Cold-formed bent glass products and method for manufacturing the same

Abstract

Embodiments of an interior vehicle component and a method of forming the same are disclosed. The interior vehicle component includes a frame having a support surface and an opening formed in the support surface. A glass substrate is provided, the glass substrate including a first major surface, a second major surface facing the support surface, and a minor surface between the first major surface and the second major surface and defining the thickness of the glass substrate. An adhesive at least partially fills the opening and adheres the glass substrate to the frame. The adhesive in the opening serves to fix the glass substrate and the adhesive to the frame.

Description

[0001] Cross - reference to related applications

[0002] This patent claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 703,520, filed Jul. 26, 2018, the content of which is the basis of this application and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Technical field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to vehicle interior components including glass substrates and methods of forming the same, and more particularly to cold - formed or cold - bent glass substrates and methods of forming the same. Background art

[0004] The vehicle interior includes curved surfaces and may include integrated displays, touch panels, and / or other cover glass components within such curved surfaces. Materials used to form such curved surfaces are typically limited to polymers, which do not have the durability and optical properties of glass. Accordingly, the applicant has determined a need for curved glass substrates, especially when used as covers for displays and / or touch panels. Existing methods of forming such curved glass substrates (such as thermoforming) have disadvantages including high cost, optical distortion, and surface marking. Vehicle designs are evolving to include more displays and touch interfaces, which may have flat or curved cover glass. Due to the smooth and versatile appearance of glass, decorative glass surfaces may also be used for non - display or non - touch - panel surfaces. The applicant has determined a need for vehicle interior systems that can incorporate curved glass substrates in a cost - effective manner without the problems typically associated with glass thermoforming processes and that simultaneously have mechanical properties that pass industry - standard safety tests and regulations. Summary of the invention

[0005] One embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a vehicle interior component including a frame having a support surface and an opening formed in the support surface, a glass substrate, and a first adhesive at least partially disposed in the opening and attaching the glass substrate to the frame. The glass substrate includes a first major surface, a second major surface facing the support surface, and a minor surface between the first major surface and the second major surface that defines the thickness of the glass substrate. The first adhesive and the opening cooperate to prevent delamination of the vehicle interior component. One aspect of some embodiments of the present disclosure provides a vehicle interior system including the vehicle interior component and at least one of: a decorative layer on one of the first major surface and the second major surface of the glass substrate, a display module, or a touch panel.

[0006] Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a method of cold bending a glass substrate. The method includes providing a frame having a support surface with one or more openings formed in the support surface. The method further includes positioning the glass substrate on the support surface, wherein the glass substrate has a first major surface, a second major surface facing the support surface, and a minor surface between the first major surface and the second major surface and defining the thickness of the glass substrate. The method includes applying a force to the glass substrate while the temperature of the glass substrate is below the glass transition temperature of the glass substrate to cause the second major surface to conform to the support surface, and providing a first adhesive that contacts the second major surface and is at least partially within one or more of the openings, wherein the first adhesive maintains the conformity of the second major surface to the support surface, and the first adhesive and the openings cooperate to prevent delamination of the glass substrate from the frame. One aspect of the embodiment includes an interior vehicle system manufactured according to the method.

[0007] Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a method of forming an interior vehicle component. The method includes providing a frame having a support surface with a curved surface and one or more openings formed in the support surface, and further providing a glass substrate having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a minor surface between the first major surface and the second major surface and defining the thickness of the glass substrate. The method further includes causing the second major surface to conform to the support surface by applying a force to the glass substrate, and providing a first adhesive that contacts the second major surface and is within one or more of the openings. The first adhesive engages retention features within the one or more openings. The retention features are capable of applying a force to the first adhesive to prevent delamination of the glass substrate from the support surface.

[0008] Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a method of cold bending a cover glass to a curved frame. The method includes providing a polydimethylsiloxane structure having a base with a major surface and one or more raised portions, and providing a structural frame having a front surface, a rear surface opposite the front surface, and one or more through-holes extending from the front surface to the rear surface. The through-holes are sized to permit insertion of the raised portions into the through-holes. The method includes attaching the polydimethylsiloxane structure to the structural frame by inserting one or more of the raised portions into one or more of the through-holes, wherein the major surface substantially conforms to the shape of the front surface. The method further includes providing a glass substrate having a first major surface, a second major surface facing the support surface, and a minor surface between the first major surface and the second major surface and defining the thickness of the glass substrate. The method further includes exposing the first surface of the polydimethylsiloxane structure and the second major surface of the glass substrate to a plasma environment. A first adhesive is disposed in a first portion and a second portion of the opening, and the combination of the first adhesive in the opening serves as a retention feature for the conforming glass substrate.

[0009] Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a method of cold bending a cover glass onto a curved frame. The method includes providing a polydimethylsiloxane structure having a base with a main surface and one or more raised portions, and providing a structural frame having a front surface, a rear surface opposite the front surface, and one or more through-holes extending from the front surface to the rear surface. The through-holes are sized to allow the raised portions to be inserted therein. The method includes attaching the polydimethylsiloxane structure to the structural frame by inserting one or more of the raised portions into one or more of the through-holes, with the main surface substantially conforming to the shape of the front surface. The method further includes providing a glass substrate having a first main surface, a second main surface facing a support surface, and a secondary surface located between the first main surface and the second main surface and defining the thickness of the glass substrate, and exposing the main surface of the polydimethylsiloxane structure and the second main surface of the glass substrate to a plasma environment, and then plasma bonding the second main surface to the main surface of the polydimethylsiloxane structure.

[0010] Additional embodiments of the present disclosure relate to vehicle interior components. The vehicle interior components include a frame having a support surface, a rear surface opposite the front surface, and one or more openings formed in the support surface, and further include a glass substrate having a first main surface, a second main surface facing the support surface, and a secondary surface located between the first main surface and the second main surface and defining the thickness of the glass substrate. An adhesive layer is between the glass substrate and the frame and adheres the glass substrate to the frame. The adhesive layer is disposed on the support surface, in one or more of the openings, and on at least a portion of the rear surface.

[0011] Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to vehicle interior components. The vehicle interior components include a frame having a curved support surface, a rear surface opposite the front surface, and one or more openings formed in the curved support surface, and further include a glass substrate. The glass substrate has a first main surface, a second main surface facing the curved support surface, and a secondary surface located between the first main surface and the second main surface and defining the thickness of the glass substrate. An adhesive layer is between the glass substrate and the frame and adheres the glass substrate to the frame. A plurality of bolts having a first portion with a first width and a second portion with a second width are provided. The first width is greater than the width of one or more of the openings, and the second width is less than the first width and equal to or less than the width of one or more of the openings. At least the first portion of the plurality of bolts is encapsulated in the adhesive layer, and the second portion of the plurality of bolts extends through one or more of the openings to the rear surface. The end of the second portion is fixed behind the rear surface with one or more fasteners or nuts, and the glass substrate is plasma bonded to the adhesive layer.

[0012] Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the following detailed description and, in part, will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the embodiments as described herein, including the following detailed description, claims, and accompanying drawings.

[0013] It should be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the claims. The accompanying drawings are intended to provide a further understanding and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or more embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles and operation of the various embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a vehicle interior having a vehicle interior system according to one or more embodiments.

[0015] Figure 2 is an exploded isometric view of a glass substrate and frame of a vehicle interior component, according to some embodiments.

[0016] Figure 3 According to one embodiment, a glass substrate is attached to Figure 2 After the framework Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of vehicle interior components.

[0017] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle interior component after attaching a glass substrate to a frame according to one or more embodiments.

[0018] Figures 5A to 5D is a schematic cross-sectional view of a glass substrate and a frame having one or more openings according to some embodiments.

[0019] Figures 6A to 6F is an exploded cross-sectional view of a vehicle interior component having a frame with different types of openings, according to some embodiments.

[0020] Figures 7A to 7F After the glass substrate is attached to the frame using adhesive material Figures 6A to 6E Cross-sectional view of vehicle interior components.

[0021] Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle interior system having a display or a touch panel according to one or more embodiments.

[0022] Figure 9A and 9B According to some embodiments Figure 8 A plan view of alternative aspects of the vehicle's interior systems.

[0023] Figures 10A to 10C Is an isometric decomposition diagram of a glass substrate and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer during the entire plasma bonding process, including (A) before exposure to plasma, (B) after exposure to plasma, and (C) after plasma bonding, according to some embodiments.

[0024] Figures 11A to 11F Is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle interior component at different assembly stages according to some embodiments.

[0025] Figure 12 Is an isometric view of a frame and a PDMS encapsulation layer according to some embodiments.

[0026] Figures 13A to 13D Is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle interior component at different assembly stages according to some embodiments.

[0027] Figures 14A to 14D Is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle interior component at an assembly stage according to one or more embodiments.

[0028] Figures 15A to 15F Is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle interior component at different assembly stages according to one or more embodiments. Detailed Description

[0029] Now, various embodiments will be described in detail, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. Generally, a vehicle interior system can include various different curved surfaces designed to be transparent, such as curved display surfaces and non-display glass covers for curved surfaces, and the present disclosure provides articles having such curved surfaces and methods of forming such curved surfaces from glass materials. Forming a curved vehicle surface from a glass material has many advantages compared to typical curved plastic panels commonly found in vehicle interiors. For example, glass is generally considered to provide enhanced functionality and user experience in many curved cover material applications, such as display applications and touch panel applications, compared to plastic cover materials. The glass surface can also extend beyond the boundaries of the display and touch panel, providing a flawless glass surface over a large surface area. The areas of the glass can also be decorated with various colors, patterns, textures, including mimicking the appearance of other materials, such as metal, wood, leather, carbon fiber, or other surfaces.

[0030] Despite these benefits of glass, the glass surfaces within a vehicle interior should also meet performance criteria for both passenger safety and ease of use. For example, certain regulations (such as ECE R 21 and FMVSS201) require that the vehicle interior pass a Head Impact Test (HIT). HIT involves subjecting vehicle interior components (such as a display) to an impact from a certain mass under specific conditions. The mass used is a headform. HIT is intended to simulate the impact of a driver's or passenger's head against a vehicle interior component. The criteria for passing the test include that the deceleration force of the headform does not exceed 80 g (g-force) over a time period exceeding 3 ms and that the peak deceleration of the headform is less than 120 g. The "deceleration" used in the context of HIT refers to the deceleration when the headform is stopped by a vehicle interior component. In addition to these regulations, there are some additional issues when using glass under these conditions. For example, when subjected to an impact from HIT, the glass may need to remain intact rather than break. In some cases, the glass may break, but the broken glass should behave in a way that reduces the likelihood of lacerations to a real person's head. In HIT, the likelihood of lacerations can be simulated by wrapping the headform in a surrogate material (such as fabric, leather, or other materials) that represents human skin. In this way, the likelihood of lacerations can be estimated based on the lacerations or holes formed in the surrogate material. Therefore, in the case of glass breakage, it may be necessary to control the way the glass breaks to reduce the chance of lacerations.

[0031] Cover glass is typically adhered to certain underlying structures or frames using adhesives and / or mechanical constraints. During the service life of the product, it is important that the cover glass must remain adhered to such underlying structures and not delaminate. This is an issue in a vehicle interior - if delamination occurs on the glass surface, the safety of drivers and passengers may be affected. In addition, the service life of an automobile is long (longer than that of consumer electronics products such as mobile phones) and it faces harsh environmental conditions. Therefore, it is desirable for vehicle interior components to have sufficient mechanical integrity to withstand these harsh conditions throughout the service life of the vehicle.

[0032] Accordingly, as will be discussed in detail below, the applicant has developed a glass article and related manufacturing process that provides an efficient and cost-effective way to form an article, such as a display for a vehicle interior system, using cold-bent parts of a glass substrate. Generally speaking, the manufacturing process discussed herein provides for cold-bending a glass article to a frame using an adhesive material. In this process, the frame has one or more openings to allow the adhesive material to flow into the openings, which can provide additional strength to hold the cold-bent glass article in the cold-bent state and prevent unnecessary deformation or delamination of the glass article from the frame. In addition to providing increased lamination strength between the cover glass and the frame, the embodiments discussed herein also provide a simple and scalable manufacturing process for forming these articles.

[0033] As used herein, the terms "cold-bent", "cold-beding", "cold-formed", or "cold forming" refer to bending a glass substrate at a cold-forming temperature that is less than the glass transition temperature of the glass material of the glass substrate.

[0034] In some embodiments, the glass substrate is bent to a bent shape on a bent die surface by applying a force (e.g., by a vacuum chuck, an electrostatic chuck, a press, etc.). For example, the bent die surface can be a vacuum chuck or an electrostatic chuck, or a part of a press, where the force for bending the glass substrate can be a differential pressure, an electrostatic force, or a force contacting the pressure surface. When in the bent shape, in some embodiments, an adhesive material can be provided on the exposed surface of the glass substrate. Then, when in the bent shape, a frame having a bent support surface (e.g., corresponding to the bent shape of the bent die surface) is brought into contact with the glass substrate, such that the adhesive material is placed between the support surface and the glass substrate. The amount of the adhesive material previously applied to the glass substrate can be sufficient to fill one or more openings or through-holes in the bent support surface of the frame when the frame is pressed against the combined glass substrate and adhesive material. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the adhesive material can be provided through the through-holes from the rear side of the frame during or after applying the frame to the glass substrate. Thus, substantially all or only a supplementary amount of the adhesive material can be used to fill the openings in the frame.

[0035] In some embodiments, the adhesive material bonds to the glass substrate only at the positions of the openings and is not present in other regions of the space between the glass substrate and the support surface. Due to the effectiveness of the embodiments herein, this local use of the adhesive material is sufficient to maintain the cold-bent state of the glass substrate.

[0036] By filling the openings or through-holes, the adhesive material can enhance the attachment to the frame, thereby enhancing the structural integrity and / or stiffness of the finished product. For example, the through-holes can be formed to resist forces on the adhesive material and / or the glass substrate that might otherwise cause the glass substrate to delaminate from the frame or the adhesive material. In some embodiments, the through-holes have two or more portions with different widths through the thickness of the support surface, where if a force attempts to pull the adhesive material out of the through-hole in the direction of the glass substrate, the narrower portion of the through-hole near the support surface can apply a force on the adhesive material in the deeper, wider portion of the through-hole. Thus, the narrower portion acts as a retention feature to prevent the adhesive material from separating from the frame.

[0037] After applying a frame and an adhesive material to a cold-bent glass substrate, the adhesive material solidifies (e.g., by cooling, curing, or the like) to form a direct bond (e.g., by bonding or adhering) between the adhesive material and the surface of the glass substrate, resulting in a bent article. The direct bond and stiffness of the combined frame and adhesive material hold the glass substrate in the bent shape in the finished article. In this process, the use of a separate adhesive material or physical restraint mechanism can be avoided. Additionally, the applicant believes that utilizing the forming techniques and equipment discussed herein provides for the high-volume and efficient manufacture of articles, including cold-bent cover glass structures, that cannot be achieved with traditional hot glass bending processes.

[0038] Furthermore, in a typical process, a thermoforming process is used to form bent glass articles. As discussed herein, various bent glass articles and their manufacturing processes are provided to avoid the deficiencies of typical glass thermoforming processes. For example, relative to the cold-bending processes discussed herein, thermoforming processes are energy-intensive and increase the cost of forming bent glass components. Additionally, thermoforming processes generally make the application of glass surface treatments (e.g., anti-reflective coatings) more difficult. For example, many coating materials cannot be applied to a flat glass material workpiece prior to the thermoforming process because the coating materials typically will not withstand the high temperatures of the thermoforming process. Moreover, applying a coating material to the surface of a bent glass substrate after thermoforming is much more difficult than applying it to a flat glass substrate. Additionally, the applicant believes that by avoiding the additional high-temperature heating steps required for thermoforming, glass articles produced by the cold-forming processes and systems discussed herein have better optical properties and / or improved surface properties than similar-shaped glass articles produced by thermoforming processes.

[0039] Thus, at least for these reasons, the applicant believes that the glass articles and processes for manufacturing glass articles discussed herein provide a combination of various benefits and properties that previously could not be achieved with non-glass articles for vehicle systems or previously developed glass articles.

[0040] Reference Figure 1, the vehicle interior 10 may include various components and systems having glass surfaces, such as vehicle interior systems 100, 110, 120. The vehicle interior system 100 includes a frame, as shown by the center console base 102, wherein the curved surface 104 includes a curved display 106. The vehicle interior system 110 includes a frame, as shown by the instrument panel base 112, wherein the curved surface 114 includes a curved display 116. The instrument panel base 112 typically includes an instrument panel 118, which may also include a curved display. The vehicle interior system 120 includes a frame, as shown by the steering wheel base 122, with a curved surface 124 and a curved display 126. In one or more embodiments, the vehicle interior system includes a frame that is an armrest, a structural column, a seatback, a floor, a headrest, a door panel, or any part of the vehicle interior that includes a curved surface. In other embodiments, the frame is part of the housing for a stand-alone display (e.g., a display not permanently attached to a part of the vehicle, or a display mounted outside of one of the above surfaces or frames). Although the embodiments discussed herein may be discussed with reference to curved glass substrates, frames, surfaces, displays, etc., it should be contemplated that the embodiments include articles and vehicle interior systems having flat glass substrates, frames, surfaces, displays, etc.

[0041] Embodiments of the curved glass articles described herein may be used in each of the vehicle interior systems 100, 110, and 120. Additionally, the curved glass articles discussed herein may be used as the curved cover glass for any of the curved surface display embodiments discussed herein, including for vehicle interior systems 100, 110, and / or 120. Further, in various embodiments, the various non-display components of the vehicle interior systems 100, 110, and 120 may be formed from the glass articles discussed herein. In some such embodiments, the glass articles discussed herein may be used as the non-display cover surface for instrument panels, center consoles, door panels, etc. In these embodiments, the glass material may be selected based on its weight, aesthetic appearance, etc., and may be provided with a coating (e.g., an ink or pigment coating) having a pattern (e.g., a brushed metal appearance, a wood grain appearance, a leather appearance, a colored appearance, etc.) to visually match the glass substrate with adjacent non-glass components, or for other design or aesthetic reasons. In a specific embodiment, the ink or pigment coating may have a transparency level that provides a deadfront function.

[0042] As Figure 2As shown, the vehicle interior component 200 includes a frame 202 having a support surface 204 and a glass substrate 206. The glass substrate 206 has a first major surface 208 and a second major surface 210, and the second major surface 210 is separated from the first major surface by a minor surface 209 that defines the thickness t of the glass substrate 206. In a particular embodiment, the minor surface 209 defines the outer perimeter of the glass substrate 206. In the finished state of the vehicle interior component 200, the first major surface 208 is the surface facing the vehicle interior (i.e., facing the user of the vehicle interior component or the driver / passenger of the vehicle). The frame 202 has a plurality of openings 212 formed in the support surface 204. The openings 212 extend from the support surface 204 to the rear surface 214 of the frame 202. In some embodiments, the openings do not extend to the rear surface 214 but only to a certain depth within the frame 202. The second major surface 210 of the glass substrate 206 is attached to the support surface 204 using an adhesive material or adhesive (see Figure 3 ).

[0043] In various embodiments, the first major surface 208 and / or the second major surface 210 of the glass substrate 206 may include one or more surface treatments or layers. The surface treatment may cover at least a portion of the first major surface 208 and / or the second major surface 210. Exemplary surface treatments include anti-glare surfaces / coatings, anti-reflection surfaces / coatings, and pigment designs. In one or more embodiments, at least a portion of the first major surface 208 and / or the second major surface 210 may include any one, any two, or all three of an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflection surface, and a pigment design. For example, the first major surface 208 may include an anti-glare surface and the second major surface 210 may include an anti-reflection surface. In another example, the first major surface 208 includes an anti-reflection surface and the second major surface 210 includes an anti-glare surface. In another example, the first major surface 208 includes one or both of an anti-glare surface and an anti-reflection surface, and the second major surface 210 includes a pigment design.

[0044] The pigment design may include any aesthetic design formed by pigments (such as inks, paints, etc.) and may include a wood grain design, a brushed metal design, a graphic design, a portrait, or a logo. The pigment design may be printed on the glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the anti-glare surface includes an etched surface. In one or more embodiments, the anti-reflection surface includes a multi-layer coating.

[0045] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 in. As Figure 3As shown, the width of the opening 212 is W1. In some embodiments where the frame has multiple openings, the openings may have the same width W1, or they may have two or more different widths. The bonding material 216 is disposed between the support surface 204 of the frame 202 and the second major surface 210 of the glass substrate 209. Additionally, the bonding material fills the opening 212 and covers the rear surface 214 of the frame 202. In some embodiments, the bonding material 216 covers all or most of the rear surface 214, as Figure 3 shown. In other embodiments, the bonding material 216 may only cover a portion of the rear surface 214, near the opening 212 on the rear surface 214. In other embodiments, the bonding material 216 may not cover any of the rear surface 214, but be restricted to the support surface 204 and the opening 212. An advantage of the bonding material 216 that covers all or part of the rear surface 214 is that if a force having a component in the direction D1 is applied to the glass substrate 209 or the bonding material 216, the rear surface 214 can apply a force to the bonding material 216 in the direction D2. However, according to some embodiments, even if the bonding material does not cover a portion of the rear surface, the opening 212 can apply such a force to the bonding material, as described below. In these configurations, the bond between the bonding material 216 and the frame 202 provides greater structural integrity to the vehicle interior component, can prevent component damage or delamination, and helps the glass substrate maintain the desired cold-bent shape.

[0046] According to one or more embodiments, the bonding material may include epoxy resin, silicone material, acrylic, cyanoacrylate, urethane, epoxy acrylate, or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). A fast-curing epoxy resin (e.g., EA 9017 Two Part Clear Fast Cure Epoxy) is a suitable example.

[0047] Figure 4 An example of an embodiment is shown where the bonding material 216 only covers a portion of the rear surface 214 near the opening 212. In particular, the bonding material 216 covers a certain region of the rear surface 214, and the width W2 of this region is greater than the width W1 of the opening 212. Although the rear surface 214 may be the rear surface of the frame, it may also be a surface within a void or space behind the support surface 208 and is not actually the last surface of the frame 202.

[0048] According to one or more embodiments, an opening is formed in a specific region of the frame, and the specific region corresponds to a region of the glass substrate having high stress. For example, when the glass substrate is applied to the frame by a cold bending method, stress may be generated in the glass due to bending, and the position and magnitude of the stress in the glass may vary according to the shape (e.g., curvature) of the cold bent glass substrate. The stress near the edge of the glass substrate may also be relatively high. These regions with high stress may be the locations of mechanical weaknesses and the starting points of mechanical failure or delamination of the glass substrate. Therefore, the position of the opening can be determined according to the final shape of the cold bent glass substrate so that the reinforcement provided by the interaction between the opening and the bonding material can offset or mitigate the weaknesses in these high stress regions. As used herein, "high stress" refers to a region of the glass substrate having a stress higher than the average stress (relative to other regions of the glass substrate). In some cases, the high stress is at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50% higher than the average stress. In some embodiments, the opening may be located in one or more regions corresponding to the regions of highest stress in the glass substrate.

[0049] Figures 5A to 5D Various examples of possible positions of the opening are shown. For example, in Figure 5A , an opening 304 is formed in a region of the frame 302 corresponding to the edge of the glass substrate 306. Similarly, in Figure 5B , an opening 314 is formed in a region of the frame 312 corresponding to the edge of the glass substrate 306. Figure 5B The frame 312 in is also curved so that the support surface has a convex shape. If the glass substrate 306 is cold bent to the convex surface support surface, elastic forces in the glass substrate 306 will generate stress in the glass substrate because the glass substrate desires to return to its flat or unbent state. Therefore, the opening 314 near the edge of the glass substrate 306 can strengthen against these elastic forces. In Figure 5B , an opening 324 is formed in a portion of the frame 322 having a relatively tight curvature (i.e., a small radius of curvature), which may result in relatively high stress in the glass substrate 306. In Figure 5D , openings 334 are formed at different positions of the frame 332, including regions corresponding to the edge of the glass substrate, regions of tight curvature, and positions corresponding to reverse curves (i.e., inflection points of curvature where the reverse curvature intersects). Of course, Figures 5A to 5D The configurations in are simplified diagrams shown for illustrative purposes, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to these examples. The glass substrate 306 is shown to indicate the orientation of the frames 302, 312, 322, 332 relative to the support surfaces 303, 313, 323, 333 to which the glass substrate 306 will be attached.

[0050] Figures 6A to 6FA cross-sectional view of an opening according to various embodiments is shown. The glass substrate 406 is shown to indicate the orientation of the frame 402a - 402f relative to the support surface 403 to which the glass substrate 406 will be applied. The opening can have various shapes or profiles for engaging with an adhesive material disposed therein. In Figure 6A , the opening 404a of the frame 402a has a constant diameter, while in Figure 6B and 6C , the openings 404b and 404c of the frames 402b and 402c have different diameters. In Figure 6B , the inner wall of the opening 404b is inclined, creating a continuously variable diameter throughout the depth of the opening 404b. Specifically, the region of the opening 404b closest to the support surface 403 has a smaller diameter than the region of the opening 404b near the rear surface of the frame 402b. On the other hand, in Figure 6C , the opening 404c includes two discrete regions with different diameters. Figures 6D to 6F Openings 404d - 404f with repeating cross-sections having narrower and wider diameters are respectively shown. When the adhesive material is disposed in the openings 404d - 404f and cured, the adhesive material can act within the frames 402d - 402f similar to a screw or a drywall anchor. Figures 7A to 7F Shows the components after filling the openings 404a - 404f with the adhesive material and applying the glass substrate 406 to the frames 402a - 402f Figures 6A to 6F .

[0051] Figures 6A to 6F The openings 404a - 404f in Figure 2 can be considered retention features for holding the adhesive material therein and thus for holding the cold-bent shape of the glass substrate on the frame by bonding the glass substrate to the adhesive material. However, according to one or more embodiments, the openings 404a - 404f are merely examples of certain retention features, and various opening or through-hole shapes or geometries can be used. Additionally, when viewed in a plan view of the substrate support surface, the opening or through-hole can have various geometries. For example, the opening can be circular, as shown by the opening 212 in Figure 2 , but can also have other shapes, including oval, square, rectangular, slot-shaped, or any other suitable geometric figure. For example, the length of a slot opening is greater than its width, such as at least twice, five times, ten times, twenty times, fifty times, or one hundred times the width of the opening. The slot shape can make it easier for the adhesive material to enter and fill the opening.

[0052] According to some embodiments, the vehicle interior component includes one or more electronic components. For example, the electronic component can be a display module, a touch panel, or a light source. Figure 8An embodiment of a vehicle interior component 500 is shown having a frame 502 with a support surface 504 and a glass substrate 506 attached to the frame 502 with an adhesive material or adhesive (not shown). The glass substrate 506 and the support surface 504 have one or more curved sections, for example, which can be achieved by cold forming the glass substrate 506 onto the curved support surface 504. Additionally, the component 500 includes an electronic component 520, which can be a display module. The frame 502 includes a space 522 for placing the electronic component 520. In some embodiments, the electronic component can be positioned under a flat or curved portion of the glass substrate 506 and can itself be curved or flexible.

[0053] The curvature of the glass substrate 506 can be the result of cold forming a flat glass substrate onto the curved support surface 504 of the frame 502, or cold bending a flat glass and frame laminate to a curved shape. Generally, the glass substrate 506 is cold formed or cold bent to the desired curved shape by applying a bending force. After cold bending, the glass substrate 506 will have a curved shape such that the first major surface 508 and the second major surface 510 each include at least one curved section having a radius of curvature. For example, the support surface 504 of the frame 502 can be a convex curved surface. In such an embodiment, the glass substrate 506 is curved such that the second major surface 510 defines a concave shape generally conforming to the convex curved shape of the curved support surface 504, and the first major surface 508 defines a convex shape generally matching or mirroring the convex curved shape of the curved support surface 504. In such embodiments, both surfaces 508 and 510 define a first radius of curvature R1, which generally matches the radius of curvature of the curved surface 504 of the base 502. In some embodiments, R1 is within about 10% of the radius of the curved support surface. In a particular embodiment, after removal of the bending force, the adhesive material (or adhesive) and the rigidity of the base 502 hold the glass substrate 506 in the curved shape.

[0054] During the application of the bending force, the maximum temperature of the glass substrate is below the glass transition temperature of the glass material of the glass substrate. In a particular embodiment, the glass substrate is not actively heated by a heating element, furnace, oven, etc. as in the case of thermoforming glass to a curved shape during the bending process. In various embodiments, during the application of the bending force, the temperature of the glass substrate is maintained below 400 degrees Celsius, 300 degrees Celsius, 200 degrees Celsius or even 100 degrees Celsius. This cold bending method allows for the formation of a curved glass substrate while maintaining various coatings located on the glass substrate that may be damaged or destroyed at the high temperatures typically associated with glass bending processes.

[0055] Generally, R1 is selected according to the shape of the relevant vehicle interior frame, and generally, R1 is between 30 mm and 5 m. In addition, the thickness t of the glass substrate 506 (e.g., the average thickness measured between the middle surfaces 208 and 210) is between 0.05 mm and 2 mm. In a specific embodiment, t is less than or equal to 1.5 mm, and in a more specific embodiment, t is 0.3 mm to 0.7 mm. The applicant has found that such thin glass substrates can be cold formed into various curved shapes (including relatively high curvature radii of the curvatures discussed herein) without breakage using cold forming, while providing a high-quality covering layer for various vehicle interior applications. In addition, such thin glass substrates may be more deformable, which can compensate for shape mismatches and gaps that may exist relative to the curved support surface. Figure 2 The average thickness measured between the middle surfaces 208 and 210) is between 0.05 mm and 2 mm. In a specific embodiment, t is less than or equal to 1.5 mm, and in a more specific embodiment, t is 0.3 mm to 0.7 mm. The applicant has found that such thin glass substrates can be cold formed into various curved shapes (including relatively high curvature radii of the curvatures discussed herein) without breakage using cold forming, while providing a high-quality covering layer for various vehicle interior applications. In addition, such thin glass substrates may be more deformable, which can compensate for shape mismatches and gaps that may exist relative to the curved support surface.

[0056] Figure 9A and 9B shows Figure 8 a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the vehicle interior component 500. In Figure 9A and 9B , the electronic component 520 can be seen through the glass substrate 506. In Figure 9A , the frame 502 has a plurality of openings 516a, and the icons of the series have points such as square or circular. In Figure 9B , the frame 502 has a plurality of openings 516b with a slot shape. As previously mentioned, in some embodiments, the slot shape 516b allows the bonding material to more easily fill the openings 516b.

[0057] Figure 9A and Figure 9B also shows a second adhesion material 517 disposed between the frame 502 and the glass substrate 506. The second adhesion material can be a pressure-sensitive adhesive, a tape, a film, or a foam. For example, the second adhesion material 517 may include at least one of an acrylic material, a urethane material, or an olefin rubber material. In some embodiments, when the bonding material (or the first adhesion material) is applied to the component or when the bonding material hardens or cures, the second adhesion material 517 can adhere the glass substrate 506 to the frame 502 in a cold-bent shape. As Figure 9A and 9BAs shown, a second adhesive material 517 is applied to regions where openings 516a and 516b are not formed. The second adhesive material 517 can define multiple regions that provide the bonding material, and the second adhesive material 517 can even act as a barrier to prevent the unwanted flow of the bonding material to other regions of the frame 502 or the glass substrate 506 before the bonding material hardens or cures. For example, different materials (such as optically clear adhesives or OCAs) can be used between the electronic component 520 and the glass substrate 506, and in some embodiments, it may be undesirable for the bonding material to enter this space. Thus, the second adhesive material 517 can prevent the bonding material from escaping from one of the regions defined by the second adhesive material 517.

[0058] In one or more embodiments, the bonding material is selected from materials capable of plasma bonding to the glass substrate. Plasma can be used to treat the surfaces of various materials before coating, printing, or adhesion, and thus, this plasma treatment process will be readily available in most manufacturing environments and can be easily implemented into the embodiments described herein.

[0059] In a specific embodiment, the bonding material can be polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Specifically, a PDMS layer or structure can be placed between the glass substrate and the frame, and can also fill one or more openings formed in the frame. In some embodiments, the support surface of the frame is coated with PDMS, or the frame is encapsulated in PDMS. Then, the second major surface of the PDMS and the glass substrate are subjected to surface plasma treatment, and thereafter, the glass substrate is bonded to the surface plasma-treated PDMS.

[0060] Regarding the surface plasma treatment, as Figures 10A to 10C shown, a glass substrate 606 and a PDMS layer 616 are provided in Figure 10A . The PDMS has the following molecular structure:

[0061]

[0062] During the surface plasma treatment, reactive silanol (Si - O - H) groups 620 are generated on the surfaces 606’ and 616’ of the glass substrate and the PDMS layer respectively, as Figure 10B shown. When the surface plasma-treated cover glass and the PDMS are brought together (i.e., the glass and the PDMS are in conformal contact), the reactive silanol groups undergo a condensation reaction to form strong covalent siloxane (Si - O - Si) bonds, as Figure 10CAs shown. This bonding can be achieved during the cold forming of the glass substrate into the desired shape (including one or more bending regions). Thus, the cover glass can be bonded to the PDMS layer or structure without using any bonding material. Therefore, the PDMS layer or structure can be incorporated into the vehicle interior component by coating the frame surface with PDMS or encapsulating the frame and then performing surface plasma treatment and bonding in the cold forming process. This can improve the existing cold forming process that relies only on adhesive materials for lamination and cold forming of the thin cover glass onto the curved structural frame.

[0063] In some embodiments, PDMS can also be bonded to other materials, including: PDMS bonded to SU-8, which uses oxygen plasma activation followed by an irreversible bonding method mediated by aminosilane; PDMS bonded to polyimide, which is based on a thiol-epoxy click reaction at room temperature after oxygen plasma treatment; and PDMS bonded to plastic materials or thermoplastics, which uses (1) oxygen plasma treatment followed by amine and epoxy functionalization at room temperature (polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyimide (PI), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)), (2) oxygen plasma activation followed by aminopropyltriethoxysilane modification (PC, cycloolefin copolymer (COC), PMMA, and polystyrene (PS)), (3) room temperature bonding mediated by aminosilane after plasma activation (PC, PMMA, COC, and PS), (4) silane reagent (tetraethyl orthosilicate or TEOS) after plasma oxidation surface modification (PMMA, PC, APET, PDMS, and glass).

[0064] Figures 11A to 11F A process for laminating a vehicle interior component using a PDMS layer according to some embodiments is shown. In Figure 11A , a curved frame 702 and a PDMS layer 716 are provided and bonded together, as Figure 11B shown. The flat glass substrate 706 and the PDMS layer 716 then undergo surface plasma treatment, and then the glass substrate 706 is cold formed onto the PDMS layer 716, which will undergo plasma bonding, as Figure 11C shown. Figures 11D to 11F An alternative step arrangement is shown, where Figure 11D the glass substrate 706 and the PDMS layer 716 are provided, and the PDMS layer 716 is plasma bonded to the flat glass substrate 706 as Figure 11E shown. Then, the bonded glass substrate 706 and PDMS layer 716 can be conformed to the curved frame 702, as Figure 11F shown.

[0065] As Figure 12As shown, the frame 802 may include a plurality of openings 812, and the PDMS layer 816 may encapsulate the frame 802 such that the PDMS layer 816 passes through the openings 812 and extends over the front and back sides of the frame 802. This is shown in a schematic cross-sectional view of the frame 802 according to one or more embodiments in Figure 12 of Figures 13A to 13C . As Figure 13C and 13D shown, the glass substrate 806 may be cold formed onto the concave surface ( Figure 13C ) or the convex surface ( Figure 13D ) of the PDMS layer 816.

[0066] Referring to Figures 14A to 14D , some embodiments include a PDMS structure 916 having a base 917 with a main surface 918 and one or more raised portions 919 extending outward from the main surface 918. The raised portions 919 are sized to fit into and / or pass through one or more openings 912 formed in the frame 902. The PDMS structure 916 is flexible and can conform to the curved shape of the frame 902, as Figure 14B shown, with the raised portions 919 inserted into the openings 912. After attaching the PDMS structure 917 to the frame 912, the PDMS structure 917 is fixed to the frame 912 by attaching a fixing mechanism to the raised portions 919 extending from the other side of the frame 902. The fixing mechanism can be a coating or an adhesive layer, or it can be a mechanical restraint mechanism such as a nut or a pin. In some embodiments, as Figure 14C shown, an additional layer of PDMS 917’ is added to the back of the frame 912. The additional layer of PDMS 917’ can be plasma bonded to the PDMS structure 917 to achieve a fixed attachment. Then, the glass substrate 906 can be added to an additional layer of PDMS 917’, or as Figure 14D shown, added to the plasma structure 917 by plasma bonding as discussed above.

[0067] In alternative embodiments, one or more attachment mechanisms are used to assist in attaching the PDMS layer to the frame. For example, the attachment mechanism can include a plurality of bolts 957 and a flexible washer 958 with a plurality of holes 959, as Figure 15A shown. The bolts 957 are designed to pass through the washer 958, as Figure 15B shown. Next, the head of the washer 958 and the bolts 957 can be encapsulated in PDMS 966, as Figure 15C shown. Since the washer sheet 958 and the PDMS 966 are flexible, they can together form the shape of the frame 956, allowing the bolts 957 to pass through the openings 962 in the frame 956, as Figure 15D and 15EAs shown. Finally, the bolt 957 can be fixed to the rear side of the frame 956 using a retaining mechanism 977 (such as a series of nuts, pins, etc.).

[0068] A method of forming the above-described vehicle interior component is also provided. In one or more embodiments, a method of forming a vehicle interior component having a cold-bent glass substrate applied to a curved frame includes providing a frame having a support surface in which one or more openings are formed. The method further includes providing a glass substrate having a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a secondary surface between the first major surface and the second major surface that defines the thickness of the glass substrate. The glass substrate is located on the support surface with the second major surface facing the support surface. A force is applied to at least one of the glass substrate and the frame to conform the second major surface and / or the support surface to a predetermined shape having one or more curved surface regions. The conforming of the glass substrate is performed at a temperature of the glass substrate below the glass transition temperature of the glass substrate, thereby transforming the glass substrate into a "cold-formed" or "cold-bent" state.

[0069] A bonding material or adhesive material (sometimes referred to as a "first adhesive") is provided between the second major surface and the support surface to adhere the glass substrate to the frame. Additionally, the bonding material is placed within one or more of the openings. As previously described, depending on the design of the finished product, one or more areas of the frame may be strategically opened or have through-holes. The openings can extend through the rear surface of the frame to the support surface such that the bonding material can be applied from the rear surface side through the openings. Alternatively, the bonding material can be applied to the second major surface of the glass substrate or the support surface of the frame before the glass substrate is formed onto the curved support surface. In any case, after the hardening or curing step, the bonding material helps to hold the glass substrate in the cold-bent state. To increase the strength of the lamination, as previously described, the openings provide a retention feature for the bonding material.

[0070] In some embodiments, the method includes temporarily holding the glass substrate in the cold-bent state using one or more clamps, presses, or molds until the bonding material is applied and cured, at which time the temporary holding mechanism can release the laminated component.

[0071] Example

[0072] Using the cold-forming process described herein, a glass plasma is bonded to PDMS to construct a vehicle interior component. PDMS prepolymer (10:1 w / w) ( 184, Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, MI, USA) was first used to encapsulate a 1 mm thick curved black anodized aluminum structural frame (112 mm × 76 mm) with through holes using a curved surface aluminum plate mold device. After curing the PDMS prepolymer at 70 °C for at least 3 hours, the curved PDMS-encapsulated component was removed from the mold device. By increasing the curing temperature, such as 150 °C for 10 minutes, the curing time of the PDMS prepolymer can be significantly shortened. Next, a 0.4 mm thick strengthened aluminosilicate glass substrate with dimensions of 155 mm × 94 mm and the curved PDMS-encapsulated component were placed in an RF plasma chamber (Model MPS-300; March Instruments, Inc., Concord, CA, USA) and exposed to 100 W of oxygen plasma for 30 seconds while oxygen was flowing into the chamber. After removing the glass substrate and the curved PDMS-encapsulated component from the chamber, the glass substrate and the curved PDMS-encapsulated component were quickly bonded together, and the glass substrate was cold-formed to the curved PDMS-encapsulated component using the mold device. Although covalent siloxane bonds can be formed at room temperature, to ensure the formation of strong covalent siloxane bonds between the surface plasma-treated glass substrate and the PDMS surface, the mold device with the cold-formed glass substrate-PDMS-encapsulated component was placed in an oven at 50 °C for at least one hour. After mild heat treatment, the glass substrate was successfully cold-formed onto the convex or concave side of the curved PDMS-encapsulated component.

[0073] According to one or more embodiments, the glass substrate is formed from a strengthened glass sheet (e.g., heat-strengthened glass material, chemically strengthened glass sheet, etc.). In these embodiments, when the glass substrate is formed from a strengthened glass material, the first major surface and the second major surface are subjected to compressive stress, so that during bending into a convex shape, the major surfaces may encounter greater tensile stress without the risk of rupture. This enables the strengthened glass substrate to conform to a tighter curved surface.

[0074] Once the glass substrate has been bent into a curved shape, the cold-formed glass substrate is characterized by asymmetric surface compression between the first major surface and the second major surface. In such an embodiment, before the cold-forming process or cold-forming, the compressive stress in each of the first major surface and the second major surface of the glass substrate is substantially equal. After cold-forming, the compressive stress on the concave major surface increases, such that the compressive stress on the major surface after cold-forming is greater than before cold-forming. In contrast, the convex major surface is subjected to tensile stress during bending, which results in a net decrease in the surface compressive stress, such that the compressive stress on the surface after bending is less than the compressive stress on the surface when the glass sheet is flat.

[0075] As noted above, in addition to providing processing advantages such as eliminating expensive and / or slow heating steps, the cold forming processes discussed herein are also believed to be capable of producing bent glass articles having various properties superior to those of heat formed glass articles, particularly for vehicle interiors or display cover glasses. For example, the applicant believes that, at least for certain glass materials, heating during the heat forming process degrades the optical properties of the bent glass sheet, and thus, the bent glass substrates formed using the cold bending processes / systems discussed herein provide both bent glass shapes and improved optical properties not achievable with heat bending processes.

[0076] In addition, many glass surface treatments (e.g., anti-glare coatings, anti-reflection coatings, etc.) are applied by deposition processes, such as sputtering processes which are generally not suitable for coating contoured glass articles. Further, many surface treatments (e.g., anti-glare coatings, anti-reflection coatings, decorative coatings, etc.) also cannot withstand the high temperatures associated with heat bending processes. Thus, in the specific embodiments discussed herein, one or more surface treatments are applied to one or both major surfaces of the glass substrate prior to cold bending, and the glass substrate including the surface treatment is bent into a bent shape. Accordingly, the applicant believes that, compared to typical heat forming processes, the processes and systems discussed herein allow the glass to be bent after one or more coating materials are applied to the glass.

[0077] The articles and methods disclosed herein allow the glass substrate to be bent into complex shapes having more than one radius of curvature. For example, the glass substrate can be bent into a shape such that when viewed in cross-section, one or both major surfaces have convex and concave bending segments forming an S-shaped glass substrate, as Figure 8 shown.

[0078] In various embodiments, the cold formed glass substrate can have a composite curve including a large radius and a cross curvature. The complexly bent cold formed glass substrate can have different radii of curvature in two independent directions. According to one or more embodiments, the complexly bent cold formed glass substrate is characterized by having a "cross curvature", wherein the cold formed glass substrate is bent along an axis parallel to a given dimension (i.e., the first axis) and also along an axis perpendicular to the same dimension (i.e., the second axis). When the effective minimum radius is combined with the effective cross curvature and / or the bending depth, the curvature of the cold formed glass substrate and the bent display can be more complex. In various embodiments, the glass substrate can have more than two bending regions having the same or different bent shapes. In certain embodiments, the glass substrate can have one or more regions having a bent shape with a variable radius of curvature.

[0079] As noted and with reference to Figure 2, the thickness t of the glass substrate 206 is substantially constant, which is defined as the distance between the first major surface 208 and the second major surface 210. In various embodiments, t may refer to the average thickness or the maximum thickness of the glass substrate 206. Additionally, the glass substrate 206 includes a width W, which is defined as the first maximum dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces orthogonal to the thickness t, and includes a length L1, which is defined as the second maximum dimension of one of the first or second surfaces orthogonal to the thickness t and the width W. In other embodiments, W and L1 may be the average width and the average length of the glass substrate 206, respectively.

[0080] In various embodiments, the thickness t is 2 mm or less, specifically 0.3 mm to 1.1 mm. For example, the thickness t may be in the range of about 0.1 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.15 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.2 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.25 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.3 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.35 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.4 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.45 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.55 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.6 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.65 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.7 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.4 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.3 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.2 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.05 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.95 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.9 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.85 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.8 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.75 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.7 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.65 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.6 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.55 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.55 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.4 mm, or about 0.3 mm to about 0.7 mm. In other embodiments, the thickness t falls within any of the exact numerical ranges provided in this paragraph.

[0081] In various embodiments, the width W is between 5 cm and 250 cm, about 10 cm to about 250 cm, about 15 cm to about 250 cm, about 20 cm to about 250 cm, about 25 cm to about 250 cm, about 30 cm to about 250 cm, about 35 cm to about 250 cm, about 40 cm to about 250 cm, about 45 cm to about 250 cm, about 50 cm to about 250 cm, about 55 cm to about 250 cm, about 60 cm to about 250 cm, about 65 cm to about 250 cm, about 70 cm to about 250 cm, about 75 cm to about 250 cm, about 80 cm to about 250 cm, about 85 cm to about 250 cm, about 90 cm to about 250 cm, about 95 cm to about 250 cm, about 100 cm to about 250 cm, about 110 cm to about 250 cm, about 120 cm to about 250 cm, about 130 cm to about 250 cm, about 140 cm to about 250 cm, about 150 cm to about 250 cm, about 5 cm to about 240 cm, about 5 cm to about 230 cm, about 5 cm to about 220 cm, about 5 cm to about 210 cm, about 5 cm to about 200 cm, about 5 cm to about 190 cm, about 5 cm to about 180 cm, about 5 cm to about 170 cm, about 5 cm to about 160 cm, about 5 cm to about 150 cm, about 5 cm to about 140 cm, about 5 cm to about 130 cm, about 5 cm to about 120 cm, about 5 cm to about 110 cm, about 5 cm to about 100 cm, about 5 cm to about 90 cm, about 5 cm to about 80 cm, or about 5 cm to about 75 cm. In other embodiments, W falls within any of the exact numerical ranges provided in this paragraph.

[0082] In various embodiments, the length L1 ranges from about 5 cm to about 250 cm, about 10 cm to about 250 cm, about 15 cm to about 250 cm, about 20 cm to about 250 cm, about 25 cm to about 250 cm, about 30 cm to about 250 cm, about 35 cm to about 250 cm, about 40 cm to about 250 cm, about 45 cm to about 250 cm, about 50 cm to about 250 cm, about 55 cm to about 250 cm, about 60 cm to about 250 cm, about 65 cm to about 250 cm, about 70 cm to about 250 cm, about 75 cm to about 250 cm, about 80 cm to about 250 cm, about 85 cm to about 250 cm, about 90 cm to about 250 cm, about 95 cm to about 250 cm, about 100 cm to about 250 cm, about 110 cm to about 250 cm, about 120 cm to about 250 cm, about 130 cm to about 250 cm, about 140 cm to about 250 cm, about 150 cm to about 250 cm, about 5 cm to about 240 cm, about 5 cm to about 230 cm, about 5 cm to about 220 cm, about 5 cm to about 210 cm, about 5 cm to about 200 cm, about 5 cm to about 190 cm, about 5 cm to about 180 cm, about 5 cm to about 170 cm, about 5 cm to about 160 cm, about 5 cm to about 150 cm, about 5 cm to about 140 cm, about 5 cm to about 130 cm, about 5 cm to about 120 cm, about 5 cm to about 110 cm, about 5 cm to about 100 cm, about 5 cm to about 90 cm, about 5 cm to about 80 cm, or about 5 cm to about 75 cm. In other embodiments, L1 falls within any of the exact numerical ranges provided in this paragraph.

[0083] In various embodiments, one or more radii of curvature of the glass substrate 502 (e.g., Figure 8R1) shown in [figure] is about 20 mm or greater, about 40 mm or greater, or about 60 mm or greater. For example, R1 can be in the range of about 20 mm to about 10000 mm, about 30 mm to about 10000 mm, about 40 mm to about 10000 mm, about 50 mm to about 10000 mm, about 60 mm to about 10000 mm, about 70 mm to about 10000 mm, about 80 mm to about 10000 mm, about 90 mm to about 10000 mm, about 100 mm to about 10000 mm, about 120 mm to about 10000 mm, about 140 mm to about 10000 mm, about 150 mm to about 10000 mm, about 160 mm to about 10000 mm, about 180 mm to about 10000 mm, about 200 mm to about 10000 mm, about 220 mm to about 10000 mm, about 240 mm to about 10000 mm, about 250 mm to about 10000 mm, about 260 mm to about 10000 mm, about 270 mm to about 10000 mm, about 280 mm to about 10000 mm, about 290 mm to about 10000 mm, about 300 mm to about 10000 mm, about 350 mm to about 10000 mm, about 400 mm to about 10000 mm, about 450 mm to about 10000 mm, about 500 mm to about 10000 mm, about 550 mm to 10000 mm, about 600 mm to 10000 mm, about 650 mm to 10000 mm, about 700 mm to 10000 mm, about 750 mm to 10000 mm, about 800 mm to 10000 mm, about 900 mm to 10000 mm, about 950 mm to 10000 mm, about 1000 mm to 10000 mm, about 1250 mm to about 10000 mm, about 1500 mm to about 10000 mm, about 2000 mm to about 10000 mm, about 3000 mm to about 10000 mm, about 4000 mm to about 10000 mm, about 5000 mm to about 10000 mm, about 7250 mm to about 10000 mm, about 20 mm to about 9000 mm, about 20 mm to about 8000 mm, about 20 mm to about 7000 mm, about 20 mm to about 6000 mm, about 20 mm to about 5000 mm, about 20 mm to about 4000 mm, about 20 mm to about 3000 mm, about 20 mm to about 2500 mm, about 20 mm to about 2250 mm, about 20 mm to about 2000 mm, about 20 mm to about 1750 mm, about 20 mm to about 1700 mm, about 20 mm to about 1600 mm, about 20 mm to about 1400 mm, about 20 mm to about 1300 mm, about 20 mm to about 1200 mm, about 20 mm to about 1100 mm, about 20 mm to about 1000 mm, about 20 mm to about 950 mm, about 20 mm to about 900 mma range from about 20 mm to about 850 mm, from about 20 mm to about 800 mm, from about 20 mm to about 750 mm, from about 20 mm to about 700 mm, from about 20 mm to about 650 mm, from about 20 mm to about 200 mm, from about 20 mm to about 550 mm, from about 20 mm to about 500 mm, from about 20 mm to about 450 mm, from about 20 mm to about 400 mm, from about 20 mm to about 350 mm, from about 20 mm to about 300 mm, or from about 20 mm to about 250 mm. In other embodiments, R1 falls within any of the exact numerical ranges provided in this paragraph.

[0084] According to the embodiments discussed herein, a glass substrate of a vehicle interior component may include one or more regions intended to display a display (e.g., an electronic display). Additionally, a glass substrate according to some embodiments may be bent in multiple regions and in multiple directions of the glass substrate (i.e., the glass substrate may be bent around different axes, which may or may not be parallel). Thus, the shapes and forms of possible embodiments are not limited to the examples shown herein. The glass substrate may be shaped to have a complex surface including multiple different shapes, including one or more flat portions, one or more conical portions, one or more cylindrical portions, one or more spherical portions, and the like.

[0085] Various embodiments of a vehicle interior system may be incorporated in a vehicle, such as a train, an automobile (e.g., a sedan, a truck, a bus, etc.), a marine vessel (e.g., a boat, a ship, a submarine, etc.), and an aircraft (e.g., a drone, an airplane, a jet, a helicopter, etc.).

[0086] Reinforced glass properties

[0087] As previously described, the glass substrate 206 in some embodiments may be strengthened. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate may be strengthened to include a compressive stress extending from the surface to a depth of compression (DOC). The compressive stress region is balanced by a central portion presenting a tensile stress. At the DOC, the stress transitions from a positive (compressive) stress to a negative (tensile) stress.

[0088] In various embodiments, the glass substrate 206 may be mechanically strengthened by taking advantage of the mismatch in the coefficients of thermal expansion between parts of the article to form a compressive stress region and a central region presenting a tensile stress. In some embodiments, the glass article may be thermally strengthened by heating the glass to a temperature above the glass transition point and then rapidly quenching it.

[0089] In various embodiments, the glass substrate 206 can be chemically strengthened by ion exchange. In the ion exchange process, ions at or near the surface of the glass article are replaced or exchanged with larger ions having the same valence or oxidation state. In those embodiments in which the glass article comprises an alkali aluminosilicate glass, the ions in the surface layer of the article and the larger ions are monovalent alkali metal cations such as Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , and Cs + . Alternatively, the monovalent cations in the surface layer can be replaced with monovalent cations other than alkali metal cations, such as Ag + or the like. In such embodiments, the monovalent ions (or cations) exchanged into the glass article produce stress.

[0090] The ion exchange process is typically carried out by immersing the glass article in a molten salt bath (or two or more molten salt baths) containing the larger ions, and the larger ions are exchanged with the smaller ions in the glass article. It should be noted that an aqueous salt bath can also be used. In addition, the composition of the bath can include more than one type of larger ion (e.g., Na + and K + ) or one larger ion. Those skilled in the art will understand that the parameters for the ion exchange process include but are not limited to: the composition and temperature of the bath, the immersion time, the number of immersions of the glass article in the salt bath (or baths), the use of multiple salt baths, additional steps such as annealing, washing, and the like, which are typically determined by the composition of the glass layer of the dead front structure (including the structure of the article and any crystalline phases present) and the desired DOC and CS of the glass layer of the dead front structure produced by strengthening. Exemplary molten bath compositions can include nitrates, sulfates, and chlorides of larger alkali metal ions. Typical nitrates include KNO3, NaNO3, LiNO3, NaSO4, and combinations thereof. The temperature of the molten salt bath is generally in the range of about 380 °C to about 450 °C, while the immersion time is in the range of about 15 minutes to about 100 hours, depending on the glass thickness, bath temperature, and glass (or monovalent ion) diffusivity. However, temperatures and immersion times different from those described above can also be used.

[0091] In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate can be immersed in a molten salt bath of 100% NaNO3, 100% KNO3, or a combination of NaNO3 and KNO3 at a temperature of about 370 °C to about 480 °C. In some embodiments, the glass substrate can be immersed in a molten mixed salt bath comprising about 5% to about 90% KNO3 and about 10% to about 95% NaNO3. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate can be immersed in a second bath after immersion in the first bath. The first bath and the second bath can have different compositions and / or temperatures from each other. The immersion times in the first bath and the second bath can be different. For example, the immersion time in the first bath can be longer than the immersion time in the second bath.

[0092] In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate can be immersed in a molten mixed salt bath comprising NaNO3 and KNO3 (e.g., 49% / 51%, 50% / 50%, 51% / 49%) at a temperature below about 420 °C (e.g., about 400 °C or about 380 °C) for less than about 5 hours, or even about 4 hours or less.

[0093] The ion exchange conditions can be adjusted to provide a "spike" or increase the slope of the stress distribution at or near the surface of the resulting glass substrate. The spike can result in a greater surface CS value. Due to the unique properties of the glass compositions used in the glass substrates described herein, such a spike can be achieved by a single bath or multiple baths, where the baths have a single component or a mixed component.

[0094] In one or more embodiments, when more than one monovalent ion is exchanged into the glass substrate, different monovalent ions can be exchanged to different depths in the glass substrate (and generate different degrees of stress at different depths in the glass substrate). The resulting relative depths of the stress-generating ions can be determined and result in different characteristics of the stress distribution.

[0095] CS is measured using those methods known in the art, such as by a surface stress meter (FSM), by using commercially available instruments, such as the FSM-6000 manufactured by Orihara Industrial Co., Ltd. (Japan). Surface stress measurement relies on the accurate measurement of the stress optical coefficient (SOC), which is related to the birefringence of the glass. Next, the SOC is measured using those methods known in the art, such as the fiber and four-point bend methods (both described in ASTM standard C770-98(2013) entitled "Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress-Optical Coefficient", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), and the bulk cylinder method. As used herein, CS can be the "maximum compressive stress", which is the highest compressive stress value measured within the compressive stress layer. In some embodiments, the maximum compressive stress is located at the surface of the glass article. In other embodiments, the maximum compressive stress can occur at a certain depth below the surface such that the compressive profile exhibits a "buried peak".

[0096] Depending on the strengthening method and conditions, the DOC can be measured by an FSM or a scatter light polariscope (SCALP) (such as the SCALP-04 scatter light polariscope available from Glasstress Ltd. located in Tallinn, Estonia). When chemically strengthening a glass substrate by ion exchange treatment, the FSM or SCALP can be used depending on which ions are exchanged into the glass substrate. In the case of generating stress in the glass substrate by exchanging potassium ions into the glass substrate, the FSM is used to measure the DOC. In the case of generating stress by exchanging sodium ions into the glass substrate, the SCALP is used to measure the DOC. In the case of generating stress in the glass substrate by exchanging both potassium ions and sodium ions into the glass, the DOC is measured by the SCALP because it is believed that the exchange depth of sodium represents the DOC and the exchange depth of potassium ions represents the magnitude change of the compressive stress (but not the stress change from compression to tension); the exchange depth of potassium ions in such a glass substrate is measured by the FSM. The center tension or CT is the maximum tensile stress and is measured by the SCALP.

[0097] In one or more embodiments, a glass substrate can be strengthened to have a DOC (as described herein) that is a portion of the glass substrate thickness t. For example, in one or more embodiments, the DOC can be greater than or equal to about 0.05t, greater than or equal to about 0.1t, greater than or equal to about 0.11t, greater than or equal to about 0.12t, greater than or equal to about 0.13t, greater than or equal to about 0.14t, greater than or equal to about 0.15t, greater than or equal to about 0.16t, greater than or equal to about 0.17t, greater than or equal to about 0.18t, greater than or equal to about 0.19t, greater than or equal to about 0.2t, greater than or equal to about 0.21t. In some embodiments, the DOC can be in the range of about 0.08t to about 0.25t, about 0.09t to about 0.25t, about 0.18t to about 0.25t, about 0.11t to about 0.25t, about 0.12t to about 0.25t, about 0.13t to about 0.25t, about 0.14t to about 0.25t, about 0.15t to about 0.25t, about 0.08t to about 0.24t, about 0.08t to about 0.23t, about 0.08t to about 0.22t, about 0.08t to about 0.21t, about 0.08t to about 0.2t, about 0.08t to about 0.19t, about 0.08t to about 0.18t, about 0.08t to about 0.17t, about 0.08t to about 0.16t, or about 0.08t to about 0.15t. For example, the DOC can be about 20μm or less. In one or more embodiments, the DOC can be about 40μm or greater, for example, about 40μm to about 300μm, about 50μm to about 300μm, about 60μm to about 300μm, about 70μm to about 300μm, about 80μm to about 300μm, about 90μm to about 300μm, about 100μm to about 300μm, about 110μm to about 300μm, about 120μm to about 300μm, about 140μm to about 300μm, about 150μm to about 300μm, about 40μm to about 290μm, about 40μm to about 280μm, about 40μm to about 260μm, about 40μm to about 250μm, about 40μm to about 240μm, about 40μm to about 230μm, about 40μm to about 220μm, about 40μm to about 210μm, about 40μm to about 200μm, about 40μm to about 180μm, about 40μm to about 160μm, about 40μm to about 150μm, about 40μm to about 140μm, about 40μm to about 130μm, about 40μm to about 120μm, about 40μm to about 110μm, or about 40μm to about 100μm. In other embodiments, the DOC falls within any of the exact numerical ranges provided in this paragraph.

[0098] In one or more embodiments, the strengthened glass substrate may have a CS (which may be found at the surface or depth of the glass substrate) of about 200 MPa or greater, 300 MPa or greater, 400 MPa or greater, about 500 MPa or greater, about 600 MPa or greater, about 700 MPa or greater, about 800 MPa or greater, about 900 MPa or greater, about 930 MPa or greater, about 1000 MPa or greater, or about 1050 MPa or greater.

[0099] In one or more embodiments, the strengthened glass substrate may have a maximum tensile stress or center tension (CT) of about 20 MPa or greater, about 30 MPa or greater, about 40 MPa or greater, about 45 MPa or greater, about 50 MPa or greater, about 60 MPa or greater, about 70 MPa or greater, about 75 MPa or greater, about 80 MPa or greater or about 85 MPa or greater. In some embodiments, the maximum tensile stress or center tension (CT) may be in the range of about 40 MPa to about 100 MPa. In other embodiments, the CS falls within the precise numerical ranges provided in this paragraph.

[0100] Glass composition

[0101] Suitable glass compositions for the glass substrate 134 include soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-containing aluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, and alkali-containing borosilicate glass.

[0102] Unless otherwise specified, the glass compositions disclosed herein are described in mole percentages (mol%) based on oxide analysis.

[0103] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include SiO2, and the amount of SiO2 ranges from about 66 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 67 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 68 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 69 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 70 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 72 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 78 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 76 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 75 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 74 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 72 mol%, or about 65 mol% to about 70 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween

[0104] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Al2O3, and the amount of Al2O3 is greater than about 4 mol% or greater than about 5 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Al2O3 in a range of greater than about 7 mol% to about 15 mol%, greater than about 7 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 7 mol% to about 13 mol%, about 4 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 7 mol% to about 11 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 15 mol%, about 9 mol% to about 15 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 15 mol%, about 11 mol% to about 15 mol%, or about 12 mol% to about 15 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the upper limit of Al2O3 can be about 14 mol%, 14.2 mol%, 14.4 mol%, 14.6 mol%, or 14.8 mol%.

[0105] In one or more embodiments, the glass article is described as an aluminosilicate glass article or includes an aluminosilicate glass composition. In such embodiments, the glass composition or article formed thereby includes SiO2 and Al2O3 and is not a soda-lime-silicate glass. In this regard, the glass composition or article formed thereby includes Al2O3 in an amount of about 2 mol% or more, 2.25 mol% or more, 2.5 mol% or more, about 2.75 mol% or more, about 3 mol% or more.

[0106] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes B2O3 (e.g., about 0.01 mol% or more). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes B2O3 in a range of about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 3 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of B2O3.

[0107] As used herein, the phrase "substantially free of" with respect to a component of a composition means that the component is not actively or intentionally added to the composition during the initial batching, but may be present as an impurity in an amount less than about 0.001 mol%.

[0108] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition optionally includes P2O5 (e.g., about 0.01 mol% or more). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes a non-zero amount of P2O5, the non-zero amount being up to and including 2 mol%, 1.5 mol%, 1 mol%, or 0.5 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of P2O5.

[0109] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include a total amount of R2O (which is the total amount of alkali metal oxides such as Li2O, Na2O, K2O, Rb2O, and Cs2O) that is greater than or equal to about 8 mol%, greater than or equal to about 10 mol%, or greater than or equal to about 12 mol%. In some embodiments, the total amount of R2O included in the glass composition ranges from about 8 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 18 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 16 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 9 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 11 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 12 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 13 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 14 mol%, or from 11 mol% to about 13 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of Rb2O, Cs2O, or both Rb2O and Cs2O. In one or more embodiments, R2O may include only the total amount of Li2O, Na2O, and K2O. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include at least one alkali metal oxide selected from Li2O, Na2O, and K2O, wherein the amount of the alkali metal oxide is greater than about 8 mol% or more.

[0110] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Na2O, and the amount of Na2O is greater than or equal to about 8 mol%, greater than or equal to about 10 mol%, or greater than or equal to about 12 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the range of Na2O included in the composition is from about 8 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 18 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 16 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 14 mol%, about 8 mol% to about 12 mol%, about 9 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 11 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 12 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 13 mol% to about 20 mol%, about 10 mol% to about 14 mol%, or 11 mol% to about 16 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0111] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes less than about 4 mol% of K2O, less than about 3 mol% of K2O, or less than about 1 mol% of K2O. In some cases, the glass composition may include K2O in an amount ranging from about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%, 0 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.1 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 3 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0.5 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, or about 0.5 mol% to about 1 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of K2O.

[0112] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of Li2O.

[0113] In one or more embodiments, the amount of Na2O in the composition may be greater than the amount of Li2O. In some cases, the amount of Na2O may be greater than the total amount of Li2O and K2O. In one or more alternative embodiments, the amount of Li2O in the composition may be greater than the amount of Na2O, or greater than the total amount of Na2O and K2O.

[0114] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include a total amount of RO (which is the total amount of alkaline earth metal oxides such as CaO, MgO, BaO, ZnO, and SrO) in the range of about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes up to about 2 mol% of a non-zero amount of RO. In one or more embodiments, the amount of RO included in the glass composition is about 0 mol% to about 1.8 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.6 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.4 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.8 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0115] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes less than about 1 mol%, less than about 0.8 mol%, or less than about 0.5 mol% of CaO. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of CaO.

[0116] In some embodiments, the glass composition includes from about 0 mol% to about 7 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 6 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 7 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 6 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 5 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 1 mol% to about 7 mol%, from about 2 mol% to about 6 mol%, or from about 3 mol% to about 6 mol% of MgO, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0117] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes equal to or less than about 0.2 mol%, less than about 0.18 mol%, less than about 0.16 mol%, less than about 0.15 mol%, less than about 0.14 mol%, less than about 0.12 mol% of ZrO2. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes ZrO2 in the range of about 0.01 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.18 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.16 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.15 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.14 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.12 mol%, or about 0.01 mol% to about 0.10 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0118] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes equal to or less than about 0.2 mol%, less than about 0.18 mol%, less than about 0.16 mol%, less than about 0.15 mol%, less than about 0.14 mol%, less than about 0.12 mol% of SnO2. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes SnO2 in the range of about 0.01 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.18 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.16 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.15 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.14 mol%, about 0.01 mol% to about 0.12 mol%, or about 0.01 mol% to about 0.10 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0119] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include oxides that impart color or tint to the glass article. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes oxides that prevent the glass article from discoloring when the glass article is exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Examples of such oxides include, but are not limited to, oxides of the following elements: Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ce, W, and Mo.

[0120] In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Fe represented as Fe2O3, where the amount of Fe present is up to (and including) about 1 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of Fe. In one or more embodiments, the amount of Fe2O3 included in the glass composition is equal to or less than about 0.2 mol%, less than about 0.18 mol%, less than about 0.16 mol%, less than about 0.15 mol%, less than about 0.14 mol%, less than about 0.12 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the range of Fe2O3 included in the glass composition is from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.18 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.16 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.15 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.14 mol%, from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.12 mol%, or from about 0.01 mol% to about 0.10 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

[0121] In the case where the glass composition includes TiO2, TiO2 may be present in an amount of about 5 mol% or less, about 2.5 mol% or less, about 2 mol% or less, or about 1 mol% or less. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of TiO2.

[0122] Exemplary glass compositions include: SiO2 in an amount of about 65 mol% to about 75 mol%, Al2O3 in an amount of about 8 mol% to about 14 mol%, Na2O in a range of about 12 mol% to about 17 mol%, K2O in a range of about 0 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, MgO in a range of about 1.5 mol% to about 6 mol%. Optionally, SnO2 may be included in the amounts disclosed herein. It should be understood that although the foregoing glass composition paragraphs indicate approximate ranges, in other embodiments, the glass substrate 134 may be made of any glass composition that falls within any of the precise numerical ranges discussed above.

[0123] Aspect (1) relates to a vehicle interior component, comprising: a frame including a support surface and an opening formed in the support surface; a glass substrate including a first major surface, a second major surface facing the support surface, and a secondary surface between the first major surface and the second major surface and defining the thickness of the glass substrate; and a first adhesive at least partially disposed in the opening and adhering the glass substrate to the frame, wherein the first adhesive and the opening are configured to act cooperatively to prevent delamination of the vehicle interior component.

[0124] Aspect (2) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (1), wherein the first adhesive is disposed between the support surface and the glass substrate and within the opening.

[0125] Aspect (3) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (1), wherein the first adhesive is disposed within one or more openings formed in the support surface, but not in regions of the support surface where the one or more openings are not formed.

[0126] Aspect (4) relates to the vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (3), wherein the glass substrate is a cold-formed glass substrate.

[0127] Aspect (5) relates to the vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (4), wherein the second major surface conforms to the shape of the support surface.

[0128] Aspect (6) relates to the vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (5), wherein the support surface includes a curved support surface.

[0129] Aspect (7) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (6), wherein the second major surface includes a curved substrate surface conforming to the curved support surface.

[0130] Aspect (8) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (7), wherein the curved support surface includes a first radius of curvature, and the curved substrate surface includes a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature.

[0131] Aspect (9) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (8), wherein the second radius of curvature is within 5% or 1% of the first radius of curvature.

[0132] Aspect (10) relates to the vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (7) to (9), wherein the curved substrate surface includes at least one of a concave surface and a convex surface.

[0133] Aspect (11) relates to the vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (10), wherein the second major surface includes a compound curvature.

[0134] Aspect (12) relates to a vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (11), wherein the glass substrate is complexly curved.

[0135] Aspect (13) relates to a vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (4) to (12), wherein the cold-formed glass substrate is formed into a curved shape at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the glass substrate.

[0136] Aspect (14) relates to a vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (13), wherein the opening includes a retention feature.

[0137] Aspect (15) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (14), wherein the opening includes a first part and a second part, the first part includes a first width along a first direction, the second part includes a second width along the first direction, the second width is different from the first width, and wherein the first part is disposed between the second part and the support surface.

[0138] Aspect (16) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (15), wherein the second width is greater than the first width.

[0139] Aspect (17) relates to a vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (14) to (16), wherein the retention feature includes a first part and a second part.

[0140] Aspect (18) relates to a vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (15) to (17), wherein the first part has a first shape defined by a first inner wall of the opening, and the second part has a second shape defined by a second inner wall of the opening, the size or shape of the first shape is different from that of the second shape.

[0141] Aspect (19) relates to a vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (16) to (18), wherein a first adhesive is disposed in the first part and the second part of the opening.

[0142] Aspect (20) relates to a vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (19), wherein the opening extends through the support surface to a void behind the support surface, such that the support surface separates the void from the glass substrate, and wherein a first adhesive is disposed in at least a part of the void.

[0143] Aspect (21) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (20), wherein the part of the void where the first adhesive is disposed has a third width along the first direction, and the third width is greater than the first width of the opening.

[0144] Aspect (22) relates to a vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (21), wherein the opening is disposed opposite to at least one of an edge region of the second main surface and a curved part of the second main surface.

[0145] Aspect (23) relates to a vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (22), wherein the opening is arranged opposite to a region of the second main surface including stress induced by bending.

[0146] Aspect (24) relates to a vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (23), wherein the first adhesive comprises at least one of epoxy resin, silicone material, acrylic, cyanoacrylate, urethane, or epoxy acrylate.

[0147] Aspect (25) relates to a vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (23), wherein the first adhesive comprises polydimethylsiloxane, and the glass substrate is plasma bonded to the polydimethylsiloxane.

[0148] Aspect (26) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (25), wherein the polydimethylsiloxane coats the support surface or encapsulates the frame.

[0149] Aspect (27) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (25) or aspect (26), wherein the polydimethylsiloxane is disposed in the opening.

[0150] Aspect (28) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (27), wherein the polydimethylsiloxane is disposed on at least a part of the rear surface of the frame, and the opening extends from the support surface through the frame to the rear surface.

[0151] Aspect (29) relates to a vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (24), wherein the thickness of the glass substrate is from about 0.05 mm to about 2 mm.

[0152] Aspect (30) relates to a vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (29), wherein the thickness of the glass substrate is from about 0.3 mm to about 1.1 mm.

[0153] Aspect (31) relates to a vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (30), wherein the thickness of the glass substrate is less than about 1.5 mm or less than about 1.0 mm.

[0154] Aspect (32) relates to a vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (31), wherein the thickness of the glass substrate is from about 0.3 mm to about 0.7 mm.

[0155] Aspect (33) relates to a vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (32), wherein the thickness of the glass substrate is 0.4 mm.

[0156] Aspect (34) relates to a vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (33), wherein the glass is chemically strengthened.

[0157] Aspect (35) relates to a vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (33), further including a display module, and the display module is attached to a frame.

[0158] Aspect (36) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (35), wherein the display module is attached to the second main surface of the frame or the glass substrate using an optically transparent adhesive.

[0159] Aspect (37) relates to the vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (36), wherein the frame includes at least one of a polymer, a metal, a carbon fiber, or a wood material.

[0160] Aspect (38) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (37), wherein the frame includes an injection-molded polymer material.

[0161] Aspect (39) relates to the vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (38), further including a second adhesive, and the second adhesive is disposed between the glass substrate and the support surface in one or more regions where no openings are formed on the support surface.

[0162] Aspect (40) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (39), wherein the first adhesive is a curable adhesive, and the second adhesive is configured to adhere the glass substrate to the support surface before the curable adhesive cures.

[0163] Aspect (41) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (39) or aspect (40), wherein the second adhesive is a pressure-sensitive adhesive, a tape, a film, or a foam.

[0164] Aspect (42) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (41), wherein the second adhesive includes at least one of an acrylic material, a urethane material, or an olefin rubber material.

[0165] Aspect (43) relates to the vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (39) to (42), wherein the support surface includes one or more regions enclosed by the second adhesive, and one or more openings are provided in the one or more regions.

[0166] Aspect (44) relates to the vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (1) to (43), wherein the opening has a circular shape or a groove shape.

[0167] Aspect (45) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (44), wherein the groove shape includes a first width and a first length of the opening, and the first length is greater than the first width.

[0168] Aspect (46) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (45), wherein the first length is at least twice, at least five times, or at least ten times the first width.

[0169] Aspect (47) relates to an interior vehicle component of any one of aspects (1) to (46), further comprising a plurality of openings arranged on a support surface.

[0170] Aspect (48) relates to the interior vehicle component of aspect (47), wherein the plurality of openings are arranged in a predetermined pattern on the support surface based on the stress distribution of the glass substrate.

[0171] Aspect (49) relates to the interior vehicle component of aspect (48), wherein the predetermined pattern is based on a region of the glass substrate having a high stress relative to the stress in other regions of the glass substrate.

[0172] Aspect (50) relates to an interior vehicle system comprising an interior vehicle component of any one of aspects (1) to (49), and at least one of the following: a decorative layer, a display module, or a touch panel on one of the first major surface and the second major surface of the glass substrate.

[0173] Aspect (51) relates to the interior vehicle system of aspect (50), wherein the interior vehicle system is at least one of a dashboard, a center console, an instrument cluster, a display, an infotainment module, a steering wheel, a touch panel, and an inner door panel.

[0174] Aspect (52) relates to a method of cold bending a glass substrate, comprising: providing a frame including a support surface having one or more openings formed therein; positioning the glass substrate on the support surface, the glass substrate including a first major surface, a second major surface facing the support surface, and a sub-surface between the first major surface and the second major surface defining the thickness of the glass substrate; applying a force to the glass substrate when the temperature of the glass substrate is below the glass transition temperature of the glass substrate to conform the second major surface to the support surface; and providing a first adhesive in contact with the second major surface and disposed within the one or more openings, wherein the first adhesive maintains the conformity of the second major surface to the support surface.

[0175] Aspect (53) relates to the method of aspect (52), wherein the first adhesive is disposed between the support surface and the glass substrate and within the openings.

[0176] Aspect (54) relates to the method of aspect (52) or aspect (53), wherein when the second major surface conforms to the support surface, at least one of the first major surface and the second major surface includes at least one of a concave surface and a convex surface.

[0177] Aspect (55) relates to the method of any one of aspects (52) to (54), wherein when the second major surface conforms to the support surface, at least one of the first major surface and the second major surface includes a compound curvature.

[0178] Aspect (56) relates to a method of any of aspects (52) to (55), wherein at least one of the first major surface and the second major surface is complexly curved when the second major surface conforms to the support surface.

[0179] Aspect (57) relates to a method of any of aspects (52) to (56), wherein each of the one or more openings includes a retention feature.

[0180] Aspect (58) relates to the method of aspect (57), wherein the retention feature includes a first portion of the opening and a second portion of the opening, the first portion including a first width along a first direction, the second portion including a second width along the first direction, the second width being different from the first width, wherein the first portion is disposed between the second portion and the support surface, and wherein a first adhesive is disposed in the first portion and the second portion of the opening.

[0181] Aspect (59) relates to the method of aspect (58), wherein the second width is greater than the first width.

[0182] Aspect (60) relates to the method of aspect (58) or aspect (59), wherein the first portion has a first shape defined by a first inner wall of the opening, and the second portion has a second shape defined by a second inner wall of the opening, the size or shape of the first shape being different from the second shape.

[0183] Aspect (61) relates to a method of any of aspects (57) to (60), wherein the retention feature exerts a force on the first adhesive, the force counteracting an elastic force in the glass substrate to maintain the glass substrate in a conforming state.

[0184] Aspect (62) relates to a method of any of aspects (57) to (61), wherein the one or more openings extend through the support surface to a void behind the support surface, such that the support surface separates the void from the glass substrate, and wherein the first adhesive is disposed in at least a portion of the void.

[0185] Aspect (63) relates to the method of aspect (62), wherein the portion of the void in which the first adhesive is disposed has a third width along the first direction, the third width being greater than the first width of the opening.

[0186] Aspect (64) relates to a method of any of aspects (52) to (63), wherein the one or more openings are formed in the support surface opposite to at least one of an edge region of the second major surface and a curved portion of the second major surface.

[0187] Aspect (65) relates to a method of any of aspects (52) to (64), wherein the one or more openings are disposed opposite to one or more regions of the second major surface including stress induced by bending.

[0188] Aspect (66) relates to a method of any of aspects (52) to (65), wherein one or more openings are arranged in a predetermined pattern on a support surface based on the stress distribution of a glass substrate.

[0189] Aspect (67) relates to the method of aspect (66), wherein the predetermined pattern is based on a region of the glass substrate having a high stress relative to the stress in other regions of the glass substrate.

[0190] Aspect (68) relates to the method of any of aspects (52) to (66), wherein the first adhesive comprises at least one of epoxy resin, silicone material, acrylic, cyanoacrylate, urethane, or epoxy acrylate.

[0191] Aspect (69) relates to the method of any of aspects (52) to (68), wherein the first adhesive comprises polydimethylsiloxane, and the method further comprises: exposing the polydimethylsiloxane and the second major surface of the glass substrate to a plasma environment before positioning the glass substrate on the support surface.

[0192] Aspect (70) relates to the method of aspect (69), further comprising plasma-bonding the glass substrate to the polydimethylsiloxane after exposing the polydimethylsiloxane and the second major surface to the plasma environment.

[0193] Aspect (71) relates to the method of aspect (70), wherein the plasma-bonding occurs during the following step: applying a force to the glass substrate while the temperature of the glass substrate is below the glass transition temperature of the glass substrate to conform the second major surface to the support surface.

[0194] Aspect (72) relates to the method of aspect (70), further comprising applying the polydimethylsiloxane to the support surface after plasma-bonding the glass substrate to the polydimethylsiloxane.

[0195] Aspect (73) relates to the method of any of aspects (69) to (72), wherein the polydimethylsiloxane is applied to a frame before exposing the polydimethylsiloxane to the plasma environment.

[0196] Aspect (74) relates to the method of aspect (73), wherein the polydimethylsiloxane covers the support surface and is disposed in one or more openings.

[0197] Aspect (75) relates to the method of aspect (74), wherein one or more openings extend from the support surface through the frame to the rear surface of the frame, and the polydimethylsiloxane contacts at least a portion of the rear surface.

[0198] Aspect (76) relates to a method of any of aspects (52) to (75), wherein the polydimethylsiloxane includes a curved surface that substantially corresponds to the curved surface of the support surface.

[0199] Aspect (77) relates to a vehicle interior system formed according to any of aspects (52) to (76).

[0200] Aspect (78) relates to the vehicle interior system of aspect (77), wherein the vehicle interior system is at least one of a dashboard, a center console, an instrument cluster, a display, an infotainment module, a steering wheel, a touch panel, and an inner door panel.

[0201] Aspect (79) relates to a method of forming a vehicle interior component, comprising: providing a frame that includes a support surface, the support surface including a curved surface and one or more openings formed in the support surface; providing a glass substrate that includes a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a minor surface between the first major surface and the second major surface that defines the thickness of the glass substrate; conforming the second major surface to the support surface by applying a force to the glass substrate; providing a first adhesive that contacts the second major surface and is disposed within the one or more openings, wherein the first adhesive engages retention features within the one or more openings, the retention features being configured to apply a force to the first adhesive to prevent delamination of the glass substrate from the support surface.

[0202] Aspect (80) relates to the method of aspect (79), wherein the conforming of the second major surface is performed when the temperature of the glass substrate is below the glass transition temperature of the glass substrate.

[0203] Aspect (81) relates to the method of aspect (79) or aspect (80), wherein the first adhesive maintains the conformity of the second major surface to the support surface.

[0204] Aspect (82) relates to the method of any of aspects (79) to (81), wherein the retention features include a first portion of the opening and a second portion of the opening, the first portion including a first width along a first direction, the second portion including a second width along the first direction, the second width being different from the first width, wherein the first portion is disposed between the second portion and the support surface, and wherein the first adhesive is disposed within the first portion and the second portion of the opening.

[0205] Aspect (83) relates to the method of aspect (82), wherein the second width is greater than the first width.

[0206] Aspect (84) relates to the method of any of aspects (79) to (81), wherein the retention features include a rear surface of the frame, one or more openings extending from the support surface through the frame to the rear surface, and a first adhesive that contacts at least a portion of the rear surface.

[0207] Aspect (85) relates to the method of aspect (84), wherein a first adhesive contacts an area on the rear surface that surrounds each of one or more openings, and the diameter of the area is greater than the diameter of the opening on at least one of the rear surface and the support surface.

[0208] Aspect (86) relates to a method of cold-bending a cover glass onto a curved frame, the method comprising: providing a polydimethylsiloxane structure including a base having a main surface and one or more raised portions; providing a structural frame including a front surface, a rear surface opposite the front surface, and one or more through-holes extending from the front surface to the rear surface, the size of the through-holes being set to allow the raised portions to be inserted into the through-holes; attaching the polydimethylsiloxane structure to the structural frame by inserting one or more raised portions into one or more through-holes, the main surface substantially conforming to the shape of the front surface; providing a glass substrate including a first main surface, a second main surface facing a support surface, and a secondary surface between the first main surface and the second main surface defining the thickness of the glass substrate; exposing the main surface of the polydimethylsiloxane structure and the second main surface of the glass substrate to a plasma environment; and plasma-bonding the second main surface to the main surface of the polydimethylsiloxane structure.

[0209] Aspect (87) relates to the method of aspect (86), further comprising: applying a polydimethylsiloxane layer to the rear surface of the frame; and plasma-bonding the polydimethylsiloxane layer to one or more raised portions of the polydimethylsiloxane structure to fix the polydimethylsiloxane structure to the structural frame.

[0210] Aspect (88) relates to the method of aspect (86) or aspect (87), wherein during plasma-bonding the second main surface to the main surface of the polydimethylsiloxane structure, the temperature of the glass substrate is lower than the glass transition temperature of the glass substrate.

[0211] Aspect (89) relates to the method of any one of aspects (86) to (88), wherein the front surface of the structural frame includes one or more curved portions, and the glass substrate conforms to the one or more curved portions such that the first main surface of the glass substrate includes one or more curved portions.

[0212] Aspect (90) relates to the method of any one of aspects (86) to (89), wherein the polydimethylsiloxane structure includes one or more bolt-shaped polydimethylsiloxane structures for each of one or more openings.

[0213] Aspect (91) relates to the method of aspect (79), further comprising inserting one or more bolt-shaped polydimethylsiloxane structures into a flexible gasket plate.

[0214] Aspect (92) relates to the method of aspect (91), further comprising encapsulating at least a portion of the flexible gasket plate and the bolt-shaped polydimethylsiloxane structure in a polydimethylsiloxane encapsulation layer.

[0215] Aspect (93) relates to the method of aspect (91) or aspect (92), further comprising fixing the bolt-shaped polydimethylsiloxane structure to the structural frame with a washer and / or nut.

[0216] Aspect (94) relates to a vehicle interior component, comprising: a frame including a support surface, a rear surface opposite the front surface, and one or more openings formed in the support surface; a glass substrate including a first major surface, a second major surface facing the support surface, and a minor surface between the first major surface and the second major surface and defining the thickness of the glass substrate; and an adhesive layer between the glass substrate and the frame, the adhesive layer being configured to adhere the glass substrate to the frame, wherein the adhesive layer is disposed on the support surface, in the one or more openings, and on at least a portion of the rear surface.

[0217] Aspect (95) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (94), wherein the adhesive layer comprises at least one of epoxy resin, silicone material, acrylic, cyanoacrylate, urethane, epoxy acrylate, or polydimethylsiloxane.

[0218] Aspect (96) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (95), wherein the adhesive layer optionally comprises polydimethylsiloxane, and wherein the adhesive layer is plasma-bonded to the second major surface of the glass substrate.

[0219] Aspect (97) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (96), wherein the adhesive layer comprises a first layer and a second layer, the first layer being disposed on the support surface and plasma-bonded to the second major surface, the second layer being disposed on at least a portion of the rear surface, wherein one of the first layer and the second layer is disposed in the one or more openings, and wherein the first layer is plasma-bonded to the second layer.

[0220] Aspect (98) relates to the vehicle interior component of aspect (97), wherein one of the first layer and the second layer comprises a bottom layer and one or more raised portions, the bottom layer contacting the front surface or the rear surface of the frame, and the one or more raised portions being configured to at least partially pass through the one or more openings.

[0221] Aspect (99) relates to the vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (95) to (98), wherein the adhesive layer encapsulates the frame.

[0222] Aspect (100) relates to the vehicle interior component of any one of aspects (94) to (99), wherein the support surface comprises a curved support surface.

[0223] Aspect (101) relates to an interior vehicle component of any one of aspects (94) to (100), in which a glass substrate is cold formed onto an adhesive layer to conform to the shape of a support surface.

[0224] Aspect (102) relates to an interior vehicle component including: a frame including a curved support surface, a rear surface opposite a front surface, and one or more openings formed in the curved support surface; a glass substrate including a first major surface, a second major surface facing the curved support surface, and a minor surface between the first major surface and the second major surface and defining the thickness of the glass substrate; an adhesive layer between the glass substrate and the frame, the adhesive layer being configured to adhere the glass substrate to the frame; a plurality of bolts including a first portion having a first width and a second portion having a second width, the first width being greater than the width of the one or more openings, and the second width being less than the first width and equal to or less than the width of the one or more openings, wherein at least the first portion of the plurality of bolts is encapsulated in the adhesive layer, wherein the second portion of the plurality of bolts extends through the one or more openings to the rear surface, and an end of the second portion is fixed behind the rear surface with one or more fasteners or nuts, and wherein the glass substrate is plasma bonded to the adhesive layer.

[0225] Unless otherwise expressly stated, no intention is made to interpret any method described herein as requiring that its steps be performed in a particular order. Accordingly, if a method claim does not actually recite an order of its steps, or if the steps are not specifically stated in the claim or the specification to be limited to a particular order, no particular order is intended to be inferred. Additionally, as used herein, the article "a" is intended to include one or more than one component or element and is not intended to be construed as meaning only one.

[0226] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosed embodiments. Since those skilled in the art can conceive of modifications, combinations, sub - combinations, and variations of the disclosed embodiments in combination with the spirit and substance thereof, the disclosed embodiments are to be construed as including all such modifications, combinations, sub - combinations, and variations within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An interior vehicle component, comprising: a frame including a support surface and an opening formed in the support surface; a glass substrate including a first major surface, a second major surface facing the support surface, and a minor surface between the first major surface and the second major surface defining the thickness of the glass substrate; and a first adhesive at least partially disposed in the opening and adhering the glass substrate to the frame, wherein the first adhesive and the opening are configured to cooperate to prevent delamination of the interior vehicle component, wherein the support surface includes a curved support surface, wherein the second major surface includes a curved substrate surface conforming to the curved support surface, and wherein the curved support surface includes a first radius of curvature and the curved substrate surface includes a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature.

2. The interior vehicle component according to claim 1, wherein the first adhesive is disposed between the support surface and the glass substrate and within the opening.

3. The interior vehicle component according to claim 1, wherein the first adhesive is disposed within one or more openings formed in the support surface but not in regions of the support surface where the one or more openings are not formed.

4. The interior vehicle component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the glass substrate is a cold-formed glass substrate.

5. The interior vehicle component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second major surface conforms to the shape of the support surface.

6. The interior vehicle component according to claim 1, wherein the second radius of curvature is within 5% or 1% of the first radius of curvature.

7. The interior vehicle component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the curved substrate surface includes at least one of a concave surface and a convex surface.

8. The interior vehicle component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second major surface includes a compound curvature.

9. The interior vehicle component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the glass substrate is complexly curved.

10. The interior vehicle component according to claim 4, wherein the cold-formed glass substrate is formed into a curved shape at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the glass substrate.

11. The interior vehicle component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the opening includes a retention feature.

12. The interior vehicle component according to claim 11, wherein the opening includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion including a first width along a first direction, the second portion including a second width along the first direction, the second width being different from the first width, and wherein the first portion is disposed between the second portion and the support surface.

13. The interior vehicle component according to claim 12, wherein the second width is greater than the first width.

14. The interior vehicle component according to claim 12, wherein the retention feature includes the first portion and the second portion.

15. The vehicle interior component according to claim 12, wherein the first portion has a first shape defined by a first inner wall of the opening, and the second portion has a second shape defined by a second inner wall of the opening, and the size or shape of the first shape is different from that of the second shape.

16. The vehicle interior component according to claim 13, wherein the first adhesive is disposed in the first portion and the second portion of the opening.

17. The vehicle interior component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the opening extends through the support surface to a void behind the support surface, such that the support surface separates the void from the glass substrate, and wherein the first adhesive is disposed in at least a portion of the void.

18. The vehicle interior component according to claim 17, wherein the portion of the void in which the first adhesive is disposed has a third width in a first direction, and the third width is greater than a first width of the opening.

19. The vehicle interior component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the opening is disposed opposite to at least one of an edge region of the second main surface and a curved portion of the second main surface.

20. The vehicle interior component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the opening is disposed opposite to a region of the second main surface including stress induced by bending.

21. The vehicle interior component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first adhesive includes at least one of epoxy resin, silicone material, acrylic, cyanoacrylate, urethane, or epoxy acrylate.

22. The vehicle interior component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first adhesive includes polydimethylsiloxane, and the glass substrate is plasma-bonded to the polydimethylsiloxane.

23. The vehicle interior component according to claim 22, wherein the polydimethylsiloxane coats the support surface or encapsulates the frame.

24. The vehicle interior component according to claim 22, wherein the polydimethylsiloxane is disposed in the opening.

25. The vehicle interior component according to claim 24, wherein the polydimethylsiloxane is disposed on at least a portion of a rear surface of the frame, and the opening extends from the support surface through the frame to the rear surface.

26. The vehicle interior component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thickness of the glass substrate is from 0.05 mm to 2 mm.

27. The vehicle interior component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thickness of the glass substrate is from 0.3 mm to 1.1 mm.

28. The vehicle interior component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thickness of the glass substrate is less than 1.5 mm or less than 1.0 mm.

29. The vehicle interior component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thickness of the glass substrate is from 0.3 mm to 0.7 mm.

30. The vehicle interior component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thickness of the glass substrate is 0.4 mm.

31. The vehicle interior component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the glass is chemically strengthened.

32. The vehicle interior component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a display module attached to the frame.

33. The vehicle interior component according to claim 32, wherein the display module is attached to the frame or the second major surface of the glass substrate using an optically transparent adhesive.

34. The vehicle interior component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the frame comprises at least one of a polymer, a metal, a carbon fiber, or a wood material.

35. The vehicle interior component according to claim 34, wherein the frame comprises an injection molded polymer material.

36. The vehicle interior component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a second adhesive disposed between the glass substrate and the support surface in one or more regions of the support surface where the opening is not formed.

37. The vehicle interior component according to claim 36, wherein the first adhesive is a curable adhesive, and the second adhesive is configured to adhere the glass substrate to the support surface before the curable adhesive cures.

38. The vehicle interior component according to claim 36, wherein the second adhesive is a pressure sensitive adhesive, a tape, a film, or a foam.

39. The vehicle interior component according to claim 38, wherein the second adhesive comprises at least one of an acrylic material, a urethane material, or an olefin rubber material.

40. The vehicle interior component according to claim 36, wherein the support surface comprises one or more regions enclosed by the second adhesive, and wherein the one or more openings are provided in the one or more regions.

41. The vehicle interior component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the opening has a circular shape or a slot shape.

42. The vehicle interior component according to claim 41, wherein the slot shape comprises a first width and a first length of the opening, and the first length is greater than the first width.

43. The vehicle interior component according to claim 42, wherein the first length is at least twice the first width, at least five times the first width, or at least ten times the first width.

44. The vehicle interior component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a plurality of openings arranged on the support surface.

45. The vehicle interior component according to claim 44, wherein the plurality of openings are arranged on the support surface in a predetermined pattern based on the stress distribution of the glass substrate.

46. The vehicle interior component according to claim 45, wherein the predetermined pattern is based on a region of the glass substrate having a high stress relative to the stress in other regions of the glass substrate.

47. A vehicle interior system, comprising a vehicle interior component as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, and at least one of the following: a decorative layer, a display module, or a touch panel on one of the first major surface and the second major surface of the glass substrate.

48. The vehicle interior system as claimed in claim 47, wherein the vehicle interior system is at least one of an instrument panel, a center console, an instrument cluster, a display, an infotainment module, a steering wheel, a touch panel, and an inner door panel.

49. A method of cold bending a glass substrate, comprising: providing a frame, the frame including a support surface having one or more openings formed in the support surface, wherein the support surface includes a curved support surface; positioning the glass substrate on the support surface, the glass substrate including a first major surface, a second major surface facing the support surface, and a secondary surface between the first major surface and the second major surface and defining the thickness of the glass substrate, wherein the second major surface includes a curved substrate surface; applying a force to the glass substrate when the temperature of the glass substrate is below the glass transition temperature of the glass substrate to cause the second major surface to conform to the support surface; and providing a first adhesive in contact with the second major surface and disposed within the one or more openings, wherein the first adhesive maintains the second major surface in conformity with the support surface, and wherein the curved support surface includes a first radius of curvature, and the curved substrate surface includes a second radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature.

50. The method as claimed in claim 49, wherein the first adhesive is disposed between the support surface and the glass substrate and within the openings.

51. The method as claimed in claim 49, wherein when the second major surface conforms to the support surface, at least one of the first major surface and the second major surface includes at least one of a concave surface and a convex surface.

52. The method as claimed in claim 49, wherein when the second major surface conforms to the support surface, at least one of the first major surface and the second major surface includes a compound curvature.

53. The method as claimed in claim 49, wherein when the second major surface conforms to the support surface, at least one of the first major surface and the second major surface is complexly curved.

54. The method as claimed in any one of claims 49 to 53, wherein each of the one or more openings includes a retention feature.

55. The method as claimed in claim 54, wherein the retention feature includes a first portion of the opening and a second portion of the opening, the first portion including a first width along a first direction, the second portion including a second width along the first direction, the second width being different from the first width, wherein the first portion is disposed between the second portion and the support surface, and wherein the first adhesive is disposed in the first portion and the second portion of the opening.

56. The method according to claim 55, wherein the second width is greater than the first width.

57. The method according to claim 55, wherein the first portion has a first shape defined by a first inner wall of the opening, and the second portion has a second shape defined by a second inner wall of the opening, and the size or shape of the first shape is different from that of the second shape.

58. The method according to claim 55, wherein the retaining feature applies a force to the first adhesive, and the force counteracts the elastic force in the glass substrate to keep the glass substrate in a conforming state.

59. The method according to any one of claims 49 to 53, wherein the one or more openings extend through the support surface to a void behind the support surface, such that the support surface separates the void from the glass substrate, and wherein the first adhesive is disposed in at least a portion of the void.

60. The method according to claim 59, wherein the portion of the void in which the first adhesive is disposed has a third width in a first direction, and the third width is greater than the first width of the opening.

61. The method according to any one of claims 49 to 53, wherein the one or more openings are formed in the support surface opposite to at least one of an edge region of the second major surface and a curved portion of the second major surface.

62. The method according to any one of claims 49 to 53, wherein the one or more openings are disposed opposite to one or more regions of the second major surface including stress induced by bending.

63. The method according to any one of claims 49 to 53, wherein the one or more openings are arranged in a predetermined pattern on the support surface based on the stress distribution of the glass substrate.

64. The method according to claim 63, wherein the predetermined pattern is based on a region of the glass substrate having a high stress relative to the stress in other regions of the glass substrate.

65. The method according to any one of claims 49 to 53, wherein the first adhesive comprises at least one of epoxy resin, silicone material, acrylic, cyanoacrylate, urethane, or epoxy acrylate.

66. The method according to any one of claims 49 to 53, wherein the first adhesive comprises polydimethylsiloxane, and the method further comprises: exposing the polydimethylsiloxane and the second major surface of the glass substrate to a plasma environment before positioning the glass substrate on the support surface.

67. The method according to claim 66, further comprising plasma bonding the glass substrate to the polydimethylsiloxane after exposing the polydimethylsiloxane and the second major surface to the plasma environment.

68. The method according to claim 67, wherein the plasma bonding occurs during the following steps: applying a force to the glass substrate while the temperature of the glass substrate is lower than the glass transition temperature of the glass substrate to conform the second major surface to the support surface.

69. The method according to claim 67, further comprising applying the polydimethylsiloxane to the support surface after plasma bonding the glass substrate to the polydimethylsiloxane.

70. The method according to claim 66, wherein the polydimethylsiloxane is applied to the frame before the polydimethylsiloxane is exposed to the plasma environment.

71. The method according to claim 70, wherein the polydimethylsiloxane covers the support surface and is disposed in the one or more openings.

72. The method according to claim 71, wherein the one or more openings extend from the support surface through the frame to the rear surface of the frame, and the polydimethylsiloxane contacts at least a portion of the rear surface.

73. The method according to claim 66, wherein the polydimethylsiloxane includes a curved surface that substantially corresponds to the curved surface of the support surface.

74. A vehicle interior system formed by a method according to any one of claims 49 to 53.

75. The vehicle interior system according to claim 74, wherein the vehicle interior system is at least one of a dashboard, a center console, an instrument cluster, a display, an infotainment module, a steering wheel, a touch panel, and an inner door panel.

76. A method of forming a vehicle interior component, comprising: providing a frame including a support surface, the support surface including a curved surface and one or more openings formed in the support surface; providing a glass substrate including a first major surface, a second major surface opposite the first major surface, and a sub-surface between the first major surface and the second major surface and defining the thickness of the glass substrate; conforming the second major surface to the support surface by applying a force to the glass substrate; providing a first adhesive in contact with the second major surface and disposed within the one or more openings, wherein the first adhesive engages retention features within the one or more openings, the retention features being configured to apply a force to the first adhesive to prevent delamination of the glass substrate from the support surface.

77. The method according to claim 76, wherein the conforming of the second major surface is performed while the temperature of the glass substrate is lower than the glass transition temperature of the glass substrate.

78. The method according to claim 76, wherein the first adhesive maintains the conformity of the second major surface to the support surface.

79. The method according to any one of claims 76 to 78, wherein the retention features include a first portion of the opening and a second portion of the opening, the first portion including a first width along a first direction, the second portion including a second width along the first direction, the second width being different from the first width. wherein the first part is disposed between the second part and the support surface, and wherein the first adhesive is disposed in the first part and the second part of the opening.

80. The method according to claim 79, wherein the second width is greater than the first width.

81. The method according to any one of claims 76 to 78, wherein the retaining feature includes a rear surface of the frame, the one or more openings extending from the support surface through the frame to the rear surface, and the first adhesive in contact with at least a portion of the rear surface.

82. The method according to claim 81, wherein the first adhesive is in contact with an area on the rear surface surrounding each of the one or more openings, the diameter of the area being greater than the diameter of the opening on at least one of the rear surface and the support surface.

83. A method of cold bending a cover glass to a curved frame, the method comprising: providing a polydimethylsiloxane structure including a base having a main surface and one or more raised portions; providing a structural frame including a front surface, a rear surface opposite the front surface, and one or more through holes extending from the front surface to the rear surface, the through holes sized to allow the raised portions to be inserted into the through holes; attaching the polydimethylsiloxane structure to the structural frame by inserting the one or more raised portions into the one or more through holes, the main surface substantially conforming to the shape of the front surface; providing a glass substrate including a first main surface, a second main surface facing a support surface, and a secondary surface between the first main surface and the second main surface defining the thickness of the glass substrate; exposing the main surface of the polydimethylsiloxane structure and the second main surface of the glass substrate to a plasma environment; and plasma bonding the second main surface to the main surface of the polydimethylsiloxane structure.

84. The method according to claim 83, further comprising: applying a polydimethylsiloxane layer to the rear surface of the frame; and plasma bonding the polydimethylsiloxane layer to the one or more raised portions of the polydimethylsiloxane structure to fix the polydimethylsiloxane structure to the structural frame.

85. The method according to claim 83, wherein during plasma bonding the second main surface to the main surface of the polydimethylsiloxane structure, the temperature of the glass substrate is below the glass transition temperature of the glass substrate.

86. The method according to claim 83, wherein the front surface of the structural frame includes one or more curved portions, and the glass substrate conforms to the one or more curved portions such that the first main surface of the glass substrate includes one or more curved portions.

87. The method according to any one of claims 83 to 86, wherein the polydimethylsiloxane structure includes one or more bolt-shaped polydimethylsiloxane structures for each of the one or more openings.

88. The method according to claim 87, further comprising inserting the one or more bolt-shaped polydimethylsiloxane structures into a flexible gasket plate.

89. The method according to claim 88, further comprising encapsulating at least a portion of the flexible gasket plate and the bolt-shaped polydimethylsiloxane structures in a polydimethylsiloxane encapsulation layer.

90. The method according to claim 88, further comprising securing the bolt-shaped polydimethylsiloxane structures to the structural frame with washers and / or nuts.

91. An interior vehicle component, comprising: a frame including a support surface, a rear surface opposite the front surface, and one or more openings formed in the support surface, wherein the support surface includes a curved support surface; a glass substrate including a first major surface, a second major surface facing the support surface, and a minor surface between the first major surface and the second major surface and defining the thickness of the glass substrate; and an adhesive layer between the glass substrate and the frame, the adhesive layer being configured to adhere the glass substrate to the frame, wherein the adhesive layer is disposed on the support surface, in the one or more openings, and on at least a portion of the rear surface.

92. The interior vehicle component according to claim 91, wherein the adhesive layer includes at least one of epoxy resin, silicone material, acrylic, cyanoacrylate, urethane, epoxy acrylate, or polydimethylsiloxane.

93. The interior vehicle component according to claim 92, wherein the adhesive layer optionally includes polydimethylsiloxane, and wherein the adhesive layer is plasma-bonded to the second major surface of the glass substrate.

94. The interior vehicle component according to claim 93, wherein the adhesive layer includes a first layer and a second layer, the first layer being disposed on the support surface and plasma-bonded to the second major surface, the second layer being disposed on at least a portion of the rear surface, wherein one of the first layer and the second layer is disposed in the one or more openings, and wherein the first layer is plasma-bonded to the second layer.

95. The interior vehicle component according to claim 94, wherein one of the first layer and the second layer includes a bottom layer and one or more raised portions, the bottom layer contacting the front surface or the rear surface of the frame, the one or more raised portions being configured to at least partially pass through the one or more openings.

96. The interior vehicle component according to claim 92, wherein the adhesive layer encapsulates the frame.

97. The interior vehicle component according to any one of claims 91 to 96, wherein the glass substrate is cold-formed onto the adhesive layer to conform to the shape of the support surface.

98. An interior vehicle component, comprising: A frame, comprising a curved support surface, a rear surface opposite the front surface, and one or more openings formed in the curved support surface; A chemically strengthened and cold-formed glass substrate, comprising a first major surface, a second major surface facing the curved support surface, and a minor surface between the first major surface and the second major surface and defining the thickness of the glass substrate; An adhesive layer between the glass substrate and the frame, the adhesive layer being configured to adhere the glass substrate to the frame, A plurality of bolts, comprising a first portion having a first width and a second portion having a second width, the first width being greater than the width of the one or more openings, and the second width being less than the first width and equal to or less than the width of the one or more openings, wherein at least the first portion of the plurality of bolts is encapsulated in the adhesive layer, wherein the second portion of the plurality of bolts extends through the one or more openings to the rear surface, and the end of the second portion is fixed behind the rear surface with one or more fasteners or nuts, and wherein the glass substrate is plasma-bonded to the adhesive layer.

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