Solid-state lighting device with reduced melatonin suppression properties

Abstract

A solid-state lighting device having melatonin suppression properties that improves or alleviates symptoms of circadian rhythm disorders or other health conditions. Aspects disclosed herein are further directed to providing one or more of the aforementioned effects while maintaining a color rendering index (CRI) value that is acceptably high for the intended use, and providing a lighting device with high light efficacy and enhanced energy efficiency. A solid-state lighting device includes one or more solid-state emitters and one or more fluorescent materials that provide a concentrated emission of the solid-state lighting device. The concentrated emission has a warm correlated color temperature (CCT) whose color point deviates a certain distance from the black body locus (BBL).

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 15 / 994,483, filed on May 31, 2018, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to solid-state lighting devices, including devices having phosphors arranged to be excited by electrically activated solid-state emitters, and to related methods of making and using such devices. Background Art

[0004] Solid-state lighting devices, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), are increasingly used in consumer and commercial applications. Advances in LED technology have produced efficient and mechanically robust light sources with long service lives. As a result, modern LEDs have enabled a variety of new display applications and are increasingly used in general lighting applications, often replacing incandescent and fluorescent light sources.

[0005] An LED is a solid-state device that converts electrical energy into light, and typically includes one or more active layers (or active regions) of semiconductor material disposed between oppositely doped n-type and p-type layers. When a bias is applied across the doped layers, holes and electrons are injected into the active layer or layers where they recombine to produce emission, such as visible light or ultraviolet (UV) emission or infrared (IR) emission. An LED chip typically includes an active region that may be made of, for example, silicon carbide, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, aluminum nitride, gallium arsenide-based materials, and / or organic semiconductor materials.

[0006] Solid-state emitters may include a fluorescent material (also called a phosphor) that absorbs a portion of the emission having a first peak wavelength emitted by the emitter and re-emits light having a second peak wavelength different from the first peak wavelength. Phosphors, scintillators, and fluorescent inks are common fluorescent materials. Light perceived as white or near-white can be produced by a combination of red, green, and blue (RGB) emitters, or alternatively, by the combined emission of a blue LED and a phosphor such as a yellow phosphor (e.g., YAG:Ce or Ce:YAG). In the latter case, a portion of the blue LED emission passes through the phosphor, while another portion of the blue emission is down-converted to yellow, and the combined blue and yellow light is perceived as white. White light can also be produced by exciting phosphors or dyes of multiple colors with a violet or UV LED source.

[0007] The emission of a blue LED combined with a yellow or green luminescent material can be nearly white in nature and is referred to as "blue-shifted yellow" ("BSY") light or "blue-shifted green" ("BSG") light. The addition of red (or red-orange) spectral output from a red-emitting LED (to produce a "BSY+R" arrangement) or from a red-emitting material (to produce a "BS(Y+R)" arrangement) can be used to increase the warmth of the concentrated light output and better approximate the light produced by an incandescent lamp.

[0008] Color rendition is often measured using the Color Rendering Index (CRI) or the Color Rendering Index Average (CRI Ra). To calculate the CRI, the apparent colors of 14 reflective samples are simulated when illuminated by a reference radiator (illuminant) and a test source. CRI Ra is a modified average using the first eight indices, all with low to medium color saturation. (R9 is one of six saturated test colors not used in calculating the CRI, with R9 reflecting a greater red content) CRI and CRI Ra are used to determine how closely an artificial light source matches the color rendering of a natural light source at the same correlated color temperature (CCT). Daylight has a high CRIRa (around 100), with incandescent bulbs also relatively close (CRI Ra greater than 95), and fluorescent lighting less accurate (typical CRI Ra values ​​are around 70-80).

[0009] The reference spectrum used in the color rendering index calculation is chosen to be an ideal lighting source defined by its color temperature. When a heated object becomes incandescent, it first becomes red, then yellow, then white, and finally blue. Therefore, the apparent color of an incandescent material is directly related to its actual temperature, which is measured in Kelvin (K). Incandescent actual materials are considered to have CCT values ​​that are directly related to the color temperature of a black body source.

[0010] Various aspects related to the inventive subject matter disclosed herein may be better understood with reference to the 1931 CIE (International Commission on Illumination) chromaticity diagram, which is well known and a copy of which is reproduced in FIG1 . The 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram plots human color perception in terms of two CIE parameters x and y. Spectral colors are distributed around the edges of a contour space that includes all hues perceived by the human eye. The boundary lines represent the maximum saturation of the spectral colors. Chromaticity coordinates (i.e., color points) along the black body locus (BBL), also known as the Planckian locus, follow the Planckian equation: E(λ)=Aλ -5 / (e B / T-1), where E is the emission intensity, λ is the emission wavelength, T is the color temperature of the black body, and A and B are constants. Color coordinates located on or near the BBL (which contain the curve emanating from the lower right corner) produce pleasing white light to human observers. The 1931 CIE diagram includes temperature lists along the BBL, where these temperature lists show the color paths of black body radiators that lead to increases to such temperatures. As the heated object becomes incandescent, it first turns red, then yellow, then white, and finally blue. This is because the wavelength associated with the peak radiation of the black body radiator gradually becomes shorter as the temperature increases, consistent with Wien's displacement law. Therefore, a light emitter that produces light on or near the BBL can be described according to its color temperature. A white area close to the BBL (i.e., roughly within an eighth-order MacAdam ellipse) and between 2,500K and 10,000K is shown in FIG. 1.

[0011] The terms "white light" or "whiteness" do not clearly cover the full range of colors along the BBL, since obviously candle flames and other incandescent light sources appear slightly yellow, i.e., not completely white. Therefore, the color of lighting can be better defined in terms of CCT and in terms of its proximity to the BBL. If the chromaticity point of the lighting source deviates from the BBL by a distance greater than 0.01 in the x, y colorimetric system, the desirability and quality of white lighting rapidly decreases. This corresponds to a distance of approximately a fourth-order MacAdam ellipse, which is the standard adopted by the lighting industry. Lighting devices that emit light having color coordinates within the fourth-order MacAdam ellipse of the BBL and having a CRI Ra greater than 80 are generally acceptable as white light for general lighting purposes. Lighting devices that emit light having color coordinates within the seventh-order or eighth-order MacAdam ellipse of the BBL and having a CRI Ra greater than 70 are used as the minimum standard for many other white lighting devices, including compact fluorescent lighting devices and solid-state lighting devices. FIG. 2 shows the 2nd, 4th, and 7th order MacAdam ellipses for a CCT of 3200K relative to a segment of the BBL (eg, extending generally between 2900K and 3500K).

[0012] High-quality artificial lighting generally attempts to mimic the properties of natural light. Natural light sources include daylight, which has a relatively high color temperature (e.g., ~5000K), and incandescent lamps, which have a lower color temperature (e.g., ~2800K). General lighting generally has a color temperature between 2,000K and 10,000K, with most lighting fixtures used for general lighting being between 2,700K and 6,500K. The white region near the BBL (i.e., within the eighth-step MacAdam ellipse) and between 2,500K and 10,000K is shown in FIG1 .

[0013] The 1976 CIE chromaticity diagram is also well known and readily available to those of ordinary skill in the art, and maps human color perception based on the CIE parameters u' and v'. The 1976 CIE chromaticity diagram (also called the (u'v') chromaticity diagram) is reproduced in Figure 3. Spectral colors are distributed around the edge of the contour space, which includes all hues perceived by the human eye. The boundary line represents the maximum saturation of the spectral color. The 1976 CIE chromaticity diagram is similar to the 1931 diagram, except that the 1976 diagram has been modified so that similar distances on the chromaticity diagram represent similar perceived color differences. Since similar distances on the 1976 diagram represent similar perceived color differences, the deviation from a point on the 1976 diagram can be expressed by coordinates u' and v', for example, the distance from a point = (Δu' 2 +Δv' 2 )' 1 / 2 , and the hue defined by the locus of points that are all at a common distance from a specified hue consists of hues that are each perceived to differ from the specified hue to a common degree. Duv is a measure that quantifies the distance between a color point and a point on the BBL that has the same CCT in the u', v' coordinate system. Negative Duv values ​​indicate a color point below the BBL, while positive Duv values ​​indicate a point above the BBL.

[0014] Luminous efficacy is a measure of how well a light source produces visible light, and represents the ratio of luminous flux to power (where power is either the radiant flux or the total power consumed by the source, depending on the context). Wavelengths of light outside the visible spectrum are useless for illumination because they cannot be seen by the human eye. Furthermore, even within the visible spectrum, the human eye responds more to certain wavelengths of light than to others. The human eye's response to light also varies with the level of light intensity.

[0015] It has recently been recognized that photosensitive retinal ganglion cells expressing the photopigment melanopsin are involved not only in the photosensitivity of the circadian rhythm, but also in the perceived light brightness. Melanopsin photoreceptors are sensitive to a range of wavelengths, and reach peak light absorption at a wavelength of blue light around 480 nm. A "melanopsin" spectral efficiency function has been determined to predict the sensitivity of melanopsin photoreceptors to polychromatic light. FIG. 4 is a graph of the melanopsin spectral efficiency function, expressed as (p) versus wavelength (nm), derived from experiments conducted on transgenic mice lacking rod and cone photoreceptors, and as described in "Melanopsin spectral efficiency function predicts the sensitivity of melanopsin photoreceptors to polychromatic light" by al Enezi et al. (J. Biological Rhythms, Vol. 26, No. 4, August 2011, 314-323). The graph of Figure 4 includes spectral irradiance distributions (for a range of colored and broad-spectrum white light) weighted according to the spectral sensitivity of a hypothetical opsin photopigment family having a maximum response wavelength in the range of 400 to 550 nm, where the data are fit to a Gaussian distribution peaking at 484 nm.

[0016] In animals, circulating levels of the hormone melatonin (also chemically known as N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) vary in a daily cycle, allowing the circadian rhythm of several biological functions to be induced. Melatonin is produced in humans by the pineal gland, a small endocrine gland located in the center of the brain. Melatonin signals form part of a system that regulates the sleep-wake cycle by chemically inducing sleepiness and lowering body temperature. Melatonin is normally released in darkness (approximately 4-5 hours before bedtime), and its production is inhibited by exposure to light. The light-dependent properties of melatonin release and inhibition contribute to falling asleep and waking up. Light exposure at night increases body temperature and enhances alertness and behavioral performance.

[0017] Circadian rhythm disorders may be associated with changes in nighttime activity (e.g., night shift workers), changes in latitude or changes in longitude (e.g., jet lag), and / or seasonal changes in light duration (e.g., seasonally affected syndrome, with symptoms including depression). Predominantly blue light (e.g., including blue light with peak wavelength values ​​between 460 nm and 480 nm, with some activity from about 360 nm to about 600 nm) suppresses melatonin and synchronizes the circadian clock in proportion to the light intensity and the length of exposure time. Exposure to predominantly blue light (e.g., light emitted by an artificial light source that produces emissions with a significant blue content) during times when melatonin is normally released, such as at night, may adversely suppress melatonin production and disrupt normal circadian rhythms.

[0018] The art continues to seek improved solid state lighting devices that provide desirable lighting characteristics and that overcome challenges associated with conventional lighting devices. Summary of the invention

[0019] Various aspects disclosed herein relate to solid-state lighting devices having melatonin suppression properties that improve or alleviate symptoms of circadian rhythm disorders or other health conditions in humans, as well as plants and animals. Various aspects disclosed herein further relate to providing one or more of the aforementioned effects while maintaining an acceptably high color rendering index (CRI) value for the intended use, and providing lighting devices with high light efficacy and enhanced energy efficiency. Certain aspects disclosed herein relate to solid-state lighting devices for outdoor lighting applications having reduced light pollution and lower effects on circadian rhythms while maintaining an acceptably high CRI value for the intended use, and providing lighting devices with high light efficacy and enhanced energy efficiency.

[0020] In some aspects, the present disclosure relates to a solid-state lighting device, including: at least one electrically activated solid-state emitter configured to produce an emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 430 nanometers (nm) to 480 nm; a first luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the at least one electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a first phosphor emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 540 nm to 570 nm; and a second luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the at least one electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a second phosphor emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 605 nm to 650 nm. The aggregate emission of the solid-state lighting device includes at least a portion of the emission of each of the at least one electrically activated solid-state emitter, the first phosphor emission, and the second phosphor emission; and the aggregate emission has a correlated color temperature (CCT) in the range of 1800 (Kelvin) K to 2600 K, and has a Duv of at least 0.005.

[0021] In some embodiments, the focused emission has a CCT in the range of 1800K to 2300K or in the range of 2150K to 2250K. In some embodiments, the focused emission has a Duv in the range of 0.005 to 0.020. In some embodiments, the focused emission has a CRI of at least 65, or in the range of 65 to 85.

[0022] In some embodiments, the first fluorescent material and the second fluorescent material are dispersed together in a common binder. In other embodiments, the first fluorescent material and the second fluorescent material are arranged in separate discrete layers on the at least one electrically activated solid-state emitter. In other embodiments, the second fluorescent material is located between the first fluorescent material and the at least one electrically activated solid-state emitter.

[0023] In some embodiments, the solid state lighting device comprises a light emitting diode (LED) package. In some embodiments, the solid state lighting device comprises an outdoor light fixture or an indoor light fixture.

[0024] In some aspects, the present disclosure relates to a solid-state lighting device, including: a first electrically activated solid-state emitter; a first luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the first electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a first luminescent emission; a second electrically activated solid-state emitter; and a second luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the second electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a second luminescent emission, wherein the second luminescent emission has a peak wavelength that differs from the peak wavelength of the first luminescent emission by at least 25 nm. The aggregate emission of the solid-state lighting device includes at least a portion of the emission of each of the first electrically activated solid-state emitter, the second electrically activated solid-state emitter, the first luminescent emission, and the second luminescent emission; and the aggregate emission has a CCT in the range of 1800K to 2600K and has a Duv of at least 0.005.

[0025] In some embodiments, the first electrically activated solid state emitter is configured to produce emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 430 nm to 480 nm, and the first lumiphore emission has a peak wavelength in the range of 540 nm to 570 nm. In some embodiments, the second electrically activated solid state emitter is configured to produce emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 430 nm to 480 nm, and the second lumiphore emission has a peak wavelength in the range of 605 nm to 650 nm.

[0026] In some embodiments, the focused emission has a CRI of at least 65, or a CRI in the range of 65 to 85.

[0027] In some aspects, the present disclosure relates to a solid-state lighting device, including: a first electrically activated solid-state emitter configured to produce an emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 430nm to 480nm; a first luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the first electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a first phosphor emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 540nm to 570nm; and a second electrically activated solid-state emitter configured to produce an emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 605nm to 650nm. The aggregate emission of the solid-state lighting device includes at least a portion of the emission of each of the first electrically activated solid-state emitter, the first phosphor emission, and the second electrically activated solid-state emitter; and the aggregate emission has a CCT in the range of 1800K to 2600K and has a Duv of at least 0.005.

[0028] In some embodiments, the solid state lighting device also includes a second luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the first electrically activated solid state emitter and responsively produce a second luminescent emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 605 nm to 650 nm.

[0029] In some embodiments, the focused emission has a CRI of at least 65, or a CRI in the range of 65 to 85.

[0030] In some aspects, embodiments disclosed herein include a solid-state lighting device comprising: a first electrically activated solid-state emitter; a first fluorescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the first electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a first fluorescent emission; at least one other light emitter comprising at least one of the following items (a) and (b): (a) a second electrically activated solid-state emitter, or (b) a second fluorescent material, the second fluorescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the first electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a second fluorescent emission; wherein the aggregate emission of the solid-state lighting device includes the first electrically activated solid-state emitter, the first fluorescent material, and the at least one other light emitter at least a portion of the emission of each of the radiators; and wherein the aggregate emission includes at least one of the following characteristics (i), (ii), and (iii): (i) a correlated color temperature (CCT) in the range of 1950K to 2050K, a CRI of at least 70, and a circadian stimulation (CS) value of less than 0.125; or (ii) a correlated color temperature (CCT) in the range of 2200K to 2300K, a CRI of at least 70, and a circadian stimulation (CS) value of less than 0.145; or (iii) a correlated color temperature (CCT) in the range of 2450K to 2550K, a CRI of at least 70, and a circadian stimulation (CS) value of less than 0.17.

[0031] In some embodiments, the focused emission has a Duv of at least 0.005.

[0032] In some embodiments, when the collective emission includes a correlated color temperature (CCT) in the range of 2200K to 2300K, the solid state lighting device further includes a lamp efficiency rating (LER) of at least 335.

[0033] In some aspects, embodiments disclosed herein include a solid-state lighting device comprising: a first electrically activated solid-state emitter; a first fluorescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the first electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a first fluorescent emission; at least one other light emitter comprising at least one of the following items (a) and (b): (a) a second electrically activated solid-state emitter, or (b) a second fluorescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the first electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a second fluorescent emission; wherein the aggregate emission of the solid-state lighting device includes the first electrically activated solid-state emitter, the first fluorescent material, and the at least one at least a portion of the emission of each of the other light emitters; and wherein the aggregate emission includes at least one of the following characteristics (i), (ii) and (iii): (i) a correlated color temperature (CCT) in the range of 1950K to 2050K, a CRI of at least 70, and a luminaire efficiency rating (LER) of at least 325; or (ii) a correlated color temperature (CCT) in the range of 2200K to 2300K, a CRI of at least 70, and a luminaire efficiency rating (LER) of at least 335; or (iii) a correlated color temperature (CCT) in the range of 2450K to 2550K, a CRI of at least 70, and a luminaire efficiency rating (LER) of at least 340.

[0034] In some embodiments, the focused emission has a Duv of at least 0.005.

[0035] In some embodiments, the collective emission includes a correlated color temperature (CCT) in the range of 2200K to 2300K, a CRI of at least 70, a lamp efficiency rating (LER) of at least 335, and a circadian stimulation (CS) value of less than 0.145.

[0036] In some aspects, embodiments disclosed herein include a solid-state lighting device comprising: a first electrically activated solid-state emitter; a first fluorescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the first electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a first fluorescent emission; at least one other light emitter comprising at least one of the following items (a) and (b): (a) a second electrically activated solid-state emitter, or (b) a second fluorescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the first electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a second fluorescent emission; wherein the aggregate emission of the solid-state lighting device includes at least a portion of the emission of each of the first electrically activated solid-state emitter, the first fluorescent material, and the at least one other light emitter; and wherein the aggregate emission has a circadian stimulation (CS) value less than 0.17 and has a Duv of at least 0.005.

[0037] In another aspect, any of the aforementioned aspects and / or various individual aspects and features as described herein may be combined for additional advantage. Any of the various features and elements disclosed herein may be combined with one or more other disclosed features and elements, unless otherwise indicated herein.

[0038] Those skilled in the art will understand the scope of the present disclosure and realize additional aspects thereof after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate several aspects of the disclosure, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

[0040] 1 is a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram with an indication of the white area close to the black body locus or Planckian locus (BBL), ie, approximately within an eighth-step MacAdam ellipse, and an indication of correlated color temperatures (CCT) ranging from 1,000 Kelvin (K) to 30,000K.

[0041] FIG. 2 shows the 2nd, 4th and 7th order MacAdam ellipses for a segment of the CCT at 3200K relative to the BBL.

[0042] FIG. 3 is the 1976 CIE Chromaticity Diagram, including the identification of CCT values ​​in the range of 1,000K-10,000K.

[0043] FIG. 4 provides a graph of the melanopsin spectral efficiency function obtained from experiments conducted on mice, expressed as F-test probability (ρ) versus wavelength.

[0044] Figure 5A is a graph of the circadian stimulation (CS) model versus CCT for various light sources including representative high pressure sodium (HPS) and low pressure sodium (LPS) light sources, light emitting diodes (LEDs) with fluorescent materials, and red LEDs.

[0045] Figure 5B It is for Figure 5A A graph of the melanopic lux model versus CCT for the same light source plotted in .

[0046] Fig. 6A is a photograph of two side-by-side test stages containing colored objects, with the left stage illuminated with an LED light source (including a blue LED and multiple phosphors) and the right stage illuminated with a representative HPS light source.

[0047] Figure 6B Provided Fig. 6A Spectral power distribution plot (normalized intensity versus wavelength) of two light sources.

[0048] Figure 6C It is listed Fig. 6A A table of the various performance characteristics of the two light sources.

[0049] Fig. 7A A portion of a 1931 CIE diagram is provided showing the relationship of various solid-state lighting sources to the BBL.

[0050] Figure 7B It is a comparison Fig. 7A Plot of CS value versus CCT for each data point.

[0051] Figure 7C is listed in Fig. 7A and Figure 7B A table of various characteristics of each data point plotted in .

[0052] Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first exemplary LED that may be embodied in (or may be incorporated in) a lighting device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0053] Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second exemplary LED that may be embodied in (or may be incorporated in) a lighting device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0054] Fig. 10A is a schematic side cross-sectional view of at least a portion of a solid state light emitting device including a solid state emitter chip disposed over a package mount, wherein a top surface of the emitter chip is covered with a wavelength conversion material.

[0055] Fig. 10B Yes Fig.16A A side cross-sectional schematic diagram of at least a portion of a solid-state light emitting device of an apparatus in which a curved (e.g., hemispherical) lens is added.

[0056] Fig.11A is a schematic side cross-sectional view of at least a portion of a solid state light emitting device including a solid state emitter chip disposed above a package mount, wherein the top and side surfaces of the emitter chip and the upper surface of the package mount are covered with a wavelength conversion material.

[0057] Fig. 11B Yes Fig.17A A side cross-sectional schematic diagram of at least a portion of a solid-state light emitting device of an apparatus wherein a lens having a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape is added.

[0058] Fig. 12A is a schematic side cross-sectional view of at least a portion of a solid state light emitting device including a solid state emitter chip disposed over a package mount, wherein a top surface of the emitter chip is covered with at least one layer of wavelength conversion material.

[0059] Fig. 12B Yes Fig.18A A side cross-sectional schematic diagram of at least a portion of a solid-state light emitting device of an apparatus in which a curved (e.g., hemispherical) lens is added.

[0060] Fig.13A is a side cross-sectional schematic diagram of at least a portion of a solid-state light emitting device including a solid-state emitter chip disposed above a package mount, wherein the top and side surfaces of the emitter chip and the upper surface of the package mount are covered with multiple layers of wavelength conversion material.

[0061] Fig. 13B Yes Fig.19A A side cross-sectional schematic diagram of at least a portion of a solid-state light emitting device of an apparatus wherein a lens having a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape is added.

[0062] Fig.14 is a side cross-sectional view of at least a portion of a solid state light emitting device including a plurality of solid state emitter chips coated with a plurality of phosphorescent materials and disposed beneath a hemispherical optical element.

[0063] Fig.15 is a perspective view of at least a portion of a solid state emitter package including a plurality of solid state emitter chips coated with a plurality of luminescent materials, wherein the chips are coupled to electrical traces via bond wires and disposed beneath a hemispherical optical element.

[0064] Fig.16A is a cross-sectional view of a lighting device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the lighting device being incorporated into a substantially cylindrical downlight for ceiling installation and including a plurality of LEDs.

[0065] Fig. 16B yes Fig.16A A side elevation view of a lighting device.

[0066] Fig. 16C yes FIG. 16A to FIG. 16B A top perspective view of a lighting device.

[0067] Fig.16D yes FIG. 16A to FIG. 16C Bottom perspective view of the lighting device.

[0068] Fig.17A is a top perspective view of a light bulb including a plurality of LEDs arranged in a two-dimensional array according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0069] Fig. 17B yes Fig.17A Side elevation view of a light bulb.

[0070] Fig.18Ais a top perspective view of a troffer-type light fixture arranged to incorporate multiple solid state emitters as disclosed herein.

[0071] Fig.18B yes Fig.18A A side cross-sectional view of a portion of a light fixture.

[0072] Fig.19A and Fig.19B A high bay / low bay solid state light fixture including a plurality of solid state light emitters is shown.

[0073] Fig. 20A An outdoor light fixture mounted to a utility pole is shown according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0074] Fig. 20B Shows Fig. 20A A top-rear isometric view of a light fixture.

[0075] Fig. 20C yes Fig. 20A Side plan view of the luminaire.

[0076] Fig.20D yes Fig. 20A Front plan view of the light fixture.

[0077] Fig.20E yes Fig. 20A Bottom plan of the lamp.

[0078] FIG. 21A to FIG. 21B An outdoor light fixture according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0079] FIG. 22A to FIG. 22B An outdoor light fixture according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0080] The embodiments set forth below represent the necessary information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments, and illustrate the best mode of practicing the embodiments. When reading the following description according to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the present disclosure, and will recognize the application of these concepts not specifically set forth herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the present disclosure and the appended claims.

[0081] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, etc. can be used to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, the first element can be referred to as the second element, and similarly, the second element can be referred to as the first element. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0082] It should be understood that when an element such as a layer, region or substrate is referred to as "on" or extends to "on" another element, it can be directly on another element or directly extend to another element, or there can also be an intermediate element. On the contrary, when an element is referred to as "directly on another element" or "directly extend to another element", there is no intermediate element. Similarly, it should be understood that when an element such as a layer, region or substrate is referred to as "above" or extends to "above" another element, it can be directly above another element or directly extend to another element, or there can also be an intermediate element. On the contrary, when an element is referred to as "directly above another element" or "directly extend to another element", there is no intermediate element. It should also be understood that when an element is referred to as "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to another element, or there can be an intermediate element. On the contrary, when an element is referred to as "directly connected" or "directly coupled" to another element, there is no intermediate element.

[0083] Relative terms such as "below" or "above" or "up" or "lower" or "horizontal" or "vertical" may be used herein to describe the relationship of one element, layer or region to another element, layer or region as shown in the figures. It should be understood that these terms and those discussed above are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation shown in the figures.

[0084] The terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "one", "an" and "the" are intended to also include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms "include", "comprise", "contain", and / or "have" when used herein specify the presence of stated features, wholes, steps, operations, elements and / or parts, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, parts and / or groups thereof.

[0085] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. It should also be understood that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of this specification and the relevant technology, and should not be interpreted as an idealized or overly formal meaning, unless explicitly defined in this article.

[0086] The term "solid-state light emitter" or "solid-state emitter" (which may be referred to as "electrically activated") may include light emitting diodes, laser diodes, organic LEDs, and / or other semiconductor devices that include one or more semiconductor layers that may include silicon, silicon carbide, gallium nitride, and / or other semiconductor materials; a substrate that may include sapphire, silicon, silicon carbide, and / or other microelectronic substrates; and one or more contact layers that may include metal and / or other conductive materials. Solid-state light emitting devices according to embodiments disclosed herein may include, but are not limited to, III-V nitride-based LED chips or laser chips fabricated on silicon, silicon carbide, sapphire, or III-V nitride growth substrates, including, for example, devices manufactured and sold by Cree, Inc. of Durham, North Carolina.

[0087] Solid-state light emitters can be used individually or in groups to emit one or more light beams to stimulate emission of one or more fluorescent materials (e.g., phosphors, scintillators, fluorescent inks, quantum dots, daylight strips, etc.) to produce light of one or more peak wavelengths, or light of at least one desired perceived color (including a combination of colors that can be perceived as white). The fluorescent material can be provided in the form of particles, films, or sheets. Quantum dot materials of various colors are commercially available from QD Vision (Lexington, Massachusetts, USA), Nanosys (Milpitas, California, USA), and Nanoco Technologies (Manchester, UK), etc.

[0088] Inclusion of a fluorescent (also referred to as "luminescent") material in an illumination device as described herein may be accomplished by any suitable means, including: coating directly on a solid-state emitter; dispersed in an encapsulation material arranged to cover a solid-state emitter; coating on a phosphor support element (e.g., by powder coating, inkjet printing, etc.); incorporated into a diffuser or lens; a solid sheet or cover of fluorescent material; and the like. Examples of fluorescent materials are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,600,175, 8,018,135, and 8,814,621, and methods of coating luminescent elements with phosphors are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,159,888, the foregoing patents being incorporated herein by reference. Other materials, such as light scattering elements (e.g., particles) and / or refractive index matching materials, may be associated with an element or surface comprising a fluorescent material. One or more fluorescent materials useful in a device as described herein may be down-converted or up-converted, or may include a combination of both types.

[0089] Examples of phosphors that may be used according to various embodiments include, but are not limited to, yttrium aluminum garnet doped with cerium (III) (Ce:YAG or YAG:Ce); yttrium aluminum oxide doped with cerium yttrium aluminum garnet (NYAG); green YAG (GNYAG), lutetium aluminum garnet (LuAG), green aluminate (GAL, including but not limited to GAL535); (Sr,Ba,Ca) 2-x SiO4:Eu x (BOSE, including BOSE yellow and BOSE green varieties, including for example (Ba, Sr)2SiO4:Eu 2+ ); and CASN (CaAlSiN3:Eu 2+ ), and KSF narrow band red (K2SiF6:Mn 4+ Other examples include cyan or cyan / green phosphors (e.g., having a peak wavelength in the range of 485nm to 530nm), red / orange or amber phosphors (e.g., having a peak wavelength in the range of 575nm to 595nm), and narrow-band red phosphors (e.g., having a peak wavelength in the range of 605nm to 640nm). In some embodiments, two or more phosphors may be mixed or disposed in one or more discrete regions of a single lighting device.

[0090] In some embodiments, at least one luminescent material can be spatially isolated ("remote") from at least one electrically activated solid state emitter and arranged to receive emissions from the at least one electrically activated solid state emitter, wherein such spatial isolation reduces thermal coupling between the solid state emitter and the luminescent material. In some embodiments, the spatially isolated luminescent body can be arranged to completely cover one or more electrically activated emitters of the lighting device. In some embodiments, the spatially isolated luminescent body can be arranged to cover only a portion or subset of the one or more electrically activated emitters.

[0091] In some embodiments, at least one fluorescent material can be arranged at a substantially constant thickness and / or concentration relative to different electrically activated emitters. In some embodiments, one or more fluorescent materials can be arranged at a varying presence, thickness, and / or concentration relative to different emitters. Multiple phosphors (e.g., phosphors of different compositions) can be applied at different concentrations or thicknesses relative to different electrically activated emitters. In one embodiment, the presence, composition, thickness, and / or concentration of the phosphor can vary relative to multiple electrically activated emitters. In some embodiments, at least one fluorescent material can be applied to a solid-state emitter or fluorescent material support surface by patterning, which can be achieved with the aid of one or more masks.

[0092] Various substrates can be used as mounting elements on, in, or above which multiple solid-state light emitters (e.g., emitter chips) can be arranged or supported (e.g., mounted). Exemplary substrates can have electrical traces arranged on one or more surfaces thereof. The substrate, mounting board, or other supporting element can include a printed circuit board (PCB), a metal core printed circuit board (MCPCB), a flexible printed circuit board, a dielectric laminate (e.g., a FR-4 board known in the art), or any suitable substrate for mounting LED chips and / or LED packages.

[0093] In some embodiments, one or more LED components may include one or more "chip on board" (COB) LED chips and / or packaged LED chips that may be electrically coupled or connected in series or parallel to each other and mounted on a portion of a substrate. In some embodiments, the COB LED chips may be mounted directly on a portion of a substrate without the need for additional packaging.

[0094] Certain embodiments may involve the use of solid-state emitter packages. A solid-state emitter package may include at least one solid-state emitter chip enclosed with a packaging element to provide environmental protection, mechanical protection, color selection, and / or light-gathering utility, and including electrical leads, contacts, and / or traces that enable electrical connection to an external circuit. One or more emitter chips may be arranged to excite one or more fluorescent materials, which may be coated on one or more solid-state emitters, arranged above one or more solid-state emitters, or otherwise arranged in a light-receiving relationship with one or more solid-state emitters. At least one fluorescent material may be arranged to receive emissions from at least some of a plurality of solid-state light emitters and responsively emit phosphor emissions. A lens and / or packaging material, optionally including a fluorescent material, may be disposed above the solid-state emitter, the fluorescent material, and / or a layer containing a phosphor in the solid-state emitter package.

[0095] In certain embodiments, a lighting device as disclosed herein (whether or not including one or more LED packages) may include at least one of the following items arranged to receive light from at least one electrically activated solid state light emitter (e.g., LED): a single lead frame arranged to conduct electrical power to the at least one electrically activated solid state light emitter; a single reflector arranged to reflect at least a portion of the light emitted from the at least one electrically activated solid state light emitter; a single submount or mounting element supporting the at least one electrically activated solid state light emitter; a single lens arranged to transmit at least a portion of the light emitted from the at least one electrically activated solid state light emitter; and a single diffuser arranged to diffuse at least a portion of the light emitted from the at least one electrically activated solid state light emitter. In certain embodiments, a lighting device apparatus including a plurality of electrically activated solid state light emitters may include at least one of the following items arranged to receive light from the plurality of emitters: a plurality of lenses, a plurality of optical elements, and / or a plurality of reflectors. Examples of optical elements include, but are not limited to, elements arranged to affect light mixing, focusing, collimation, dispersion, and / or beam shaping.

[0096] In some embodiments, a solid-state lighting device (e.g., a package) may include a wall or cup (e.g., a reflective cup) defining a cavity, at least one solid-state emitter disposed in the cavity, and an encapsulation material disposed in the cavity. In some embodiments, at least one solid-state emitter may be disposed above a substrate and at least partially surrounded by a boundary wall (optionally embodied as at least one dam material laterally spaced apart from the at least one emitter), wherein the encapsulation material is disposed above the at least one emitter and in contact with the boundary wall.

[0097] As used herein, the expressions "lighting device," "light emitting device," and "light emitting apparatus" are not limited except that these elements are capable of emitting light. That is, a lighting device or light emitting apparatus may be a device that illuminates an area or volume, such as a structure, a pool or spa, a room, a warehouse, a sign, a road, a parking lot, a vehicle (interior or exterior), a sign (e.g., a road sign), a billboard, a boat, a toy, a mirror, a container, an electronic device, a ship, an airplane, a stadium, a computer, a remote audio device, a remote video device, a cell phone, a tree, a window, an LCD display, a cave, a tunnel, a courtyard, a lamp post, or a device or array of devices that illuminate an enclosure, or a device for edge lighting or back lighting (e.g., a backlight In some embodiments, a lighting device or light emitting device as disclosed herein may be self-ballasted. In some embodiments, a light emitting device may be implemented in a light fixture.

[0098] The present subject matter, in certain embodiments, involves using at least one lighting device or light emitting device as disclosed herein, optionally by energizing a single power line connected to multiple lighting devices and / or by pulse width modulation control of at least one lighting device or lighting device to illuminate an object, space, or enclosure.

[0099] The present subject matter, in certain embodiments, relates to an illuminated enclosure (whose volume may be illuminated uniformly or non-uniformly) comprising an enclosed space and at least one lighting device as disclosed herein, wherein the at least one lighting device (uniformly or non-uniformly) illuminates at least a portion of the enclosure. The present subject matter also relates to an illuminated area comprising an item selected from a group comprising at least one of the following: a structure, a swimming pool or spa, a room, a warehouse, an indicator, a road, a parking lot, a vehicle, a sign (e.g., a road sign), a billboard, a boat, a toy, a mirror, a container, an electronic device, a ship, an airplane, a stadium, a computer, a remote audio device, a remote video device, a cell phone, a tree, a window, an LCD display, a cave, a tunnel, a courtyard, a lamp post, etc., in or on which at least one lighting device or light-emitting device as described herein is installed. Disclosed herein is a method comprising illuminating an object, a space, or an environment using one or more lighting devices. In certain embodiments, a lighting device as disclosed herein comprises a plurality of LED components arranged in an array (e.g., a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array).

[0100] Various aspects disclosed herein relate to solid-state lighting devices with melatonin suppression properties, which improve or alleviate the symptoms of circadian rhythm disorders or other health conditions in humans, plants and animals. As previously described, it is mainly blue light (e.g., including blue light with a peak wavelength value between 460nm and 480nm, with some activity from about 360nm to about 600nm) that suppresses melatonin, so that a reduction in the proportion of blue light content (e.g., peak wavelength between 460nm and 480nm) emitted by the aggregate will tend to reduce melatonin suppression. Various aspects disclosed herein are further related to providing one or more of the aforementioned effects while maintaining a color rendering index (CRI) value that is acceptably high for the intended use, and providing a lighting device with high light efficacy and enhanced energy efficiency. Certain aspects disclosed herein relate to solid-state lighting devices for outdoor applications, which have the characteristics of reducing light pollution. Light from outdoor lighting devices can be reflected toward the sky from various surfaces including the ground and the sides of buildings. Blue light tends to be more significantly scattered by molecules in the atmosphere, and may result in diffuse bright light that blurs the night sky. Additionally, high levels of blue light during the night can disrupt the circadian rhythm of humans, plants, and animals. Certain aspects disclosed herein relate to solid-state lighting devices for outdoor lighting applications having reduced light pollution and lower impact on circadian rhythms while maintaining CRI values ​​acceptably high for the intended use, as well as providing lighting devices with high light efficacy and enhanced energy efficiency.

[0101] Gas discharge lamps, such as low pressure sodium (LPS) lamps and high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps, have been widely used in outdoor lighting applications including street lighting and garage lighting. LPS lamps and HPS lamps typically emit light with yellow, orange or red characteristics, with a correlated color temperature (CCT) of about 2200 Kelvin (K) or less. The spectral distribution of LPS lamps and HPS lamps significantly lacks emission in the blue spectral range and therefore generally has no effect on melatonin suppression. However, gas discharge lamps are also known to have very poor CRI values, such as 25 or less. Therefore, it is difficult to detect color differences between objects illuminated by gas discharge lamps.

[0102] Figure 5Ais a graph of the circadian stimulation (CS) model versus CCT for various light sources including representative HPS and LPS light sources, LEDs with fluorescent materials, and red LEDs. The CS model is a measure developed by the Lighting Research Center (LRC) of the Rensselaer Institute for Integrated Technology to characterize how light affects the human circadian system. The CS value is related to the amount of melatonin suppression. For example, a higher CS value (e.g., 0.3) indicates light with a larger amount of radiation, which can result in higher melatonin suppression (~30%) in humans. Such radiation may include, but is not limited to, short-wavelength radiation including blue and / or green emissions. The red LED is drawn as a reference and has a CS value of approximately 0. The representative LPS light source has the second lowest CS value and a CCT of less than 1900K. Several representative HPS light sources are drawn together with various LEDs including phosphor materials. The various LEDs include at least one blue LED configured to excite emission from a YAG phosphor and a nitride red phosphor. The various LEDs are configured to have different CCT values, but have the same CRI of at least 65. It is noteworthy that LEDs with phosphor materials and a CRI value of at least 65 are able to match the (low) CS values ​​of HPS light sources. In addition to higher CRI values, LEDs can provide improved lumens / watt efficiency.

[0103] Figure 5B It is for Figure 5A A graph of the melanopic lux model versus CCT for the same light source plotted in Figure 1. The melanopic lux model or melanopic illuminance provides a measure of the amount of light that activates the melanopsin signaling system in the human body. The melanopic photoreceptors in the eye are sensitive to a range of wavelengths, and peak light absorption occurs at blue wavelengths around 480nm. Therefore, at Figure 5B In the , melanopic lux values ​​are related to the amount of blue light present in various light sources. Higher melanopic lux values ​​indicate higher melanopic suppression in the human body. As with the CS model, LEDs with phosphor materials and a CRI value of at least 65 are able to match the melanopic lux values ​​of the HPS light sources.

[0104] Fig. 6A is a photograph of two side-by-side test stages containing colored objects, with the left stage illuminated with an LED light source (including a blue LED and multiple phosphors) and the right stage illuminated with a representative HPS light source. The LED light source is configured to have a CRI of approximately 70 and a CCT of approximately 2200 K. For comparable illumination levels, the LED light source exhibits significantly superior color rendering. Figure 6B Provided Fig. 6AFigure 1 shows the spectral power distribution graph (normalized intensity versus wavelength) of two light sources. As shown, most of the higher light intensity occurs near or slightly above 580nm for both light sources. However, due to the broad emission from the phosphor material, the LED light source includes a significantly broader emission spectrum, up to about 680nm and down to about 500nm; therefore, the LED light source has an excellent CRI value. Figure 6C It is listed Fig. 6A A table of various performance characteristics of the two light sources is shown in Figure 2. It is noteworthy that the average CRI or CRI Ra for the LED light source is 73, compared to a value of 9 for the HPS light source. The CCT of the LED light source used is slightly higher than the CCT of the HPS light source. Therefore, the Melanopic Perceived Brightness Percent (MPB%), Circadian Light (CLA), and Melanopic Lux are also higher than the HPS light used, but are still comparable to the normal range for a typical HPS light source. The Duv for both light sources is within .004 of the black body locus (BBL). Additionally, the Lamp Efficiency Class (LER) is comparable for both light sources, with the R9 value being higher for the LED light source.

[0105] As described above, a solid-state lighting device can be configured to provide lighting characteristics and melatonin suppression characteristics similar to those of a gas discharge light source, but with superior color rendering. In some aspects described herein, a solid-state lighting device can be configured to have differences in additional lighting characteristics to provide a further improved alternative to a gas discharge light source. In some embodiments, a solid-state lighting device is configured to provide a concentrated emission having a color point that deviates from the BBL in a manner that deviates from traditional industry tolerances, such as a Duv of at least .005. As described herein, a solid-state lighting source having a CCT targeted for gas discharge applications can be configured to provide a color point that deviates from the BBL by a Duv value of at least .005 to provide lighting characteristics including further reduced CS values ​​and increased efficacy while still maintaining a high CRI.

[0106] Fig. 7AA portion of a 1931 CIE diagram is provided, showing the relationship of various solid-state lighting sources to the BBL. Each solid-state lighting device is modeled to provide a CRI of at least 65 and includes a blue LED having a mixture of YAG and red phosphors. In particular, the CRI of the solid-state lighting device is in the range of about 65 to 75. The phosphor mixture varies between solid-state lighting sources to provide data points across a range of CCT values. In addition, solid-state lighting sources for four of the CCT values ​​are modeled with increasing Duv values. For example, dashed line 10 surrounds three data points having a CCT of about 2250 and Duv values ​​of 0 (black circle on BBL), .005 (white circle above BBL), and .010 (white circle further above BBL). A Duv value of .005 corresponds to an approximately 5-order MacAdam ellipse above the BBL, and a Duv value of .010 corresponds to an approximately 10-order MacAdam ellipse above the BBL. Figure 7B It is a comparison Fig. 7A 1. A graph of CS values ​​versus CCT for each data point of the BBL. For CCT values ​​less than about 2600, the data points on the BBL have favorable CS values ​​compared to the HPS light source. Additionally, for data points with increasing Duv values, the CS values ​​further decrease. For example, the dashed line 12 circles the data points with Fig. 7A The dashed line 10 shows the same three data points. For a CCT value of about 2250, the CS value gradually decreases (corresponding to a decrease in melatonin suppression) as Duv increases at each data point. Therefore, a solid-state lighting device can be configured with Duv values ​​outside of conventional tolerances to provide an alternative to an HPS light source with a similar CCT, a similar or lower CS value, and a higher CRI.

[0107] Figure 7C is listed in Fig. 7A and Figure 7B A table of various characteristics of each data point plotted in . In the table, rows with data points on the BBL (Duv is 0) are shaded. The unshaded rows below each shaded row represent data points with the same CCT and increasing Duv values. Each solid-state lighting device has a CRI value in the range of 65 to 75. In addition to CS and CLA, other lighting characteristics in the table include Lamp Efficiency Rating (LER), CRI, Fidelity Index (Rf), Relative Gamut Index (Rg), R9 Prime (R9'), Luminous Flux (Lx), Gamut Area Index (Qg), Lumens Per Watt (LPW), and Amelv (a value proportional to melanopic lux). (R9' is the same as R9 for values ​​less than 100 (such as Figure 7C), but can increase to above 100 for “supersaturated” conditions. ) It is noteworthy that for each set of CCT values ​​(e.g., 2000, 2250, 2500, and 2750), the CS and CLA values ​​decrease with each increase in Duv, and the LER and LPW values ​​increase.

[0108] Thus, in some embodiments, a solid-state lighting device includes a first electrically activated solid-state emitter, a first phosphor material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the first electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a first phosphor emission, and at least one other light emitter including at least one of the following items (a) and (b): (a) a second electrically activated solid-state emitter, or (b) a second phosphor material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the first electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a second phosphor emission. The aggregate emission of the solid-state lighting device includes at least a portion of the emission of each of the first electrically activated solid-state emitter, the first phosphor material, and the at least one other light emitter, has a circadian stimulus (CS) value of less than 0.17, and has a Duv of at least 0.005. In some embodiments, the aggregate emission has a CCT of approximately 2000K (or in the range of 1950K to 2050K), and a CS value of less than 0.125 (or in the range of 0.125 to 0.110). In other embodiments, the solid-state lighting device comprises a CCT of approximately 2250K (or within a range of 2200K to 2300K) and a CS value of less than 0.145 (or within a range of 0.145 to 0.12). In other embodiments, the solid-state lighting device comprises a CCT of approximately 2550K (or within a range of 2450K to 2550K) and a CS value of less than 0.17 (or within a range of 0.17 to 0.13). As previously described and in Figure 7C As shown in , the solid-state lighting device having the above CCT value and CS value includes a CRI of at least 65; or a CRI in the range of 65 to 75.

[0109] Also like Figure 7C As shown, in some embodiments, the solid-state lighting device includes a CCT of approximately 2000K (or within the range of 1950K to 2050K), and a LER value of at least 325 (or within the range of 325 to 330). In other embodiments, the solid-state lighting device includes a CCT of approximately 2250K (or within the range of 2200K to 2300K) and a LER value of at least 335 (or within the range of 335 to 355). In other embodiments, the solid-state lighting device includes a CCT of approximately 2550K (or within the range of 2450K to 2550K), and a LER value of at least 340 (or within the range of 340 to 370). As previously described and in Figure 7C As shown in , a solid-state lighting device having the above CCT values ​​and LER values ​​includes a CRI of at least 65; or a CRI in the range of 65 to 75.

[0110] In addition, several data points have LPW values ​​that meet the technical requirements for the efficiency of indoor and outdoor light sources in order to qualify for the DesignLights Consortium (DCL) Premium Classification, Version 4.3, March 26, 2018. For example, the DLC Premium Requirements (Version 4.3) for the minimum efficiency of an "Outdoor - High Output" light source is 120 LPW; the DLC Premium Requirements (Version 4.3) for the minimum efficiency of an "Outdoor - Medium Output" light source is 115 LPW.

[0111] Thus, in some embodiments, a solid-state lighting device includes at least one electrically activated solid-state emitter configured to produce an emission having a peak wavelength in the blue range (e.g., 430 nm to 480 nm); a first luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the at least one electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a first phosphor emission having a peak wavelength in the green / yellow range, such as 540 nm to 570 nm; and a second luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the at least one electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a second phosphor emission having a peak wavelength in the red range, such as 605 nm to 650 nm. The aggregate emission of the solid-state lighting device includes at least a portion of the emission of each of the electrically activated solid-state emitter, the first phosphor emission, and the second phosphor emission. In some embodiments, the aggregate emission has a CCT in the range of 1800K to 2600K and has a Duv of at least 0.005. In further embodiments, the focused emission has a CCT in the range of about 1800K to 2300K; in further embodiments, the focused emission has a CCT in the range of about 2150K to 2250K. In some embodiments, the focused emission has a Duv in the range of 0.005 to 0.020; in further embodiments, the focused emission has a Duv in the range of 0.005 to 0.015; in still further embodiments, the focused emission has a Duv in the range of 0.005 to 0.010. In some embodiments, the focused emission has a CRI of at least 65. In further embodiments, the focused emission has a CRI of at least 70. In further embodiments, the focused emission has a CRI in the range of 65 to 85, or in the range of 65 to 80, or in the range of 65 to 85, or in the range of 70 to 90, or in the range of 70 to 80.

[0112] In some embodiments, the concentrated emission may include additional solid-state emitters or additional fluorescent materials. For example, in some aspects, the solid-state lighting device includes a first electrically activated solid-state emitter; a first fluorescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the first electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a first phosphor emission; a second electrically activated solid-state emitter; and a second fluorescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the second electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a second phosphor emission, wherein the second phosphor emission has a peak wavelength that differs from the peak wavelength of the first phosphor emission by at least 25 nm. The concentrated emission of the solid-state lighting device includes at least a portion of the emission of each of the first electrically activated solid-state emitter, the second electrically activated solid-state emitter, the first phosphor emission, and the second phosphor emission. In some embodiments, the concentrated emission has a correlated color temperature (CCT) in the range of 1800 Kelvin (K) to 2600K, and has a Duv of at least 0.005. In certain embodiments, the peak wavelength of the second phosphor emission differs from the peak wavelength of the first phosphor emission by at least 35 nm, or at least 55 nm, or at least 75 nm, or in the range of about 35 nm to about 105 nm. In some embodiments, the first electrically activated solid state emitter is configured to produce an emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 430 nm to 480 nm, the first phosphor emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 540 nm to 570 nm; and the second electrically activated solid state emitter is configured to produce an emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 430 nm to 480 nm, the second phosphor emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 605 nm to 650 nm. In some embodiments, the aggregate emission has a CRI of at least 65. In further embodiments, the aggregate emission has a CRI of at least 70. In further embodiments, the aggregate emission has a CRI in the range of 65 to 85, or in the range of 65 to 80, or in the range of 65 to 85, or in the range of 70 to 90, or in the range of 70 to 80. The focused emission may have additional CCT and Duv values ​​as described in the previous embodiments.

[0113] In some embodiments, a solid-state lighting device may include an electrically activated first solid-state emitter configured to generate emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 430 nm to 480 nm; an electrically activated second solid-state emitter configured to generate emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 605 nm to 650 nm; and a first luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission from at least one of the first solid-state emitter and the second solid-state emitter, and responsively generate a first phosphor emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 540 nm to 570 nm. The aggregated emission from the first solid-state emitter and the second solid-state emitter and the first phosphor emission and the second phosphor emission may have a CCT in the range of 1800 K to 2600 K, and may have a Duv of at least 0.005. Optionally, the solid-state lighting device may also include a second luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission from at least one of the first solid-state emitter and the second solid-state emitter, and responsively generate a second phosphor emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 605 nm to 650 nm. In a further embodiment, the peak wavelength of the second solid state emitter is different from the peak wavelength of the second fluorescent material in the range of 605 nm to 650 nm.

[0114] In some embodiments, at least one of the first fluorescent material and the second fluorescent material of the previous embodiment may include multiple fluorescent materials. For example, the first fluorescent material may include two different fluorescent materials configured to produce emissions with two different peak wavelengths in the range of 540nm to 570nm. In a similar manner, the second fluorescent material may include two different fluorescent materials configured to produce emissions with two different peak wavelengths in the range of 605nm to 650nm.

[0115] In some embodiments, the first fluorescent material and the second fluorescent material are dispersed together in a common binder such as silicone. In other embodiments, the first fluorescent material and the second fluorescent material are arranged in separate layers. For example, a second fluorescent material configured to produce a second phosphor emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 605nm to 650nm can be arranged between a first solid-state emitter and a first fluorescent material configured to produce a first phosphor emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 540nm to 570nm. In this regard, for embodiments in which the first phosphor emission includes wavelengths within the excitation spectrum of the second fluorescent material, the amount of the first phosphor emission received by the second fluorescent material can be reduced, thereby improving efficiency.

[0116] Having described the desired combination of a solid-state emitter and a fluorescent material, a solid-state lighting device that can incorporate such an emitter and a fluorescent material will now be described. In some embodiments, the first fluorescent material and the second fluorescent material are spatially separated from each other. In some embodiments, the first fluorescent material and the second fluorescent material are spatially separated from the at least one solid-state emitter.

[0117] In some embodiments, one or more solid-state emitters and fluorescent materials as described above can be provided in a single-chip or multi-chip LED package, as shown below. Figures 8 to 15 Described.

[0118] Figure 8 An LED package 100 is shown that includes a single LED chip 101 mounted on a reflective cup 102 using solder or conductive epoxy so that the ohmic contact of the cathode (or anode) of the LED chip 101 is electrically connected to the bottom of the reflective cup 102. The reflective cup 102 is connected to a first lead 103 of the LED package 100 or is formed integrally therewith. One or more bonding wires 104 connect the ohmic contact for the anode (or cathode) of the LED chip 101 to a second lead 105. The reflective cup 102 can be filled with an encapsulation material 106 that encapsulates the LED chip 101. The encapsulation material 106 can be clear or contain one or more wavelength conversion materials, such as phosphors or other fluorescent materials. The entire assembly is encapsulated in a clear protective resin 107, which can be molded into the shape of a lens to control the light emitted from the LED chip 101 and any fluorescent materials contained in the reflective cup 102.

[0119] Fig. 9 An alternative LED package 110 is shown in FIG. 1 , in which an LED chip 111 is mounted on a substrate 114. An ohmic contact for the anode (or cathode) of the LED chip 111 is mounted directly to a first contact pad 115 on the surface of the substrate 114. A bonding wire 117 is used to connect the ohmic contact for the cathode (or anode) of the LED chip 111 to a second contact pad 116 also located on the surface of the substrate 114. The LED chip 111 is located in a cavity of a reflector structure 118, which is formed of a reflective material and is used to reflect light emitted from the LED chip 111 through an opening formed by the reflector structure 118. The cavity formed by the reflector structure 118 can be filled with an encapsulation material 112 that encapsulates the LED chip 111. The encapsulation material 112 can be clear or contain at least one wavelength conversion material, such as one or more phosphors or other fluorescent materials.

[0120] FIG. 10A to FIG. 13BExemplary portions of solid-state lighting devices of different configurations are shown, which combine electrically activated solid-state light emitters and luminescent materials arranged on a package mount (or other substrate) and optionally covered with a lens, wherein such devices can be used individually or in groups according to certain embodiments described herein. It should be understood that for clarity of description, various structures employed within the entire lighting device (e.g., package leads, lead frames, contacts, bonding wires, bonding structures, heat transfer elements, diffusers, additional reflective surfaces, power supplies, etc.) are omitted, but those skilled in the art should understand that known structures can be combined in the light including FIG. 16A to FIG. 19B An illustrative portion of the operating lighting device is provided.

[0121] Fig. 10A A solid-state light emitting device 120 is shown, which includes at least one solid-state emitter (e.g., LED) chip 123 (which may include LED epitaxial layers and a support) arranged above an upper surface 122 of a package mount (or other substrate such as a printed circuit board) 121, wherein a top surface 124 of the solid-state emitter chip 123 is covered with at least one luminescent material 126 (e.g., a mixture or dispersion of different luminescent materials as disclosed herein). The package mount 121 may include metallized areas and / or vias (not shown) for conducting electrical signals to the solid-state emitter chip 123. The side surfaces 125 of the solid-state emitter chip 123 may be exposed, or in some embodiments may be coated with one or more materials or encapsulants.

[0122] Fig. 10B The image comprising the lens 129 after adding a lens 129 having a curved (eg, substantially hemispherical) shape is shown. Fig. 10A The solid-state light emitting device 120A of the device 120. The lens 129 can be formed by any suitable method, including but not limited to molding using a silicone material. In some embodiments, the width or lateral extent of the lens 129 can be substantially equal to the width or lateral extent of the package mount 121, and the peripheral portion 129A of the lens 129 can have a substantially uniform thickness. In other embodiments, the width or lateral extent of the lens 129 can be less than the width or lateral extent of the package mount 121.

[0123] Fig.11AA solid state light emitting device 130 is shown, which includes a solid state emitter (e.g., LED) chip 133 (which may include LED epitaxial layers and support members) arranged above an upper surface 132 of a package mount (or other substrate such as a printed circuit board) 131, wherein a top surface 134 and side surfaces 135 of the solid state emitter chip 133 and at least a portion of the upper surface 132 of the package mount 131 are covered with a wavelength conversion (e.g., fluorescing) material 136. In some embodiments, the solid state emitter chip 133 can be mounted to the package mount 131, and then the solid state emitter chip 133 and the upper surface 132 of the package mount 131 can be coated with the fluorescing material 136. The coating can be performed according to any suitable method disclosed herein, such as spraying, dipping, etc. The fluorescing material 136 can be arranged in a conformal layer that follows the shape and contours of multiple surfaces of the solid state emitter chip 133. Electrical connections to the solid state emitter chip 133 can be made before or after the coating step.

[0124] Fig. 11B The image comprising the lens 139 after adding a curved (eg, substantially hemispherical) shape having a substantially rectangular cross-section is shown. Fig.11A The solid-state light emitting device 130A of the device 130 of FIG. The lens 139 may be formed by any suitable method, including but not limited to molding using a silicone material. In some embodiments, the width or lateral extent of the lens 139 may be substantially equal to the width or lateral extent of the package mount 131. In other embodiments, the width or lateral extent of the lens 139 may be less than the width or lateral extent of the package mount 131.

[0125] Fig. 12AA solid state light emitting device 140 is shown, which includes a solid state emitter (e.g., LED) chip 143 (which may include LED epitaxial layers and a support) arranged above an upper surface 142 of a package mount (or other substrate such as a printed circuit board) 141, wherein a top surface 144 of the solid state emitter chip 143 is covered with first to third luminescent material layers 146, 147, 148. In some embodiments, the solid state emitter chip 143 is covered with the first luminescent material layer 146 and the second luminescent material layer 147, and the third luminescent material layer 148 is omitted. The package mount 141 may include metallization areas and / or through holes (not shown) for conducting electrical signals to the solid state emitter chip 143. The side surface 145 of the solid state emitter chip 143 may be exposed or otherwise coated with a luminescent material. In some embodiments, the solid-state emitter chip 143 may be coated with the first to third phosphor layers 146, 147, 148, and then the pre-coated solid-state emitter chip 143 may be mounted to the package mount 141, followed by establishing a suitable conductive connection to the solid-state emitter chip 143. Coating may be performed according to any suitable method disclosed herein, such as spray coating.

[0126] Fig. 12B The image includes a lens 149 having a curved (eg, substantially hemispherical) shape after adding the lens 149. Fig. 12A The solid-state light emitting device 140A of the device 140. The lens 149 can be formed by any suitable method, including but not limited to molding using a silicone material. In some embodiments, the width or lateral extent of the lens 149 can be substantially equal to the width or lateral extent of the package mount 141, and the peripheral portion 149A of the lens 149 can have a substantially uniform thickness. In other embodiments, the width or lateral extent of the lens 149 can be less than the width or lateral extent of the package mount 141.

[0127] Fig.13AA solid state light emitting device 150 is shown, which includes a solid state emitter (e.g., LED) chip 153 (which may include LED epitaxial layers and a support) disposed above an upper surface 152 of a package mount (or other substrate such as a printed circuit board) 151, wherein a top surface 154 and side surfaces 155 of the solid state emitter chip 153 and the upper surface 152 of the package mount 151 are covered with first to third luminescent material layers 156, 157, 158. In some embodiments, the solid state emitter chip 153 is covered with the first luminescent material layer 156 and the second luminescent material layer 157, and the third luminescent material layer 158 is omitted. In certain embodiments, the solid state emitter chip 153 can be mounted to the package mount 151, and then the LED chip 153 and the upper surface 152 of the package mount 151 can be coated with the luminescent material layers 156, 157, 158. The coating can be performed according to any suitable method disclosed herein, such as spray coating. The phosphorescent material layers 156, 157, 158 can be arranged in a conformal layer that follows the shape and contours of the various surfaces of the solid state emitter chip 153. Electrical connections to the solid state emitter chip 153 can be made before or after the coating step.

[0128] Fig. 13B The invention shows a configuration including a lens 159 after adding a curved (eg, substantially hemispherical) shape having a substantially rectangular cross-section. Fig.13A The solid-state light emitting device 150A of the device 150. The lens 159 can be formed by any suitable method, including but not limited to molding using a silicone material. In some embodiments, the width or lateral extent of the lens 159 can be substantially equal to the width or lateral extent of the package mount 151. In other embodiments, the width or lateral extent of the lens 159 can be less than the width or lateral extent of the package mount 151.

[0129] Despite Fig. 10B , Fig. 11B , Fig. 12B and Fig. 13B Specific lens shapes are shown in FIG. 1 , but it should be understood that lenses of any suitable shape may be applied to FIG. 10A to FIG. 13B Any of the lighting devices shown in . For example, symmetrical, asymmetrical, polygonal, truncated hemispherical, multi-faceted, textured and / or grooved lenses can be used.

[0130] Fig.14is a side cross-sectional view of at least a portion of a solid-state light emitting device 160, which includes a plurality of solid-state emitter (e.g., LED) chips 165 arranged in a flip-chip configuration above a base 161, wherein both an anode and a cathode are connected to the bottom of the chip 165. The solid-state emitter chip 165 may (optionally) include an angled or inclined upper edge having a non-rectangular (e.g., polygonal) cross-section, such a shape being used to enhance light extraction. The solid-state emitter chip 165 is coated or otherwise covered (e.g., in the form of one or more conformal layers) with one or more fluorescent materials 166 and is arranged below a hemispherical optical element (e.g., a lens) 169, wherein the conformal layer 166 follows the shape and contour of multiple surfaces of the solid-state emitter chip 165 (preferably having a substantially constant thickness). Such coating may be performed using any coating technique disclosed herein or known in the art. As Fig.14 As shown, the conformal layer 166 can extend above, between, and laterally beyond the solid-state emitter chip 165 (e.g., above a reflective material disposed between or adjacent to the solid-state emitter chip 165). The optical element 169 can be separated from the solid-state emitter chip 165 via a gap or intermediate material 168, which can include a sealant or fluid medium, such as a liquid or gel (e.g., mineral oil, perfluoropolyether (PFPE) liquid, or other fluorinated or halogenated liquid or gel). The intermediate material 168 can also include a refractive index matching medium characterized by a refractive index that provides reduced or minimal reflection or internal refraction of light emission. In some embodiments, the elements 168, 169 can be embodied as a single element, such as molded silicone. In some embodiments, the thickness of each conformal layer 166 can be less than half the spacing between adjacent solid-state emitter chips 165. In some embodiments, the spacing between the solid-state emitter chips 165 can be on the order of 10 to 75 microns, although larger spacings (up to 150 or even 500 microns) can also be used. In some embodiments, the optical element 169 may include one or more functional materials, such as fluorescent materials, filter materials, and / or scattering materials, which may be doped, coated, or otherwise disposed in or on the optical element 169. Still referring to Fig.14 , a base 161 (e.g., aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, high temperature polymer, etc.) is covered with a metal pattern (e.g., trace) 163, which can be used to interconnect the solid-state emitter chip 165 and provide connection to a power source (not shown). The metal pattern 163 includes connection pads 162 with insulating material 164 therebetween.

[0131] Fig.15A solid-state emitter package 180 is shown, which includes a plurality of solid-state emitter (e.g., LED) chips 185 connected to an electrical trace or metal pattern 182 via bonding wires 186 and arranged below a hemispherical optical element (e.g., lens) 189. In some embodiments, one or more solid-state emitter chips 185 are coated with one or more fluorescent materials. As shown, twelve solid-state emitter chips 185 are arranged in contact with the electrical trace or metal pattern 182 arranged above the base 181, and the cathodes of the solid-state emitter chips 185 are connected to the electrical trace or metal pattern 182 via bonding wires 186. In some embodiments, the optical element 189 may include one or more functional materials, such as fluorescent materials, notch filter materials, and / or scattering materials, which may be doped, coated, or otherwise disposed in or on the optical element 189. The solid-state emitter chips 185 may be selected from a variety of light color bins to provide a combined light output having appropriate color characteristics for a desired application. Prior to any filtering from the optical element 189, the unfiltered efficiency of a solid state emitter package 180 having a warm white color can be on the order of approximately 100 lumens per watt (lm / W); however, if the solid state emitter package 180 is binned for cool white, efficiencies on the order of approximately 150 lm / W can be achieved (i.e., prior to any filtering).

[0132] The embodiments disclosed herein may be applicable to various types of lamps, where melatonin suppression properties (i.e., low melatonin suppression conditions) that improve or reduce the symptoms of circadian rhythm disorders are desired. Various types of lamps include indoor and outdoor lamps. Indoor lamps with melatonin suppression properties described herein can be used in various applications, such as nighttime lighting in hospital rooms, where good visibility of doctors and nurses can be maintained without disrupting the circadian rhythm of patients. Other indoor applications may include nighttime lighting for nurseries and other family bedrooms, as well as agricultural and livestock applications. Indoor lighting devices may include at least one of area lights, downlights, high-ceiling or low-ceiling lamps, hanging lamps, dark light troughs, wall-mounted lamps or ceiling-mounted lamps, track lights, table lamps or floor lamps, and bulbs. Outdoor lamps with melatonin suppression properties described herein can be used in various applications, including at least one of area lights, street or road lamps, canopy lights, soffit lights, parking garage lamps, floodlighting, and wall-mounted or ceiling-mounted outdoor lamps. In this regard, circadian rhythms may not be disrupted and light pollution may be reduced.

[0133] FIG. 16A to FIG. 16D A lighting device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, embodied in a substantially cylindrical downlight 200 for in-ceiling mounting, and including a plurality of LEDs as part of an LED module 206 . Fig.16A It is along Fig. 16B 2 is a cross-sectional view of a downlight 200 taken along line AA in FIG. The downlight 200 includes a generally cylindrical base housing 201 and a heat sink housing 205 that combine to form a main structure. A mounting element 214 (e.g., a rotatable spring tab) is arranged along an upper surface 215 of the base housing 201. A cable 218 extends between the base housing 201 and an Edison (screw-type) male connector that forms a threaded side contact 212 and a bottom contact 211. The base housing 201 defines an interior volume 202 containing printed circuit boards 203, 204, which include operating elements such as a power converter, a controller module (e.g., including at least one processor and memory), one or more transceivers (e.g., wireless transceivers), an LED driver module, a sensor module, a detector, a voice recognition circuit, etc. The heat sink housing 205 defines an inner cavity 209 that includes a reflective surface 208 and is also defined by a light-transmitting optical element such as a lens and / or a diffuser 210. A decorative bezel 213 is arranged proximate to the open end of the heat sink housing 205. The downlight 200 may include any suitable features disclosed herein, and is preferably arranged to perform any one or more of the functions and / or method steps described herein.

[0134] FIG. 17A to FIG. 17B A light bulb 240 is shown according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, which includes a plurality of LEDs 247 arranged in a two-dimensional array within a cavity defined by a light-transmissive sphere or lens 250. Each LED 247 can have a plurality of luminescent materials associated therewith. The LEDs 247 are arranged on a substantially flat single emitter support surface 246, which may or may not be elevated by a base 254. In other embodiments, the LEDs 247 can be arranged as a strip within the interior volume of the lens 250 to mimic the appearance of an incandescent filament. The light bulb 240 includes a main body structure 241 with an associated external heat sink 245. An Edison (screw-type) connector including a threaded side contact 252 and a bottom contact 251 extends from an end of the main body structure 241 opposite the lens 250. The main structure 241 defines an internal volume containing at least one printed circuit board (not shown) including operating elements, such as a power converter, a controller module (e.g., including at least one processor and memory), one or more transceivers (e.g., wireless transceivers), LED driver modules, sensor modules, detectors, voice recognition circuitry, etc. The light bulb 240 can include any suitable features disclosed herein.

[0135] FIG. 18A to FIG. 18BA trough-type (in-ceiling linear) luminaire 300 is shown arranged to include a plurality of solid-state emitters (e.g., LEDs) 326 as disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, one or more luminescent materials may be associated with one or more solid-state emitters 326. Optionally, the luminaire 300 may include one or more notch filter materials, such as may be associated with the solid-state emitters 326, which may be applied to or included in a linear reflector (e.g., by doping, impregnation, coating, etc.), or may be applied to or integrated with one or more light-transmissive lens plates 315, 316 to cause light emitted from the luminaire 300 to exhibit spectral notching. The luminaire 300 includes a pan 301, a heat sink 302, a reflector 308, and end caps 310, 311. The end cap 310 is larger than the end cap 311 and is shaped to function as a circuit box to house electronics (e.g., rectifiers, regulators, timing circuits, etc.) for driving and controlling the light source. The reflector 308 may include a diffusely reflective surface or a specularly reflective surface 318. Although the reflector can take a variety of shapes, in the illustrated embodiment, the reflector 308 includes a flat region 324 opposite the heat sink 302. In alternative embodiments, the reflector 308 can be parabolic in shape, or include two or more parabolic regions. The luminaire 300 also includes a diffuser lens assembly that includes lens plates 315, 316 disposed adjacent to the sides of the heat sink 302. As shown, the one or more solid-state emitters 326 are arranged facing the reflector 308 in a manner such that a majority of the LED emission interacts with the reflector 308 before exiting the luminaire 300 via the lens plates 315, 316. In an alternative embodiment, the one or more solid-state emitters 326 are arranged to face the lens plates 315, 316 so that a smaller portion of the LED emission interacts with the reflector 308 before exiting the luminaire 300. In such an embodiment, the lens plates 315, 316 can be replaced with a single continuous lens plate covering the reflector 308.

[0136] FIG. 19A to FIG. 19B A high-ceiling / low-ceiling type solid-state light fixture 330 is shown, which includes a frame 332, above which a heat sink 334 and an electronics housing 336 are mounted. An LED array 338 is mounted on the bottom side of the frame 332 and may be covered by a lens 340. As shown, a portion of the lens 340 is shown removed to expose the LED array 338. A reflector 342 may be disposed around the LED array 338 to help direct and mix the light emitted from the LED array 338 for general illumination.

[0137] FIG. 20A to FIG. 20E A first outdoor floodlight (eg, streetlight or pathlight) fixture 350 is shown that may include a solid state light emitter and a fluorescent material according to embodiments described herein. Fig. 20A, the light fixture 350 is mounted to the pole 352 by a tenon 354. In this example, the tenon 354 extends outward from the top of the pole 352, and the light fixture 350 is attached to the free end of the tenon 354. The bottom of the pole 352 can be mounted to a pole base 356, which is securely mounted in or on the ground or other surface. As provided herein, the tenon 354 is defined as a mounting structure to which the light fixture 350 is directly mounted. The tenon 354 can be an integral extension or part of the pole 352, attached to the pole 352, or directly attached to a structure other than the pole, such as a building, wall, frame, sign, etc.

[0138] Typically, the luminaire 350 has a housing 358 in which a light source 360 ​​and an ambient light sensor 362 are mounted. In normal operation, the ambient light sensor 362 provides information about ambient light levels, and based on these ambient light levels, the light source 360 ​​will be turned on and off. When the ambient light level drops below a certain level, the light source 360 ​​will be turned on, and when the ambient light level rises above a certain level, the light source 360 ​​will be turned off in a conventional manner. Although the light source 360 ​​can be constructed in various ways, the light source shown includes an LED and sufficient control circuitry to drive the LED as needed in response to information provided by the ambient light sensor 362 and any other sensors (e.g., occupancy, motion, sound, vibration, temperature, etc. sensors) and a wired or wireless controller. As further described below, an access cover 364 provides access to the interior of the housing 358. This access can facilitate connecting the light source and securely attaching the luminaire 350 to the tenon 354. In some embodiments, the access cover 364 is hinged at the rear of the housing 358 and rotates downward to provide access to the interior of the housing 358. The access cover 364 can be locked into a closed position using a variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms can include fasteners (such as screws and bolts), snap fits, and magnetic configurations.

[0139] The housing 358 and the access cover 364 can be formed using an overmolding process that uses various molding compounds, such as thermosetting block molding compounds, fiber reinforced thermoplastics, or unfilled thermoplastics. These molding compounds can be based on polymers, but are not limited thereto, and can include various types of fibers for reinforcement, such as glass fibers. Through the overmolding process, the housing 358 and its various features can be integrally formed into a single structure. In addition, various features disposed on or inside the housing 358 can be fixed to the structure, surrounded by the structure, or otherwise formed within the structure. The tenon 354 can be formed of the same or different material as the housing 358. In various embodiments, the tenon 354 can be formed of metals (e.g., aluminum and steel) and composite materials (e.g., carbon reinforced polymers, etc.).

[0140] Fig. 20B A rear isometric view of the light fixture 350 is provided, including a view of the housing 358 and the ambient light sensor 362 on the side of the light fixture 350 opposite the access cover 364. The opening at the rear of the light fixture 350 is referred to as the tenon bracket 366. The tenon bracket 366 receives the tenon 354, and an attachment mechanism, which will be described further below, is used to securely attach the light fixture 350 to the tenon 354. Fig. 20C , Fig.20D and Fig.20E A side view, a front view, and a bottom view of a lamp 350 including a housing 358, a light source 360, an ambient light sensor 362, an access cover 364, and a tenon bracket 366 are provided, respectively. As previously described, the light source 360 ​​includes an LED and sufficient control circuitry to drive the LED. The light source 360 ​​may also include one or more lenses or reflectors configured to direct light in a desired emission pattern. In some embodiments, the light source 360 ​​includes a waveguide or waveguide optical device configured to receive light from the LED and direct the light in a desired emission pattern.

[0141] FIG. 21A to FIG. 21B A second outdoor floodlight (e.g., streetlight or road light) fixture 400 is shown, which may include a solid state light emitter and a luminescent material as described herein. The fixture 400 includes a housing 410, which includes a base portion 411 supported by an elongated rod 401 or other support. A plurality of LED modules 431-1, 431-2, 431-3 are arranged along a lower surface 420 of the fixture 400 between the rod 401 and the end cap 412, each LED module including a plurality of LEDs 418A, 418B arranged in an array. The LED modules 431-1, 431-2, 431-3 are arranged proximate to an air gap 414 to allow heat to be dissipated to a heat sink or heat spreader 426 (arranged along an upper surface 413 of the housing 410) and transferred to the surrounding environment. The luminaire 400 may include at least one receiver or sensor element 440-1, 440-2, which may be embodied as any one or more of a GPS receiver, a radio frequency receiver, an ambient light sensor, an image sensor, a temperature sensor, a motion sensor, a sound sensor, a timer, and the like.

[0142] FIG. 22A to FIG. 22B A third outdoor floodlight (e.g., streetlight or road light) fixture 450 is shown that includes a main structure 402 housing an array of solid state light emitters 404 as disclosed herein. An interface structure 406 may be used to couple the fixture 450 to a pole 410. For example FIG. 22A to FIG. 22B The outdoor light fixture shown may be mounted to a pole, dowel, etc. An array of solid state light emitters 404 may be used to illuminate a desired environment, such as a roadway, parking lot, street, etc.

[0143] exist FIG. 16A to FIG. 16D , FIG. 17A to FIG. 17B, FIG. 18A to FIG. 18B , FIG. 19A to FIG. 19B , FIG. 20A to FIG. 20E , FIG. 21A to FIG. 21B and FIG. 22A to FIG. 22B Any of the lamps described in can be configured to provide a collective emission having a CCT in the range of about 1800K to about 2600K. In further embodiments, the collective emission has a CCT in the range of about 1800K to about 2300K, or in the range of 2150K to 2250K. In some embodiments, the collective emission has a Duv in the range of 0.005 to 0.020; in further embodiments, the collective emission has a Duv in the range of 0.005 to 0.015; in still further embodiments, the collective emission has a Duv in the range of 0.005 to 0.010. In some embodiments, the collective emission has a CRI of at least 65. In further embodiments, the collective emission has a CRI of at least 70. In further embodiments, the collective emission has a CRI in the range of 65 to 85, or in the range of 65 to 80, or in the range of 70 to 90, or in the range of 70 to 80.

[0144] In some embodiments, FIG. 16A to FIG. 16D , FIG. 17A to FIG. 17B , FIG. 18A to FIG. 18B , FIG. 19A to FIG. 19B , FIG. 20A to FIG. 20E , FIG. 21A to FIG. 21B and FIG. 22A to FIG. 22B Any of the lamps described in has a plurality of LEDs, each LED configured to provide the same collective emission as previously described. In other embodiments, different LEDs in the plurality of LEDs have different emission characteristics that together form the collective emission of the particular lamp. For example, a solid-state lighting device may include a first electrically activated solid-state emitter configured to produce an emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 430nm to 480nm, a first luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the first electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a first phosphor emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 540nm to 570nm, a second electrically activated solid-state emitter configured to produce an emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 430nm to 480nm, and a second luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the second electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a second phosphor emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 605nm to 650nm. Thus, the collective emission of the solid-state lighting device includes a portion of the emissions of the first electrically activated solid-state emitter and the second electrically activated solid-state emitter, the first phosphor emission, and the second phosphor emission.

[0145] Implementations as disclosed herein may provide one or more of the following beneficial technical effects: reducing circadian disruption of illumination provided by a lighting device while maintaining desired color rendering characteristics; reducing light pollution of the night sky; and reducing energy consumption required by lamps.

[0146] Those skilled in the art will recognize improvements and modifications to the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure. All such improvements and modifications are considered to be within the scope of the concepts disclosed herein and the appended claims.

Claims

1. A solid-state lighting device, comprising: at least one electrically-activated solid-state emitter configured to produce emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 430 nm to 480 nm; a first luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of at least one of said electrically activated solid state emitters and responsively produce a first luminescent emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 540 nm to 570 nm; as well as a second luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of at least one of said electrically activated solid state emitters and responsively produce a second luminescent emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 605 nm to 650 nm; wherein the aggregate emission of the solid state lighting device includes at least a portion of the emission of each of at least one of the electrically activated solid state emitters, the first phosphor emission, and the second phosphor emission; and Wherein the concentrated emission has a CCT in the range of 1800K to 2300K and has a Duv of at least 0.

005.

2. The solid-state lighting device according to claim 1, wherein: The concentrated emission has a CCT in the range of 2150K to 2250K.

3. The solid-state lighting device according to claim 1, wherein: The focused emission has a Duv in the range of 0.005 to 0.

020.

4. The solid-state lighting device according to claim 1, wherein: The concentrated emission has a CRI of at least 65.

5. The solid-state lighting device according to claim 4, wherein: The focused emission has a CRI in the range of 65 to 85.

6. The solid-state lighting device according to claim 1, wherein: The first phosphor-emitting material and the second phosphor-emitting material are dispersed together in a common binder.

7. The solid-state lighting device according to claim 1, wherein: The first phosphor-emitting material and the second phosphor-emitting material are arranged in separate discrete layers from one another on at least one of the electrically-activated solid-state emitters.

8. The solid-state lighting device according to claim 7, wherein: The second fluorescent material is disposed between the first fluorescent material and at least one of the electrically activated solid state emitters.

9. The solid-state lighting device according to claim 1, wherein: The solid state lighting device includes a light emitting diode package.

10. The solid-state lighting device according to claim 1, wherein: The solid-state lighting device includes an outdoor lamp.

11. The solid-state lighting device according to claim 1, wherein: The solid-state lighting device includes an indoor lamp.

12. A solid-state lighting device, comprising: a first electrically-activated solid-state emitter configured to produce emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 430 nm to 480 nm; a first luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the first electrically activated solid state emitter and to responsively produce a first luminescent emission; a second electrically activated solid-state transmitter; as well as a second luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the second electrically activated solid state emitter and to responsively produce a second luminescent emission, wherein the second luminescent emission has a peak wavelength that differs by at least 25 nm from a peak wavelength of the first luminescent emission; wherein the aggregate emission of the solid state lighting device includes at least a portion of the emission of each of the first electrically activated solid state emitter, the second electrically activated solid state emitter, the first phosphor emission, and the second phosphor emission; and Wherein the concentrated emission has a CCT in the range of 1800K to 2600K and has a Duv of at least 0.

005.

13. The solid-state lighting device according to claim 12, wherein: The first phosphor emits light having a peak wavelength in the range of 540 nm to 570 nm.

14. The solid-state lighting device according to claim 12, wherein: The second electrically-activated solid-state emitter is configured to produce emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 430 nm to 480 nm, and the second phosphor emission has a peak wavelength in the range of 605 nm to 650 nm.

15. The solid-state lighting device according to claim 12, wherein: The concentrated emission has a CRI of at least 65.

16. The solid-state lighting device according to claim 15, wherein: The focused emission has a CRI in the range of 65 to 85.

17. A solid-state lighting device comprising: a first electrically-activated solid-state emitter configured to produce emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 430 nm to 480 nm; a first luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the first electrically activated solid state emitter and responsively produce a first luminescent emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 540 nm to 570 nm; as well as a second electrically-activated solid-state emitter configured to produce emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 605 nm to 650 nm; wherein the aggregate emission of the solid state lighting device includes at least a portion of the emission of each of the first electrically activated solid state emitter, the first phosphor emission, and the second electrically activated solid state emitter; and Wherein the concentrated emission has a CCT in the range of 1800K to 2600K and has a Duv of at least 0.

005.

18. The solid-state lighting device of claim 17, further comprising a second luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the first electrically activated solid-state emitter and responsively produce a second phosphor emission having a peak wavelength in the range of 605 nm to 650 nm.

19. The solid-state lighting device of claim 17, wherein: The concentrated emission has a CRI of at least 65.

20. The solid-state lighting device of claim 19, wherein: The focused emission has a CRI in the range of 65 to 85.

21. The solid-state lighting device according to any one of claims 12 to 20, wherein: The concentrated emission has a CCT in the range of 1800K to 2300K.

22. A solid-state lighting device, comprising: a first electrically activated solid-state transmitter; a first luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the first electrically activated solid state emitter and to responsively produce a first luminescent emission; as well as at least one other light emitter, comprising at least one of the following items (a) and (b): (a) a second electrically activated solid state emitter, and (b) a second luminescent material arranged to receive at least a portion of the emission of the first electrically activated solid state emitter and to responsively produce a second luminescent emission; wherein the aggregate emission of the solid state lighting device includes at least a portion of the emission of each of the first electrically activated solid state emitter, the first fluorescent material, and the at least one other light emitter; and wherein the aggregate emission has a CCT in the range of 1800K to 2300K and a circadian stimulation (CS) value of less than 0.17, and has a Duv of at least 0.

005.

23. The solid-state lighting device of claim 22, wherein: The focused emission includes a CRI of at least 70.

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