A device for safely shearing specimens of upsetting machines

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for safely shearing samples of a upsetting machine, which comprises a fixing frame. The fixing frame is provided with a cutter. Below the cutter, there is a base. The base is connected to the fixing frame through a first lifting mechanism. The first lifting mechanism is used to move the base up and down along the extending direction of the cutter. A transverse groove is formed in the base. A fixing hole for placing a sample is formed in the transverse groove. Above the fixing hole corresponding to the transverse groove, there is a sleeve. During the up and down movement of the base relative to the cutter, the movement stroke of the blade of the cutter is limited within the sleeve. The present invention realizes safe shearing by changing the working stroke limit of the shearing machine, stops the movement track of the blade for shearing the sample within the sleeve, avoids the misalignment phenomenon caused by the blade breaking away from the sleeve, eliminates potential safety hazards, shortens the shearing working stroke and improves the working efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shearing machines for upsetting tests, and more particularly to a device for safely shearing samples of upsetting machines. Background Art

[0002] The upsetting test method for metal materials is to compress the sample by applying pressure along the axis of the sample at room temperature or in a hot state, to test the metal's ability to withstand plastic deformation under the specified forging ratio, and to display metal surface defects. The upsetting test is mainly used to study the quality of metal materials during mass production of die-cast parts. The equipment used for upsetting tests usually has three functions: straightening, shearing, and flattening. According to production needs, a section of the test block is generally cut from the disc, and it must be straightened before being processed into a sample. The height size of the sample cut after straightening must meet the height error requirements. The rapid upsetting test machine is equipped with stations and accessories for straightening and shearing the sample. The three stations of straightening, shearing, and flattening are integrated and concentrated on one machine for operation, so that the testing machine can achieve the highest efficiency and economic benefits.

[0003] The size and height of the specimen and the height of the specimen after flattening need to be guaranteed to meet the requirements of the national standard GB / T233-2000. One of the important provisions of GB / T233-2000 is that the specimen must not be twisted or forged during the test. Therefore, when shearing, the equipment should be equipped with a structure and fine-tuning device to ensure the height error and a shearing guide device to ensure that the shearing procedure during the test is complete and reliable. However, when the existing equipment is actually used, the blade is easy to detach from the sleeve when the shearing machine moves back and forth. After observation and research, it was found that this is caused by the misalignment between the blade and the sleeve gap, and it is easy to cause the blade to break and splash and injure the operator. Especially when shearing high-carbon steel or high-alloy steel, due to the high hardness of the specimen, not only the blade may be more likely to break, but also the specimen may break or fly out, which poses a great safety hazard. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for safely shearing a specimen of an upset forging machine. The present invention achieves safe shearing by changing the limit of the working stroke of the shearing machine, and keeps the movement trajectory of the shearing specimen of the blade in the sleeve, avoiding the misalignment caused by the blade leaving the sleeve, eliminating safety hazards, shortening the shearing working stroke and improving work efficiency.

[0005] The above technical object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A device for safely shearing samples of a upsetting machine, including a fixed frame, the fixed frame is provided with a cutter, a base is arranged below the cutter, the base is connected to the fixed frame through a first lifting mechanism, and the first lifting mechanism is used to move the base up and down along the extending direction of the cutter; a transverse groove is opened on the base, a fixing hole for placing a sample is opened in the transverse groove, and a sleeve is arranged above the fixing hole corresponding to the transverse groove; during the up and down movement of the base relative to the cutter, the movement stroke of the blade of the cutter is limited within the sleeve.

[0006] In one embodiment, the bottom surface of the transverse groove is arranged obliquely from one end to the other end of the transverse groove, and the angle α formed by the bottom surface of the transverse groove and the horizontal plane is 15°-20°.

[0007] In one embodiment, a detachable protective baffle is arranged on one side of the base corresponding to the end with a lower height of the bottom surface of the transverse groove, and the protective baffle is used to cover the end opening of the transverse groove.

[0008] In one embodiment, sliding grooves are arranged on both sides of the base corresponding to the protective baffle, and the fixed frame is provided with a second lifting mechanism connected to the protective baffle, and the second lifting mechanism is used to enable the protective baffle to reciprocate up and down along the sliding grooves.

[0009] In one embodiment, the width of the protective baffle is greater than the width of the transverse groove, the length of the protective baffle is greater than the height of the transverse groove, and the width of the upper end of the protective baffle is greater than the distance between the two sliding grooves.

[0010] In one embodiment, an upper limit switch and a lower limit switch adapted to the movement stroke of the base are arranged on the fixed frame.

[0011] In one embodiment, sleeve assemblies adapted to the cutter are respectively arranged on both sides in the transverse groove, and the two sleeve assemblies are combined to form the sleeve.

[0012] In one embodiment, through holes are opened on the base corresponding to the sleeve assemblies, and the two sleeve assemblies are respectively connected with locking rods adapted to the through holes.

[0013] In one embodiment, both the first lifting mechanism and the second lifting mechanism are lifting cylinders.

[0014] In one embodiment, the first lifting mechanism, the second lifting mechanism, the upper limit switch and the lower limit switch are all signal-connected to a PLC control system.

[0015] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. The present invention realizes safe shearing by changing the working stroke limit of the shearing machine, keeping the movement track of the blade for shearing the sample within the sleeve, avoiding the misalignment phenomenon caused by the blade disengaging from the sleeve, eliminating potential safety hazards, shortening the shearing working stroke, and improving work efficiency.

[0017] 2. By restricting the relative movement between the tool and the base, the present device ensures that during the up-and-down movement of the tool relative to the base, it will not be out of the limit and protection of the sleeve. The sleeve forms an effective guiding effect on the blade of the tool. Since the position can be adjusted before the test to ensure the alignment of the sleeve with the sample placed in the fixed hole, during the entire process, when the tool moves up and down relative to the base, the blade can correctly shear the sample or perform upsetting tests, avoiding dangerous situations such as the blade of the tool being misaligned under force and cracking and splashing.

[0018] 3. The present device utilizes the inclined bottom surface of the transverse groove to place and remove the sample from this inclined surface, avoiding the problem of difficult placement and removal of the sample due to the too-close distance between the tool and the base. There is no need to adjust the position of the base and realign the position relationship between the sleeve and the tool every time the sample is placed or removed. While eliminating potential safety hazards in cooperation with the setting of the positions of the tool and the base, this inclined surface structure greatly improves work efficiency.

[0019] 4. A protective baffle is added to the base of the shearing machine, and the lifting cylinder of the protective baffle is used for interlocking control. When shearing the sample, the protective baffle automatically closes, and after shearing is completed, the lifting cylinder automatically opens the protective baffle to complete the safety protection operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for safely shearing samples of an upsetting machine according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a working state diagram of a device for safely shearing samples of an upsetting machine according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is a side cross-sectional view of the base of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an upsetting shearing machine in the prior art.

[0024] In the figure: 1 - fixed frame, 2 - tool, 3 - base, 4 - first lifting mechanism, 5 - transverse groove, 6 - fixed hole, 7 - sleeve, 8 - protective baffle, 9 - chute, 10 - second lifting mechanism, 11 - upper limit switch, 12 - lower limit switch, 13 - through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, a device for safely shearing specimens of a upsetting press includes a fixed frame 1. The fixed frame 1 is provided with a cutter 2. Below the cutter 2 is provided a base 3. The base 3 is connected to the fixed frame 1 through a first lifting mechanism 4. The first lifting mechanism 4 is used to move the base 3 up and down along the extension direction of the cutter 2; a transverse groove 5 is formed in the base 3, and a fixing hole 6 for placing a specimen is formed in the transverse groove 5. Above the fixing hole 6 in the transverse groove 5 is provided a sleeve 7; during the process of the base 3 moving up and down relative to the cutter 2, the movement stroke of the blade of the cutter 2 is limited within the sleeve 7. The present invention realizes safe shearing by changing the working stroke limit of the shearing machine, and stops the movement track of the blade for shearing the specimen within the sleeve 7, avoiding the misalignment phenomenon caused by the blade breaking away from the sleeve 7, eliminating potential safety hazards, shortening the shearing working stroke and improving work efficiency.

[0027] In the upsetting test, especially in the cold upsetting test carried out at room temperature, in order to facilitate the placement of specimens and the replacement of the cutter 2, etc., the relative movement distance between the cutter 2 and the base 3 is often large. However, this will cause a deviation between the cutter 2 and the sleeve 7 therein when the cutter 2 is moved back into the base 3 again, and then it is misaligned with the specimen placed on the fixing hole 6; moreover, different from the hot upsetting test, the cold upsetting test only needs to be in a room temperature state and there is no sealed or semi-sealed heating device. In order to save production materials and facilitate the operator's observation, the transverse groove 5 on the base 3 basically runs through the entire base 3, which is likely to cause accidents such as the blade cracking and splashing and hurting the operator. This device restricts the relative movement between the cutter 2 and the base 3, so that during the process of the cutter 2 moving up and down relative to the base 3, it will not break away from the limit and protection of the sleeve 7. The sleeve 7 forms an effective guiding effect on the blade of the cutter 2. Since the position can be adjusted before the test starts to ensure that the sleeve 7 is aligned with the specimen placed on the fixing hole 6, in this way, during the whole process, when the cutter 2 moves up and down relative to the base 3, the blade can correctly shear the specimen or carry out the upsetting test, avoiding dangerous situations such as the blade of the cutter 2 being misaligned due to force and cracking and splashing.

[0028] In one embodiment, the bottom surface of the transverse groove 5 is arranged obliquely from one end of the transverse groove 5 to the other end, and the angle α formed by the bottom surface of the transverse groove 5 and the horizontal plane is 15°-20°. The bottom surface of the transverse groove 5 forms an inclined surface, so that it has a certain protective effect at the higher end. Even if the blade cracks, it is not easy to fly out; while at the lower end, there is enough space to place the specimen into the fixing hole 6. Moreover, when taking out the specimen, the specimen can be jacked up from the fixing hole 6 and then slide out along the inclined surface, avoiding the problem of difficult specimen taking and placing due to the too-close distance between the cutting tool 2 and the base 3. There is no need to adjust the position of the base 3 and realign the position relationship between the sleeve 7 and the cutting tool 2 every time the specimen is taken and placed. This inclined surface structure eliminates potential safety hazards while setting the positions of the cutting tool 2 and the base 3, and greatly improves work efficiency.

[0029] In one embodiment, a detachable protective baffle 8 is provided on one side of the base 3 corresponding to the lower end of the bottom surface height of the transverse groove 5, and the protective baffle 8 is used to cover the end opening of the transverse groove 5. Due to the structure of the inclined surface, if the blade cracks due to factors such as the aging of the cutting tool 2, the lower end of the inclined surface is likely to cause the cracked blades to fly out concentratedly. Therefore, the protective baffle 8 is used in combination to provide further protection and further eliminate potential safety hazards. In addition, sliding grooves 9 are provided on both sides of the base 3 corresponding to the protective baffle 8, and the fixing frame 1 is provided with a second lifting mechanism 10 connected to the protective baffle 8. The second lifting mechanism 10 is used to enable the protective baffle 8 to reciprocate up and down along the sliding grooves 9. Through the limitation and guidance of the sliding grooves 9, the movement of the protective baffle 8 fits the side of the base 3 to block the opening formed by the transverse groove 5. Furthermore, the protective baffle 8 can be controlled by a control system to ensure that processes such as upset forging and shearing are not performed when the protective baffle 8 is not closed. The width of the protective baffle 8 is greater than the width of the transverse groove 5, and the length of the protective baffle 8 is greater than the height of the transverse groove 5. Thus, the protective baffle 8 can completely block the end opening of the transverse groove 5, and the width of the upper end of the protective baffle 8 is greater than the distance between the two sliding grooves 9, so that the protective baffle 8 has a limiting effect, avoiding the situation that the base 3 moves up or the second lifting mechanism 10 moves down too much, resulting in the non-correspondence between the protective baffle 8 and the transverse groove 5, and avoiding the reduction of safety due to control errors of the control system.

[0030] In one embodiment, an upper limit switch 11 and a lower limit switch 12 adapted to the movement stroke of the base 3 are provided on the fixing frame 1. According to the relative displacement relationship between the cutting tool 2 and the base 3 set above, the upper and lower limits corresponding to the movement of the base 3 are set to ensure that during the movement of the base 3, the movement stroke of the blade of the cutting tool 2 is always limited within the sleeve 7 in the base 3. The upper limit switch 11 and the lower limit switch 12 ensure that the movement of the base 3 does not exceed the corresponding position, so that the blade of the cutting tool 2 always remains centered, reducing the possibility of blade cracking.

[0031] In one embodiment, sleeve assemblies adapted to the tool 2 are respectively provided on both sides within the transverse groove 5, and the two sleeve assemblies are combined to form a sleeve 7. The shape of the sleeve 7 can be designed to fit the outer shape of the tool 2. If it is formed into a cylindrical shape, the sleeve 7 and the fixing hole 6 need to be coaxially arranged to ensure that the blade of the tool 2 moves relatively up and down along the sleeve 7, so as to complete the centering with the specimen placed on the fixing hole 6. The sleeve 7 can also be a square hole in the middle, which is easier to fit with the tool 2. Moreover, when it cannot be fitted, the tool 2 and the base 3 cannot move relatively, thereby avoiding the cracking of the blade when not fitted. The sleeve 7 should be made of wear-resistant hard material. In addition, through holes 13 are provided in the base 3 corresponding to the sleeve assemblies, and locking rods adapted to the through holes 13 are respectively connected to the two sleeve assemblies. The two sleeve assemblies can be locked by the cooperation of the locking rods and the through holes 13, so that the formed sleeve 7 is fixed in the transverse groove 5 of the base 3. During use, fine adjustment can be performed through the locking rods, and the limiting position of the sleeve 7 can be adjusted again according to the blade position to avoid the problem of misalignment caused by machining part errors or installation errors.

[0032] In one embodiment, both the first lifting mechanism 4 and the second lifting mechanism 10 are lifting cylinders. A telescopic rod device such as a hydraulic rod can also be used here. Using a lifting cylinder can facilitate unified control in combination with the control system. Moreover, a lifting cylinder is a pneumatic actuator that converts the pressure energy of compressed gas into mechanical cylinder energy in pneumatic transmission, which is relatively more stable and accurate. A single-acting cylinder can be used: there is only a piston rod at one end, and air is supplied from one side of the piston to accumulate energy to generate air pressure, and the air pressure pushes the piston to generate a thrust to extend, and it returns by spring or its own weight; or a double-acting cylinder can be used: air is supplied alternately from both sides of the piston, and force is output in one or two directions. The first lifting mechanism 4, the second lifting mechanism 10, the upper limit switch 11, and the lower limit switch 12 are all signal-connected to the PLC control system. This device connects the relevant control elements to the same existing PLC control system. Through unified control and distribution adjustment, the corresponding mechanisms are started or closed at the appropriate control time. For example, during shearing work, first control the lifting cylinder of the second lifting mechanism 10 to move downward, so as to close the protective baffle 8 to cover the end opening of the transverse groove 5, and then control the lifting cylinder of the first lifting mechanism 4 to move the base 3 closer to the tool 2. During the movement of the base 3, its movement stroke is restricted by the upper limit switch 11 and the lower limit switch 12. Through the induction of the upper limit switch 11 and the lower limit switch 12, the continuous movement of the base 3 in the same direction can be stopped in time, or it can be immediately reversed to avoid deviating from the original stroke route.

[0033] The working principle of this device is as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, and by comparison Figure 4, this device changes the upper limit switch 11 and the lower limit switch 12 of the base 3 of the shearing machine, thereby reducing the range of the up and down movement of the base 3 relative to the cutting tool 2, and restricting the movement of the blade of the cutting tool 2 within the sleeve 7. Before shearing, place the specimen on the fixing hole 6 and ensure that the blade of the cutting tool 2 is located at the upper inner end of the sleeve 7. Fine-tune the positions of the two sleeve components of the sleeve 7 to align the blade with the specimen on the fixing hole 6. The PLC control system controls the second lifting mechanism 10 to lower the protective baffle 8 along the two sliding grooves 9 on the side of the base 3, and cover the end opening of the transverse groove 5. Since the protective baffle 8 has a relatively wide upper end, the protective baffle 8 will not detach from the side of the base 3, nor will it be unable to completely cover the side end face of the transverse groove 5 due to excessive lowering position.

[0034] During shearing, control the first lifting mechanism 4 to move the base 3 upward to get closer to the cutting tool 2. The protective baffle 8 moves synchronously with the base 3, and the blade of the cutting tool 2 performs the shearing process. During the process, the blade must not detach from the sleeve 7. In this way, since the blade on the cutting tool 2 always moves relatively up and down along the sleeve 7, it will not shift due to the loosening of the cutting tool 2, thereby reducing the possibility of blade cracking. In addition, even if the blade cracks during shearing due to other factors such as the aging of the cutting tool 2, then at the higher end of the inclined surface formed on the bottom surface of the transverse groove 5, with the cooperation of the protective baffle 8, the specimen located in the transverse groove 5 and the blade at this time are in a semi-closed space, and are blocked by equipment mechanisms at various positions. Even if the blade cracks, it is not easy to fly out, ensuring the personal safety of the operator. In addition, due to the inclined setting of the bottom surface of the transverse groove 5, it is more convenient to collect the cracked blade fragments subsequently. They can slide out along the bottom surface of the transverse groove 5, avoiding the fragments falling into the gaps of other mechanisms and being difficult to clean.

[0035] After shearing, the base 3 moves downward relative to the cutting tool 2. After ensuring that no blade cracking or other special situations occur, control the second lifting mechanism 10 to lift the protective baffle 8. Utilizing the inclined surface of the bottom surface of the transverse groove 5, only by pushing the specimen out of the fixing hole 6, the specimen can slide out along the inclined surface. The pushing of the specimen can be achieved by setting a corresponding small push rod or setting the lower end of the fixing hole 6 as an openable and closable through hole.

[0036] The present invention realizes safe shearing by changing the working stroke limit of the shearing machine, and realizes the safe and rapid shearing of the specimen by adding a safety baffle 8, an electric lifting cylinder, a cutting inclined surface on the bottom surface of the transverse groove 5 and an interlock control circuit. The stop limit switch of the shearing machine is adjusted to stop the movement track of the blade for shearing the specimen within the sleeve 7, avoiding the misalignment phenomenon caused by the blade disengaging from the sleeve 7, eliminating potential safety hazards, shortening the shearing working stroke and improving the working efficiency. A protective baffle 8 is added to the base of the shearing machine, and the lifting cylinder of the protective baffle 8 is used for interlock control. When shearing the specimen, the protective baffle 8 automatically closes, and after shearing is completed, the lifting cylinder automatically opens the protective baffle 8 to complete the safety protection operation. The specimen slides down along the inclined surface of the improved bottom surface of the transverse groove 5, eliminating potential safety hazards and improving the working efficiency at the same time.

[0037] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by orientation words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "transverse, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc. are usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description. Without contrary description, these orientation words do not indicate and imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of the present application.

[0038] For the convenience of description, spatial relative terms such as "above...", "above...", "on the upper surface of...", "above" can be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature shown in the figure and other devices or features. It should be understood that the spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure for the device. For example, if the device in the figure is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "beneath other devices or structures" afterwards. Thus, the exemplary term "above..." can include both the orientations of "above..." and "below...". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90° or in other orientations), and the corresponding explanations are made for the spatial relative descriptions used here.

[0039] In addition, it should be noted that the use of words such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. Without otherwise stating, the above words have no special meaning, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of the present application.

[0040] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements should also be regarded as within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for safely shearing specimens of a upsetting machine, Characterized in that, It includes a fixed frame (1), the fixed frame (1) is provided with a cutter (2), a base (3) is arranged below the cutter (2), the base (3) is connected to the fixed frame (1) through a first lifting mechanism (4), and the first lifting mechanism (4) is used to move the base (3) up and down along the extension direction of the cutter (2); a transverse groove (5) is opened on the base (3), and a fixing hole (6) for placing a specimen is opened in the transverse groove (5), and a sleeve (7) is arranged above the fixing hole (6) corresponding to the transverse groove (5); during the process of the base (3) moving up and down relative to the cutter (2), the movement stroke of the blade of the cutter (2) is limited within the sleeve (7); The bottom surface of the transverse groove (5) is arranged obliquely from one end to the other end of the transverse groove (5), and the angle α formed by the bottom surface of the transverse groove (5) and the horizontal plane is 15° - 20°; One side of the base (3) corresponding to the end with a lower height of the bottom surface of the transverse groove (5) is provided with a detachable protective baffle (8), and the protective baffle (8) is used to cover the end opening of the transverse groove (5); Both sides of the base (3) corresponding to the protective baffle (8) are provided with sliding grooves (9), and the fixed frame (1) is provided with a second lifting mechanism (10) connected to the protective baffle (8), and the second lifting mechanism (10) is used to enable the protective baffle (8) to reciprocate up and down along the sliding grooves (9); Sleeve assemblies adapted to the cutter (2) are respectively arranged on both sides in the transverse groove (5), and the two sleeve assemblies are combined to form the sleeve (7), and the middle of the sleeve (7) is a square hole.

2. The device for safely shearing specimens of a upsetting machine according to claim 1, Characterized in that, The width of the protective baffle (8) is greater than the width of the transverse groove (5), the length of the protective baffle (8) is greater than the height of the transverse groove (5), and the width of the upper end of the protective baffle (8) is greater than the distance between the two sliding grooves (9).

3. The device for safely shearing specimens of a upsetting machine according to claim 2, Characterized in that, An upper limit switch (11) and a lower limit switch (12) adapted to the movement stroke of the base (3) are arranged on the fixed frame (1).

4. The device for safely shearing specimens of a upsetting machine according to claim 1, Characterized in that, Through holes (13) are opened on the base (3) corresponding to the sleeve assemblies, and the two sleeve assemblies are respectively connected with locking rods adapted to the through holes (13).

5. The device for safely shearing specimens of a upsetting machine according to claim 3, Characterized in that, Both the first lifting mechanism (4) and the second lifting mechanism (10) are lifting cylinders.

6. The device for safely shearing specimens of a upsetting machine according to claim 5, Characterized in that, The first lifting mechanism (4), the second lifting mechanism (10), the upper limit switch (11) and the lower limit switch (12) are all signal-connected to the PLC control system.

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