex teeth is the same as the spacing between the axes of the seeding tube, and a group of convex teeth are not located on the same vertical plane; the propulsion rod is slidably connected to the body on one side of the seed separation area, the axis direction of the propulsion rod is vertical, one end of the propulsion rod is in contact with the convex tooth, and the other end of the propulsion rod passes through the seed outlet hole and extends into the seed separation area, the reset spring is sleeved on the propulsion rod, one end of the reset spring is fixedly connected to the propulsion rod, and the other end of the reset spring is fixedly connected to the body.

[0011] As a further illustration of the present invention, preferably, a seed groove is provided at the bottom of the seed separation area, and the length direction of the seed groove is the same as the length direction of the seed separation area; a spherical push ball is fixedly connected to one end of the push rod extending into the seed outlet hole, and the push ball is embedded in the seed groove.

[0012] As a further explanation of the present invention, preferably, the seed separation area is fixedly connected with an arc-shaped seed blocking plate on the side away from the pushing ball, the seed blocking plate is located outside the seed outlet hole and its height is higher than the top surface of the seed separation area, and a seed guide tube is fixedly connected to the lower end of the seed blocking plate, and the bottom of the seed guide tube is located directly above the seed entry hole.

[0013] The present invention also provides a sowing method of a vegetable seedling raising and sowing machine, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Ⅰ. Pour a bag of vegetable seeds evenly into the seed box. The seeds flow into the seed tube under the action of gravity. At this time, the seeds at the bottom fall into the seed slot on the seed separation area;

[0015] Ⅱ. Start the first servo motor and the second servo motor to rotate the roller, the inner shell and the inner cylinder. The first encoder and the second encoder record the rotation speed of the roller and the inner shell respectively and transmit the data to the control unit. The convex teeth on the roller rotate to abut against the push rod. Because the positions of the convex teeth are different, the two push rods in a group of convex teeth move along the axis direction. The push ball pushes the seeds in the two seed slots into the seed guide tube alternately, so that the seeds fall into the seed entry hole under the action of gravity.

[0016] III. When the seed separation hole on the inner shell rotates to coincide with the seed entry hole, the seeds fall into the seed tray. At this time, the inner shell continues to rotate, and the seeds remain stably in the seed tray under the limit of the outer shell until the seed tray rotates to the bottom of the outer shell;

[0017] IV. When the seed tray rotates to the bottom of the housing, the guide surface contacts the cam rod. At this time, under the push of the cam rod, the support rod pushes the seed tray out of the sowing hole, so that the seeds can completely fall out of the seed tray, ensuring the accurate sowing of individual seeds;

[0018] Ⅴ. When the control unit determines through the data fed back by the first encoder and the second encoder that the time difference between the rotation of the roller and the inner shell exceeds the set value, the control unit controls the change of the rotation speed of the first servo motor or the second servo motor to make the time difference between the rotation of the roller and the inner shell within the set value, thereby ensuring that the seeds can pass into the adjacent row of seed trays.

[0019] As a further explanation of the present invention, preferably, a belt is rotatably connected to the body directly below the seeder, a culture tray is placed on the belt, and a matrix of holes is opened on the culture tray. Every time the seed tray rotates to the sowing hole, the belt drives the culture tray to move one grid so that the empty hole is located directly below the sowing hole.

[0020] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The present invention not only effectively separates bagged seeds individually by arranging the driving components and the seeder, but also can arrange the seeds to achieve simultaneous sowing of multiple seeds, thereby improving the sowing efficiency; at the same time, mechanical vibration is used to ensure that the seeds can fall completely, thereby avoiding clogging of the pipeline and effectively achieving continuous sowing of seeds; and a push ball is used for pushing without any friction or striking, thereby ensuring that the sown seeds have a complete appearance and are not damaged in order to avoid reducing the seedling rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a front view of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is a rear view of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 is a top view of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A magnified view of middle;

[0026] Figure 5 It is the structural diagram of the seeding area of ​​the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 sectional view of the seeder of the present invention

[0028] Figure 7It is a structural diagram of the auxiliary device of the present invention.

[0029] Description of reference numerals:

[0030] 1. Machine body; 11. First servo motor; 12. Second servo motor; 13. First encoder; 14. Second encoder; 2. Seed box; 3. Seed discharge tube; 31. Seed outlet hole; 4. Seed sorting area; 41. Seed slot; 42. Seed baffle plate; 43. Seed guide tube; 5. Driving component; 51. Roller; 52. Protruding teeth; 53. Propelling rod; 54. Reset spring; 55. Push ball; 6. Seeder; 61. Outer shell; 62. Inner shell; 63. Inner cylinder; 64. Support rod; 65. Seed tray; 66. Limit spring; 67. Seed inlet hole; 68. Seed sorting hole; 69. Seeding hole; 7. Auxiliary device; 71. Fixed rod; 72. Cam rod; 73. Guide surface; 8. Culture tray; 9. Belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to further understand the structure, features and other purposes of the present invention, the preferred embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows. The embodiments described in the drawings are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0032] A vegetable seedling sowing machine, combined with Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 7 , including a body 1, a seed box 2, a seed discharge tube 3, a seed separation area 4, a driving component 5, a seeder 6 and an auxiliary device 7. The seed box 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the body 1, a plurality of seed discharge tubes 3 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the seed box 2 at intervals, the seed separation area 4 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the seed discharge tube 3, the driving component 5 is mounted on the body 1 on one side of the seed separation area 4, the seeder 6 is mounted on the body 1 below the seed separation area 4, and the auxiliary device 7 is mounted in the seeder 6.

[0033] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3The machine body 1 is a steel metal frame bracket. A control unit is provided on one side of the machine body 1. A controller such as a PLC or a single chip microcomputer is provided in the control unit. The seed box 2 is a slender hollow shell. The top of the seed box 2 is open for pouring seeds. The seeding tube 3 is a cylindrical pipe. A seeding tube 3 may be temporarily blocked and cannot achieve high-speed seeding. In order to prevent the seeding machine from relying solely on gravity to cause missed sowing during sowing, the seeding tube 3 is configured to be composed of two parallel pipes. The inner diameter of each pipe is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the seed, so that only one seed can pass through; the seeding tube 3 is vertical in length, the top of the seeding tube 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the seed box 2 and communicates with the seed box 2, and the bottom of the seeding tube 3 extends into the seeding area 4. The seeding area 4 is a U-shaped shell. The outer diameter of the seeding area 4 is larger than the outer diameter of the seed to prevent the seed from being stuck between the seeding tube 3 and the seeding area 4; the bottom of the seeding tube 3 is located at both ends of the length direction of the seeding area 4 and is provided with seed outlet holes 31 so that the seeds can pass radially outside the seeding tube 3. A seed groove 41 is provided at the bottom of the seed separation area 4. The length direction of the seed groove 41 is the same as the length direction of the seed separation area 4. The width of the seed groove 41 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the seed, so as to accommodate the seeds and limit the movement of the seeds to the two sides of the seed separation area 4, thereby ensuring that the driving component 5 can push the seeds to move; the output end of the driving component 5 extends into the seed outlet hole 31.

[0034] Combination Figure 4 , Figure 5 The driving component 5 includes a roller 51, a convex tooth 52, a propulsion rod 53 and a reset spring 54. The roller 51 is rotatably connected to the machine body 1 on one side of the seed separation area 5. A first servo motor 11 is provided on one side of the machine body 1. The first servo motor 11 is rotatably connected to the roller 51 so that the roller 51 can rotate; a first encoder 13 is provided on the other side of the machine body 1. The first encoder 13 is rotatably connected to the roller 51, and the first encoder 13 is electrically connected to the control unit; a plurality of convex teeth 52 are fixedly connected to the roller 51 at intervals, and the cross section of the convex teeth 52 is a quarter arc shape, and the arc seedlings face the rotation direction of the roller 51; the two rows of convex teeth 5 with the smallest intervals are fixedly connected to the roller 51. 2 is a group, the spacing of a group of convex teeth 52 is the same as the spacing between the axes of the seed discharge tube 3, and a group of convex teeth 52 are not located on the same vertical plane; the push rod 53 is slidably connected to the body 1 on one side of the seed separation area 4, the axis direction of the push rod 53 is vertical, one end of the push rod 53 can abut against the convex teeth 52, and the other end of the push rod 53 passes through the seed outlet hole 31 and extends into the seed separation area 4, the return spring 54 is sleeved on the push rod 53, one end of the return spring 54 is fixedly connected to the push rod 53, and the other end of the return spring 54 is fixedly connected to the body 1, and the end of the push rod 53 extending into the seed outlet hole 31 is fixedly connected with a spherical push ball 55, and the push ball 55 is embedded in the seed groove 41.

[0035] Combination Figure 4 , Figure 5When sowing is required, bagged and boxed seeds are uniformly poured into the seed box 2 along the length direction of the seed box 2. At this time, the seeds fall into the seed discharging tube 3 under the action of gravity, and multiple stacked seeds can be simultaneously placed through the longer pipe of the seed discharging tube 3, so as to achieve preliminary single seed separation. Then the seeds fall into the seed separation area 4 and into the seed groove 41. At this time, under the restriction of the seed outlet hole 31, only one seed is exposed. Then the servo motor 11 on the roller 51 is started, and the roller 51 rotates to make the convex teeth 52 gradually contact with the push rod 53 to push the push rod 53 into the seed separation area 4, and the push ball 55 contacts with the seeds and pushes the seeds out of the seed groove 41. When the convex teeth 52 rotate to not contact with the push rod 53, the reset spring 54 pulls the push rod 53 back to its original position, and the push ball 55 resets to make the upper seeds fall, and the above steps are repeated to achieve the separation of single seeds. The intermittent pushing is achieved by the contacting and pushing of the convex teeth 52, so as to avoid the high-speed rotating roller directly contacting with the seeds and damaging the seeds due to the speed difference. The push ball 55 has a rounded surface, and does not produce large friction when contacting with the seeds, further avoiding seed damage, and at the same time, the movement direction of the seeds is stabilized under the limit of the seed groove 41.

[0036] Combination Figure 4 , Figure 5 Due to the specificity of the structure of the convex teeth 52 and the roller 51, the push rod 53 is suddenly reset under the elastic potential energy of the reset spring 54 when it is not in contact with the convex teeth 52, and a large vibration is generated at this time, in which part of the vibration energy is offset by the reset of multiple groups of push rods 53, and the remaining vibration energy is transmitted to the seed box 2 and the seed tube 3. Under the action of vibration, the seeds in the seed box 2 and the seed tube 3 can be moved, and the vibration can clear the seed tube 3, avoiding the blockage of the seed tube 3, ensuring that the seeds in the seed box 2 can fall into the seed tube 3, and at the same time, the vibration energy is not enough to damage the seeds, ensuring the integrity of the seeds. A vacuum cover can be covered on the outside of the machine body 1 to prevent the noise generated by the vibration from being transmitted outward and reduce the noise pollution generated when the equipment is running.

[0037] Combination Figure 5 , Figure 6 The seed separation area 4 is fixedly connected with an arc-shaped seed blocking plate 42 on the side away from the push ball 55. The seed blocking plate 42 is located outside the seed outlet hole 31 and is higher than the top surface of the seed separation area 4 to prevent the push ball 55 from being pushed out of the seed separation area 4. The lower end of the seed blocking plate 42 is fixedly connected with a seed guide tube 43, and the bottom of the seed guide tube 43 is located just above the seeder 6 to accurately guide the seeds into the seeder 6.

[0038] Combination Figure 6 , Figure 7The seeder 6 includes an outer shell 61, an inner shell 62 and an inner tube 63. The outer shell 61 is a columnar pipe. The thickness of the outer shell 61 is greater than the outer diameter of the seeds. The axial direction of the outer shell 61 is the same as the distribution direction of the seed separation area 4. The outer shell 61 is fixed to the body 1. A plurality of seed entry holes 67 are arranged at intervals at the upper end of the outer shell 61. The seed entry holes 67 are connected to the seed separation area 4 through the seed guide tube 43. Combined with the thickness of the outer shell 61, the seed entry holes 67 can play a role of preliminary storage; a plurality of seeding holes 69 are arranged at intervals at the lower end of the outer shell 61; the inner shell 62 is also a columnar pipe, and a seed separation hole 68 is opened on the inner shell 62. The outer diameter of the inner shell 62 is equal to that of the outer shell The inner diameter of the shell 61, the inner shell 62 is rotatably connected in the outer shell 61, a second servo motor 12 is provided on one side of the body 1, and the inner shell 62 is rotatably connected to the second servo motor 12; so that the inner shell 62 can rotate; a second encoder 14 is provided on the other side of the body 1, the second encoder 14 is rotatably connected to the inner shell 62, and the second encoder 14 is electrically connected to the control unit; the outer wall of the inner shell 62 abuts against the inner wall of the outer shell 61, the inner cylinder 63 is fixedly connected in the inner shell 62, and a plurality of support rods 64 are inserted at intervals on the inner cylinder 63, and the support rods 64 are radially distributed, and one end of the support rod 64 is fixedly connected to a seed disk 65, which is a conical disk.

[0039] Combination Figure 6 , Figure 7 After the seeds fall into the seed entry hole 67, the inner shell 62 rotates to cause the support rod 54 and the seed plate 65 to rotate simultaneously. When the seed plate 65 coincides with the seed entry hole 67, the seeds enter the seed plate 65 and move to the sowing hole 69 when the seed plate 65 rotates, so that the seeds flow out of the outer shell 61 through the sowing hole 69. Since the sowing holes 69 are spaced apart along the length direction of the outer shell 61, the seeds can fall in a whole row. With the continuous rotation of the inner shell 62, the continuous sowing of a single seed in a whole row can be realized.

[0040] Combination Figure 6 , Figure 7 The auxiliary device 7 includes a fixed rod 71 and a cam rod 72. Both ends of the fixed rod 71 are fixedly connected to the outer shell 61. The axis of the fixed rod 71 coincides with the axis of the inner cylinder 62. The cam rod 72 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the fixed rod 71. The cam rod 72 abuts against the support rod 65 to allow the seed disc 65 to extend out of the sowing hole 69; the outer end of the support rod 65 is sleeved with a limiting spring 66, and the two ends of the limiting spring 66 are respectively fixedly connected to the inner cylinder 63 and the seed disc 65. The end of the support rod 65 away from the seed disc 65 is fixedly connected with a spherical guide surface 73, and the end of the cam rod 72 is an acute-angled arc surface, and the guide surface 73 abuts against the cam rod 72; the auxiliary device 7 is set so that when the support rod 64 moves to the sowing hole 69, the cam rod 72 abuts against the guide surface 73 to pass the support rod 64 and the seed disc 65 through the seed separation hole 68 and the sowing hole 69, so as to avoid the problem of seed being stuck in the seed separation hole 68 and the sowing hole 69 and causing missed sowing.

[0041] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2A belt 9 is rotatably connected to the body 1 just below the seeder 6, and a culture tray 8 is placed on the belt 9. The culture tray 8 is provided with a matrix of holes. Every time the seed tray 65 rotates to the sowing hole 69, the belt 9 drives the culture tray 8 to move one grid so that the empty hole is located just below the sowing hole 69, so that the culture tray 8 is filled with seeds without manual sowing, thereby improving the sowing efficiency. At the same time, the seeder 6 is arranged to effectively buffer the falling rate of the seeds to prevent the seeds from flying out of the culture tray 8 when they come into contact with the culture tray, thereby ensuring that the seeds can stably fall into the culture tray 8.

[0042] The present invention also provides a sowing method of a vegetable seedling raising and sowing machine, comprising the following steps:

[0043] Ⅰ. Pour a bag of vegetable seeds evenly into the seed box 2. Under the action of gravity, the seeds flow into the seed tube 3. At this time, the seeds at the bottom fall into the seed slot 41 on the seeding area 4;

[0044] Ⅱ. Start the servo motor 11 to rotate the roller 51, the inner shell 62 and the inner cylinder 63, and the convex teeth 52 on the roller 51 rotate to abut against the push rod 53. Since the positions of the convex teeth 52 are different, the two push rods 53 in a group of convex teeth 52 move along the axial direction, and the push ball 55 pushes the seeds in the two seed grooves 41 into the seed guide tube 43 alternately, so that the seeds fall into the seed entry hole 67 under the action of gravity;

[0045] III. When the seeding hole 68 on the inner shell 62 rotates to coincide with the seeding hole 67, the seeds fall into the seeding plate 65. At this time, the inner shell 62 continues to rotate, and the seeds are stably retained in the seeding plate 65 under the limit of the outer shell 61 until the seeding plate 65 rotates to the bottom of the outer shell 61;

[0046] IV. When the seed tray 65 rotates to the bottom of the housing 61, the guide surface 73 abuts against the cam rod 72. At this time, under the push of the cam rod 72, the support rod 64 pushes the seed tray 65 out of the sowing hole 69, so that the seeds can completely fall out of the seed tray 65, ensuring accurate sowing of a single seed;

[0047] V. When the control unit determines through the data fed back by the first encoder 13 and the second encoder 14 that the time difference in the rotation of the roller 51 and the inner shell 62 exceeds the set value, the control unit controls the change of the rotation speed of the first servo motor 11 or the second servo motor 12 to make the time difference in the rotation of the roller 51 and the inner shell 62 within the set value, thereby ensuring that the seeds can pass into the adjacent row of seed trays 65.

[0048] According to the above-mentioned sowing equipment and method, two similar sowing equipments available on the market are selected to sow the cultivation tray 8 of the same capacity. Compared with the existing sowing equipment, the sowing speed is 30s faster than the fastest equipment. Then 100 sowing tests were carried out. For the two existing equipments, 11 and 20 trays had leaks in 100 trays, that is, there were empty holes in the cultivation tray 8, while the present equipment had 2 trays with leaks, and the sowing full tray rate was extremely high. Moreover, the seed breakage rate of the existing equipment reached 5%, while the breakage rate of the present equipment was less than 1%. In comparison, the equipment provided by the present application is higher than the equipment of the prior art in all indicators. At the same time, the manufacturing cost is reduced by about 100,000 yuan compared with the cost of the two purchased sowing equipments, and the cost of removing the vacuum cover is further reduced, which effectively reduces the cost of the cultivation base and improves the sowing efficiency, killing two birds with one stone.

[0049] It should be noted that the above invention content and specific implementation methods are intended to demonstrate the practical application of the technical solution provided by the present invention and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications, equivalent substitutions or improvements within the spirit and principles of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A vegetable seedling sowing machine, characterized in that: The invention comprises a machine body (1), a seed box (2), a seed discharging tube (3), a seed separation area (4), a driving component (5), a seeder (6) and an auxiliary device (7), wherein the seed box (2) is fixedly connected to the top of the machine body (1), a plurality of seed discharging tubes (3) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the seed box (2) at intervals, the seed separation area (4) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the seed discharging tube (3), the driving component (5) is mounted on the machine body (1) on one side of the seed separation area (4), the seeder (6) is mounted on the machine body (1) below the seed separation area (4), and the auxiliary device (7) is mounted in the seeder (6), wherein: The seed discharging tube (3) is two pipes arranged side by side, the seed discharging area (4) is a U-shaped shell, the bottom of the seed discharging tube (3) extends into the seed discharging area (4), the bottom of the seed discharging tube (3) is provided with seed discharging holes (31) at both ends in the length direction of the seed discharging area (4), and the output end of the driving component (5) extends into the seed discharging hole (31); The driving component (5) comprises a roller (51), convex teeth (52), a push rod (53) and a reset spring (54); the roller (51) is rotatably connected to the machine body (1) on one side of the seed sorting area (4); a plurality of convex teeth (52) are fixedly connected to the roller (51) at intervals; two rows of convex teeth (52) with the smallest intervals form a group; the interval between a group of convex teeth (52) is the same as the interval between the axes of the seed dispensing tube (3); and a group of convex teeth (52) are not located on the same vertical plane; The advancing rod (53) is slidably connected to the machine body (1) on one side of the seed separation area (4); the axial direction of the advancing rod (53) is vertical; one end of the advancing rod (53) abuts against the convex tooth (52); the other end of the advancing rod (53) passes through the seed outlet hole (31) and extends into the seed separation area (4); a return spring (54) is sleeved on the advancing rod (53); one end of the return spring (54) is fixedly connected to the advancing rod (53); and the other end of the return spring (54) is fixedly connected to the machine body (1); A seed groove (41) is provided at the bottom of the seed separation area (4), and the length direction of the seed groove (41) is the same as that of the seed separation area (4); a spherical push ball (55) is fixedly connected to one end of the push rod (53) extending into the seed outlet hole (31), and the push ball (55) is embedded in the seed groove (41); an arc-shaped seed blocking plate (42) is fixedly connected to the side of the seed separation area (4) away from the push ball (55), the seed blocking plate (42) is located outside the seed outlet hole (31) and has a height higher than the top surface of the seed separation area (4), and a seed guide tube (43) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the seed blocking plate (42), and the bottom of the seed guide tube (43) is located directly above the seed inlet hole (67); The seeder (6) comprises an outer shell (61), an inner shell (62) and an inner cylinder (63). The outer shell (61) is fixedly connected to the machine body (1). The upper end of the outer shell (61) is provided with a plurality of seed inlet holes (67) at intervals, and the seed inlet holes (67) are communicated with the seed separation area (4). The lower end of the outer shell (61) is provided with a plurality of seeding holes (69) at intervals. The inner shell (62) is rotatably connected to the outer shell (61). The outer wall of the inner shell (62) abuts against the inner wall of the outer shell (61). The inner cylinder (63) is fixedly connected to the inner shell (62). A plurality of support rods (64) are inserted at intervals on the inner cylinder (63). One end of the support rod (64) is fixedly connected to a seeding disk (65). The inner shell (62) rotates so that the open end of the seeding disk (65) is communicated with the seed inlet hole (67) and the seeding hole (69) respectively. The auxiliary device (7) comprises a fixed rod (71) and a cam rod (72). Both ends of the fixed rod (71) are fixedly connected to the outer shell (61). The axis of the fixed rod (71) coincides with the axis of the inner cylinder (63). The end of the cam rod (72) is an acute-angle arc surface. The cam rod (72) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the fixed rod (71). The cam rod (72) abuts against the support rod (64) so ​​that the seed disc (65) extends out of the seeding hole (69).

2. A vegetable seedling raising and seeding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer end of the support rod (64) is sleeved with a limit spring (66), and the two ends of the limit spring (66) are respectively fixedly connected to the inner cylinder (63) and the seed plate (65).

3. A vegetable seedling raising and seeding machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The other end of the support rod (64) is fixedly connected with a spherical guide surface (73), the end of the cam rod (72) is an acute-angle arc surface, and the guide surface (73) abuts against the cam rod (72).

4. The sowing method of a vegetable seedling raising and sowing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Ⅰ. Pour a bag of vegetable seeds evenly into the seed box (2), and the seeds flow into the seed tube (3) under the action of gravity. At this time, the seeds at the bottom fall into the seed slot (41) on the seeding area (4); II. Start the first servo motor (11) and the second servo motor (12) to rotate the roller (51), the inner shell (62) and the inner cylinder (63), and the first encoder (13) and the second encoder (14) respectively record the rotation speed of the roller (51) and the inner shell (62) and transmit the data to the control unit; the convex teeth (52) on the roller (51) rotate to abut against the push rod (53), and because the positions of the convex teeth (52) are different, the two push rods (53) in a group of convex teeth (52) move along the axial direction, and the push ball (55) pushes the seeds in the two seed grooves (41) alternately into the seed guide tube (43), so that the seeds fall into the seed entry hole (67) under the action of gravity; III. When the seeding hole (68) on the inner shell (62) rotates to coincide with the seeding hole (67), the seeds fall into the seeding plate (65). At this time, the inner shell (62) continues to rotate, and the seeds are stably retained in the seeding plate (65) under the limit of the outer shell (61) until the seeding plate (65) rotates to the bottom of the outer shell (61); IV. When the seed tray (65) rotates to the bottom of the housing (61), the guide surface (73) abuts against the cam rod (72). At this time, under the push of the cam rod (72), the support rod (64) pushes the seed tray (65) out of the sowing hole (69), so that the seeds can completely fall out of the seed tray (65), ensuring accurate sowing of a single seed; V. When the control unit determines through the data fed back by the first encoder (13) and the second encoder (14) that the time difference between the rotation of the roller (51) and the inner shell (62) exceeds a set value, the control unit controls the change of the rotation speed of the first servo motor (11) or the second servo motor (12) so that the time difference between the rotation of the roller (51) and the inner shell (62) is within the set value, thereby ensuring that the seeds can pass into the adjacent row of seed trays (65).

5. The sowing method of a vegetable seedling raising and sowing machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: A belt (9) is rotatably connected to the body (1) directly below the seeder (6), a culture tray (8) is placed on the belt (9), and a matrix of holes is opened on the culture tray (8). Every time the seed tray (65) rotates to the seeding hole (69), the belt (9) drives the culture tray (8) to move one grid, so that the empty hole is located directly below the seeding hole (69).

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