Relay for vehicle communications

Abstract

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may determine whether a peer-to-peer (P2P) communication is to be relayed based at least in part on the UE's location and a range requirement associated with the P2P communication; and transmit the P2P communication, wherein the P2P communication includes an indication of whether the P2P communication is to be relayed. In some aspects, the UE may receive the P2P communication; determine whether to relay the P2P communication based at least in part on the indication and at least one of: the UE's location or a UE identifier included in the P2P communication, the UE identifier identifying the UE and associated with a request for the UE to relay the P2P communication; and selectively relay the P2P communication based at least in part on the determination of whether to relay the P2P communication.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications under 35 USC §119

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 697,117, filed on July 12, 2018, entitled “TECHNIQUES AND APPARATUSES FOR RELAYING FOR VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS,” and U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No. 16 / 505,526, filed on July 8, 2019, entitled “RELAYING FOR VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS,” which are hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] public domain

[0004] Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communications, and to techniques and apparatus for relaying of vehicular communications.

[0005] background

[0006] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and long term evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0007] A wireless communication network may include several base stations (BSs) that can support communication for several user equipment (UEs). User equipment (UEs) can communicate with the base stations (BSs) via downlinks and uplinks. The downlink (or forward link) refers to the communication link from the BS to the UE, while the uplink (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from the UE to the BS. As will be described in more detail herein, a BS may be referred to as a Node B, gNB, access point (AP), radio head, transmit reception point (TRP), new radio (NR) BS, 5G Node B, and so on.

[0008] The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different user equipment to communicate at the city, country, region, and even global levels. New Radio (NR) (which may also be referred to as 5G) is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access by improving spectrum efficiency, reducing costs, improving services, utilizing new spectrum, and better integrating with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink (DL), CP-OFDM and / or SC-FDM (e.g., also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) on the uplink (UL), and other open standards that support beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation. However, as the demand for mobile broadband access continues to grow, there is a need for further improvements to LTE and NR technologies. Preferably, these improvements should be applicable to other multiple access technologies and the telecommunication standards that employ them.

[0009] Overview

[0010] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) may include: determining whether peer-to-peer (P2P) communications are to be relayed based at least in part on a location of the UE and a range requirement associated with the P2P communications; and transmitting the P2P communications, wherein the P2P communications include an indication of whether the P2P communications are to be relayed.

[0011] In some aspects, a UE for wireless communication may include a memory and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory. The memory and the one or more processors may be configured to: determine whether a P2P communication is to be relayed based at least in part on a location of the UE and a range requirement associated with the P2P communication; and transmit the P2P communication, wherein the P2P communication includes an indication of whether the P2P communication is to be relayed.

[0012] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium may store one or more instructions for wireless communication. The one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors of a UE, may cause the one or more processors to: determine whether P2P communication is to be relayed based at least in part on a location of the UE and a range requirement associated with the P2P communication; and transmit the P2P communication, wherein the P2P communication includes an indication of whether the P2P communication is to be relayed.

[0013] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication may include: means for determining whether P2P communications are to be relayed based at least in part on a location of the apparatus and a range requirement associated with the P2P communications; and means for transmitting the P2P communications, wherein the P2P communications include an indication of whether the P2P communications are to be relayed.

[0014] In some aspects, a wireless communication method performed by a UE may include: receiving P2P communication that includes an indication of whether the P2P communication is to be relayed; determining whether to relay the P2P communication based at least in part on the indication and at least one of: a location of the UE or a UE identifier included in the P2P communication, the UE identifier identifying the UE and associated with a request for the UE to relay the P2P communication; and selectively relaying the P2P communication based at least in part on determining whether the P2P communication is to be relayed.

[0015] In some aspects, a UE for wireless communication may include a memory and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory. The memory and the one or more processors may be configured to: receive a P2P communication including an indication of whether the P2P communication is to be relayed; determine whether to relay the P2P communication based at least in part on the indication and at least one of: a location of the UE or a UE identifier included in the P2P communication, the UE identifier identifying the UE and associated with a request for the UE to relay the P2P communication; and selectively relay the P2P communication based at least in part on the determination of whether to relay the P2P communication.

[0016] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium may store one or more instructions for wireless communication. The one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors of a UE, may cause the one or more processors to: receive a P2P communication including an indication of whether the P2P communication is to be relayed; determine whether to relay the P2P communication based at least in part on the indication and at least one of: a location of the UE or a UE identifier included in the P2P communication, the UE identifier identifying the UE and associated with a request for the UE to relay the P2P communication; and selectively relay the P2P communication based at least in part on the determination of whether to relay the P2P communication.

[0017] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication may include: means for receiving P2P communications including an indication of whether the P2P communications are to be relayed; means for determining whether to relay the P2P communications based at least in part on the indication and at least one of: a location of an apparatus included in the P2P communications or an apparatus identifier, the apparatus identifier identifying the apparatus and associated with a request for the apparatus to relay the P2P communications; and means for selectively relaying the P2P communications based at least in part on determining whether to relay the P2P communications.

[0018] Aspects generally include methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, originating user equipment, relay user equipment, base stations, wireless communication devices, and processing systems substantially as described herein with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying figures and description.

[0019] The foregoing has broadly outlined the features and technical advantages of examples according to the present disclosure in an effort to make the following detailed description better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The concepts and specific examples disclosed can be readily used as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for implementing the same purposes as the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both in terms of their organization and method of operation, as well as the associated advantages, will be better understood by considering the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each of the figures is provided for illustration and description purposes and is not intended to define limitations on the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to understand in detail the features of the present disclosure set forth above, a more particular description of the content briefly summarized above may be obtained with reference to various aspects, some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be noted, however, that the accompanying drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of the present disclosure and are not to be considered limiting of its scope, as the description may admit to other equally effective aspects. The same reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0022] Figure 1 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a wireless communication network in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 2 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a base station and a UE in communication in a wireless communication network according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 3 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of peer-to-peer (P2P) communication via a side link in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 4-6 is a diagram illustrating an example of relaying for vehicular communications according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 7 and 8 is a diagram illustrating an example process, eg, performed by user equipment, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0027] Detailed description

[0028] The various aspects of the present disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure can be implemented in many different forms and should not be interpreted as being limited to any specific structure or function given throughout the present disclosure. On the contrary, these aspects are provided to make the present disclosure thorough and complete, and they will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. Based on the teachings herein, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the present disclosure disclosed herein, whether it is implemented independently of any other aspect of the present disclosure or implemented in combination. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein can be used to implement a device or practice method. In addition, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover such devices or methods that are practiced using a supplement to the various aspects of the present disclosure set forth herein or other other structures, functionality, or structure and functionality. It should be understood that any aspect of the present disclosure disclosed herein can be implemented by one or more elements of the claims.

[0029] Several aspects of telecommunications systems will now be presented with reference to various devices and techniques. These devices and techniques are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0030] It should be noted that although various aspects may be described herein using terminology generally associated with 3G and / or 4G wireless technologies, various aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable in communication systems based on other generations, such as 5G and later generations, including NR technology.

[0031] Figure 1 1 is a diagram illustrating a network 100 in which various aspects of the present disclosure may be practiced. The network 100 may be an LTE network or some other wireless network, such as a 5G or NR network. The wireless network 100 may include several BSs 110 (shown as BS 110a, BS 110b, BS 110c, and BS 110d) and other network entities. A BS is an entity that communicates with user equipment (UE) and may also be referred to as a base station, NR BS, Node B, gNB, 5G Node B (NB), access point, transmit reception point (TRP), etc. Each BS may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In 3GPP, the term "cell" may refer to the coverage area of a BS and / or the BS subsystem serving that coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.

[0032] A BS may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and / or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a residence) and may allow restricted access by UEs associated with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A BS for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro BS. A BS for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico BS. A BS for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto BS or a home BS. In Figure 1 In the example shown in FIG, BS 110a may be a macro BS for macro cell 102a, BS 110b may be a pico BS for pico cell 102b, and BS 110c may be a femto BS for femto cell 102c. A BS may support one or more (e.g., three) cells. The terms "eNB," "base station," "NR BS," "gNB," "TRP," "AP," "Node B," "5G NB," and "cell" may be used interchangeably herein.

[0033] In some aspects, the cells may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cells may move depending on the location of the mobile BS. In some aspects, the BSs may be interconnected to each other and / or to one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) in the access network 100 via various types of backhaul interfaces, such as direct physical connections, virtual networks, and / or the like using any suitable transport network.

[0034] The wireless network 100 may also include a relay station. A relay station is an entity that can receive transmissions of data from an upstream station (e.g., a BS or a UE) and send transmissions of the data to a downstream station (e.g., a UE or a BS). A relay station may also be a UE that can relay transmissions for other UEs. Figure 1 In the example shown in , relay station 110d may communicate with macro BS 110a and UE 120d to facilitate communication between BS 110a and UE 120d. A relay station may also be referred to as a relay BS, relay base station, relay, or the like.

[0035] The wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network including different types of BSs (e.g., macro BSs, pico BSs, femto BSs, relay BSs, etc.). These different types of BSs may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and different impacts on interference in the wireless network 100. For example, a macro BS may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts), while a pico BS, a femto BS, and a relay BS may have a lower transmit power level (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts).

[0036] The network controller 130 may be coupled to a set of BSs and may provide coordination and control of these BSs. The network controller 130 may communicate with each BS via a backhaul. These BSs may also communicate with each other directly or indirectly, for example, via a wireless or wired backhaul.

[0037] UEs 120 (e.g., 120a, 120b, 120c) may be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE may be stationary or mobile. A UE may also be referred to as an access terminal, terminal, mobile station, subscriber unit, station, etc. A UE may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smartphone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device or equipment, a biometric sensor / device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring, a smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music or video device, or a satellite radio), a vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.

[0038] Some UEs may be considered machine type communication (MTC) UEs, or evolved or enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC and eMTC UEs include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, location tags, and the like, which may communicate with a base station, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. A wireless node may provide connectivity to or to a network (e.g., a wide area network such as the Internet or a cellular network), for example, via a wired or wireless communication link. Some UEs may be considered Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband Internet of Things) devices. Some UEs may be considered customer premises equipment (CPE). UE 120 may be included inside a housing that houses components of UE 120, such as a processor component, a memory component, and the like.

[0039] In general, any number of wireless networks may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network may support a specific radio access technology (RAT) and may operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may also be referred to as a radio technology, air interface, etc. A frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, frequency channel, etc. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

[0040] In some aspects, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly (e.g., without using base station 110 as an intermediary) using one or more sidelink channels. Such direct communication via the sidelink channel may be referred to as peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, which may include device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication using a V2X protocol (e.g., which may include a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol, a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocol, a vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocol, etc.), communication via a mesh network, etc. In this scenario, the UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by the base station 110.

[0041] As indicated above, Figure 1 These are provided as examples only. Other examples may differ from those regarding Figure 1 Examples described.

[0042] Figure 2 A block diagram shows a design 200 of a base station 110 and a UE 120, which may be Figure 1 One for each base station and one for each UE in . Base station 110 may be equipped with T antennas 234a through 234t, and UE 120 may be equipped with R antennas 252a through 252r, where in general T≧1 and R≧1.

[0043] At base station 110, transmit processor 220 may receive data for one or more UEs from data source 212, select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for each UE based at least in part on a channel quality indicator (CQI) received from the UE, process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for each UE based at least in part on the MCS selected for the UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. Transmit processor 220 may also process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, upper layer signaling, etc.) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. Transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). A transmit (TX) multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols, as applicable, and may provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232a through 232t. Each modulator 232 may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 232 may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The T downlink signals from modulators 232a through 232t may be transmitted via T antennas 234a through 234t, respectively. According to various aspects described in greater detail below, position coding may be utilized to generate synchronization signals to convey additional information.

[0044] At UE 120, antennas 252a through 252r may receive downlink signals from base station 110 and / or other base stations and may provide received signals to demodulators (DEMODs) 254a through 254r, respectively. Each demodulator 254 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) the received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator 254 may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from all R demodulators 254a through 254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols where applicable, and provide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE 120 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information and system information to a controller / processor 280. The channel processor may determine reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), channel quality indicator (CQI), etc. In some aspects, one or more components of UE 120 may be included in a housing.

[0045] On the uplink, at the UE 120, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, etc.) from the controller / processor 280. The transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, further processed by modulators 254a through 254r (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM, etc.), and transmitted to the base station 110. At the base station 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 and other UEs may be received by the antenna 234, processed by the demodulator 232, detected by the MIMO detector 236, if applicable, and further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by the UE 120. The receive processor 238 may provide decoded data to a data sink 239 and decoded control information to a controller / processor 240. The base station 110 may include a communication unit 244 and communicate with the network controller 130 via the communication unit 244. The network controller 130 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and a memory 292.

[0046] The controller / processor 240 of the base station 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, and / or Figure 2Any other components of the may perform one or more techniques associated with relaying for vehicular communications, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the base station 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other component(s) may perform or direct e.g. Figure 7 The process of 700 Figure 8 The operations of process 800, and / or other processes as described herein. Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for base station 110 and UE 120, respectively. Scheduler 246 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.

[0047] In some aspects, UE 120 may include: means for determining whether peer-to-peer (P2P) communications are to be relayed based at least in part on the UE's location and a range requirement associated with the P2P communications; means for transmitting the P2P communications, wherein the P2P communications include an indication of whether the P2P communications are to be relayed; and the like. Additionally or alternatively, UE 120 may include: means for receiving peer-to-peer (P2P) communications, the P2P communications including an indication of whether the P2P communications are to be relayed; means for determining whether to relay the P2P communications based at least in part on the indication and at least one of: the UE's location or a UE identifier included in the P2P communications, the UE identifier identifying the UE and associated with a request for the UE to relay the P2P communications; means for selectively relaying the P2P communications based at least in part on determining whether to relay the P2P communications; and the like. In some aspects, such means may include a method for combining Figure 2 One or more components of the UE 120 are depicted, such as an antenna 252, a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and so forth.

[0048] As indicated above, Figure 2 These are provided as examples only. Other examples may differ from those regarding Figure 2 Examples described.

[0049] Figure 3 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of peer-to-peer (P2P) communication via a side link in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0050] like Figure 3As shown, a first UE 305-1 can communicate with a second UE 305-2 (and one or more other UEs 305 similar to the second UE 305-2) using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication via one or more sidelink channels 310. In some aspects, the UE 305 can correspond to one or more other UEs described elsewhere herein (such as UE 120, etc.). In some aspects, the sidelink channel 310 can use a PC5 interface and / or can operate in a high frequency band (e.g., a 5.9 GHz band). Additionally or alternatively, the UE 305 can use global navigation satellite system (GNSS) timing to synchronize the timing of transmission time intervals (e.g., frames, subframes, time slots, etc.). The UEs 305 can use the sidelink channel 310 to transmit P2P communications (such as V2X communications, etc.).

[0051] In some aspects, V2X communication may be a one-to-many broadcast and / or multicast communication. In some aspects, V2X communication may not require any physical layer feedback from a receiving device, such as acknowledgment (ACK) or negative acknowledgment (NACK) feedback. In some aspects, V2X communication may be configured to not require retransmissions. In some aspects, V2X communication may be configured with a small number of retransmissions (e.g., one retransmission) that always occurs (e.g., without ACK / NACK feedback).

[0052] like Figure 3As further shown in FIG, sidelink channels 310 may include a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) 315 and a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) 320. PSCCH 315 may be used to convey control information similar to a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and / or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) used for communication with base station 110. PSSCH 320 may be used to convey data similar to a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and / or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) used for communication with base station 110. For example, PSCCH 315 may carry sidelink control information (SCI) 325, which may indicate various control information used for sidelink communication, such as one or more resources (e.g., time, frequency, and / or beam resources) in which transport blocks (TBs) 330 including data are carried on PSSCH 320; and / or other control information that may be used to assist in receiving, decoding, and / or demodulating data carried via PSSCH 320. The TB 330 may include V2X data communications such as Basic Safety Messages (BSMs), Traffic Information Messages (TIMs), Signal Phase and Timing (SPAT) messages, MAP messages for conveying geographic road information, Collaborative Awareness Messages (CAMs), Distributed Environment Notification Messages (DENMs), In-Vehicle Information (IVI) messages, etc. In some aspects, the V2X data communications may include data regarding the operation of a vehicle associated with the UE 305.

[0053] In some aspects, the UE 305 may operate using transmission mode 4, in which resource selection and / or scheduling is performed by the UE 305 (e.g., rather than the base station 110). In some aspects, the UE 305 may perform resource selection and / or scheduling by sensing channel availability for transmission. For example, the UE 305 may measure received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameters associated with various sidelink channels (e.g., sidelink-RSSI (S-RSSI) parameters); may measure reference signal received power (RSRP) parameters associated with various sidelink channels (e.g., PSSCH-RSRP parameters); may measure reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameters associated with various sidelink channels (e.g., PSSCH-RSRQ parameters), etc.; and may select a channel for transmission for V2X communication based at least in part on the measurement(s).

[0054] Additionally or alternatively, the UE 305 may perform resource selection and / or scheduling using the SCI 325 (which may indicate occupied resources, channel parameters, etc.) received in the PSCCH 315. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 305 may perform resource selection and / or scheduling by determining a channel busy rate (CBR) associated with various sidelink channels, which may be used for rate control (e.g., by indicating a maximum number of resource blocks that the UE 305 may use for a particular set of subframes).

[0055] like Figure 3 As further shown, the UE 305 can communicate with other UEs 305 using one or more beams 335 (such as active beam 340). For example, the UE 305 can include multiple antenna elements to support beamforming using millimeter wave beams 335 in the millimeter wave band. The millimeter wave beams 335 can be capable of higher throughput than sub-6 GHz transmissions, which can be useful for V2X communications (e.g., for transmitting camera feeds, etc.). In some aspects, the UE 305 can support and / or dynamically configure different beam widths for the beams 335, which can change the range of the beams 335. For example, using a wider beam can result in a shorter range than a narrower beam, while using a narrower beam can result in a longer range than a wider beam. As described in more detail below, some techniques and apparatus described herein can increase the range of P2P communications and / or V2X communications by using relays (without adjusting the beam width).

[0056] As indicated above, Figure 3 These are provided as examples only. Other examples may differ from those regarding Figure 3 Examples described.

[0057] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of relaying for vehicular communications in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0058] like Figure 4 As shown, originating UE 405 may be associated with an originating vehicle, relaying UE 410 may be associated with a relaying vehicle, and receiving UE 415 may be associated with a receiving vehicle. Originating UE 405, relaying UE 410, and / or receiving UE 415 may correspond to one or more UEs described elsewhere herein (such as UE 120, UE 305, etc.). In some aspects, UE 405, 410, 415 may be integrated into a vehicle, located in or on a vehicle, etc. The vehicle may include an autonomous vehicle, a semi-autonomous vehicle, a non-autonomous vehicle, etc. Although Figure 4UEs 405, 410, 415 in FIG are shown as being associated with a vehicle, but in some aspects, one or more of UEs 405, 410, 415 may not be associated with a vehicle. For example, UEs 405, 410, 415 may be associated with infrastructure (e.g., traffic infrastructure (such as traffic signals, lane signals, sensors, traffic controller systems, etc.)), pedestrians (e.g., via wearable devices), and the like.

[0059] UE 405, 410, 415 can be combined as above Figure 3 As described, communication is performed via one or more sidelink channels 310 to exchange SCI 325 and corresponding TB 330. As used herein, an originating UE 405 may refer to a UE that schedules the original (e.g., initial) transmission of a V2X communication and transmits the V2X communication to a relay UE 410 and / or a receiving UE 415. As used herein, a relay UE 410 may refer to a UE that receives V2X communication (e.g., from the originating UE 405) and relays (e.g., retransmits) the V2X communication. As used herein, a receiving UE 415 may refer to a UE that receives V2X communication from the originating UE 405 and / or the relay UE 410. Thus, a single UE may be capable of operating as an originating UE 405 (e.g., that transmits V2X communication to one or more other UEs), a relay UE 410 (e.g., that relays V2X communication received from another UE), and a receiving UE 415 (e.g., that receives V2X communication from another UE). Although some aspects are described herein in conjunction with V2X communications, these aspects may be similarly applied to other types of P2P communications.

[0060] In V2X communication scenarios, having a long range (e.g., transmission range) is particularly important for V2X communication because vehicles may be moving quickly and transmitting critical safety information. For example, increasing the range by 50 meters is equivalent to increasing the reaction time by 360 milliseconds (ms) at a speed of 250 kilometers per hour (km / h) and by 640 ms at a speed of 140 km / h.

[0061] As shown by reference numeral 420, the V2X communication transmitted by the originating UE 405 may have a limited range (e.g., transmission range). The range may depend on, for example, the beamwidth of the beam carrying the V2X communication, the bandwidth used for the V2X communication, the transmit power used to transmit the V2X communication, the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) used to transmit the V2X communication, the length of time the V2X communication is transmitted, the number of retransmissions of the V2X communication, etc. In some cases, the originating UE 405 may increase the range by modifying one or more of these factors, such as by transmitting on a narrower beam, increasing the transmit power, reducing the MCS, increasing the length of time the transmission is performed, increasing the number of retransmissions, etc.

[0062] For example, as shown by reference numeral 425, the originating UE 405 can increase the range by retransmitting the V2X communication. However, due to path loss conditions, this may only provide a limited increase in range (e.g., a 20% increase in range for line-of-sight communications, a 5% increase in range for non-line-of-sight communications, etc.). Such path loss conditions depend on the location of the originating UE 405 and may not be under the control of the originating UE 405 at the time of transmission. Furthermore, while modifying one or more of the factors described above may increase the range, such modifications may have a negative performance impact, may consume additional network resources, may be limited by the capabilities of the originating UE 405, may consume additional resources of the originating UE 405 (e.g., processing resources, memory, battery power, etc.), etc. Moreover, some of these factors may only improve the range of the data channel (e.g., PSSCH 320) and not the range of the control channel (PSCCH 315). For example, retransmissions may not increase the range of transmissions on control channels because control information generally cannot be combined for different transmission and / or retransmission opportunities. As a result, the range of transmissions on data channels may not be increased because if the receiving UE 415 does not receive the control information, the receiving UE 415 may not be able to locate the corresponding data.

[0063] Some techniques and apparatus described herein use relaying to increase the range of P2P communications and / or V2X communications. Relaying may refer to the transmission of a communication by a UE that receives the communication from another UE. For example, as shown by reference numeral 430, an originating UE 405 may transmit a V2X communication, a relay UE 410 may receive the V2X communication from the originating UE 405, and the relay UE 410 may transmit the V2X communication (e.g., to a receiving UE 415). In this way, the transmission range may be significantly increased. For example, relaying may provide an increase in range of up to 100%. Additional details regarding relaying P2P communications and / or V2X communications are described below.

[0064] As indicated above, Figure 4are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from those described in Figure 4 Examples described.

[0065] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of relaying for vehicular communications in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0066] like Figure 5 As shown, various UEs 505, 510, 515, 520, 525, and 530 may be associated with respective vehicles. These UEs may correspond to one or more UEs described elsewhere herein (such as UE 120, UE 305, UE 405, UE 410, UE 415, etc.). Figure 5 The UE in FIG is shown as being associated with a vehicle, but in some aspects, Figure 5 One or more of the UEs in may not be associated with a vehicle. For example, UEs 505, 510, 515, 520, 525, and / or 530 may be associated with infrastructure, pedestrians, etc. Figure 5 In the example, UE 505 acts as the originating UE.

[0067] As shown in reference numeral 535, UE 505 may determine whether peer-to-peer (P2P) communications are to be relayed based, at least in part, on the location of UE 505. In some aspects, the location of UE 505 may be associated with a path loss parameter that affects the transmission range of P2P communications. In this case, UE 505 may determine, at least in part, based on the path loss parameter, whether P2P communications are to be relayed. For example, if the path loss parameter indicates a relatively large path loss (e.g., greater than or equal to a threshold), UE 505 may determine that P2P communications are to be relayed, thereby improving range when UE 505 has a small range due to a large path loss. Conversely, if the path loss parameter indicates a relatively small path loss (e.g., less than or equal to a threshold), UE 505 may determine that P2P communications are not to be relayed, thereby saving network resources and resources of the relay UE when UE 505 has a large range due to a small path loss. In some aspects, UE 505 may estimate the path loss. Additionally or alternatively, UE 505 may receive information from one or more other devices (eg, base station 110, another UE, etc.) indicating a path loss associated with the location of UE 505 (eg, within a threshold proximity of the location of UE 505).

[0068] Additionally or alternatively, the location of the UE 505 may be associated with a range estimate for communications. In this case, the UE 505 may determine whether the P2P communication is to be relayed based, at least in part, on the range estimate. For example, if the range estimate indicates a relatively low range (e.g., less than or equal to a threshold), the UE 505 may determine that the P2P communication is to be relayed, thereby improving range when the UE 505 has a low range. Conversely, if the range estimate indicates a relatively high range (e.g., greater than or equal to a threshold), the UE 505 may determine that the P2P communication is not to be relayed, thereby conserving network resources and resources of the relay UE when the UE 505 has a high range. In some aspects, the UE 505 may estimate the range of the location. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 505 may receive information from one or more other devices (e.g., base station 110, another UE, etc.) indicating an estimated range associated with the location of the UE 505 (e.g., within a threshold close range of the location of the UE 505).

[0069] Additionally or alternatively, the UE 505 may determine whether the P2P communication is to be relayed based at least in part on a range requirement associated with the P2P communication. In some aspects, the range requirement may be indicated by a quality of service (QoS) parameter for the P2P communication and / or similar types of requirements. In some aspects, if the P2P communication is associated with a relatively high range requirement (e.g., greater than or equal to a threshold), the UE 505 may determine that the P2P communication will be relayed, thereby increasing the likelihood that the range requirement will be met. Conversely, if the P2P communication is associated with a relatively low range requirement (e.g., less than or equal to the threshold), the UE 505 may determine that the P2P communication will not be relayed, thereby saving resources when the range requirement can be met without relaying.

[0070] In some aspects, the UE 505 may use the range estimate as a threshold to be compared to the range requirement. The UE 505 may determine the range estimate based, at least in part, on one or more factors affecting the range, such as transmit power, MCS, path loss conditions, line of sight conditions, etc. (e.g., as described above in conjunction with Figure 4 In this case, if the range requirement is greater than the estimated range, the UE 505 may determine to relay the P2P communication. Conversely, if the range requirement is less than or equal to the estimated range, the UE 505 may determine not to relay the P2P communication.

[0071] Additionally or alternatively, the UE 505 may determine whether the P2P communication is to be relayed based, at least in part, on a priority associated with the P2P communication. In some aspects, the priority may be a packet priority of the P2P communication, a priority associated with a QoS requirement of the P2P communication, or the like. In some aspects, the priority may be indicated by an application executing on the UE 505 that generates data for the P2P communication. In some aspects, if the P2P communication is associated with a relatively high priority (e.g., greater than or equal to a threshold), the UE 505 may determine that the P2P communication will be relayed, thereby increasing the range for the high-priority P2P communication. Conversely, if the P2P communication is associated with a relatively low priority (e.g., less than or equal to a threshold), the UE 505 may determine that the P2P communication will not be relayed, thereby saving resources when the P2P communication is of low priority.

[0072] Additionally or alternatively, the UE 505 may determine whether the P2P communication is to be relayed based at least in part on the speed of the UE 505. For example, if the UE 505 is moving at a relatively high speed (e.g., greater than or equal to a threshold), the UE 505 may determine that the P2P communication is to be relayed, thereby increasing the range when the reaction time to the UE 505 is low due to the high speed. Conversely, if the UE 505 is moving at a relatively low speed (e.g., less than or equal to a threshold), the UE 505 may determine that the P2P communication is not to be relayed, thereby saving resources when the reaction time to the UE 505 is high due to the low speed.

[0073] As shown by reference numeral 540, UE 505 can transmit P2P communications. The P2P communications can include an indication of whether the P2P communications are to be relayed. As shown by reference numeral 545, in some aspects, the indication of whether the P2P communications are to be relayed can be a single bit, where a first value of the bit (e.g., 0) indicates that the P2P communications are not to be relayed, and a second value of the bit (e.g., 1) indicates that the P2P communications are to be relayed. Alternatively, the indication can carry additional information and can be more than one bit.

[0074] As shown in reference numeral 550, in some aspects, P2P communication may include one or more UE identifiers that identify one or more corresponding UEs (e.g., relay UEs) that will relay the P2P communication. In this case, UE 505 (e.g., an originating UE) may determine and explicitly identify the UE that will serve as the relay UE for the P2P communication. In some aspects, UE 505 may determine which UE(s) will serve as the relay UE(s) based at least in part on one or more locations corresponding to one or more neighboring UEs. For example, neighboring UEs associated with low path loss parameters and / or high line of sight parameters, such as UE 515 (e.g., located at the intersection of line of sight with UEs 505, 510, 520, 525, and 530), may be selected to serve as relay UEs to provide a significant improvement in range. Conversely, neighboring UEs associated with high path loss parameters and / or low line of sight parameters, such as UE 510 (e.g., not located at the intersection and without line of sight to UEs 525 and 530), may not be selected to serve as relay UEs.

[0075] To assist in identifying UEs associated with favorable relay conditions (e.g., low path loss, clear line of sight, etc.), the UE 505 may store information (e.g., historical information) indicating path loss parameters, line of sight parameters, etc. associated with various locations. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 505 may receive information indicating such parameters from one or more neighbor UEs and / or one or more base stations 110. The UE 505 may identify one or more neighbor UEs that are in a location with favorable relay conditions and / or within a threshold proximity of a location with favorable relay conditions as potential relay UEs.

[0076] Additionally or alternatively, UE 505 may determine which UE(s) will serve as relay UE(s) based at least in part on the location of UE 505 and one or more locations corresponding to one or more neighbor UEs. For example, UE 505 may determine the distance between UE 505 and the neighbor UE. In some cases, if the distance does not meet (e.g., is less than or equal to) a first threshold, UE 505 may not select the neighbor UE as a potential relay UE due to a relatively small increase in range. Conversely, if the distance meets (e.g., is greater than or equal to) the first threshold, UE 505 may select the neighbor UE as a potential relay UE due to a relatively large increase in range.

[0077] Additionally or alternatively, if the distance satisfies (e.g., is greater than or equal to) a second threshold (e.g., which is greater than the first threshold), then due to the large distance between UE 505 and the neighbor UE, UE 505 may not select the neighbor UE as a potential relay UE, which may reduce the likelihood of the neighbor UE successfully receiving the P2P communication (thereby reducing the likelihood of successful relaying). Conversely, if the distance does not satisfy (e.g., is less than or equal to) the second threshold, then due to the higher likelihood of the neighbor UE successfully receiving the P2P communication, UE 505 may select the neighbor UE as a potential relay UE.

[0078] For example, because the distance between UE 505 and UE 510 is too small, UE 505 may not identify UE 510 as a relay UE, which may result in a suboptimal gain in range (e.g., compared to identifying UE 515 as a relay UE). Additionally, because the distance between UE 505 and UE 520 is too large, UE 505 may not identify UE 520 as a relay UE, which may result in UE 520 not successfully receiving the P2P communication transmitted by UE 505. In this case, because the distance between UE 505 and UE 515 is greater than a first threshold (e.g., resulting in UE 510 not being identified as a relay UE) and less than a second threshold (e.g., resulting in UE 520 not being identified as a relay UE), UE 505 may identify UE 515 as a relay UE.

[0079] As shown in the reference numeral 555, in some aspects, the P2P communication may indicate a relay priority associated with the P2P communication. The relay priority may be used to indicate and / or determine the order in which different P2P communications will be relayed by the relay UE. For example, a P2P communication with a higher relay priority may be relayed before a P2P communication with a lower relay priority (e.g., if other priorities (such as packet priority) are the same). The relay priority may be different from and / or may be indicated separately from the packet priority indicated in the P2P communication. However, in some aspects, the UE 505 may determine the relay priority based at least in part on the packet priority (e.g., indicated by a QoS parameter), such as by assigning a higher relay priority to a P2P communication with a higher packet priority and / or assigning a lower relay priority to a P2P communication with a lower packet priority. In this way, a P2P communication with a higher packet priority may be relayed before a P2P communication with a lower packet priority.

[0080] Additionally or alternatively, the UE 505 may determine the relay priority based at least in part on a range requirement associated with the P2P communication, a range estimate associated with the UE 505, a path loss parameter associated with the UE 505, a speed of the UE 505, etc. For example, the UE 505 may assign a higher relay priority to the P2P communication when the P2P communication is associated with a relatively large range requirement, when the UE 505 is associated with a relatively small estimated range, when the UE 505 is associated with a relatively high path loss parameter, when the UE 505 is associated with a relatively high speed, etc. Conversely, the UE 505 may assign a lower relay priority to the P2P communication when the P2P communication is associated with a relatively small range requirement, when the UE 505 is associated with a relatively large estimated range, when the UE 505 is associated with a relatively low path loss parameter, when the UE 505 is associated with a relatively low speed, etc. In this way, P2P communications with high range requirements may be prioritized, P2P communications from UEs 505 in relatively unfavorable range conditions may be prioritized, and so on.

[0081] Some aspects are described herein in conjunction with P2P communication. These aspects may be applicable to various types of P2P communication and / or similar types of communication, such as V2X communication, D2D communication, sidelink communication, etc.

[0082] As indicated above, Figure 5 are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from those described in Figure 5 Examples described.

[0083] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 of relaying for vehicular communications in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0084] like Figure 6 As shown, various UEs 605, 610, 615, 620, 625, and 630 may be associated with respective vehicles. These UEs may correspond to one or more UEs described elsewhere herein (such as UE 120, UE 305, UE 405, UE 410, UE 415, UE 505, UE 510, UE 515, UE 520, UE 525, UE 530, etc.). For example, Figure 6 UE 605, 610, 615, 620, 625 and 630 in the embodiment may correspond to Figure 5 UEs 505, 510, 515, 520, 525, and 530 in FIG. Figure 6 The UE in FIG is shown as being associated with a vehicle, but in some aspects, Figure 6One or more of the UEs in may not be associated with a vehicle. For example, UEs 605, 610, 615, 620, 625, and / or 630 may be associated with infrastructure, pedestrians, etc. Figure 6 In the example, UE 605 acts as an originating UE and UE 615 may act as a relay UE.

[0085] As shown by reference numeral 635, UE 610 and / or UE 615 may receive a P2P communication including an indication of whether the P2P communication is to be relayed. Figure 5 As described with reference numeral 540, the P2P communication may be transmitted by an originating UE (eg, UE 605). Additionally or alternatively, the P2P communication may include the above-mentioned Figure 5 The described information may include a single-bit indication of whether the UE is to be relayed, one or more UE identifiers identifying one or more corresponding UEs for which P2P communication is to be relayed, an indication of a relay priority for P2P communication, and the like.

[0086] As indicated by reference numeral 640, a UE receiving the P2P communication may determine whether to relay the P2P communication based at least in part on the indication. For example, if the indication indicates that the P2P communication is not to be relayed, the UE receiving the P2P communication may not relay the P2P communication. Conversely, if the indication indicates that the P2P communication is to be relayed, the UE receiving the P2P communication may relay the P2P communication (e.g., if one or more other conditions and / or criteria described below are met).

[0087] Additionally or alternatively, a UE receiving P2P communication may determine whether to relay the P2P communication based at least in part on a location of the UE receiving the P2P communication and / or a UE identifier included in the P2P communication, the UE identifier identifying the UE receiving the P2P communication and associated with a request to the UE receiving the P2P communication to relay the P2P communication. The UE receiving the P2P communication may selectively relay the P2P communication based at least in part on the determination of whether to relay the P2P communication.

[0088] For example, in a P2P communication, if the UE is identified as a relay UE, the UE may relay the P2P communication. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may relay the P2P communication if the UE is associated with favorable relay conditions, as described elsewhere herein (e.g., due to the UE's location, a path loss parameter associated with the UE satisfying the path loss criterion, a line of sight parameter associated with the UE satisfying the line of sight criterion, a range associated with the UE satisfying the range criterion, etc.). As another example, in a P2P communication, if the UE is not identified as a relay UE, the UE may not relay the P2P communication. Additionally or alternatively, if the UE is not associated with favorable relay conditions, the UE may not relay the P2P communication. In this way, a UE located in a favorable position to increase the range of the relayed P2P communication may be configured to act as a relay UE.

[0089] For example, as shown by reference numeral 645, if the UE identifier identifying the UE 610 is not present in the P2P communication, the UE 610 may determine not to relay the P2P communication. In some aspects, the relay condition may be determined based at least in part on the location of the UE 610, a path loss parameter of the UE 610, a line of sight parameter associated with the UE 610, an estimated range associated with the UE 610, a distance between the UE 610 and the originating UE 605, a distance between the UE 610 and a location identified as having good relay conditions (e.g., an intersection, a location identified as having good line of sight relative to other locations, a good range, a good path loss parameter, etc.), etc.

[0090] In some aspects, one or more of the above parameters may be determined and / or estimated by UE 610. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of these parameters may be received from a network device, such as another UE, base station 110, a server (e.g., via base station 110), etc. In this case, the network device may analyze radio performance information associated with multiple UEs associated with the location of UE 610 over time and may determine the one or more parameters based at least in part on the analysis.

[0091] As another example, as shown by reference numeral 650, if a UE identifier identifying UE 615 is present in the P2P communication, UE 615 may determine to relay the P2P communication. Additionally or alternatively (e.g., in the case where the UE identifier is not included in the P2P communication), UE 615 may determine to relay the P2P communication if UE 615 is associated with good relay conditions. As described above, relay conditions may be determined based at least in part on the location of UE 615, a path loss parameter of UE 615, a line of sight parameter associated with UE 615, an estimated range associated with UE 615, a distance between UE 615 and the originating UE 605, a distance between UE 615 and a location identified as having good relay conditions, and the like. As also described above, one or more of the above parameters may be determined and / or estimated by UE 615 and / or may be received from a network device (e.g., another UE, base station 110, a server (e.g., via base station 110), and the like).

[0092] In some aspects, if UE 615 is associated with a poor relay condition, but a UE identifier of UE 615 is present in P2P communications, the presence of the UE identifier may override the poor relay condition, and UE 615 may relay P2P communications. Alternatively, if the UE identifier of UE 615 is present in P2P communications, but UE 615 is associated with a poor relay condition, the poor relay condition may override the presence of the UE identifier, and UE 615 may not relay P2P communications.

[0093] In some aspects, the UE may activate or deactivate relay mode. When relay mode is activated, the UE may relay received P2P communications (e.g., including an indication that the received P2P communications are to be relayed). When relay mode is deactivated, the UE may not relay received P2P communications (e.g., despite including an indication that the received P2P communications are to be relayed). In some aspects, the UE may activate or deactivate relay mode based at least in part on the location of the UE. For example, the location may be associated with relay conditions, and the UE may activate relay mode when relay conditions are favorable (e.g., when path loss parameters, line of sight parameters, range parameters, etc. meet a threshold). Similarly, when relay conditions are unfavorable (e.g., when path loss parameters, line of sight parameters, range parameters, etc. do not meet a threshold), the UE may deactivate relay mode.

[0094] In some aspects, a UE that receives a P2P communication including an indication to relay the P2P communication may prioritize the P2P communication for relaying based at least in part on a relay priority associated with the P2P communication. Figure 5As described, in some aspects, a relay priority can be indicated in a P2P communication. Additionally or alternatively, a UE receiving the P2P communication can determine a relay priority for the P2P communication. For example, the UE can determine the relay priority based at least in part on a packet priority of the P2P communication, a range requirement associated with the P2P communication, a range estimate associated with the originating UE, a path loss parameter associated with the originating UE, a speed of the originating UE, etc., as described above in conjunction with Figure 5 described.

[0095] Additionally or alternatively, a UE receiving P2P communications may determine relay priority for the P2P communications based at least in part on the location of the originating UE and / or the distance between the UE and the originating UE. For example, the UE may prioritize P2P communications received from originating UEs that are farther away from the UE, thereby providing greater range for those P2P communications. Alternatively, the UE may prioritize P2P communications received from originating UEs that are closer to the UE, thereby providing better response time.

[0096] In some aspects, a UE receiving a P2P communication may determine whether to relay the P2P communication based at least in part on a determination of whether the P2P communication has already been relayed by another UE. For example, the UE may receive the P2P communication, compare the P2P communication to previously received P2P communications, and if the P2P communication was previously received, then the newly received P2P communication may be discarded (e.g., not relayed). If the P2P communication was not previously received, then the UE may relay the P2P communication. In this manner, network resources and UE resources (e.g., processing power, memory, battery power, etc.) may be conserved by avoiding unnecessary relaying of P2P communications.

[0097] In some aspects, a UE receiving a P2P communication may determine a rate at which the P2P communication and one or more other P2P communications will be relayed (e.g., the number of relay transmissions per time period). In some aspects, the UE may determine the rate based at least in part on an indication received from another device (e.g., base station 110, another UE, etc.). In some aspects, base station 110 and / or a core network device associated with base station 110 may determine the rate and may indicate the rate to the UE (e.g., periodically, in system information, in a radio resource control (RRC) message, etc.). Additionally or alternatively, the UE may determine the rate based at least in part on a congestion level of a network associated with the P2P communication (e.g., a congestion level of one or more sidelink channels carrying the P2P communication). For example, when the network is more congested, the relay rate may be reduced, and when the network is less congested, the relay rate may be increased, thereby improving reliability and increasing range when congestion is low, while also preventing relays from overloading the network when the network is congested.

[0098] Some aspects are described herein in conjunction with P2P communication. These aspects may be applicable to various types of P2P communication and / or similar types of communication, such as V2X communication, D2D communication, sidelink communication, etc.

[0099] As indicated above, Figure 6 are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from those described in Figure 6 Examples described.

[0100] Figure 7 7 is a diagram illustrating an example process 700, for example, performed by a UE, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Example process 700 is an example of operations in which a UE (e.g., UE 120, 305, 405, 410, 415, 505, 510, 515, 520, 525, 530, 605, 610, 615, 620, 625, 630, etc.) performs operations associated with relaying for vehicular communications. In some aspects, example process 700 may be performed by an originating UE.

[0101] like Figure 7 As shown, in some aspects, process 700 may include determining whether peer-to-peer (P2P) communications are to be relayed based at least in part on the UE's location and a range requirement associated with the P2P communications (block 710). For example, the UE (e.g., using controller / processor 280, etc.) may determine whether the P2P communications are to be relayed based at least in part on the UE's location and a range requirement associated with the P2P communications, as described above in conjunction with Figure 5 described.

[0102] like Figure 7 As further shown in FIG. 7 , in some aspects, process 700 may include transmitting a P2P communication, wherein the P2P communication includes an indication of whether the P2P communication is to be relayed (block 720). For example, a UE (e.g., using controller / processor 280, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, MOD 254, antenna 252, etc.) may transmit the P2P communication, as described above in conjunction with FIG. Figure 5 In some aspects, the P2P communication includes an indication of whether the P2P communication is to be relayed.

[0103] Process 700 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0104] In a first aspect, the indication is a single bit.

[0105] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the P2P communication includes one or more UE identifiers that identify one or more corresponding UEs that will relay the P2P communication.

[0106] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the one or more UE identifiers are determined at least in part based on at least one of: the location of the UE, one or more locations corresponding to the one or more corresponding UEs, a range requirement associated with P2P communication, or a combination thereof.

[0107] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the one or more UE identifiers are determined at least in part based on at least one of: determining that the one or more corresponding UEs are at a distance from the UE that satisfies one or more thresholds, determining that the one or more corresponding UEs are located within a threshold proximity of a location identified as having a line-of-sight parameter that satisfies a criterion (e.g., a low-obstacle location with few or no obstacles between the UE and the one or more corresponding UEs), determining that the one or more corresponding UEs are associated with a path loss parameter that satisfies a condition, or a combination thereof.

[0108] In a fifth aspect, determining whether a P2P communication is to be relayed is further based at least in part on at least one of: a priority associated with the P2P communication, a range estimate associated with the UE, a path loss parameter associated with the UE, a speed of the UE, or a combination thereof, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects.

[0109] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the P2P communication indicates a relay priority associated with the P2P communication, wherein the relay priority is indicated separately from a packet priority indicated in the P2P communication.

[0110] In a seventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the relay priority is determined at least in part based on at least one of: a packet priority associated with P2P communication, a range requirement associated with P2P communication, a range estimate associated with the UE, a path loss parameter associated with the UE, a speed of the UE, or a combination thereof.

[0111] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, the P2P communication is vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

[0112] although Figure 7 Example blocks of process 700 are shown, but in some aspects, process 700 may include Figure 77. In some embodiments, the process 700 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks of process 700 may be executed in parallel.

[0113] Figure 8 8 is a diagram illustrating an example process 800 performed, for example, by a UE, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Example process 800 is an example of operations in which a UE (e.g., UE 120, 305, 405, 410, 415, 505, 510, 515, 520, 525, 530, 605, 610, 615, 620, 625, 630, etc.) performs operations associated with relaying for vehicular communications. In some aspects, example process 800 may be performed by a relay UE.

[0114] like Figure 8 As shown in FIG, in some aspects, process 800 may include receiving a peer-to-peer (P2P) communication that includes an indication of whether the P2P communication is to be relayed (block 810). For example, a UE (e.g., using antenna 252, DEMOD 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, controller / processor 280, etc.) may receive a P2P communication that includes an indication of whether the P2P communication is to be relayed, as described above in conjunction with FIG. Figure 6 described.

[0115] like Figure 8 As further shown, in some aspects, process 800 may include determining whether to relay the P2P communication based at least in part on the indication and at least one of: a location of the UE or a UE identifier included in the P2P communication, the UE identifier identifying the UE and associated with the request for the UE to relay the P2P communication (block 820). For example, the UE (e.g., using controller / processor 280, etc.) may determine whether to relay the P2P communication based at least in part on the indication, as described above in conjunction with Figure 6 Additionally or alternatively, the UE may determine whether to relay the P2P communication based at least in part on at least one of: a location of the UE or a UE identifier included in the P2P communication, the UE identifier identifying the UE and associated with the request for the UE to relay the P2P communication.

[0116] like Figure 8 As further shown in FIG. 8 , in some aspects, process 800 may include selectively relaying P2P communications based at least in part on determining whether to relay P2P communications (block 830). For example, a UE (e.g., using controller / processor 280, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, MOD 254, antenna 252, etc.) may selectively relay P2P communications based at least in part on determining whether to relay P2P communications, as described above in conjunction with FIG. Figure 6 described.

[0117] Process 800 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0118] In a first aspect, the indication is a single bit.

[0119] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, P2P communications are relayed based at least in part on determining that a UE identifier is included in the P2P communications.

[0120] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, determining whether to relay P2P communications is based at least in part on a path loss parameter associated with the location of the UE.

[0121] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, a path loss parameter is estimated by a UE.

[0122] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the path loss parameter is received from a network device.

[0123] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the path loss parameter is determined based at least in part on analyzing radio performance information associated with a plurality of UEs associated with the UE location.

[0124] In a seventh aspect, determining whether to relay P2P communications, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, is based at least in part on: a distance between the UE and an originating UE from which the P2P communications are received, a distance between the UE and a low-obstruction location identified as having line-of-sight parameters that satisfy a criterion (e.g., a location with few or no obstacles between the UE and the originating UE), or a combination thereof.

[0125] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, determining whether to relay P2P communications is based at least in part on whether relay mode is activated for the UE.

[0126] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, the relay mode is activated based at least in part on the location of the UE.

[0127] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, P2P communications are prioritized for relaying based at least in part on a relay priority associated with the P2P communications.

[0128] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, relay priority is indicated in P2P communication.

[0129] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects, the relay priority is determined at least in part based on at least one of: a packet priority associated with the P2P communication, a range requirement associated with the P2P communication, a distance between the UE and an originating UE from which the P2P communication is received, a speed of the originating UE, a location of the originating UE, or a combination thereof.

[0130] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twelfth aspects, determining whether to relay the P2P communication is based at least in part on determining whether the P2P communication has already been relayed by another UE.

[0131] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to thirteenth aspects, the P2P communication is vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

[0132] In a fifteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of aspects one to fourteen, the rate at which multiple P2P communications (including the P2P communication) are relayed is determined at least in part based on one or more of: an indication from a base station, an indication from another UE, a congestion level of a network associated with the multiple P2P communications, or a combination thereof.

[0133] although Figure 8 Example blocks of process 800 are shown, but in some aspects, process 800 may include Figure 8 8. In some embodiments, the process 800 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks of process 800 may be executed in parallel.

[0134] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.

[0135] As used herein, the term component is intended to be broadly interpreted as hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software.As used herein, a processor is implemented in hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0136] Some aspects are described herein in conjunction with thresholds. As used herein, satisfying a threshold may mean: a value is greater than a threshold, greater than or equal to a threshold, less than a threshold, less than or equal to a threshold, equal to a threshold, not equal to a threshold, etc.

[0137] It will be apparent that the systems and / or methods described herein can be implemented in various forms of hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods does not limit the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of these systems and / or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code—it is understood that software and hardware can be designed to implement these systems and / or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein.

[0138] Although specific feature combinations are described in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. In fact, many of these features can be combined in a manner not specifically described in the claims and / or not disclosed in the specification. Although each dependent claim listed below can be directly subordinate to only one claim, the disclosure of various aspects includes that each dependent claim is combined with each other claim in this group of claims. The phrase quoting "at least one of" a column of items refers to any combination of these items, including single members. As an example, "at least one of a, b or c" is intended to encompass: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, and abc, as well as any combination with multiple identical elements (e.g., aa, aaa, aab, aac, abb, acc, bb, bbb, bbc, cc, and ccc, or any other arrangement of a, b and c).

[0139] The elements, actions or instructions used herein should not be interpreted as critical or necessary unless explicitly described as such. Moreover, as used herein, the articles "one" and "a" are intended to include one or more items and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the terms "set" and "group" are intended to include one or more items (e.g., related items, non-related items, a combination of related and non-related items, etc.) and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". Where it is intended to be for only one item, the term "only one" or similar language is used. Moreover, as used herein, the terms "having", "containing", "comprising" etc. are intended to be open terms. In addition, the phrase "based on" is intended to mean "based at least in part on", unless otherwise explicitly stated.

Claims

1. A wireless communication method performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: determining that peer-to-peer (P2P) communications are to be relayed based at least in part on a location of the UE, a range requirement associated with the P2P communication, and a speed at which the UE is moving that is greater than or equal to a threshold speed; as well as The P2P communication is transmitted, wherein the P2P communication includes an indication that the P2P communication is to be relayed. The method of claim 1 , wherein the indication is a single bit.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the P2P communication includes one or more UE identifiers, the one or more UE identifiers identifying one or more corresponding UEs to relay the P2P communication.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the one or more UE identifiers are determined based at least in part on at least one of: the location of the UE, one or more locations corresponding to the one or more corresponding UEs, the range requirement associated with the P2P communication, or Its combination.

5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the one or more UE identifiers are determined based at least in part on at least one of: determining that the one or more corresponding UEs are located at a distance from the UE that satisfies one or more thresholds, determining that the one or more corresponding UEs are located within a threshold proximity of a low-obstruction location identified as having a line-of-sight parameter that satisfies a line-of-sight criterion, determining that the one or more corresponding UEs are associated with a path loss parameter that satisfies a path loss criterion, or Its combination.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining whether the P2P communication is to be relayed is further based at least in part on at least one of: a priority associated with the P2P communication, a range estimate associated with the UE, a path loss parameter associated with the UE, or Its combination.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the P2P communication indicates a relay priority associated with the P2P communication, wherein the relay priority is indicated separately from a packet priority indicated in the P2P communication.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the relay priority is determined based at least in part on at least one of: a packet priority associated with said P2P communication, the range requirement associated with the P2P communication, a range estimate associated with the UE, a path loss parameter associated with the UE, the speed at which the UE is moving, or Its combination.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the P2P communication is vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

10. A wireless communication method performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving a peer-to-peer (P2P) communication from an originating UE, the P2P communication including an indication of whether the P2P communication is to be relayed; determining whether to relay the P2P communication based at least in part on the indication, a relay priority, and at least one of: The location of the UE, or a UE identifier included in the P2P communication, the UE identifier identifying the UE and associated with a request for the UE to relay the P2P communication, wherein the relay priority is determined based at least in part on a speed at which the originating UE is moving; and The P2P communication is selectively relayed based at least in part on determining whether to relay the P2P communication. The method of claim 10 , wherein the indication is a single bit.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the P2P communication is relayed based at least in part on determining that the UE identifier is included in the P2P communication.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein determining whether to relay the P2P communication is based at least in part on a path loss parameter associated with a location of the UE. The method of claim 13 , wherein the path loss parameter is estimated by the UE.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the path loss parameter is received from a network device.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein the path loss parameter is determined based at least in part on analyzing radio performance information associated with a plurality of UEs associated with a location of the UE.

17. The method of claim 10, wherein determining whether to relay the P2P communication is based at least in part on: a distance between the UE and an originating UE from which the P2P communication is received, the distance between the UE and a low-obstacle location identified as having line-of-sight parameters that satisfy the line-of-sight criterion, or Its combination.

18. The method of claim 10, wherein determining whether to relay the P2P communication is based at least in part on whether a relay mode is activated for the UE.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the relay mode is activated based at least in part on a location of the UE.

20. The method of claim 10, wherein the P2P communication is prioritized for relaying based at least in part on the relay priority. The method of claim 20 , wherein the relay priority is indicated in the P2P communication.

22. The method of claim 20, wherein the relay priority is determined based at least in part on at least one of: a packet priority associated with said P2P communication, the range requirements associated with the P2P communication, a distance between the UE and an originating UE from which the P2P communication is received, The location of the originating UE, or Its combination.

23. The method of claim 10, wherein determining whether to relay the P2P communication is based at least in part on determining whether the P2P communication has been relayed by another UE.

24. The method of claim 10, wherein the P2P communication is vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

25. The method of claim 10, wherein a rate at which a plurality of P2P communications, including the P2P communication, are relayed is determined based at least in part on one or more of: Instructions from the base station, Instructions from another UE, a congestion level of a network associated with the plurality of P2P communications, or Its combination.

26. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising: Memory; as well as one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors being configured to: determining that peer-to-peer (P2P) communications are to be relayed based at least in part on a location of the UE, a range requirement associated with the P2P communication, and a speed at which the UE is moving that is greater than or equal to a threshold speed; as well as The P2P communication is transmitted, wherein the P2P communication includes an indication that the P2P communication is to be relayed. The UE of claim 26 , wherein the indication is a single bit.

28. The UE of claim 26, wherein the P2P communication includes one or more UE identifiers, the one or more UE identifiers identifying one or more corresponding UEs that are to relay the P2P communication.

29. The UE of claim 28, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to determine the one or more UE identifiers based at least in part on at least one of: the location of the UE, one or more locations corresponding to the one or more corresponding UEs, the range requirement associated with the P2P communication, or Its combination.

30. The UE of claim 28, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to determine the one or more UE identifiers based at least in part on at least one of: determining that the one or more corresponding UEs are located at a distance from the UE that satisfies one or more thresholds, determining that the one or more corresponding UEs are located within a threshold proximity of a low-obstruction location identified as having a line-of-sight parameter that satisfies a line-of-sight criterion, determining that the one or more corresponding UEs are associated with a path loss parameter that satisfies a path loss criterion, or Its combination.

31. The UE of claim 26, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to perform a determination that the P2P communication is to be relayed based further at least in part on at least one of: a priority associated with the P2P communication, a range estimate associated with the UE, a path loss parameter associated with the UE, or Its combination.

32. The UE of claim 26, wherein the P2P communication indicates a relay priority associated with the P2P communication, wherein the relay priority is indicated separately from a packet priority indicated in the P2P communication.

33. The UE of claim 32, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to determine the relay priority based at least in part on at least one of: a packet priority associated with said P2P communication, the range requirement associated with the P2P communication, a range estimate associated with the UE, a path loss parameter associated with the UE, the speed at which the UE is moving, or Its combination.

34. The UE of claim 26, wherein the P2P communication is vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

35. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising: Memory; as well as one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors being configured to: receiving a peer-to-peer (P2P) communication from an originating UE, the P2P communication including an indication of whether the P2P communication is to be relayed; determining whether to relay the P2P communication based at least in part on the indication, a relay priority, and at least one of: The location of the UE, or a UE identifier included in the P2P communication, the UE identifier identifying the UE and associated with a request for the UE to relay the P2P communication, wherein the relay priority is determined based at least in part on a speed at which the originating UE is moving; and The P2P communication is selectively relayed based at least in part on determining whether to relay the P2P communication.

36. The UE of claim 35, wherein the indication is a single bit.

37. The UE of claim 35, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to selectively relay the P2P communication based at least in part on determining that the UE identifier is included in the P2P communication.

38. The UE of claim 35, wherein the determination of whether to relay the P2P communication is based at least in part on a path loss parameter associated with a location of the UE.

39. The UE of claim 38, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to estimate the path loss parameter.

40. The UE of claim 38, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to receive the path loss parameter from a network device.

41. The UE of claim 38, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to determine the path loss parameter based at least in part on analyzing radio performance information associated with a plurality of UEs associated with a location of the UE.

42. The UE of claim 35 , wherein the determination of whether to relay the P2P communication is based at least in part on: a distance between the UE and an originating UE from which the P2P communication is received, the distance between the UE and a low-obstacle location identified as having line-of-sight parameters that satisfy the line-of-sight criterion, or Its combination.

43. The UE of claim 35, wherein the determination of whether to relay the P2P communication is based at least in part on whether a relay mode is activated for the UE.

44. The UE of claim 43, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to activate the relay mode based at least in part on a location of the UE.

45. The UE of claim 35, wherein the P2P communication is prioritized for relaying based at least in part on the relay priority.

46. The UE of claim 45, wherein the relay priority is indicated in the P2P communication.

47. The UE of claim 45, wherein the relay priority is determined based at least in part on at least one of: a packet priority associated with said P2P communication, the range requirements associated with the P2P communication, The distance between the UE and the originating UE, The location of the originating UE, or Its combination.

48. The UE of claim 35, wherein the determination of whether to relay the P2P communication is based at least in part on a determination of whether the P2P communication has been relayed by another UE.

49. The UE of claim 35, wherein the P2P communication is vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

50. The UE of claim 35, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to determine a rate at which a plurality of P2P communications, including the P2P communication, are relayed based at least in part on one or more of: Instructions from the base station, Instructions from another UE, a congestion level of a network associated with the plurality of P2P communications, or Its combination.

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