A device and method for prefabricated tunnels in a shear thickening fluid filling body

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for filling a prefabricated tunnel in a body with a shear thickening fluid, comprising a prefabricated main body (1) arranged in the prefabricated tunnel, which is a water bag, the end face size of the prefabricated main body (1) being the same as the cross-sectional size of the prefabricated tunnel and the length being less than the length of the prefabricated tunnel; one end of the prefabricated main body (1) is connected to a protective layer (2), and the protective layer (2) is provided with a shear thickening fluid (3); the bottom of the prefabricated main body (1) is provided with a water injection port (1a), and the top is provided with a first exhaust port (1b); the bottom of the protective layer (2) is provided with a liquid injection port (2a), and the top is provided with a second exhaust port (2b). The advantages of the present invention are that it realizes the reuse of underground engineering and space, greatly reduces the cost of filling and excavation of empty areas, reduces the excavation engineering volume and mining cost, reduces the difficulty of mining two-step resources, significantly improves the economic benefits of the mine, and at the same time improves the filling safety and stability, ensuring a good working environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underground mine filling, in particular to a device and method for prefabricating a tunnel in a shear thickening fluid filling body. Background Art

[0002] The core issue of underground mining is the problem of working space. Mining space must be formed before large-scale mining. The construction of mining and cutting projects is to create space for recovery. How to recycle underground space and reduce the cost of mining and cutting projects is related to mine safety, environmental protection, efficiency and economic mining. It is a common industry problem that mining researchers urgently need to solve.

[0003] With the development of environmental protection policies and mining technology, backfill mining has become the mainstream of underground mining. At present, domestic mines that adopt backfill mining mainly adopt two-step mining. The second-step resource mining requires the use of the engineering and space of the first-step resource mining. The common method is to re-excavate the backfill body to form the required space and engineering. However, the excavation engineering in the backfill body mainly has problems such as difficulty in forming lanes, low efficiency, high cost, and great damage to the underground environment. In addition, in order to be able to excavate lanes in the backfill body, high-intensity backfilling of the goaf is required, and the backfilling cost is also significantly increased. If the reuse of underground engineering and space can be achieved, it will greatly reduce the cost of backfilling the empty area, reduce the amount of excavation engineering and mining costs, reduce the difficulty of mining the second-step resources, and significantly improve the economic benefits of the mine.

[0004] However, most of the underground space recycling technologies currently used use steel arches, bagged fillings and other support methods to pre-construct tunnels. These technologies are either costly or have poor safety and stability and are easily damaged. They cannot be used normally underground, which creates obstacles to the realization of underground space recycling. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of difficulty in tunnel formation, low efficiency, high cost, poor effect and harsh working environment in the existing filling mining method. A device for prefabricated tunnels in a shear thickening fluid filling body is provided, which can realize the reuse of underground engineering and space, greatly reduce the cost of filling and excavation of empty areas, reduce the amount of excavation engineering and mining costs, reduce the difficulty of mining two-step resources, significantly improve the economic benefits of mines, and at the same time improve the filling safety and stability, ensuring a good working environment.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A device for filling a prefabricated tunnel in a body with a shear thickening fluid, comprising a prefabricated main body arranged in the prefabricated tunnel, the prefabricated main body being a water bag, and the two end faces of the prefabricated main body in a full state being composed of an upper three-center arch and a lower rectangle, the end face size of the prefabricated main body being the same as the cross-sectional size of the prefabricated tunnel, and the length of the prefabricated main body being less than the length of the prefabricated tunnel, so as to reserve sufficient working space for erecting a filling retaining wall;

[0008] One end of the prefabricated body is connected to a protective layer, in which a shear thickening fluid is provided, so as to provide enhanced coverage protection for the local high-risk area of ​​the prefabricated body exposed in the empty area;

[0009] A group of water injection ports are arranged at the bottom of the prefabricated body and a group of first exhaust ports are arranged at the top, and a group of liquid injection ports are arranged at the bottom of the protective layer and a group of second exhaust ports are arranged at the top, so as to facilitate the injection of water into the prefabricated body and the injection of shear thickening fluid into the protective layer.

[0010] Furthermore, the prefabricated main body and the protective layer are both made of tough rubber material.

[0011] Furthermore, the three-center span ratio of the end face is 1 / 3.

[0012] The shear thickening fluid used in the present invention refers to a suspension formed by particles dispersed in a solvent. The viscosity of the fluid increases with the increase of the shear rate and can effectively resist external high impact loads. A universal shear thickening fluid formula is provided here, and equal amounts of starch and water are fully stirred to form a shear thickening fluid.

[0013] In order to further achieve the purpose of the present invention, a method for filling a prefabricated tunnel in a body with a shear thickening fluid is also provided. The device used includes a prefabricated body, and the specific steps are as follows, including:

[0014] (1) Selection of prefabricated main body: Select the mine access road in the stope as the prefabricated roadway, and determine the size and cross-sectional shape of the prefabricated main body according to the location of the prefabricated roadway, the cross-sectional size and shape of the original roadway, and the layout of the prefabricated main body;

[0015] (2) Inspection of the prefabricated body: Inspect the quality of the prefabricated body on the surface in advance, and conduct an inflation test according to the rated pressure of the prefabricated body. Use an air compressor to inflate it and measure whether it is damaged or leaking. During inflation, observe the internal air pressure data, changes in the barometer, and whether the air tightness of the prefabricated body is normal. After inflation, close the inflation valve, place the prefabricated body in a full state for 24 hours, and then check the barometer data of the prefabricated body to check the changes in air pressure.

[0016] (3) Placement of prefabricated main body: If the air pressure change of the prefabricated main body is less than 1% after standing for 24 hours, the selected prefabricated main body can be transported to the prefabricated tunnel location by the mine hoisting and transportation system for underground testing;

[0017] (4) Installation of prefabricated main body:

[0018] a. First, place the prefabricated body matching the prefabricated tunnel into the prefabricated tunnel, open the second exhaust port and the injection port, connect the water pump to the injection port, and inject the shear thickening fluid into the space formed between the protective layer and the prefabricated body. After the fluid cannot be injected, turn off the water pump and close the second exhaust port and the injection port;

[0019] b. Second, use the mine transportation equipment to lay the above device flat in the mine access road, and evenly apply the release agent on the surface of the device. Since the length of the device is shorter than the length of the goaf, the end with the protective layer needs to be close to the goaf;

[0020] c. Third, open the first exhaust port and the water injection port, connect the water pump and the water injection port, inject water into the prefabricated body, and when the water can no longer be injected, turn off the water pump and close the water injection port and the first exhaust port;

[0021] (5) Goaf filling: After the above operations are completed, check whether there is water leakage in the prefabricated main body and the protective layer, then seal all the exits of the goaf and fill the goaf. After the filling reaches a certain height and the filling slurry solidifies, remove the goaf exit sealing wall;

[0022] (6) Dismantling of the prefabricated main body: Open the first exhaust port and water injection port to drain the water in the prefabricated main body; after the water is drained, take it out of the filling body. The space formed is the prefabricated tunnel. Then open the second exhaust port and liquid injection port to release the shear thickening fluid and recycle it for reuse.

[0023] Furthermore, in step (2), the inflation pressure is 1 / 6 to 1 / 3 of the rated pressure.

[0024] Furthermore, in step (3), it is necessary to check whether the relevant accessories of the prefabricated body are complete and in what condition, and the prefabricated tunnel should be cleaned to prevent sharp objects in the tunnel from damaging the prefabricated body and to ensure normal filling of the prefabricated body.

[0025] Furthermore, in step (6), the shear thickening fluid has poor fluidity. If necessary, an air pump can be used to inject air from the second exhaust port to squeeze the shear thickening fluid out of the injection port.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0027] (1) The prefabricated main body and the protective layer together constitute the prefabricated tunnel device in the shear thickening fluid filling body, and the shear thickening fluid and water injection are used for protection, so that the device can withstand a large filling slurry impact load and liquid pressure, and the one-time filling height can be appropriately increased;

[0028] (2) Utilize the characteristics of shear thickening fluid, that is, the phenomenon that the viscosity of this type of fluid increases with the increase of shear rate. When subjected to high impact load, its viscosity increases instantly; while not affecting the installation of prefabricated tunnel devices, it avoids damage to the device caused by external loads, such as filling slurry impact load, flying rocks, blasting shock waves, etc., greatly improving the scope of application of the device;

[0029] (3) Taking advantage of the incompressible nature of water, the internal water is used to buffer the pressure caused by the external filling slurry, thereby increasing the pressure limit of the device and ensuring the safety of the device;

[0030] (4) The device of the present invention can better adapt to the underground environment, efficiently realize the pre-construction of tunnels in the filling body, reduce the excavation volume of the filling body, and better realize the recycling and reuse of underground space, which greatly promotes the cost reduction and efficiency improvement of mines and improves the economic benefits of enterprises. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a device for filling a prefabricated tunnel in a body with a shear thickening fluid according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is the end face structure diagram of the prefabricated main body of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a plan view of the ore-exit structure layout of the device of the present invention applied in the ore pillar of the underground mine room;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the arrangement of the device of the present invention when applied in a mine pillar in an underground mine room;

[0035] Figure 5 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the device of the present invention being applied in a mine pillar in an underground mine room;

[0036] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a field application of the device of the present invention in a goaf;

[0037] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the on-site application of the device of the present invention in a tunnel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] Example 1

[0039] To make the present invention more clearly understood, the following further describes a device and method for prefabricated tunnels in a shear thickening fluid filling body of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0040] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , a device for filling a prefabricated tunnel in a body with a shear thickening fluid, characterized in that:

[0041] The prefabricated main body 1 is a water bag, and the shape of the two end faces 11 of the prefabricated main body 1 in a full state is composed of an upper three-center arch 11a and a lower rectangle 11b, the span ratio of the three-center arch 11a of the end face 11 is 1 / 3, the end face size of the prefabricated main body 1 is the same as the cross-sectional size of the prefabricated roadway, and the length of the prefabricated main body 1 is less than the length of the prefabricated roadway, so as to reserve sufficient working space for erecting a filling retaining wall;

[0042] One end of the prefabricated body 1 is connected to a protective layer 2, in which a shear thickening fluid 3 is provided, so as to provide enhanced coverage protection for the local high-risk area of ​​the prefabricated body exposed in the empty area;

[0043] The prefabricated body 1 is provided with a water injection port 1a at the bottom and a first exhaust port 1b at the top, and the protective layer 2 is provided with a liquid injection port 2a at the bottom and a second exhaust port 2b at the top, so as to facilitate the injection of water into the prefabricated body and the injection of the shear thickening fluid into the protective layer;

[0044] The prefabricated main body 1 and the protective layer 2 are both made of tough rubber material.

[0045] In the present invention, the bottom of the protective layer is adhered to the side edge of the prefabricated body by using rubber vulcanization technology or other technology, so that a space of about 2 cm is formed between the prefabricated body and the protective layer, and the shear thickening fluid is stored in the space; then, pipeline interfaces such as a water injection port, a first exhaust port, a liquid injection port, and a second exhaust port are installed at corresponding positions thereon.

[0046] The shear thickening fluid used in the present invention refers to a suspension formed by particles dispersed in a solvent. The viscosity of the fluid increases with the increase of the shear rate and can effectively resist external high impact loads. A universal shear thickening fluid formula is provided here, and equal amounts of starch and water are fully stirred to form a shear thickening fluid.

[0047] In the present invention, the prefabricated main body is a water bag made of rubber or other materials with a certain toughness, with a thickness of 3mm, a cross-sectional shape of 1 / 3 three-center arch, and a length of 10m, which is less than the reserved tunnel length, and reserves sufficient working space for erecting the filling retaining wall. The cross-sectional size is 2.0×2.2m2 , the same size as the reserved laneway;

[0048] The protective layer is made of the same rubber skin as the prefabricated main body. Since only one side of the device is exposed in the empty area when used in the tunnel, it is a local high-risk area and this side needs to be protected. Therefore, the cross-sectional shape of the protective layer is 1 / 3 three-center arch, the material thickness is 3mm, and the cross-sectional size is 2.02×2.22 m. 2 , slightly larger than the reserved tunnel size, to ensure a 2cm space between the protective cover layer and the main prefabricated components in the local high-risk area.

[0049] See also Figure 3~Figure 7 In the present invention, the method for filling a prefabricated tunnel in a body with a shear thickening fluid using the above-mentioned device has the following specific steps, which are characterized by comprising:

[0050] (1) Selection of the prefabricated main body: The exit road in the stope is selected as the prefabricated tunnel, with a length of 20m and a size of 2.0×2.2m. 2 , determine the size and cross-sectional shape of the prefabricated main body according to the location of the prefabricated tunnel, the cross-sectional size and cross-sectional shape of the original tunnel and the layout of the pre-purchased main body;

[0051] (2) Inspection of the prefabricated body: Inspect the quality of the prefabricated body on the surface in advance, and conduct an inflation test according to the rated pressure of the prefabricated body. Use an air compressor to inflate it and measure whether it is damaged or leaking. During inflation, observe the internal air pressure data, changes in the barometer, and whether the air tightness of the prefabricated body is normal. The inflation pressure is 1 / 6 to 1 / 3 of the rated pressure. After inflation, close the inflation valve, leave the prefabricated body in a full state for 24 hours, and then check the barometer data of the prefabricated body to check the changes in air pressure.

[0052] (3) Placement of prefabricated main body: If the air pressure change of the prefabricated main body is less than 1% after standing for 24 hours, the selected prefabricated main body can be transported to the prefabricated tunnel location by the mine hoisting and transportation system for underground testing;

[0053] (4) Installation of prefabricated main body:

[0054] a. First, place the prefabricated body matching the prefabricated tunnel into the prefabricated tunnel, open the second exhaust port and the injection port, connect the water pump to the injection port, and inject the shear thickening fluid into the space formed between the protective layer and the prefabricated body. The volume of the injected shear thickening fluid is 0.1m³. When the fluid cannot be injected, turn off the water pump and seal the second exhaust port and the injection port;

[0055] b. Second, use the mine transportation equipment to lay the above device flat in the mine access road, and evenly apply the release agent on the surface of the device. Since the length of the device is shorter than the length of the goaf, the end with the protective layer needs to be close to the goaf, such as Figure 5 As shown, the goaf is the area near the side of the mine exit tunnel of the prefabricated main body;

[0056] c. Third, open the first exhaust port and water injection port, connect the water pump and the water injection port, and inject water into the prefabricated body. The water injection volume is about 44m³. When the water can no longer be injected, turn off the water pump and close the water injection port and the first exhaust port;

[0057] (5) Goaf filling: After the above operations are completed, check whether there is water leakage in the prefabricated main body and the protective layer, then seal all the exits of the goaf and fill the goaf. After the filling reaches a certain height and the filling slurry solidifies, remove the goaf exit sealing wall;

[0058] (6) Dismantling of the prefabricated main body: Open the first exhaust port and water injection port to drain the water in the prefabricated main body; after the water is drained, take it out of the filling body. The space formed is the prefabricated tunnel. Then open the second exhaust port and liquid injection port to release the shear thickening fluid and recycle it. Since the shear thickening fluid has poor fluidity, an air pump can be used to inject air from the second exhaust port to squeeze the shear thickening fluid out of the liquid injection port when necessary.

[0059] Furthermore, in step (3), it is necessary to check whether the relevant accessories of the prefabricated body are complete and in what condition, and the prefabricated tunnel should be cleaned to prevent sharp objects in the tunnel from damaging the prefabricated body and to ensure normal filling of the prefabricated body.

[0060] In the present invention, before placing the prefabricated main body, a detailed inspection is required:

[0061] First, check whether the relevant accessories of the engineering carrier are complete and can be used normally. According to the conditions of the underground tunnel, use burlap to hang on the wall for protection, or make burlap bags to wrap the engineering carrier, and complete the preparation work on the surface;

[0062] Second, the underground tunnels to be constructed should be prepared. Coordinate the production above and below the mine. Under the condition of meeting the safety production requirements, the tunnels should be cleaned to prevent possible sharp objects from damaging the engineering carrier. If the tunnels cannot be cleaned, water-absorbing expansion bags should be hung on the walls and water should be sprayed for local isolation and protection. If necessary, sprayed concrete should be used to support the tunnels.

[0063] 3. Transport the installation materials and equipment related to the underground engineering carrier to the reserved tunnel, arrange the round steel and expansion bolts used to fix the engineering carrier, connect the mine high-pressure air and water to the vicinity of the reserved tunnel through pipelines, and reserve the corresponding interfaces;

[0064] Fourth, the prefabricated body is lowered into the well using a cage, and then transported to the vicinity of the tunnel section to be constructed by a transport vehicle, and then transported to the installation point by manpower. During transportation, protection needs to be strengthened to ensure that it is not damaged during transportation. At the same time, the prefabricated body should be placed in parallel in the tunnel to avoid curling, so as to avoid folding after inflation, so as to prevent the engineering carrier from being locally over-pressurized when inflated, resulting in uneven force on the engineering carrier and local bursting caused by instantaneous pressure increase. Anti-freezing measures should be taken for engineering carriers in winter.

[0065] In the present invention, after the prefabricated main body is constructed, a filling retaining wall needs to be set up:

[0066] 1. The backfill retaining wall is closed with red bricks of 240*115*53mm. The thickness of the brick wall below 1m is 0.5m, and the thickness of the brick wall above 1m is 0.37m. The strength of the masonry and plastering mortar is required to be M10. In order to ensure the dehydration effect, the filter cloth is wrapped with the end of φ108mm seamless steel pipe for dehydration;

[0067] Second, the dewatering pipe on the closed wall is made of seamless steel pipe Φ108*700mm. The end of the steel pipe inside the wall is required to be wrapped with geotextile for dewatering. The two pipes below 1m at the bottom are 700mm long each. When the brick wall is built, they are placed in the wall according to the position shown in the figure. The water level test pipe inside the prefabricated main body extends from one of the dewatering pipes;

[0068] 3. The tailings slurry produced by the concentrator has a concentration of 20% and a flow rate of 906m 3 / h, and is transported to the high-efficiency thickener on the west side of the North District Filling Station through a slurry pump. The thickener specification is φ38m, and there are two units. After the tailings are thickened by the No. 1 thickener, they are transported to the North District Filling Station through an underflow pump. After the tailings are thickened by the No. 2 thickener, they are transported to the South District Filling Station through an underflow pump. The transport concentration is 40% to 45%, and the flow rate is 260m 3 / h, the slurry pumps delivering to the two filling stations are independent of each other, and the delivery flow is the same. Due to the long delivery distance of the filling station in the southern area, two-stage relay delivery is adopted. The slurry pump delivering to the filling station in the northern area is a one-stage delivery. Considering that when the sand bin of the filling station is full and not filled, the bottom flow of the two thickeners needs to be delivered to the filter press workshop, so a slurry pump delivering to the filter press workshop is installed in the pump room;

[0069] Fourth, the whole tailings of the concentrator are pressurized by the conveying pump and conveyed to the filling standing sand bin for flocculation and sedimentation. Before filling, the clarified water on the surface of the whole tailings is discharged, and then compressed air is used to make slurry. After the whole tailings in the sand bin are slurried evenly, they are then conveyed to the mixing barrel by the sand discharge pipe. The top of the cement silo is equipped with a silo top dust collector and a material level meter to monitor the material level. The lower part of the silo wall is equipped with a silo wall vibrator to ensure the stability of cement discharge. At present, the cementitious materials for mine filling are directly blown into the cement silo from the mine cementitious material factory through the pipeline. The cementitious materials are conveyed after being measured by a double screw feeder and an electronic scale. To the mixing barrel, the filling slurry is prepared by a vertical mixing barrel + a high-speed activated mixer for two-stage continuous mixing, and is conveyed to the empty area of ​​the mining field for filling through the filling borehole and the underground conveying pipeline. The automatic detection and adjustment device configured in the filling system for monitoring and controlling the filling operation parameters has been mostly damaged. It is currently only used to control the start and shutdown of the control system and the control of cement dosage. The concentration of the whole tailings slurry and the concentration of the filling slurry are obtained by manual measurement, and the flow rates of the whole tailings slurry and the filling slurry are measured by electromagnetic flowmeters.

[0070] The beneficial effects that the present invention can produce are as follows:

[0071] (1) If the original method of excavating tunnels in the backfill of the mine is followed, 5 to 6 exit roads need to be excavated in a single stope. The excavation length of a single exit road is calculated as 8 meters. The cost of excavating tunnels in the backfill is 8,677.6 yuan / m. It can be roughly calculated that the cost of excavating tunnels in the backfill of a single stope is about 347,000 to 417,000 yuan;

[0072] (2) If the method of reserving a tunnel in the backfill body of the present invention is adopted, the comprehensive cost of tunnel reservation can be estimated by calculation. The comprehensive cost of tunnel reservation is composed of backfill cost and reserved tunnel cost, as shown in the following table:

[0073] Serial number Indicator parameters unit index Remark 1 Access engineering carrier area per meter ㎡ / m 29.2 2 Price per meter of access engineering carrier Yuan / m 7300 3 Shipping costs Yuan / m 30 4 Cost of auxiliary materials Yuan / m 730 10% of unit cost 5 Labor installation cost Yuan 3600 6 people, 300 yuan / day, 2 days installation 6 Manual slag removal costs (before filling) Yuan 1200 4 people, 300 yuan / day, 1 day 7 Manual slag removal costs (after filling) Yuan 2400 4 people, 300 yuan / day, 2 days 8 Total labor costs Yuan 7200 9 Labor cost per meter of access Yuan / m 120 10 Total cost of blocking access per meter Yuan / m 8180 Capsule used 1 time 11 Total cost of blocking access per meter Yuan / m 4530 Capsule used 2 times 12 Total cost of blocking access per meter Yuan / m 3313.33 Use capsule 3 times

[0074] From the above, we can see that the backfill cost of the reserved tunnel scheme is 10% of the existing scheme. Assuming that the prefabricated main body is used at least twice, it can be calculated that the comprehensive cost of tunnel reservation is 4530 yuan / m. It can be roughly calculated that the cost of reserving a tunnel in a single mine filling body is about 217,000 yuan. A single mine can save 200,000 yuan, and the cost savings are more than 40%.

[0075] In addition, the device of the present invention can recycle and reuse it to a certain extent, further reducing the cost of the reserved tunnel.

[0076] Before and after using the device of the present invention, the economic indicators of the two schemes are compared as follows:

[0077] Cost Structure unit Existing solutions Reserved lane plan Remark Filling cost Yuan / m 894.1 0.0 Excavation cost Yuan / m 4504.5 0.0 Reserved lane cost Yuan / m 0.0 4530 Engineering carrier used 1 time Comprehensive cost Yuan / m 8677.6 4857.9 Cost ratio % 100.0 56.0

[0078] In summary, based on the comparison of statistical results, it is roughly estimated that the traditional tunneling footage in the filling body is 0.44m / day. If the reserved tunnel method in the filling body is adopted, the reserved tunnel needs to spend time for the engineering carrier pre-setting time, engineering carrier removal time and support time. Among them, the on-site installation time of the engineering carrier is about 3~4 days, which is preset before filling and can be compressed by adjusting the filling sequence. The engineering carrier removal time is about 3~4 days, the tunnel cleaning time is 2~3 days, and the support time is about 15 days. It can be roughly calculated that the efficiency of the reserved tunnel in the filling body is 1.92m / day, the construction period is compressed by nearly 80 days, and the construction efficiency is increased by about 4 times.

[0079] In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may also have other implementation modes. Any technical solution formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation falls within the protection scope required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for filling a prefabricated tunnel in a body with a shear thickening fluid, characterized in that: The prefabricated main body (1) is arranged in a prefabricated tunnel. The prefabricated main body (1) is a water bag. When the prefabricated main body is full, the shape of its two end faces (11) is composed of an upper three-center arch (11a) and a lower rectangle (11b). The end face size of the prefabricated main body (1) is the same as the cross-sectional size of the prefabricated tunnel. The length of the prefabricated main body (1) is less than the length of the prefabricated tunnel. One end of the prefabricated main body (1) is connected to a protective layer (2), and a shear thickening fluid (3) is provided in the protective layer (2); The prefabricated main body (1) is provided with a group of water injection ports (1a) at the bottom and a group of first exhaust ports (1b) at the top, and the protective layer (2) is provided with a group of liquid injection ports (2a) at the bottom and a group of second exhaust ports (2b) at the top.

2. The device for prefabricated tunnels in a body filled with shear thickening fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prefabricated main body (1) and the protective layer (2) are both made of tough rubber material.

3. The device for prefabricated tunnels in a body filled with shear thickening fluid according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The span ratio of the three-center arch (11a) of the end surface (11) is 1 / 3.

4. A method for filling a prefabricated tunnel in a body with a shear thickening fluid using the device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific steps are as follows, characterized in that: include: Step 1, selection of prefabricated main body: select the mine access road in the stope as the prefabricated roadway, and determine the size and cross-sectional shape of the prefabricated main body according to the location of the prefabricated roadway, the cross-sectional size and shape of the original roadway and the layout of the pre-purchased main body; Step 2: Inspection of the prefabricated body: Inspect the quality of the prefabricated body on the surface in advance, and perform an inflation test according to the rated pressure of the prefabricated body. Use an air compressor to inflate it, measure whether it is damaged or leaking, and observe its internal air pressure data, changes in the barometer, and whether the air tightness of the prefabricated body is normal during inflation. After inflation, close the inflation valve, place the prefabricated body in a full state for 24 hours, and then check the barometer data of the prefabricated body to check the changes in air pressure. Step 3: Placement of the prefabricated body: If the air pressure change of the prefabricated body is less than 1% after standing for 24 hours, the selected prefabricated body can be transported to the prefabricated tunnel location by the mine hoisting and transportation system for underground testing; Step 4: Installation of prefabricated main body: a. Place the prefabricated body matching the prefabricated tunnel into the prefabricated tunnel, open the second exhaust port and the injection port, connect the water pump to the injection port, and inject the shear thickening fluid into the space formed between the protective layer and the prefabricated body. After the fluid cannot be injected, turn off the water pump and close the second exhaust port and the injection port; b. Use mining transportation equipment to lay the above device flat in the mine access road, and evenly apply release agent on the surface of the device. Since the length of the device is shorter than the length of the goaf, the end with the protective layer needs to be close to the goaf; c. Open the first exhaust port and water injection port, connect the water pump and the water injection port, inject water into the prefabricated body, and when water cannot be injected, turn off the water pump and close the water injection port and the first exhaust port; Step 5, filling the goaf: After the above operations are completed, check whether there is water leakage in the prefabricated main body and the protective layer, then seal all the outlets of the goaf and fill the goaf. After the filling reaches a certain height and the filling slurry solidifies, remove the goaf outlet sealing wall; Step 6, dismantling of the prefabricated main body: open the first exhaust port and water injection port to drain the water in the prefabricated main body; after the water is drained, take it out of the filling body, and the space formed is the prefabricated tunnel, then open the second exhaust port and liquid injection port to release the shear thickening fluid and recycle it for reuse.

5. The method for filling a prefabricated tunnel in a body with a shear thickening fluid according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 2, the inflation pressure is 1 / 6 to 1 / 3 of the rated pressure.

6. The method for filling a prefabricated tunnel in a body with a shear thickening fluid according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: In the step three, it is necessary to check whether the relevant accessories of the prefabricated main body are complete and in what condition, and the prefabricated tunnel should also be cleaned.

7. The method for filling a prefabricated tunnel in a body with a shear thickening fluid according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: In the step six, when the fluidity of the shear thickening fluid is poor, an air pump is used to inject air from the second exhaust port to squeeze the shear thickening fluid out of the injection port.

Images