A metal hydride heat storage and heating system for electric vehicles

Abstract

The present invention discloses a metal hydride heat storage heating system for electric vehicles, which includes a metal hydride heat storage module and a heating module; the metal hydride heat storage module includes a metal hydride storage tank, a hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen delivery pipeline. When the electric vehicle is charging, the metal hydrogen storage material in the metal hydride tank is heated to release hydrogen, which is stored in the hydrogen storage tank to complete heat storage. When the electric vehicle is running, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank enters the metal hydride storage tank to react with the metal material to complete heat release; the heating module includes a power device, a heat exchange device, a heat dissipation device and a fluid pipeline. The power device sends low-temperature fluid into the heat exchange device to absorb the reaction heat generated by the metal hydride storage tank, and after becoming high-temperature fluid, it enters the heat dissipation device to supply heat to the electric vehicle and the battery respectively. The present invention uses metal hydrides with high heat storage density for heating, without electric drive, improving the winter cruising range and driving power of electric vehicles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of heat storage and heating for electric vehicles, and particularly to a metal hydride heat storage and heating system for electric vehicles. Background Art

[0002] Pure electric vehicles are powered by on-vehicle power sources and driven by motors, without generating waste gas, and have less impact on the environment. Against the background of world energy shortage and environmental protection, new energy vehicles have become one of the main development directions of the automotive industry in the future.

[0003] Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, electric vehicles do not have the waste heat of fuel generators that can be utilized. Therefore, in order to ensure the comfort of the cabin in winter and the normal use of the battery in low-temperature environments, an independent heating module needs to be designed. Currently, electric vehicles usually use PTC heating or heat pump heating and other methods to heat the battery and the cabin. However, PTC heating has low efficiency and high energy consumption, significantly consuming the power stored in the battery, resulting in a significant reduction in the cruising range of electric vehicles in winter. Data shows that using PTC heating in the northern winter will cause the cruising range to decrease by about 40-60%. Although the heat pump heating method has improved operating efficiency, as the outside air temperature decreases, the heat pump faces periodic frosting and defrosting problems during operation, greatly affecting the heat pump efficiency and the comfort of passengers in the cabin. In addition, both PTC heating and heat pump heating methods require electric drive, which is likely to cause the problem of insufficient climbing power of electric vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies existing in the prior art, and provide a metal hydride heat storage and heating system for electric vehicles, where the heating of electric vehicles does not require electric drive, effectively increasing the cruising range of electric vehicles and solving the problem of insufficient climbing power of electric vehicles.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A metal hydride heat storage and heating system for electric vehicles, comprising a metal hydride heat storage module and a heating module;

[0007] The metal hydride heat storage module includes at least one metal hydride storage tank, a hydrogen storage tank, and a hydrogen delivery pipeline. When the electric vehicle is charging, the metal hydrogen storage material in the metal hydride tank is heated to release hydrogen, which is stored in the hydrogen storage tank through the hydrogen delivery pipeline to complete heat storage. When the electric vehicle is running, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank enters the metal hydride storage tank through the hydrogen delivery pipeline and reacts with the metal material to complete heat release;

[0008] The heat supply module includes a power device, a heat exchange device, and a heat dissipation device that are connected by a fluid pipeline to form a loop. The power device sends low-temperature fluid into the heat exchange device to absorb the reaction heat of the metal hydride storage tank, and after becoming high-temperature fluid, it enters the heat dissipation device to supply heat to the electric vehicle for heating and the battery respectively.

[0009] Furthermore, in order to reduce the volume of the heat storage module, both the metal hydride storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank are high-pressure tanks with a pressure-bearing capacity greater than or equal to 10 Mpa.

[0010] As an improvement of the present invention, the metal hydride storage tank includes a tank body, a hydrogen channel, a metal hydrogen storage material, and a heating device. The hydrogen channel is arranged in the center of the tank body, extends out of the tank body at the upper end and is connected to the hydrogen delivery pipeline, and reaches the bottom of the tank body at the lower end. The metal hydrogen storage material is filled between the outer wall of the hydrogen channel and the inner wall of the tank body. The hydrogen channel is provided with pores for only hydrogen to enter and exit. The heating device is arranged outside or inside the tank body and is used to heat the metal hydrogen storage material to release hydrogen during the charging process.

[0011] Furthermore, in order to improve the start-up speed of the hydrogen absorption reaction heat, an electric heating device is arranged in the metal hydrogen storage material, and the metal hydrogen storage material around the electric heating device is quickly heated to the reaction temperature through local heating.

[0012] Furthermore, in order to improve the heat conduction ability of the metal hydrogen storage material, a heat conduction-enhancing medium such as foam metal or expanded graphite is arranged in the metal hydrogen storage material; in order to promote the reaction between hydrogen and the metal hydrogen storage material, the metal hydrogen storage material is divided into multiple layers by a porous metal plate channel in the axial direction of the hydrogen channel, and both ends of the porous metal plate channel are connected to the hydrogen channel and the tank body respectively.

[0013] Furthermore, in order to realize the start-up of the hydrogen absorption reaction heat without electricity, the metal hydrogen storage material includes at least two types of low-temperature metal hydrogen storage material and medium-high temperature metal hydrogen storage material, and the reaction temperature gradually increases from the center of the tank body to the edge of the tank body. The reaction heat of the preferential reaction between the low-temperature metal hydrogen storage material and hydrogen is used to heat the medium-high temperature metal hydrogen storage material to reach the reaction temperature; in order to enhance the heat conduction between the metal hydrogen storage materials with different reaction temperatures, a high-conductivity metal partition with fins is arranged between the low-temperature metal hydrogen storage material and the medium-high temperature metal hydrogen storage material.

[0014] As an improvement of the present invention, the heat exchange device includes a heat storage box for placing the tank body, and one or more of heat dissipation fins arranged at intervals outside the tank body, a spiral heat exchange tube wound around the outside of the tank body, or a spiral flow channel arranged in the metal hydrogen storage material in the tank body.

[0015] Furthermore, in order to improve the heat exchange efficiency, a plurality of metal hydride storage tanks are arranged in the heat storage tank. The plurality of metal hydride storage tanks are connected in parallel with the hydrogen storage tank through a hydrogen delivery pipeline. Thermal insulation materials are arranged outside the heat storage tank. The hydrogen delivery pipeline is wound with heating resistance wires and thermal insulation materials to increase the temperature of the delivered hydrogen.

[0016] As an improvement of the present invention, the fluid in the heat supply module is air, inert gas, water or high-temperature resistant liquid; when the fluid in the heat supply module is air, the fluid pipeline includes an air pipeline, a fresh air pipeline and an exhaust air pipeline. A temperature sensor is arranged on the air pipeline, and valves are arranged on the fresh air pipeline and the exhaust air pipeline. The supply air temperature is adjusted by controlling the fresh air ratio.

[0017] The present invention also provides an electric vehicle metal hydride heat storage heating system in another implementation manner, including a metal hydride heat storage module and a heat supply module;

[0018] The metal hydride heat storage module includes a high-temperature metal hydride storage tank, a low-temperature metal hydride storage tank and a hydrogen delivery pipeline. The pressure-bearing capacities of the high-temperature metal hydride storage tank and the low-temperature metal hydride storage tank are both lower than 5 Mpa;

[0019] When the electric vehicle is charging, the high-temperature metal hydride storage tank is heated to release hydrogen, which enters the low-temperature metal hydride storage tank and is absorbed by the low-temperature metal material until all the hydrogen in the high-temperature metal hydride is released, realizing the storage of heat during the charging process;

[0020] When the electric vehicle is running, the low-temperature metal hydride storage tank is heated to its hydrogen release reaction temperature with lower energy consumption, and at the same time, the high-temperature metal material in the high-temperature metal hydride storage tank is locally heated to the hydrogen absorption reaction temperature. The released hydrogen enters the high-temperature metal hydride storage tank from the low-temperature metal hydride storage tank and reacts with the high-temperature metal material to complete heat release;

[0021] The heat supply module includes a power device, a heat exchange device and a heat dissipation device connected through a fluid pipeline to form a loop. The power device sends low-temperature fluid into the heat exchange device to absorb the reaction heat of the high-temperature metal hydride storage tank, and after becoming high-temperature fluid, it enters the heat dissipation device to supply heat to the electric vehicle cabin and the battery respectively.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. The present invention uses the chemical reaction between the metal hydrogen storage material and hydrogen to release heat to heat the cabin and raise the temperature of the battery. This process does not require electric drive, which not only ensures the winter cruising range of the electric vehicle but also solves the problem of insufficient climbing power caused by winter heating of the electric vehicle.

[0024] 2. During the night-time charging of electric vehicles, metal hydrides utilize off-peak electricity prices to heat and release hydrogen. During the day when the electric vehicle is in operation, the metal hydrogen storage material reacts with hydrogen to release heat, achieving peak shaving and valley filling of electricity, and effectively reducing the heating cost of the vehicle.

[0025] 3. The heat storage density of metal hydrides is very high. The heat storage density of magnesium-based alloys is about 10 times that of molten salts, which can greatly reduce the volume of metal storage tanks.

[0026] 4. The metal hydride storage tank contains more than 2 hydrogen storage alloys with different reaction temperatures. The reaction heat of the low-temperature hydrogen storage alloy is used to heat the medium-high temperature hydrogen storage alloy to achieve a power-free start of the heat release process. Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the metal hydride heat storage and heating system for electric vehicles in Example 1;

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the metal hydride storage tank with threaded connection;

[0029] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the metal hydride storage tank with flange connection;

[0030] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the electric start method of the metal hydride storage tank;

[0031] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the external threaded heat exchange tube of the metal hydride storage tank;

[0032] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the internal threaded flow channel of the metal hydride storage tank;

[0033] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the metal hydride heat storage and heating system for electric vehicles in Example 2;

[0034] Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the heat storage module of the metal hydride heat storage and heating system for electric vehicles in Example 3;

[0035] Description of the Reference Numerals: 101 - hydrogen storage tank; 102 - regulating valve; 103 - heating resistance wire; 104 - hydrogen delivery pipeline; 105 - heat storage box; 106 - heat insulation material; 107 - power equipment; 108 - metal hydride storage tank; 109 - heat exchanger; 110 - battery radiator; 111 - vehicle radiator; 112 - coolant pump; 113 - air pipeline; 114 - fresh air pipeline; 115 - exhaust pipeline; 116 - coolant circulation pipeline;

[0036] 201 - Valve body; 202 - Connector; 203 - Tank body; 204 - Filter; 205 - Heating device; 206 - Porous metal plate channel; 207 - Heat dissipation fins; 208 - Low-temperature metal hydrogen storage material; 209 - High thermal conductivity metal partition; 210 - Medium-high temperature metal hydrogen storage material; 211 - Hydrogen channel; 212 - Electric heating device; 213 - Spiral heat exchange tube; 214 - Spiral flow channel; 215 - High-temperature metal hydrogen storage material. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] To make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] As Figure 1 shown, a metal hydride heat storage and heating system for electric vehicles includes a metal hydride heat storage module and a heat supply module.

[0040] The metal hydride heat storage module includes a metal hydride storage tank 108, a hydrogen storage tank 101, a regulating valve 102, and a hydrogen delivery pipeline 104. During the charging of electric vehicles at night in winter, the metal hydrogen storage material in the metal hydride tank 108 is heated to release hydrogen, which is stored in the hydrogen storage tank 101 through the regulating valve 102 and the hydrogen delivery pipeline 104 to complete heat storage. During the operation of electric vehicles during the day in winter, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 101 is sent into the metal hydride storage tank 108 through the regulating valve 102 and the hydrogen delivery pipeline 104 to react with the metal material to complete heat release. In order to reduce the volume of the heat storage module, both the metal hydride storage tank 108 and the hydrogen storage tank 101 are high-pressure tanks with a pressure-bearing capacity greater than or equal to 10 Mpa.

[0041] The heat supply module includes a fan 107, a heat storage box 105, a battery radiator 110, an automobile radiator 111, an air pipeline 113, a fresh air pipeline 114, and an exhaust pipeline 115. A plurality of metal hydride storage tanks 108 are arranged in the heat storage box 105, and the plurality of metal hydride storage tanks 108 are connected in parallel with the hydrogen storage tank 101. Heat dissipation fins 207 are provided on the outer wall of the metal hydride storage tank 108 (see Figures 2 - 4 for details), and heat insulation materials 106 such as aluminum silicate and polyurethane foam are provided on the outer wall of the heat storage box 105 to reduce heat loss during the heat supply process. Valves V1 and V3 are respectively provided on the fresh air pipeline 114 and the exhaust pipeline 115, and the fresh air ratio can be controlled by controlling the valves V1 / V3 to adjust the supply air temperature. The battery radiator 110 and the automobile radiator 111 are arranged in parallel, and valves V4 and V5 are respectively provided on the pipelines connecting them to the fan 107. A valve V2 is also provided on the air pipeline 113.

[0042] The metal hydride heat storage and heating system for electric vehicles in this embodiment can obtain the heat storage mode, heating mode, and battery temperature increase mode by switching the regulating valve 102, the fan 107, and the valves V1 - V5.

[0043] When the system is in the heat storage mode, the fan 107 is turned off, and the valves V1 - V5 on the air pipeline 113, the fresh air pipeline 114, and the exhaust pipeline 115 are all closed. The regulating valve 102 on the hydrogen delivery pipeline 104 is fully opened. The metal hydride storage tank 108 is heated by electricity during the electric vehicle charging process, causing the metal hydrogen storage material in the tank to decompose and release hydrogen. When all the released hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage tank 101, the regulating valve 102 is closed, and the heating of the metal hydride storage tank 108 is stopped, completing the heat storage.

[0044] When the system is in the heating mode, the fan 107 is turned on, the valves V2 and V5 are opened, the valve V4 is closed, the opening degree of the regulating valve 102 is controlled, and hydrogen is delivered into the metal hydride storage tank 108. The hydrogen reacts with the metal material to release a large amount of reaction heat. The low - temperature air is transported by the fan 107 to the heat storage box 105 for heat exchange with the heat dissipation fins 207, becoming high - temperature air. The opening degree of the valve V1 is controlled, and the high - temperature air is mixed with fresh air and then sent into the vehicle radiator 111 to complete the heating.

[0045] When the system is in the battery temperature increase mode, different from the heating mode, the valve V4 is opened and V5 is closed. The high - temperature air is mixed with fresh air and then flows through the battery radiator 110 to complete the battery temperature increase. Among them, the heating mode and the battery temperature increase mode can be jointly operated by adjusting the valves V4 and V5.

[0046] It is easy to understand that the fluid used in the heat supply module of the present invention can be, in addition to the above - mentioned air, also an inert gas such as helium, or water, or a high - temperature - resistant liquid such as high - temperature heat - conducting oil. When using other fluids other than air, the fresh air pipeline 114 and the exhaust pipeline 116 can be removed. At the same time, the heat dissipation fins 207 for heat exchange can also be replaced with, for example, Figure 5 the spiral heat exchange tube 213 wound around the outer wall of the metal hydride storage tank 108 as shown, or Figure 6 the spiral flow channel 214 arranged in the metal hydrogen storage material in the metal hydride storage tank 108 as shown.

[0047] Such as Figures 2 - 4As shown, the metal hydride storage tank 108 includes a valve body 201, a connector 202, a tank body 203, a hydrogen channel 211, and a metal hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen channel 211 is vertically arranged at the center of the tank body 203, with its upper end extending out of the tank body 203 and connected to the valve body 201 through the connector 202. The valve body 201 is connected to the hydrogen delivery pipeline 104 and is used to control the inlet and outlet of hydrogen. A filter 204 is provided at the upper end of the hydrogen channel 211, and the lower end reaches the bottom of the tank body 203. The metal hydrogen storage material is filled between the hydrogen channel 211 and the tank body 203. The hydrogen channel 211 is provided with pores that only allow hydrogen to enter and exit. Hydrogen flows through the valve body 201 and the connector 202 in sequence and enters the hydrogen channel 211. In order to promote the reaction between hydrogen and the metal hydrogen storage material, the metal hydrogen storage material is separated into multiple layers in the vertical direction by a porous metal plate channel 206. Both ends of the porous metal plate channel 206 are respectively connected to the hydrogen channel 211 and the tank body 203. After hydrogen enters the hydrogen channel 211, it is dispersed into the porous metal plate channel 206 and further diffused to react with the metal hydrogen storage material. Heat dissipation fins 207 and a heating device 205 are distributed at intervals on the outer side of the tank body 203. The heat dissipation fins 207 are used for the rapid diffusion of the reaction heat inside the tank body 203, and the heating device 205 is used to heat the metal hydrogen storage material inside the tank body 203 during the charging process to release hydrogen.

[0048] The metal hydrogen storage material can be a single material, such as Figure 4 the medium and high temperature metal hydrogen storage material 210 shown, or it can be a combination of multiple materials, such as Figure 2 and 3 shown, the metal hydrogen storage material includes at least two types of low temperature metal hydrogen storage material 208 and medium and high temperature metal hydrogen storage material 210, and the reaction temperature gradually increases from the center of the tank body 203 to the edge of the tank body 203.

[0049] The low temperature metal hydrogen storage material 208 has a lower heat storage density but can react under normal temperature and pressure. The heat storage density is generally about 200 kJ / kg, such as rare earth hydrogen storage materials and Ti-based alloy hydrogen storage materials. While the medium and high temperature hydrogen storage material 210 has a large heat storage density, but the reaction temperature is relatively high. For example, for metal Mg, the heat storage density is as high as 2885 kJ / kg, but the hydrogen absorption and release temperature requirements are higher than 300 °C. In this embodiment, a certain amount of LaNi5 hydrogen storage alloy, Na3Al hydrogen storage alloy, and Mg metal powder are filled in sequence from the center to the edge of the tank body 203. The low temperature metal hydrogen storage material LaNi5 reacts at the ambient temperature to generate heat to heat the adjacent metal hydrogen storage material inside the tank body, so that it reaches the reaction temperature of the medium and high temperature metal hydrogen storage material Na3Al hydrogen storage alloy. The heat generated by the hydrogen absorption of the medium and high temperature metal hydrogen storage material Na3Al heats Mg metal, so that it reaches the hydrogen absorption reaction temperature and releases a large amount of heat, realizing the heat start of the hydrogen absorption reaction without electricity, as Figure 2 and 3 shown.

[0050] As another alternative, the low-temperature metal hydrogen storage material can also adopt the nanowire material of the medium-high temperature hydrogen storage alloy. When the structural size of the medium-high temperature hydrogen storage alloy is below 30 nm, the hydrogen absorption temperature decreases. For example, the 1-nm magnesium nanowire material can undergo a hydrogen absorption reaction at 14°C, and the 5-nm magnesium nanowire material can undergo a hydrogen absorption reaction at 85°C. By sequentially filling the nanowire materials with different structural sizes from the center to the edge, a non-electric thermal start of the hydrogen absorption reaction can be achieved.

[0051] Since the reaction temperature of the medium-high temperature metal hydrogen storage material 210 is relatively high, if Figure 4 the single metal hydrogen storage material shown is used, as another alternative, an electric heating device 212 can be arranged in the metal hydride storage tank 108. The electric heating device 212 is semi-sealed and wrapped around the medium-high temperature metal hydrogen storage material 210. By locally heating the medium-high temperature metal hydrogen storage material 210 to reach the reaction temperature, after the medium-high temperature metal hydrogen storage material 210 reaches the reaction temperature, it reacts with hydrogen to generate a large amount of heat to heat the surrounding metal hydrogen storage materials, and so on until all the metal hydrogen storage materials reach the reaction temperature.

[0052] Preferably, since the thermal conductivity of the metal powder and the metal hydride powder is relatively low, generally lower than 1 W / m·k, in order to improve the thermal conductivity of the metal hydrogen storage material and the metal hydride, a medium for enhancing heat conduction, such as metal foam, expanded graphite, etc. (not shown in the figure), is arranged in the metal hydrogen storage material. Further, in order to improve the heat conduction between the low-temperature metal hydrogen storage material 208 and the medium-high temperature metal hydrogen storage material 210, a high-thermal-conductivity metal partition 209 with fins is arranged between the low-temperature metal hydrogen storage material 208 and the medium-high temperature metal hydrogen storage material 210, and the material can be selected from metal materials with good thermal conductivity such as copper and aluminum.

[0053] Preferably, in order to further improve the thermal start speed of the hydrogen absorption reaction, a heating resistance wire 103 and a heat insulation material are wound outside the hydrogen delivery pipeline 104 to increase the temperature of the hydrogen delivered to the metal hydride storage tank 108 and realize the hydrogen absorption of the hydrogen storage metal material under an external heat source.

[0054] In summary, the present invention uses the chemical reaction between the metal hydrogen storage material with a large heat storage density and hydrogen to release heat for heating the cockpit and raising the temperature of the battery. This process does not require electric drive, which not only ensures the winter cruising range of the electric vehicle but also solves the problem of insufficient climbing power caused by winter heating of the electric vehicle. Moreover, the metal hydrogen storage material uses the low valley electricity price to heat and release hydrogen during the night charging of the electric vehicle, and the metal hydrogen storage material reacts with hydrogen to release heat during the day when the electric vehicle is running, realizing the peak shaving and valley filling of electricity and effectively reducing the heating cost of the vehicle.

[0055] Embodiment 2

[0056] The metal hydride heat storage heating system for electric vehicles in this embodiment is particularly applicable to the case where the heat exchange medium of the heating module is air, and the air conditioning system of the electric vehicle is a water cooling system. Different from Embodiment 1, the heating module adopts a double loop, as Figure 7 shown, the fan 107, the heat storage tank 105, and the primary side of the heat exchanger 109 form a primary loop through the air pipeline 113. The settings of the fresh air pipeline 114 and the exhaust air pipeline 115 are the same as those in Embodiment 1. The vehicle radiator 111, the battery radiator 110, the coolant pump 112, and the secondary side of the heat exchanger 109 form a secondary loop through the coolant circulation pipeline 116.

[0057] The fan 107 first sends low-temperature air into the heat storage tank 105, where it undergoes a first heat exchange with the metal hydride storage tank 108 and becomes high-temperature air. Then, it enters the heat exchanger 109 for a second heat exchange with the coolant. The heated coolant is pumped by the coolant pump 112 to the vehicle radiator 111 and the battery radiator 110 respectively to complete cabin heating and battery temperature rise.

[0058] Embodiment 3

[0059] The metal hydride heat storage heating system for electric vehicles in this embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 only in the composition of the metal hydride heat storage module, as Figure 8 shown, the metal hydride heat storage module includes a high-temperature metal hydride storage tank A, a low-temperature metal hydride storage tank B, a regulating valve 102, and a hydrogen delivery pipeline 104. The high-temperature metal hydride storage tank A and the low-temperature metal hydride storage tank B are connected through the hydrogen delivery pipeline 104 and the regulating valve 102.

[0060] The structures of the high-temperature metal hydride storage tank A and the low-temperature metal hydride storage tank B are the same as those in Embodiment 1 Figure 6 The high-temperature metal hydride storage tank A is filled with a high-temperature metal hydrogen storage material 210, and the low-temperature metal hydride storage tank B is filled with a low-temperature metal hydrogen storage material 208. The high-temperature metal hydrogen storage material 210 has a higher hydrogen storage density and heat storage capacity. The low-temperature metal hydrogen storage material 208 can release hydrogen at room temperature, and the reaction pressures of both are not higher than 5 Mpa. The spiral flow channel 214 is arranged inside the metal hydride storage tank 108, and the heat transfer medium can circulate inside it to exchange heat with the metal hydrogen storage material. In this embodiment, the heating device 205 arranged outside the metal hydride storage tank can be cancelled, and its function can be realized by the spiral flow channel 214 + the heat transfer medium. During the heat storage (hydrogen release) process at night, introducing a high-temperature heat transfer medium into the spiral flow channel 214 can heat the metal hydrogen storage material to release hydrogen.

[0061] During the heat storage process at night, the high-temperature metal hydride storage tank A is heated at a high temperature, releasing hydrogen gas into the low-temperature metal hydride storage tank B, where it is absorbed by the low-temperature metal material. The reaction heat of the low-temperature metal material is carried away by the heat-conducting medium in the low-temperature metal hydride storage tank B until all the hydrogen gas in the high-temperature metal hydride is released, achieving the storage of heat during the night-time parking and charging process.

[0062] During the day when heat supply is required during vehicle operation, the low-temperature metal hydride storage tank B is heated to its hydrogen-release reaction temperature with relatively low energy consumption. At the same time, the high-temperature metal hydrogen storage material 210 in the high-temperature metal hydride storage tank A is locally heated to the hydrogen-absorption reaction temperature. The released hydrogen gas enters the high-temperature metal hydride storage tank A from the low-temperature metal hydride storage tank B through the hydrogen pipeline 104 and the regulating valve 102, reacting with the high-temperature metal to generate a large amount of heat. The reaction heat is carried out by the heat-conducting medium, achieving the purpose of generating a large amount of heat with low energy consumption.

[0063] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention. The purpose is to enable ordinary technicians in the field to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and it should not be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the essence of the content of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A metal hydride heat storage heating system for an electric vehicle, characterized in that: It includes a metal hydride heat storage module and a heat supply module; The metal hydride heat storage module includes at least one metal hydride storage tank, a hydrogen storage tank, and a hydrogen pipeline. When the electric vehicle is charging, the metal hydrogen storage material in the metal hydride tank is heated to release hydrogen, which is stored in the hydrogen storage tank through the hydrogen pipeline to complete heat storage. When the electric vehicle is running, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank enters the metal hydride storage tank through the hydrogen pipeline and reacts with the metal material to complete heat release; The heat supply module includes a power device, a heat exchange device, and a heat dissipation device connected by a fluid pipeline to form a loop. The power device sends low-temperature fluid into the heat exchange device to absorb the reaction heat of the metal hydride storage tank, and after becoming high-temperature fluid, it enters the heat dissipation device to supply heat to the electric vehicle and the battery respectively; The metal hydride storage tank includes a tank body, a hydrogen channel, a metal hydrogen storage material, and a heating device. The hydrogen channel is arranged at the center of the tank body, with the upper end extending out of the tank body and connected to the hydrogen pipeline, and the lower end reaching the bottom of the tank body. The metal hydrogen storage material is filled between the outer wall of the hydrogen channel and the inner wall of the tank body. The hydrogen channel is provided with pores that only allow hydrogen to enter and exit. The heating device is arranged inside the tank body and is used to heat the metal hydrogen storage material to release hydrogen during the charging process; An electric heating device is arranged inside the metal hydrogen storage material, and the metal hydrogen storage material around the electric heating device is quickly heated to the reaction temperature through local heating; The metal hydrogen storage material includes at least two types, namely low-temperature metal hydrogen storage material and medium-high temperature metal hydrogen storage material, and the reaction temperature gradually increases from the center of the tank body to the edge of the tank body. A high thermal conductivity metal partition with fins is arranged between the low-temperature metal hydrogen storage material and the medium-high temperature metal hydrogen storage material. The reaction heat of the preferential reaction between the low-temperature metal hydrogen storage material and hydrogen is used to heat the medium-high temperature metal hydrogen storage material to reach the reaction temperature; 2. The metal hydride heat storage heating system for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: Both the metal hydride storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank are high-pressure tanks, and the pressure-bearing capacity is greater than or equal to 10 Mpa.

3. The metal hydride heat storage heating system for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: A medium for enhancing heat conduction is arranged inside the metal hydrogen storage material, and it is divided into multiple layers by a porous metal plate channel in the axial direction of the hydrogen channel. The two ends of the porous metal plate channel are respectively connected to the hydrogen channel and the tank body.

4. The metal hydride heat storage heating system for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange device includes one or more of a heat storage box for placing the tank body, heat dissipation fins arranged at intervals outside the tank body, a spiral heat exchange tube wound around the outside of the tank body, or a spiral flow channel arranged in the metal hydrogen storage material inside the tank body; 5. The metal hydride heat storage heating system for an electric vehicle according to claim 4, wherein: A plurality of metal hydride storage tanks are arranged inside the heat storage box. The plurality of metal hydride storage tanks are connected in parallel with the hydrogen storage tank through a hydrogen pipeline. Thermal insulation materials are arranged outside the heat storage box, and the hydrogen pipeline is wound with a heating resistance wire and thermal insulation materials to increase the temperature of the transported hydrogen.

6. The metal hydride heat storage heating system for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: The fluid in the heat supply module is air, inert gas, water, or a high-temperature resistant liquid; when the fluid in the heat supply module is air, the fluid pipeline includes an air pipeline, a fresh air pipeline, and an exhaust air pipeline. A temperature sensor is arranged on the air pipeline, and valves are arranged on the fresh air pipeline and the exhaust air pipeline. The supply air temperature is adjusted by controlling the fresh air ratio.

Images