A blockchain and intelligent connected vehicle-based toll collection system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a charging system and method based on a blockchain and an intelligent networked automobile, the charging system comprising an intelligent networked automobile and an operation management party, and further comprising a roadside device. The charging method comprises the following steps: when a vehicle enters a charging area, the vehicle joins a blockchain in which the charging system is located, and the intelligent networked automobile technology is used to find vehicles near the charging area, and the vehicles near the charging area also find the vehicle; any vehicle in the charging area and the vehicles near the vehicle perform blockchain transactions between each other at a preset time interval, corresponding transaction information is generated, the transaction information is uploaded to the blockchain in a preset format, cross verification is performed, and blockchain consensus is formed; when any vehicle in the charging area stays in the charging area for a preset time or drives away from the charging area, a smart contract is triggered, and the operation management party of the charging area charges the vehicle. The application is a decentralized charging system and method.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of intelligent transportation, in particular to a road and parking lot charging system and method based on blockchain and intelligent connected vehicles. BACKGROUND

[0002] Whether it is highway non-stop charging or roadside parking charging and closed parking lot charging, the amount of charges is determined by three variables: vehicle information, location information and time information; among them, the vehicle information is mainly used to determine the rate, if it is road charging, the location information is the dynamic vehicle trajectory, for parking charging, the information location is the static position, and the time information is the time of the vehicle staying or driving in the charging area.

[0003] To obtain the above three variables, the traditional charging system and method are to obtain charging information through the roadside equipment relied on and to identify and authenticate the vehicle, so a large number of charging infrastructure needs to be established; at the same time, in order to accurately identify and authenticate the vehicle, the traditional charging system and method need to establish a set of security authentication system, the traditional security authentication system usually has a trust root, and then spreads outward layer by layer with the trust root as the center, which is a centralized security authentication system. However, in reality, different roads have different operation and management parties, and different parking lots also have different operation and management parties, and there may be multiple operation and management parties in a system, so this traditional charging mode brings difficulties to electronic road and parking charging and increases the construction and management cost. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the defects in the prior art, in order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present application is to provide a charging system and method based on blockchain and intelligent connected vehicles, the charging information obtained by the operation and management party can only need the data uploaded by the vehicle itself and the nearby vehicles, in this set of decentralized system and corresponding method, the application of roadside equipment is optional, at the same time, the verification of the charging information by the operation and management party is no longer based on a centralized security authentication system, but is decentralized, and the amount of charges is based on the consensus formed by the cross verification between vehicles, which is obviously beneficial.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0006] A charging system based on blockchain and intelligent connected vehicles, the charging system comprises: an intelligent connected vehicle and an operation and management party, and the charging area managed by the charging system is any one of a highway, an urban road, a closed parking lot or a roadside parking lot;

[0007] When the vehicle enters the charging area, it joins the blockchain where the charging system is located, finds the vehicles near the vehicle in the charging area through intelligent networked vehicle technology, and the vehicles near the vehicle also find the vehicle, and the vehicles found by each other conduct blockchain transactions between each other; the vehicle and the vehicles near the vehicle are all intelligent networked vehicles;

[0008] The operation management party charges the vehicles in the charging area based on the blockchain transactions between the vehicles in the charging area, wherein the intelligent networked vehicles in the charging area and the operation management party have both joined the blockchain where the charging system is located.

[0009] Further, the charging system as described above, the charging system can further include: a roadside device, the roadside device includes a vehicle networking roadside communication module, the roadside device further includes image and video sensors, laser radars, thereby having corresponding environmental perception capabilities;

[0010] The roadside device is located in the charging area, finds the vehicles near the roadside device in the charging area, and the vehicles near the roadside device also find the roadside device.

[0011] Wherein, the roadside device has joined the blockchain where the charging system is located, and charges the vehicles near the roadside device based on the blockchain transactions between the roadside device and the vehicles near the roadside device in the charging area.

[0012] Further, the charging system as described above, any vehicle in the charging area finds the vehicles near the vehicle through the intelligent networked vehicle technology, and the vehicle and the vehicles near the vehicle conduct blockchain transactions between each other.

[0013] Further, the charging system as described above, any vehicle in the charging area finds the vehicles near the vehicle through the intelligent networked vehicle technology, and the vehicle and the vehicles near the vehicle conduct blockchain transactions between each other. At the same time, the vehicle finds the roadside device near the vehicle through the intelligent networked vehicle technology, the roadside device finds the vehicles near the roadside device through vehicle networking V2I communication technology and environmental perception technology, and the roadside device and the vehicles near the roadside device conduct blockchain transactions between each other.

[0014] Further, the charging system as described above, the charging system evaluates the blockchain transactions between each pair of vehicles in the charging area through the consensus algorithm of the blockchain where the charging system is located, cross- verifies the transaction information uploaded by the vehicles in the charging area, forms a blockchain consensus, and the blockchain consensus serves as the basis for the operation management party to charge the vehicles in the charging area.

[0015] Further, the charging system as described above, the charging system evaluates the blockchain transactions between each pair of vehicles in the charging area through the consensus algorithm of the blockchain where the charging system is located, cross- verifies the transaction information uploaded by the vehicles in the charging area, forms a blockchain consensus, and the blockchain consensus serves as the basis for the operation management party to charge the vehicles in the charging area.

[0016] Further, the charging system as described above, the charging system adopts a smart contract as the charging basis, the smart contract is a component of the blockchain where the charging system is located, and if any vehicle in the charging area meets the triggering condition of the smart contract, the operation management party charges the vehicles in the charging area according to the smart contract.

[0017] A charging method based on a blockchain and a smart connected vehicle, the charging method comprising:

[0018] S100, when a vehicle enters a charging area, joins a blockchain where the charging system is located, finds vehicles near the vehicle in the charging area through smart connected vehicle technology, and the vehicles near the vehicle also find the vehicle, the vehicle and the vehicles near the vehicle are all smart connected vehicles;

[0019] S200, any vehicle in the charging area and the vehicle near the vehicle conduct a blockchain transaction at a preset time interval, generate corresponding transaction information, upload the transaction information to the blockchain in a preset format, and form a blockchain consensus;

[0020] S300, when any vehicle in the charging area stays or travels in the charging area for a preset time or leaves the charging area, a smart contract is triggered, and the operation management party of the charging area charges the vehicle.

[0021] Further, the charging method as described above, when the charging method is applied to a roadside device in the charging system:

[0022] In S100, the roadside device finds vehicles near the roadside device through the vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication technology and the environmental perception technology, and the vehicles near the roadside device also perceive the roadside device.

[0023] In S200, blockchain transactions are conducted between the roadside equipment and the vehicles near the roadside equipment in pairs;

[0024] In S100 and S200, the roadside equipment and the vehicle have the same role, but the location of the roadside equipment is fixed within the toll area;

[0025] In S300, the roadside equipment is distinct from the vehicle. The roadside equipment is not the object of toll collection. The blockchain transactions executed by the roadside equipment are used to collect tolls from vehicles near the roadside equipment.

[0026] Furthermore, in the toll collection method described above, in S100, the vehicle locates vehicles near the vehicle within the toll collection area using intelligent connected vehicle technology, achieved through any of the following methods:

[0027] The first method: The vehicle finds nearby vehicles through V2V communication in the vehicle network and obtains the vehicle perception information and relative position information of the nearby vehicles.

[0028] The second method: The vehicle uses an onboard environmental perception device to locate vehicles near it within the toll area, and obtains vehicle perception information and relative position information of the vehicles near it. The onboard environmental perception device includes a visual sensor and a lidar.

[0029] Furthermore, in the charging method described above, in S200, any vehicle within the charging area and vehicles near that vehicle conduct blockchain transactions in pairs at preset time intervals, including:

[0030] Each vehicle automatically generates a virtual asset with unique characteristics at the preset time interval, which can only be transferred between nearby vehicles. Each vehicle transfers the virtual asset by conducting blockchain transactions with vehicles near it.

[0031] Furthermore, in the charging method described above, in S200, when any vehicle initiates a blockchain transaction with a vehicle near the vehicle, corresponding transaction information is generated. The transaction information includes: vehicle information and absolute location information uploaded by the vehicle itself; vehicle perception information and relative location information of the vehicles near the vehicle; and vehicle information and absolute location information uploaded by the vehicles near the vehicle itself.

[0032] Based on the transaction information, the vehicle information and location information of vehicles near the vehicle perceived by any vehicle are compared with the vehicle information and location information uploaded by the vehicles near the vehicle, and cross-validation is performed.

[0033] Further, as described above, in S200, after uploading the transaction information in a preset format to the blockchain where the charging system is located, a blockchain consensus is formed, including:

[0034] Based on the transaction information, the transaction between the any vehicle and the vehicles near the any vehicle is evaluated by a consensus algorithm of the blockchain, and the consensus algorithm includes:

[0035] If there is no contradiction between the information uploaded by the any vehicle and the information uploaded by the vehicles near the any vehicle in the transaction information, and the transaction is endorsed by the transactions of other vehicles near the any vehicle, it is confirmed that the transaction is established, and the transaction information is trusted information;

[0036] If there is a contradiction between the information uploaded by the any vehicle and the information uploaded by the vehicles near the any vehicle in the transaction information, one of the any vehicle and the vehicles near the any vehicle is a dishonest node, and the transaction is not established. Among the any vehicle and the vehicles near the any vehicle, the vehicle that gets more transactions endorsed by the nodes in the blockchain is an honest node, and the vehicle information and location information uploaded by the honest node are trusted information;

[0037] When evaluating the transaction by the consensus algorithm, the trust weight of a specific node in the consensus algorithm is adjusted, and the specific node is a specific vehicle or the roadside device.

[0038] Further, as described above, the charging method S200 further includes:

[0039] The transaction type between the any vehicle and the vehicles near the any vehicle is distinguished by the following method, and the transaction type includes a charging transaction and a credit evaluation transaction;

[0040] If there is no contradiction in the transaction information uploaded by the transaction, the transaction is a charging transaction, and the transaction information included in the charging transaction is directly used for real-time charging;

[0041] If there is a contradiction in the transaction information uploaded by the transaction, the transaction is a credit evaluation transaction, and whether the any vehicle is an honest node is evaluated according to the consensus algorithm, and credit evaluation is performed on the two parties of the transaction.

[0042] Further, as described above, the charging method S300 includes:

[0043] When any vehicle in the toll area stays in the toll area for a preset stay time or drives away from the toll area, a smart contract in the toll system is triggered, the toll information of the any vehicle is obtained according to a blockchain consensus formed by a blockchain where the toll system is located, and a fee reduction item is determined according to a preset fee reduction condition of the smart contract, and the operation management party charges the any vehicle according to the fee reduction item.

[0044] The application has the following beneficial effects: first, the application is a decentralized system and method, and a vehicle user can conveniently join a toll system, and the decentralized system and method are particularly suitable for a case where a toll system has multiple operation management parties; second, the application cross- verifies transaction information formed by two-by-two transactions of vehicles to help form a blockchain consensus, and the blockchain consensus is taken as a toll basis, so that road and parking lot toll infrastructure is no longer needed or can be greatly reduced, thereby saving construction and operation costs and bringing beneficial improvements; and finally, the application applies a smart contract, corresponding toll rules and system designs are written into the smart contract, decentralization is achieved, tampering is prevented, and the accuracy of tolls is ensured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 A flowchart of a toll method based on a blockchain and a smart connected vehicle provided in an embodiment of the application is shown.

[0046] Figure 2 A running logic diagram of a smart contract provided in an embodiment of the application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The application will be further described in detail below in combination with a specific implementation of the toll system and method described in the application.

[0048] The application provides a toll system based on a blockchain and a smart connected vehicle, and the toll system includes: a smart connected vehicle and an operation management party, and a toll area managed by the toll system is any one of a highway, an urban road, a closed parking lot or a roadside parking lot.

[0049] When a vehicle enters a toll area, the vehicle joins a blockchain where a toll system is located, finds vehicles near the vehicle in the toll area through smart connected vehicle technology, and the vehicles near the vehicle also find the vehicle, and the vehicles found by each other perform blockchain transactions; the vehicle and the vehicles near the vehicle are all smart connected vehicles.

[0050] An operation management party charges vehicles in a toll area based on blockchain transactions between the vehicles in the toll area, wherein the smart connected vehicles in the toll area and the operation management party have both joined a blockchain where a toll system is located.

[0051] Preferably, the toll system can further comprise: a roadside device, the roadside device comprising a vehicle networking roadside communication module, the roadside device further comprising image and video sensors, laser radars, thereby having corresponding environmental perception capabilities;

[0052] The roadside device is located in the toll area, and the vehicle near the roadside device is found, and the vehicle near the roadside device also finds the roadside device;

[0053] The roadside device has joined the blockchain where the toll system is located, and the vehicle near the roadside device is charged based on the blockchain transaction between the roadside device in the toll area and the vehicle near the roadside device.

[0054] Intelligent connected vehicle (ICV) refers to the organic combination of vehicle networking and intelligent vehicle, which is equipped with advanced vehicle-mounted sensors, controllers, actuators and other devices, and integrates modern communication and network technology to realize the exchange and sharing of intelligent information between vehicle and human, vehicle, road and background, realize safe, comfortable, energy-saving and efficient driving, and ultimately replace human operation. Intelligent connected vehicle technology is the collection of intelligent vehicle technology and vehicle networking technology. Intelligent connected vehicle has environmental perception capability, that is, the ability to obtain vehicle position, nearby vehicles, road and other environmental information by using GNSS devices, image and video devices, vehicle networking vehicle-mounted communication devices, ultrasonic sensors, millimeter wave radars and laser radars. Intelligent connected vehicle is the object of toll in electronic road and parking toll system, and the vehicle toll type information of intelligent connected vehicle, the time in the toll area, the static or dynamic position information in the toll area together determine the toll fee.

[0055] The operation management party, that is, the main body of electronic road and parking toll, can be the owner of toll road and parking lot, or the operation party and management party of toll road and parking lot; for non-stop toll of expressway, it includes the operation and management center of each toll section, and the provincial road network center and the national road network center of its superior; for parking lot toll, it can be the owner itself, or the parking lot operation party entrusted by the owner, or even an individual owner who owns one or two parking spaces and hopes to provide them to other vehicles for use.

[0056] The roadside device includes a vehicle networking roadside communication device, is used for V2I communication, realizes vehicle-road cooperation, is arranged at a roadside, and performs bidirectional communication with nearby vehicles. In addition to the vehicle networking communication function module, the roadside device can also include image and video, laser radar and other sensors, thereby having corresponding environmental perception capability. In the centralized charging system, the operation management party trusts the roadside device, and the charging is completely based on the vehicle charging information collected by the roadside device; compared with this, in the decentralized charging system proposed in the application, the role of the roadside device is completely different, and is an optional item. The operation management party uses a blockchain consensus mechanism to evaluate the charging information collected and uploaded by the vehicle roadside device, and then decides whether to use it for charging.

[0057] The vehicles in the examples of the application all belong to intelligent networked vehicles. All vehicles in the charging area use intelligent networked vehicle technology to find nearby vehicles and roadside devices, and adjacent vehicles perform blockchain transactions with each other. Each vehicle in the charging area uses intelligent networked vehicle technology to find a nearby roadside device, and the roadside device uses V2I communication and environmental perception sensors to find vehicles near the roadside device. Adjacent roadside devices and vehicles perform blockchain transactions with each other.

[0058] The charging system cross- verifies the above blockchain transactions using the consensus algorithm of the blockchain where the charging system is located, forms a blockchain consensus, and the blockchain consensus is the basis for the operation management party to charge vehicles. The charging system uses a smart contract, and the code of the smart contract is part of the blockchain where the charging system is located. Once any vehicle in the charging area meets the triggering condition of the smart contract, the operation management party charges the vehicle according to the smart contract.

[0059] In the embodiment, the blockchain where the charging system is located uses Hyperledger Fabric as a blockchain framework. Hyperledger Fabric is a widely used open source blockchain system and framework. One arrangement implementation is to select vehicles and roadside devices as clients (client) and endorsement nodes (endorser). The operation management party runs the ordering node (orderer), CA and accounting node (committer). After the client registers with the CA, the client submits a transaction proposal, the endorsement node completes the endorsement processing of the corresponding transaction proposal, the client submits the transaction proposal to the ordering node, the ordering node sorts the transaction, and forms a block based on the consensus; the accounting node pulls the block from the ordering node, verifies the legality of the block, writes it into the local blockchain, and a complete transaction is completed. The charging system described in the application does not limit the blockchain system and framework used, and the use of other blockchain systems and frameworks also belongs to different embodiments of the application.

[0060] The application is applied to the charging system, and a specific implementation of a charging method based on a blockchain and a smart connected vehicle is as shown in Figure 1 The following steps are explained as follows:

[0061] S100, when the vehicle enters the charging area, joins the blockchain where the charging system is located, finds the vehicle near the vehicle in the charging area through the smart connected vehicle technology, and the vehicle near the vehicle also finds the vehicle, and the vehicle and the vehicle near the vehicle are both smart connected vehicles;

[0062] In this embodiment, one way for the vehicle to find the nearby vehicle by using the smart connected vehicle technology is to use the V2V communication of the Internet of Vehicles. For the Internet of Vehicles of the C-V2X (Cellular V2X) standard series, the terminal direct mode (PC5) is used between the vehicle and the vehicle to find the nearby vehicle that can communicate with it and obtain the vehicle information. Further, for the Internet of Vehicles conforming to the IEEE802.11p and 1609 standard series, the vehicle sends WSA (WAVE Service Advertisement) to obtain the response of the nearby vehicle that can communicate with it. The sender can control the transmission power of V2V communication, thereby controlling the communication range, and can obtain RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication), so that through the Internet of Vehicles communication, the vehicle can obtain the relative position data between the vehicles that perform V2V communication.

[0063] In this embodiment, another way to find the nearby vehicle by using the smart connected vehicle technology is to use the visual sensor, laser radar and other vehicle-mounted environment perception devices to obtain and intelligently identify the information of the nearby vehicle, and obtain the relative position data of the nearby vehicle.

[0064] When the charging method of this embodiment is applied to the roadside equipment in the charging system, the roadside equipment finds the nearby vehicle through V2I communication and environment perception sensors, and is also perceived by the nearby vehicle. In this step, the roadside equipment and the vehicle have the same role, but the position of the roadside equipment is fixed in the charging area.

[0065] S200, any vehicle in the charging area and any vehicle near the vehicle perform blockchain transaction between each other at a preset time interval, generate corresponding transaction information, upload the transaction information to the blockchain in a preset format, and form a blockchain consensus;

[0066] In this embodiment, the nearby vehicle is identified by using the smart connected vehicle technology, and only the nearby vehicle can perform transaction between each other, and the transaction information uploaded to the blockchain includes the information of the two vehicles, the position information of the two vehicles and the transaction time.

[0067] In this embodiment, when the toll collection method of this embodiment is applied to the roadside equipment in the toll collection system, the roadside equipment and the nearby vehicles conduct blockchain transactions between each other, and in this step, the roadside equipment and the vehicle have the same role, and the difference lies in that the roadside equipment is fixed in the toll collection area.

[0068] In this embodiment, one way of blockchain transaction between vehicles is that vehicles automatically generate virtual assets at certain intervals. Such virtual assets have different specifications and characteristics, are associated with the characteristics of the vehicles themselves, and have uniqueness. This virtual asset can only be transferred between nearby vehicles, and the asset transfer operation is a transaction.

[0069] The blockchain records the transaction conditions, such as A vehicle actively initiating a transaction to B vehicle, and the transaction information uploaded to the blockchain is shown in the following table:

[0070]

[0071] The transaction information described in the above table is provided by A vehicle and B vehicle respectively. If the data provided by both parties is true and accurate, items 4 and 5 in the above table should be consistent with items 6 and 7, otherwise it is considered that there is a contradiction in the above transaction information.

[0072] In this embodiment, after all transactions are sent to the blockchain system, they are subjected to consensus service to reach a consensus on the transaction, that is, they are evaluated by the blockchain consensus mechanism. The selected blockchain framework should support the pluggable consensus algorithm to facilitate the selection and design of the consensus algorithm.

[0073] The consensus algorithm implementation in this embodiment: vehicle A initiates a transaction to vehicle B, that is, A transfers virtual assets to B, and the vehicle submits the above transaction information to the blockchain system; if the data of the above transaction information does not exist contradiction, and is endorsed by the transaction of nearby vehicles, it will be recorded in the blockchain; if one of A and B is a dishonest node, there will be a contradiction between the above transaction information, and a contradiction will also be formed with the transaction information uploaded by other nodes; in the case of contradiction between A and B transaction information, if relative to B, such as A gets more endorsement of nodes in the blockchain, that is, more successful transactions, it is considered that the information submitted by A is credible, otherwise it is considered that the information submitted by B is credible. The consensus algorithm in this embodiment can select and adjust the trust weight of a specific node in the consensus algorithm. The specific node can be a specific vehicle or a roadside equipment.

[0074] The embodiment also classifies the transaction type into two types, i.e., a charging transaction and a credit evaluation transaction. Only when the data of the above transaction information is consistent, the transaction is defined as the charging transaction, and the system performs real-time charging according to the information of the charging transaction. When the data of the above transaction is inconsistent, the system does not perform real-time charging, but performs credit evaluation on the two parties according to whether the blockchain consensus is obtained. The charging system can further design the charging system according to the credit formed by the on-chain data.

[0075] In summary, the key of the present step is to cross-verify the transaction information uploaded by the vehicles by using the consensus algorithm, so as to serve as the basis for charging. The consensus algorithm is based on the principle that most nodes on the blockchain are honest nodes, cross-verification is performed, transactions provided by non-honest nodes are excluded, consensus is formed, and the transaction information based on the consensus is recorded in the blockchain. Each node in the blockchain system maintains consistency and uniqueness. The consensus algorithm is the core technology of the blockchain. In actual application, there are different situations, and the consensus algorithm needs to be flexibly designed and adjusted according to the actual situation to realize cross-verification.

[0076] S300, when any vehicle in the charging area stays or travels in the charging area for a preset time or drives away from the charging area, triggering the smart contract, and the operation and management party of the charging area charges the vehicle.

[0077] In the present embodiment, when the vehicle drives away from the charging area, the smart contract is triggered, the position and corresponding time information of the vehicle are obtained according to the car-car transaction information contained in the blockchain, and the vehicle is exempted from the fee according to the execution of the car-car transaction. The operation and management party performs the charging transaction of the vehicle.

[0078] The smart contract is a set of digitally defined commitments, including the agreement that the contract participants can execute the commitments thereon, and the blockchain is a good platform for executing the smart contract. The operation logic of the smart contract is as shown in Figure 2 The implementation of the charging mode by using the smart contract includes that the code of the smart contract is part of the blockchain in the charging system. Once the vehicle stays in the charging area for a preset time or drives away from the charging area, the smart contract is triggered. The smart contract reads the car-car transaction information contained in the blockchain to obtain the charging information of the corresponding vehicle. The charging information includes the information of the vehicle, the position information of the vehicle, and the time information of the vehicle in the charging area. The rate and other charging rules contained in the smart contract are decentralized and tamper-proof. At the same time, in order to encourage the vehicle to generate car-car transaction information, the smart contract can also contain the fee exemption rule, and the fee can be exempted according to the number and frequency of the execution of the car-car valid transaction. After the execution of the smart contract, the execution result is verified and permanently recorded on the blockchain.

[0079] As described above, the toll area to which the present application is applied can be any one of a highway, an urban road, a closed parking lot or a roadside parking lot, and there are different scenarios as the toll area is different, and the specific embodiments of the toll method of the present application also have different characteristics:

[0080] When the toll area is a parking lot, the vehicle is in a stationary state, and in a fixed time, the nearby vehicles are basically the same vehicles, while when the toll area is a road, the vehicle is in a driving state, and the nearby vehicles are always different vehicles that join and exit, so in the specific embodiments, the transaction frequency between the vehicles in the parking lot can be slower, and the transaction frequency of the vehicles on the road can be faster.

[0081] When the toll area is a roadside parking lot, after corresponding system and rule design, the passing vehicles do not belong to the toll object, but the passing vehicles can conduct transactions between each other and the charged vehicles in the roadside parking lot, and the transaction information can also be used as the basis for toll collection;

[0082] When the toll area is an underground closed parking lot, in the case of no GNSS signal, the position information in the above transaction information uses inertial navigation technology and indoor positioning technology as the position information.

[0083] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application belong to the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A toll collection system based on blockchain and intelligent connected vehicles, characterized in that, The toll collection system includes: intelligent connected vehicles and operation management parties, and the toll collection area managed by the toll collection system is any one of the following areas: highways, urban roads, enclosed parking lots, or roadside parking lots; Once a vehicle enters the toll area, it is added to the blockchain of the toll system. Through intelligent connected vehicle technology, the system finds vehicles near the vehicle in the toll area, and the vehicles near the vehicle also find the vehicle. The vehicles that find each other conduct blockchain transactions. The vehicle and the vehicles near the vehicle are all intelligent connected vehicles. The operator charges vehicles within the toll area based on blockchain transactions between vehicles within the toll area, wherein both the intelligent connected vehicles within the toll area and the operator have joined the blockchain of the toll system. The toll collection system evaluates the blockchain transactions between vehicles and between vehicles and roadside equipment within the toll collection area using the consensus algorithm of the blockchain. It cross-verifies the transaction information uploaded by vehicles and roadside equipment within the toll collection area to form a blockchain consensus. This blockchain consensus serves as the basis for the operator to collect tolls from vehicles within the toll collection area.

2. The toll collection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The toll collection system may also include: roadside equipment, which includes a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) roadside communication module, and further includes image and video sensors and lidar, thereby possessing corresponding environmental perception capabilities; The roadside equipment is located within the toll area, detects vehicles near the roadside equipment within the toll area, and simultaneously, vehicles near the roadside equipment also locate the roadside equipment; The roadside equipment has been added to the blockchain of the toll collection system, and tolls are collected on vehicles near the roadside equipment based on blockchain transactions between the roadside equipment and vehicles near the roadside equipment within the toll collection area.

3. The toll collection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Within the toll area, any vehicle can use the intelligent connected vehicle technology to locate nearby vehicles, and a blockchain transaction can be conducted between each of the vehicles.

4. The toll collection system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Within the toll area, any vehicle uses the intelligent connected vehicle technology to locate nearby vehicles, and blockchain transactions are conducted between each vehicle and its nearby vehicles. Simultaneously, any vehicle uses the intelligent connected vehicle technology to locate nearby roadside equipment, and the roadside equipment uses vehicle-to-intelligence (V2I) communication technology and environmental perception technology to locate nearby vehicles, and blockchain transactions are conducted between each roadside equipment and its nearby vehicles.

5. The toll collection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The toll collection system evaluates the blockchain transactions between vehicles within the toll collection area using the consensus algorithm of the blockchain, cross-validates the transaction information uploaded by vehicles within the toll collection area, and forms a blockchain consensus. This blockchain consensus serves as the basis for the operator to charge vehicles within the toll collection area.

6. The toll collection system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The charging system uses smart contracts as the basis for charging. The smart contracts are part of the blockchain on which the charging system is located. If any vehicle in the charging area meets the triggering conditions of the smart contract, the operator will charge the vehicle in the charging area according to the smart contract.

7. A toll collection method based on blockchain and intelligent connected vehicles, applied to the toll collection system described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The charging methods include: S100. When a vehicle enters the toll area, it is added to the blockchain of the toll system. The intelligent connected vehicle technology is used to find vehicles near the vehicle in the toll area. At the same time, vehicles near the vehicle also find the vehicle. The vehicle and vehicles near the vehicle are all intelligent connected vehicles. S200: Any vehicle within the toll area and any vehicle near the vehicle conduct blockchain transactions in pairs at preset time intervals, generating corresponding transaction information. The transaction information is then uploaded to the blockchain in a preset format to form a blockchain consensus. S300: When any vehicle stays or travels within the toll area for a preset time or leaves the toll area, the smart contract is triggered, and the operator of the toll area charges the vehicle.

8. The charging method according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the toll collection method is applied to roadside equipment in the toll collection system: In S100, the roadside equipment uses vehicle-to-everything (V2I) communication technology and environmental perception technology to locate vehicles near the roadside equipment, and is also perceived by vehicles near the roadside equipment. In S200, blockchain transactions are conducted between the roadside equipment and the vehicles near the roadside equipment in pairs; In S100 and S200, the roadside equipment and the vehicle have the same role, but the location of the roadside equipment is fixed within the toll area; In S300, the roadside equipment is distinct from the vehicle. The roadside equipment is not the object of toll collection. The blockchain transactions executed by the roadside equipment are used to collect tolls from vehicles near the roadside equipment.

9. The charging method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S100, the vehicle locates vehicles near the vehicle in the toll area using intelligent connected vehicle technology, achieved through any of the following methods: The first method: The vehicle finds nearby vehicles through V2V communication in the vehicle network and obtains the vehicle perception information and relative position information of the nearby vehicles. The second method: The vehicle uses an onboard environmental perception device to locate vehicles near it within the toll area, and obtains vehicle perception information and relative position information of the vehicles near it. The onboard environmental perception device includes a visual sensor and a lidar.

10. The charging method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S200, any vehicle within the toll area and any vehicle near that vehicle conduct blockchain transactions in pairs at preset time intervals, including: Each vehicle automatically generates a virtual asset with unique characteristics at the preset time interval, which can only be transferred between nearby vehicles. Each vehicle transfers the virtual asset by conducting blockchain transactions with vehicles near it.

11. The charging method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S200, when any vehicle initiates a blockchain transaction with a vehicle near the vehicle, corresponding transaction information is generated. The transaction information includes: vehicle information and absolute location information uploaded by the vehicle itself; vehicle perception information and relative location information of the vehicles near the vehicle; and vehicle information and absolute location information uploaded by the vehicles near the vehicle itself. Based on the transaction information, the vehicle information and location information of vehicles near the vehicle perceived by any vehicle are compared with the vehicle information and location information uploaded by the vehicles near the vehicle, and cross-validation is performed.

12. The charging method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S200, after the transaction information is uploaded to the blockchain where the charging system is located in a preset format, a blockchain consensus is formed, including: Based on the transaction information, the transactions between any vehicle and vehicles near that vehicle are evaluated using the consensus algorithm of the blockchain. The consensus algorithm includes: If there is no contradiction between the information uploaded by any vehicle in the transaction information and the information uploaded by vehicles near the vehicle, and the transaction is endorsed by the transactions of other vehicles near the vehicle, then the transaction is confirmed to be established, and the transaction information is reliable information. If there is a contradiction between the information uploaded by any vehicle and the information uploaded by a vehicle near the vehicle in the transaction information, then one of the vehicles is a dishonest node and the transaction is not established. Among the vehicles and the vehicles near the vehicle, the vehicle that has the transaction endorsement of more nodes in the blockchain is an honest node, and the vehicle information and location information uploaded by the honest node are reliable information. When evaluating a transaction through the consensus algorithm, the trust weight of a specific node in the consensus algorithm is adjusted, whereby the specific node is a specific vehicle or the roadside equipment.

13. The charging method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The S200 also includes: The transaction type between any vehicle and any vehicle near the vehicle is distinguished by the following methods, wherein the transaction type includes fee transactions and credit rating transactions; If there are no contradictions in the transaction information uploaded in the transaction, then the transaction is a paid transaction, and the transaction information contained in the paid transaction is directly used for real-time deduction; If there are contradictions in the transaction information uploaded, the transaction is a credit rating transaction. The consensus algorithm is used to evaluate whether any vehicle is an honest node, and the credit rating of both parties in the transaction is evaluated.

14. The charging method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The S300 includes: When any vehicle stays in the toll area for a preset time or leaves the toll area, the smart contract in the toll system is triggered. Based on the blockchain consensus formed by the blockchain where the toll system is located, the toll information of any vehicle is obtained. At the same time, the fee reduction item is determined according to the fee reduction conditions preset by the smart contract. The operator charges any vehicle according to the fee reduction item.

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