A proximal femoral intramedullary nail

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of medical devices, and discloses a proximal femoral nail, which comprises a main nail, a fixing nail and an adjusting piece; the main nail has a proximal end, and the proximal end of the main nail is provided with a first through hole for the fixing nail to pass through; the fixing nail is arranged in the first through hole and can rotate in the first through hole; the fixing nail is provided with a through hole or a groove penetrating through both sides of the fixing nail, the adjusting piece is arranged in the through hole or the groove, and both ends of the adjusting piece protrude from the outer side wall of the fixing nail. When the fixing nail has defects of insufficient anteversion or excessive anteversion, the position of the fixing nail is rotated and the adjusting piece is arranged to compensate for the defects of insufficient anteversion or excessive anteversion of the fixing nail, so that time-consuming and labor-consuming repeated operations and damage to the bone structure caused by the poor position of the fixing nail can be avoided, the operation is simple, the fault tolerance is high, X-ray exposure is small, the operation efficiency is high, and the proximal femoral nail is suitable for fixing various types of proximal femoral fractures.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a proximal femoral intramedullary nail. BACKGROUND

[0002] The intramedullary nail is a commonly used device for internal fixation in orthopedics, which has the advantages of stable control of the axial force line of the fracture site, prevention of rotational deformity of the fracture, and reduction of the risk of implant fracture, and is widely used in the treatment of femoral fractures. The existing intramedullary nail structure includes a main nail fixed inside the femoral shaft and a fixation nail inclined through the proximal end of the main nail, the fixation nail is used to insert into the inside of the femoral neck and connect the fracture site, fix the fracture site and perform the next treatment work.

[0003] At present, during the insertion of the intramedullary nail into the femur, the human femur is wrapped by soft tissues such as skin, muscle and tendon, and it is difficult to directly observe and place the intramedullary nail at the best position (generally the geometric center axis) of the femoral fracture site with the naked eye, so an X-ray camera is needed to shoot the human femur and assist the insertion of the intramedullary nail into the femur. However, although the X-ray camera is used, the main nail and the fixation nail are still subject to the operation error of the doctor, which can easily cause the fixation nail to be not in a satisfactory position of the femoral fracture site, and the fixation nail needs to be pulled out and reinserted into the femoral neck. Since the X-ray camera is used to shoot every time the fixation nail is inserted into the femur, the human body is frequently exposed to X-rays, which can cause certain harm. In addition, the repeated pulling out and inserting of the fixation nail can also cause great damage to the femur of the elderly patient. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a new proximal femoral intramedullary nail, which can effectively compensate for the poor position of the fixation nail, has a high fault tolerance, avoids time-consuming and labor-intensive repeated operations, reduces X-ray exposure, shortens the operation time and improves the operation efficiency.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a proximal femoral intramedullary nail, which comprises a main nail, a fixation nail and an adjusting member; the main nail has a proximal end, and the proximal end of the main nail is provided with a first through hole for the fixation nail to pass through;

[0006] The fixation nail is arranged in the first through hole and can rotate in the first through hole; the fixation nail is provided with a through hole or a groove penetrating through both sides thereof, the adjusting member is arranged in the through hole or the groove, and both ends of the adjusting member protrude from the outer side wall of the fixation nail.

[0007] Further, the adjusting member is arranged obliquely relative to the central axis of the fixation nail.

[0008] Further, the included angle between the adjusting member and the central axis of the fixation nail is 5°-7°.

[0009] Further, the adjusting member is a screw or a blade.

[0010] Further, an angle between a central axis of the first through hole and a central axis of the proximal end of the main nail is 45°-70°.

[0011] Further, the main nail further comprises a locking nail, and the distal end of the main nail is provided with a second through hole for the locking nail to pass through.

[0012] Further, the proximal end of the main nail and the distal end of the main nail are arranged at an angle, and an angle between the proximal end of the main nail and the distal end of the main nail is 160°-175°.

[0013] Further, the main nail further comprises a limiting nail, and the proximal end of the main nail is provided with a limiting hole arranged along a central axis of the proximal end and communicated with the first through hole, and the limiting nail is arranged in the limiting hole and the end of the limiting nail abuts against a side wall of the fixing nail.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the proximal femoral intramedullary nail has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] The proximal femoral intramedullary nail is arranged as follows: the fixing nail is arranged in the first through hole of the main nail and is rotatable in the first through hole, the adjusting member is arranged in the perforation or the groove of the fixing nail and the two ends of the adjusting member protrude from the outer side wall of the fixing nail when the fixing nail is rotated to the most appropriate angle, and the position of the fixing nail is rotated and the adjusting member is arranged when the fixing nail has defects of insufficient anteversion or excessive anteversion to compensate for the defects of insufficient anteversion or excessive anteversion of the fixing nail. For example, when the anteversion is insufficient, the fixing nail is rotated so that the perforation or the groove arranged on the fixing nail is located in front of the femoral neck and the adjusting member is arranged; when the anteversion is excessive, the fixing nail is rotated so that the perforation or the groove arranged on the fixing nail is located behind the femoral neck and the adjusting member is arranged. The purpose is to make the fixing nail and the adjusting member become one and compensate for the defects of insufficient anteversion or excessive anteversion of the fixing nail. The time-consuming and labor-consuming repeated operation and the damage to the bone structure caused by the poor position of the fixing nail can be avoided, the operation is simple, the fault tolerance is high, the X-ray exposure is small, the operation efficiency is high, and the proximal femoral intramedullary nail is suitable for various types of proximal femoral fractures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a front view of the proximal femoral intramedullary nail of the present application;

[0017] Figure 2 is a side view of the proximal femoral intramedullary nail of the present application;

[0018] In the figure, 1 is a main nail, 11 is a proximal end, 12 is a distal end, 2 is a fixing nail, 3 is an adjusting member, 4 is a limiting nail, and 5 is a locking nail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The specific embodiments of the present application will be further described in details in connection with the drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.

[0020] In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0021] In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second", etc. can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0022] In the present application, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting", "fixing" and the like should be broadly understood, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrated; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] In the present application, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, the first feature "above" or "below" the second feature can include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, the first feature "above", "above" and "above" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature "below", "below" and "below" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0024] As Figures 1-2As shown, the proximal femoral intramedullary nail of the preferred embodiment of the present application comprises a main nail 1, a fixing nail 2, and an adjusting piece 3; the main nail 1 has a proximal end 11, and the proximal end 11 of the main nail 1 is provided with a first through hole for the fixing nail 2 to pass through; the fixing nail 2 is arranged in the first through hole and can rotate freely in the first through hole; the fixing nail 2 is provided with a through hole or a groove penetrating through both sides of the fixing nail 2, and the adjusting piece 3 is arranged in the through hole or the groove, and both ends of the adjusting piece 3 protrude out of the outer side wall of the fixing nail 2.

[0025] Since the positioning of the intramedullary nail in the femur is a three-dimensional space positioning, when the fixing nail 2 is on the central axis of the frontal projection of the femur (as shown in Figure 1 , the fixing nail 2 will still appear insufficient anteversion or excessive anteversion on the lateral projection of the femur (as shown in Figure 2 , so it is difficult to accurately position the intramedullary nail in the femur once.

[0026] The first through hole is a circular through hole, which can just pass through the fixing nail 2 and make the fixing nail 2 rotate freely in the first through hole. The main nail 1 and the fixing nail 2 are respectively circular tubular structures, the first through hole is arranged on the side wall of the main nail 1, the fixing nail 2 passes through the first through hole and can rotate freely in the first through hole, after the fixing nail 2 is rotated to the appropriate angle, the adjusting piece 3 is arranged in the through hole or the groove of the fixing nail 2, and both ends of the adjusting piece 3 protrude out of the outer side wall of the fixing nail 2; when the fixing nail 2 appears insufficient anteversion or excessive anteversion, the position of the fixing nail 2 is rotated and the adjusting piece 3 is arranged to compensate for the insufficient anteversion or excessive anteversion of the fixing nail 2. For example, when the anteversion is insufficient, the fixing nail 2 is rotated so that the through hole or the groove arranged on the fixing nail 2 is located in front of the femoral neck and the adjusting piece 3 is arranged; when the anteversion is excessive, the fixing nail 2 is rotated so that the through hole or the groove arranged on the fixing nail 2 is located behind the femoral neck and the adjusting piece 3 is arranged; the purpose is to make the fixing nail 2 and the adjusting piece 3 become one and compensate for the insufficient anteversion or excessive anteversion of the fixing nail 2. It can avoid the time-consuming and laborious repeated operation and the damage to the bone structure when the position of the fixing nail 2 is not good, the operation is simple, the fault tolerance is high, the X-ray exposure is less, and the operation efficiency is high.

[0027] Further, according to whether the through hole or the groove is arranged on the fixing nail 2, the adjusting piece 3 is correspondingly selected as a screw or a blade. When the through hole penetrating through both sides of the fixing nail 2 is arranged, the adjusting piece 3 is selected as a screw, the screw passes through the through hole and makes both ends of the screw protrude out of the outer side wall of the fixing nail 2. Referring to Figure 1 , the central axis of the screw and the central axis of the fixing nail 2 are arranged obliquely, specifically, the through hole is a slant hole structure, when the fixing nail 2 appears insufficient anteversion or excessive anteversion, the position of the fixing nail 2 is rotated and the adjusting piece 3 is arranged to compensate for the insufficient anteversion or excessive anteversion of the fixing nail 2. In addition, when the groove penetrating through both sides of the fixing nail 2 is arranged, the adjusting piece 3 is selected as a blade, and the length direction of the blade is arranged obliquely with the central axis of the fixing nail 2.

[0028] Further, referring to Figure 2 , according to the structural shape and size of the general femur, the error range of the doctor for the insufficient or excessive anteversion of the fixed nail 2 is 5°-7°, therefore the included angle α of the adjusting member 3 and the central axis of the fixed nail 2 is 5°-7°, so that the fixed nail 2 obtains a satisfactory anteversion in the femoral neck.

[0029] Further, referring to Figure 1 , due to the γ-shaped structure of the femur, the main nail 1 or the fixed nail 2 is arranged obliquely to each other, therefore the included angle β of the central axis of the first through hole and the central axis of the proximal end 11 of the main nail 1 is 45°-70°, so that the intramedullary nail has universality.

[0030] Further, referring to Figure 1 , the proximal femoral intramedullary nail further comprises a locking nail 5; the distal end 12 of the main nail 1 is provided with a second through hole for the locking nail 5 to pass through. The locking nail 5 can be but is not limited to a screw, and the number of the locking nail 5 can be but is not limited to two, and the two locking nails 5 are respectively arranged in the distal end 12 of the main nail 1, so that the main nail 1 is firmly fixed in the femur and does not displace.

[0031] Preferably, according to the structural shape of the human femur, the proximal end 11 of the main nail 1 and the distal end 12 of the main nail 1 are arranged at an angle, and the included angle γ of the proximal end 11 of the main nail 1 and the distal end 12 of the main nail 1 can be selected as 160°-175°.

[0032] Further, the proximal femoral intramedullary nail further comprises a limiting nail 4; the proximal end 11 of the main nail 1 is provided with a limiting hole arranged along the central axis and communicated with the first through hole, and the limiting nail 4 is arranged in the limiting hole and the end thereof abuts against the side wall of the fixed nail 2. The limiting nail 4 can be but is not limited to a bolt, and one end of the limiting nail 4 is arranged in the limiting hole and abuts against the side wall of the fixed nail 2, so as to limit the rotation of the adjusting member 3 and the fixed nail 2 after the adjusting member 3 and the fixed nail 2 are fixed as a whole.

[0033] In summary, the proximal femoral intramedullary nail provided by the embodiment of the present application has the following advantages: the fixation nail 2 is arranged in the first through hole of the main nail 1 and is rotatable in the first through hole, and after the fixation nail 2 is rotated to the most suitable angle, the adjusting member 3 is arranged in the through hole or the groove of the fixation nail 2 and protrudes from the outer side wall of the fixation nail 2 at two ends; when the fixation nail 2 has the defects of insufficient anteversion or excessive anteversion, the position of the fixation nail 2 is rotated and the adjusting member 3 is arranged to compensate for the defects of insufficient anteversion or excessive anteversion of the fixation nail 2; when the anteversion is insufficient, the fixation nail 2 is rotated so that the through hole or the groove arranged on the fixation nail 2 is located in front of the femoral neck and the adjusting member 3 is arranged; when the anteversion is excessive, the fixation nail 2 is rotated so that the through hole or the groove arranged on the fixation nail 2 is located behind the femoral neck and the adjusting member 3 is arranged; the purpose is to make the fixation nail 2 and the adjusting member 3 become one and compensate for the defects of insufficient anteversion or excessive anteversion of the fixation nail 2; the time-consuming and labor-consuming repeated operation and the damage to the bone structure when the position of the fixation nail 2 is not good can be avoided, the operation is simple, the fault tolerance is high, the X-ray exposure is small, the operation efficiency is high, and the proximal femoral fracture of various types can be fixed.

[0034] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "exemplary embodiment", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the exemplary description of the above terms does not necessarily mean the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0035] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and purposes of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A proximal femoral intramedullary nail, characterized in that: It includes a main nail, a fixing nail, and an adjusting member; the main nail has a proximal end, and the proximal end of the main nail has a first through hole for the fixing nail to pass through; The fixing pin is inserted into the first through hole and is rotatable within the first through hole; the fixing pin has a through hole or groove extending through both sides therethrough, the adjusting member is inserted into the through hole or the groove, and both ends of the adjusting member protrude from the outer side wall of the fixing pin respectively, and the adjusting member is inclined relative to the central axis of the fixing pin. The angle between the adjusting member and the central axis of the fixing nail is 5° to 7°. When the fixation pin is under-tilted, rotate the fixation pin so that the perforation or groove on the fixation pin is located in front of the femoral neck and insert the adjusting member, so that the fixation pin and the adjusting member become one to compensate for the insufficient anti-tilting of the fixation pin; when the fixation pin is over-tilted, rotate the fixation pin so that the perforation or groove on the fixation pin is located behind the femoral neck and insert the adjusting member, so that the fixation pin and the adjusting member become one to compensate for the excessive anti-tilting of the fixation pin.

2. The proximal femoral intramedullary nail as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The adjusting element is a screw or a blade.

3. The proximal femoral intramedullary nail as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the central axis of the first through hole and the central axis of the proximal end of the master nail is 45° to 70°.

4. The proximal femoral intramedullary nail as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a locking pin; the end of the main pin away from its proximal end is the distal end, and the distal end of the main pin has a second through hole through which the locking pin passes.

5. The proximal femoral intramedullary nail as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The proximal end and the distal end of the master nail are set at an angle, and the included angle between the proximal end and the distal end of the master nail is 160° to 175°.

6. The proximal femoral intramedullary nail as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a limiting pin; the proximal end of the main pin is provided with a limiting hole that is arranged along its central axis and communicates with the first through hole, the limiting pin passes through the limiting hole and its end abuts against the side wall of the fixing pin.

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