Nozzles for use with desuperheaters, and desuperheaters including such nozzles.

Abstract

A nozzle for use with a desuperheater and a desuperheater including such a nozzle. According to an example, a nozzle for a desuperheater includes a body having a first end portion, a second end portion, and a passage arranged for attachment to a flow path, extending between the first and second end portions and defining an inlet port. The passage is adapted to connect to a fluid source. The body includes an outer portion having an irregular external shape and a nozzle having an exit opening defined by the outer portion. The flow passage is coupled between the inlet port and the nozzle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This patent generally relates to nozzles, and more specifically, to nozzles for use with desuperheaters and desuperheaters including such nozzles. Background Technology

[0002] Steam supply systems typically generate or produce superheated steam at relatively high temperatures (e.g., above saturation temperature), exceeding the maximum permissible operating temperature of downstream equipment. In some cases, superheated steam at temperatures above the maximum permissible operating temperature of downstream equipment may damage it.

[0003] Therefore, steam supply systems typically employ desuperheaters to reduce the temperature of the steam downstream of the desuperheater. Some known desuperheaters (e.g., insertion desuperheaters) include a body section that is suspended or positioned substantially perpendicular to the fluid flow path of the steam flowing in a channel (e.g., a pipe). The desuperheater includes a nozzle that injects or sprays cooling water into the steam flow to reduce the temperature of the steam flowing downstream of the desuperheater.

[0004] Figure 1 An example of a known desuperheater 104 is illustrated, which is coupled to a flow path 102 through which steam flows. The desuperheater 104 is coupled to the flow path 102 via a flanged connection 105 including opposing flanges 106, 107. As shown, the desuperheater 104 includes a desuperheater body 110 and a nozzle 108, which is coupled to the desuperheater body 110 and has a nozzle 112 extending from the desuperheater body 110. It should be understood that each of these components of the desuperheater 104 is manufactured individually using conventional manufacturing techniques and then assembled together.

[0005] To reduce the temperature of the steam within flow line 102, the nozzle 112 of the desuperheater 104 is positioned to spray water 114 into flow line 102 via a linear flow path that provides fluid communication between (i) a port formed in nozzle 108 and adapted to connect to a water source and (ii) the nozzle 112. During operation, temperature sensor 116 provides the temperature value of the steam within flow line 102 to controller 118. Controller 118 is coupled to control valve assembly 120, which includes actuator 122 and valve 124. When the temperature value of the steam within flow line 102 exceeds a setpoint, controller 118 causes actuator 122 to open valve 124, allowing spray water 114 to flow through control valve assembly 120, to and from nozzle 112, and into flow line 102. Summary of the Invention

[0006] According to a first example, a nozzle for a desuperheater includes a body having a first end portion arranged for attachment to a flow path, a second end portion spaced apart from the first end portion, and an internal passage. The internal passage is arranged for connection to a fluid source. The internal passage includes an inner surface having a plurality of inlet ports. The body includes an outer portion and includes a plurality of nozzles. Each of the plurality of nozzles includes an outlet port. A plurality of flow paths extend between the inner surface and the outer portion. Each of the plurality of flow paths fluidly couples a corresponding inlet port of the plurality of inlet ports to a corresponding outlet port of the plurality of nozzles. Each of the nozzles is carried by an outwardly extending protrusion extending away from the longitudinal axis of the body.

[0007] According to a second example, a nozzle for a desuperheater includes a body having a first end portion, a second end portion, and a passage arranged for attachment to a flow path, extending between the first and second end portions and defining an inlet port. The passage is adapted to connect to a fluid source. The body includes an outer portion having an irregular external shape and a nozzle having an outlet port defined by the outer portion. The flow path is coupled between the inlet port and the nozzle.

[0008] According to a third example, a manufacturing method includes creating a nozzle for a desuperheater using additive manufacturing technology. The creation includes: forming a body having a first end portion arranged for attachment to a flow path, a second end portion spaced apart from the first end portion, and an internal passage. The internal passage is arranged for connection to a fluid source. The method includes forming the internal passage including an inner surface having a plurality of inlet ports, and forming a body including an outer portion and a plurality of nozzles. Each of the plurality of nozzles includes an exit port. The method includes forming a plurality of flow paths extending between the inner surface and the outer portion. Each of the plurality of flow paths fluidly couples a corresponding inlet port of the plurality of inlet ports to a corresponding exit port of a corresponding nozzle of the plurality of nozzles. Each nozzle is carried by an outwardly extending protrusion extending away from the longitudinal axis of the body.

[0009] According to a fourth example, a nozzle for a desuperheater includes a body having a first end portion, a second end portion, a petal-shaped downstream surface, and an inner portion. The inner portion defines a passage extending between the first end portion and the second end portion. This passage is adapted to connect to a fluid source. A plurality of inlet ports are formed through the inner portion and connected to the passage. The nozzle includes a plurality of nozzles having corresponding outlet ports. At least some of the outlet ports are formed by the petal-shaped downstream surface. The nozzle includes a plurality of flow passages. Each flow passage is coupled between one of the inlet ports and a corresponding nozzle.

[0010] According to a fifth example, a nozzle for a desuperheater includes a body having a first end portion, a second end portion, a petal-shaped downstream surface, and a passage extending between the first end portion and the second end portion and defining an inlet port. The passage is adapted to be connected to a fluid source. The nozzle also includes a nozzle having an exit port defined by the petal-shaped downstream surface and a flow passage coupled between the inlet port and the nozzle.

[0011] According to a sixth example, an apparatus includes a manufacturing method comprising creating a nozzle for a desuperheater using additive manufacturing technology. The creation includes: forming a body having a first end portion, a second end portion, a petal-shaped downstream surface, and an internal portion. The internal portion defines a passage extending between the first end portion and the second end portion. The creation includes forming a plurality of inlet ports through the internal portion and connected to the passage. The creation includes forming a plurality of nozzles having corresponding outlet ports. At least some of the outlet ports are formed by the petal-shaped downstream surface. The creation includes forming a plurality of flow passages. Each flow passage is coupled between one of the inlet ports and a corresponding nozzle.

[0012] Further, based on the foregoing first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and / or sixth examples, an apparatus and / or method may further include any one or more of the following:

[0013] According to one example, a first exit port in the exit ports is oriented along a first axis and at a first angle relative to the longitudinal axis, and a second exit port in the exit ports is oriented along a second axis at an angle relative to the first axis and at a second angle relative to the longitudinal axis, the first angle and the second angle being different from each other.

[0014] According to another example, the first exit port in the exit port is oriented along the first axis and parallel to the longitudinal axis.

[0015] According to another example, the body includes an upstream side and a downstream side, and most of the nozzles are located adjacent to the downstream side.

[0016] According to another example, at least some of the inbound ports are located adjacent to the upstream side.

[0017] According to another example, the main body includes an upstream side and a downstream side. The first inlet port in the inlet ports is adjacent to the upstream side, and the corresponding outlet port is adjacent to the downstream side.

[0018] According to another example, the inlet port is located near the first end portion, and the corresponding nozzle is located near the second end portion.

[0019] In another example, the outer portion surrounds the inner passage, and the flow path is positioned between the outer portion and the inner passage.

[0020] According to another example, the interior space is formed by the exterior portion, and the flow path is located within the interior space.

[0021] According to another example, the outer portion defines a through-hole that fluidly couples the internal space to the external environment.

[0022] According to another example, a support member is also included, which is coupled between the inner passage and the inner surface of the outer portion.

[0023] According to another example, the inlet port of a nozzle coupled to a nozzle suitable for ejecting a first volume of fluid is positioned closer to the second end portion, and the inlet port of a nozzle coupled to a nozzle suitable for ejecting a second volume of fluid is positioned closer to the first end portion. The first volume is larger than the second volume.

[0024] In another example, the body has an upstream side and a downstream side. The inlet port is located on the upstream side of the body.

[0025] According to another example, the body includes an upstream side and a downstream side. Most of the nozzles are positioned adjacent to the downstream side.

[0026] According to another example, the body, nozzle, and flow path are formed as a whole.

[0027] According to another example, the body has a curved upstream surface that is adjacent to an outer portion having an irregular external shape.

[0028] According to another example, the outer part includes the outer wall.

[0029] According to another example, a first exit port in the exit port is oriented along a first axis and at a first angle relative to the longitudinal axis, and a second exit port in the exit port is oriented along a second axis at an angle relative to the first axis and at a second angle relative to the longitudinal axis, the first angle and the second angle being different from each other. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 An example of a known desuperheater is shown, which is coupled to the flow path through which steam flows.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of an example nozzle constructed according to the first disclosed example of the present invention, and the nozzle can be used to couple to... Figure 1 In the desuperheater of the flow path.

[0032] Figure 3 and Figure 2Similar, but for illustrative purposes, a portion of the nozzle has been removed, and the hollow part of the nozzle is shown in outline.

[0033] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Another isometric view of the nozzle.

[0034] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 and Figure 4 A close-up view of a portion of the nozzle.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of another example nozzle constructed according to the second disclosed example of the present invention, and this nozzle can be used to couple to Figure 1 In the desuperheater of the flow path.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of another example of a nozzle constructed according to the third disclosed example of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of yet another example of a nozzle constructed according to the fourth disclosed example of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a nozzle based on the teachings of this disclosure.

[0039] Figure 10 An isometric sectional view is shown as another example of a nozzle for a desuperheater constructed according to the fifth disclosed example of the invention.

[0040] Figure 11 Examples Figure 10 An isometric view of the nozzle.

[0041] Figure 12 Examples Figure 10 The equidistant cross-sectional view and negative space inside the nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0042] Although a detailed description of exemplary methods, apparatuses, and / or articles of manufacture is disclosed below, it should be understood that the legal scope of the property rights is defined by the words in the claims set forth at the end of this patent. Therefore, the following detailed description should be interpreted as exemplary only, and not as describing every possible example, as it would be impractical, if not impossible, to describe every possible example. Many alternative examples can be implemented using current technology or technology developed after the date of this patent application. It is foreseeable that such alternative examples will still fall within the scope of the claims.

[0043] Figures 2-5An example of a nozzle 200 for a desuperheater constructed according to a first disclosed example of the invention is illustrated. As discussed herein, the nozzle 200 may be used in place of... Figure 1 The nozzle 108 is used in the desuperheater 104, but it will be understood that the nozzle 200 can be used in other desuperheaters (or in combination with other flow paths). In the example shown, the nozzle 200 is formed of a body 204, a plurality of inlet ports 208 formed in the body 204, and a plurality of nozzles 212A-212J having a plurality of flow paths 216A-216J, wherein each of these components is integrally formed with each other to form a single nozzle. However, in other examples, the nozzle 200 may vary. As an example, the nozzle 200 may alternatively include a different number of inlet ports 208 (e.g., only one inlet port 208) and / or a different number of nozzles.

[0044] Body 204 is typically adapted to be connected to a fluid source (not shown) for reducing the temperature of steam flowing through flow line 102 (or any other similar line). Body 204 has a first end 220 and a second end 224 opposite to the first end 220. Between the first end 220 and the second end 224, body 204 includes a collar 228 disposed at or near the first end 220, and an elongated portion 236 disposed between the collar 228 and the second end 224. When nozzle 200 is used in desuperheater 104, collar 228 is typically arranged to couple to flange 106. Collar 228 may include threads for threaded engagement of flange 106, but may not necessarily include threads. Meanwhile, when nozzle 200 is used in desuperheater 104, at least a large portion of elongated portion 236 is arranged to be positioned within flow line 102. The main body 204 also includes an outer wall 237 (for the purpose of illustrating other features of the nozzle 200). Figures 3-5 (Partially removed) and inner wall 238, which is radially spaced inward from outer wall 237. Inner wall 238 defines central passage 240, which extends along longitudinal axis 244 of body 204 between first end 220 and second end 224.

[0045] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As best shown, inlet ports 208 are formed in the body 204 along the central passage 240 (i.e., between the first end 220 and the second end 224), particularly in the inner wall 238. The inlet ports 208 are generally arranged circumferentially around the central passage 240 such that they are radially spaced from each other and spaced from each other along the longitudinal axis 244, although two or more of the inlet ports 208 may be radially aligned and / or longitudinally aligned with each other. In any case, once thus formed, the inlet ports 208 are in fluid communication with fluid supplied from a source and flowing through the central passage 240.

[0046] Nozzles 212A-212J are hollow components, which are integrally formed within the body 204 during the manufacture of the nozzle 200. For example... Figure 2 As shown, it illustrates nozzles 212A-212J as viewed from the outside of nozzle 200, and as... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, for illustrative purposes, some portions of the body 204 are removed to outline the nozzles 212A-212J, which are typically arranged between the first end 220 and the second end 224 adjacent to the outer wall 237 of the body 204. Specifically, the nozzles 212A-212J are arranged such that a large portion of each nozzle is disposed between the outer wall 237 and the inner wall 238, and the remaining portion of each nozzle is radially disposed outside the outer wall 237. In other words, a portion of each nozzle protrudes radially outward from the outer wall 237 of the body 204. However, in other cases, one or more nozzles of the nozzles 212A-212J may be entirely disposed between the outer wall 237 and the inner wall 238. Similar to inlet port 208, nozzles 212A-212J are generally arranged circumferentially around central passage 240 such that nozzles 212A-212J are radially spaced apart from each other and longitudinally spaced apart from each other (i.e., spaced apart from each other along longitudinal axis 244). Thus, as an example, nozzle 212A is radially spaced from nozzle 212B (i.e., nozzle 212A rotates relative to nozzle 212B about longitudinal axis 244), and nozzle 212A is positioned closer to second end 224 than nozzle 212B.

[0047] Generally, each nozzle in nozzles 212A-212J includes a nozzle body 246, at least one chamber 248, and at least one exit port 250. The at least one chamber 248 is formed in the nozzle body 246, and the at least one exit port 250 is formed in the nozzle body 246, in fluid communication with the at least one chamber 248, and is arranged to supply fluid supplied by a source to the flow line 102. The nozzle body 246 is integrally formed with the body 204 such that the nozzle body 246 is... Figures 2 to 5 None of the accompanying figures are visible in isolation. Figures 2-5 In the nozzle 200 shown, each of the nozzles 212A-212J includes only one chamber 248, but in other examples, one or more nozzles 212A-212J may include more than one chamber 248.

[0048] like Figure 5As best shown, the nozzle 212J is depicted in more detail, and each chamber 248 preferably takes the form of a swirl chamber defined by a tapered surface 252 of the nozzle 212J. This causes the fluid flowing through and out of the respective nozzles 212A-212J (via exit port 250) to swirl (i.e., travel along a spiral path), which in turn promotes thorough and uniform mixing between the fluid distributed in the nozzle 200 and the steam flowing through the flow line 102. However, in other examples, one or more of the chambers 248 may be of different types. As an example, one or more of the chambers 248 may be cylindrical chambers. Figures 2-5 In the nozzle 200 shown, each nozzle in nozzles 212A-212J also includes only one exit port, but in other examples, one or more nozzles in nozzles 212A-212J may include more than one exit port. Each exit port 250 preferably has a circular cross-section, but other cross-sectional shapes (e.g., elliptical) may be used alternatively.

[0049] As in Figures 2-5 As best illustrated, a plurality of flow passages 216A-216J are formed in the nozzle body 246 and respectively provide fluid communication between an inlet port 208 and an exit port 250 of the nozzles 212A-212J. Specifically, each flow passage 216A-216J has (i) an inlet, (ii) an outlet, and (iii) an intermediate portion between the inlet and the outlet, the inlet being in fluid communication with a corresponding inlet port in the inlet port 208, the outlet feeding into and in fluid communication with at least one chamber 248 of the corresponding nozzle in the nozzles 212A-212J, the at least one chamber 248 in turn being in fluid communication with at least one exit port 250 associated with the at least one chamber 248. In some cases, the plurality of flow passages provide fluid communication between the same or different inlet ports 208 and the same exit port 250 of one of the nozzles 212A-212J. As an example, each of the multiple flow paths 216A independently (via the chamber 248 of the nozzle 212A) fluidly connects the same inlet port 208 to the outlet port 250 of the nozzle 212A, so that fluid flows independently through the nozzle 212A via multiple different flow paths 216A. Therefore, the nozzle 200 does not need to include the feed chamber included in some known nozzles, thus reducing the footprint of the nozzle 200. However, in other cases, only one flow path may be used to provide fluid communication between one inlet port of the inlet port 208 and the outlet port 250 of one of the nozzles 212A-212J.

[0050] Furthermore, at least some of the flow paths in flow paths 216A-216J have non-uniform or variable cross-sections and different lengths. For example... Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, for example, flow passages 216J (each flow passage 216J provides fluid communication between a corresponding inlet port 208 and an outlet port 250 of nozzle 212J) have non-uniform cross-sections and different lengths from one another. For example, one flow passage of flow passage 216J has a first diameter at portion 254 and a second diameter at portion 258, the second diameter being larger than the first diameter. In turn, these flow passages 216J affect the pressure of the fluid flowing through them in different ways. In most cases, these flow passages 216J will reduce the pressure of the fluid flowing through them at different rates, such that one or more of the flow passages 216J supply fluid to the outlet port 250 of nozzle 212J at a first pressure, and one or more of the flow passages 216J supply fluid to the outlet port 250 of nozzle 212J at a second pressure, the second pressure being different from the first pressure when the inlet of one or more of the flow passages 216J is partially opened. Furthermore, at least some of the flow passages in flow paths 216A-216J have a component parallel to the longitudinal axis 244 and another component perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 244, so that different levels of pressure reduction can be achieved without increasing the footprint of the nozzle 200. In addition, each flow passage in flow paths 216A-216J follows a non-linear path and, in many cases, is a curved path (e.g., a spiral or other free-form path). For example, as... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, each of the flow passages 216G follows a curved path, wherein the inlet of each flow passage is located at a corresponding inlet port 208, which is positioned adjacent to a first end 220 of the body 204. The intermediate portion extends away from the inlet in both the longitudinal and radial directions along the inner wall 238 before curving radially outward toward the chamber 248 of the nozzle 212G and into the outlet positioned adjacent to the second end 224 of the body 204. Meanwhile, each flow passage in flow passages 216A-216J provides a relatively smooth transition from the outlet to the chamber 248 of the corresponding nozzle.

[0051] Figure 6 Another example of a nozzle 400 constructed according to the second disclosed example of the invention is illustrated. The nozzle 400 can replace the nozzle 108 for use with… Figure 1The desuperheater 104 can be used together or combined with other desuperheaters or other flow lines. The nozzle 400 is similar to the nozzle 200 because the nozzle 400 similarly includes a body 404, a plurality of inlet ports 408 formed in the body 404, and a plurality of nozzles 412A-412F formed in the body 404 and having a plurality of flow passages 416A-416F that provide fluid communication between a corresponding inlet port in the inlet port 408 and an exit port 450 of a corresponding flow passage in the flow passages 416A-416F, wherein each of these components is integrally formed with each other to form a single nozzle. However, unlike nozzle 200, nozzle 400 also includes valve seat 418, fluid flow control member 422 and valve stem 426, which operatively couples an actuator (not shown) to fluid flow control member 422 for controlling the position of fluid flow control member 422.

[0052] Valve seat 418 is typically coupled to body 404. In this example, valve seat 418 is integrally formed within body 404 at a location near a first end 430 of body 404. However, in other examples, valve seat 418 may be removably coupled to body 404 and / or positioned at other locations within body 404. Fluid flow control member 422 (in the form of a valve plug in this example) is movably disposed within body 404 relative to valve seat 418 to control fluid flow into nozzle 400. Specifically, fluid flow control member 422 is movable between a first position in which fluid flow control member 422 sealably engages valve seat 418, and in a second position in which fluid flow control member 422 is spaced apart from valve seat 418 and engages travel stop 428 positioned within body 404. It should be understood that in the first position, the fluid flow control member 422 prevents fluid from the fluid source (via the first end 430) from flowing into the nozzle 400, which also prevents the nozzles 412A-412F from discharging fluid into the flow path 102. Conversely, in the second position, the fluid flow control member 422 allows fluid from the fluid source to flow into the nozzle 400, so that the nozzles 412A-412F can instead discharge fluid into the flow path 102.

[0053] It should also be understood that nozzles 412A-412F are positioned at different locations between the first end 430 of the body 404 and the second end 434 of the body 404 opposite to the first end 430. For example... Figure 6As shown, for example, nozzle 412A is positioned closer to the first end 430 than nozzle 412B, and nozzle 412B is positioned closer to the first end 430 than nozzle 412C. As a result of this arrangement, as the fluid flow control member 422 moves between its first and second positions, nozzles 412A-412F are exposed (i.e., open) or blocked (i.e., closed) at different times. Specifically, when the fluid flow control member 422 moves from the first position to the second position, nozzle 412D is exposed, then nozzle 412A, and so on. Fluid will flow into and out of nozzle 412D (via flow passage 416D), then into and out of nozzle 412A (via flow passage 416A), and so on. By sequentially exposing (or blocking) nozzles 412A-412F one after another, nozzle 400 provides a better and more consistent fluid distribution within flow path 102 compared to the fluid distribution provided by known nozzles.

[0054] Figure 7 An example of a nozzle 600 constructed according to a third example of the present invention is illustrated. The nozzle 600 can be used in nozzles 200, 400, and 900. Figure 9 Or in another nozzle. The nozzle 600 in this example includes a nozzle body 602, a plurality of flow passages 612A-612D formed in the nozzle body 602, a single chamber 648 similar to chamber 248 formed in the nozzle body 602, and an exit port 650 formed in the nozzle body 602. The nozzle body 602 has a generally cylindrical shape defined by a cylindrical portion 603 and a truncated conical portion 605 extending outward from the cylindrical portion 603. The plurality of flow passages 612A-612D are similar to the flow passages described above because each of the flow passages 612A-612D follows a non-linear path defined by an inlet 614, an outlet 616, and an intermediate portion 618 disposed between the inlet 614 and the outlet 616. In this example, the inlet 614 is disposed outside the nozzle body 602 such that the inlet 614 is arranged immediately adjacent to and in fluid communication with the corresponding inlet port. Meanwhile, outlet 616 is located within nozzle body 602 and is adjacent to and in fluid communication with a single chamber 648, which in turn is in fluid communication with exit port 650. Therefore, each flow path in flow paths 612A-612D is configured to provide fluid communication between a corresponding inlet port and exit port 650.

[0055] like Figure 7As shown, flow passage 612A follows a nonlinear path with a first distance, and flow passage 612B follows a nonlinear path with a second distance different from the first distance. Therefore, flow passage 612A supplies fluid to chamber 648 at a first pressure, and flow passage 612B supplies fluid to chamber 648 at a second pressure (which differs from the first pressure when the inlet of flow passage 612B is partially opened). Similarly, flow passage 612C follows a nonlinear path with a third distance, and flow passage 612D follows a nonlinear path with a fourth distance different from the third distance. Therefore, flow passage 612C supplies fluid to chamber 648 at a third pressure, and flow passage 612D supplies fluid to chamber 648 at a fourth pressure (which may differ from the third pressure when the inlet of flow passage 612D is partially opened). The third pressure may be equal to or different from the first and second pressures, depending on whether the flow passage is fully or partially open. Likewise, the fourth pressure may be equal to or different from the first and second pressures, depending on whether the flow passage is fully or partially open.

[0056] Figure 8Another example of a nozzle 700 constructed according to the fourth disclosed example of the invention is illustrated. The nozzle 700 is similar to the nozzle 600, with common components depicted using common reference numerals, but differs in several aspects. First, the nozzle 700 includes additional and differently arranged flow paths 712A-712L, each of which follows a non-linear path. However, as shown, the non-linear paths followed by flow paths 712A-712C have different distances from the non-linear paths followed by flow paths 712D-712F, and the non-linear paths followed by flow paths 712G-712I have different distances from the non-linear paths followed by flow paths 712J-712L. Second, although each of the flow paths 712A-712L has an inlet located outside the nozzle body 602, the inlets of flow paths 712D-712I terminate at a different location than the inlets of the other flow paths 712A-712C and 712J-712L. More specifically, the inlets of flow paths 712D-712I are located further outward from the nozzle body 602 than the inlets of other flow paths 712A-712C and 712J-712L. Third, the nozzle 700 has two chambers instead of a single chamber (as is present in the nozzle 600). Specifically, the nozzle 700 has a first chamber 748 and a second chamber 750, the second chamber 750 being different from but in fluid communication with the first chamber 748. In this example, the first chamber 748 and the second chamber 750 are formed in the nozzle body 602 such that the first chamber 748 and the second chamber 750 are coaxial with each other, and the second chamber 750 is concentrically arranged within the first chamber 748. However, in other examples, the first chamber 748 and the second chamber 750 may be arranged differently. As an example, the second chamber 750 does not need to be concentrically arranged within the first chamber 748. The first chamber 748 is similar to chamber 648 because it terminates at and is in fluid communication with exit port 650. The first chamber 748 is also fluidly connected to the outlets of flow paths 712A-712C and 712J-712L, such that fluid flowing through these flow paths is directed into the first chamber 748 and ultimately to exit port 650. Simultaneously, the second chamber 750 is fluidly connected to the outlets of flow paths 712D-712I, such that fluid flowing through these flow paths is directed into the second chamber 750, then into the first chamber 748, and finally to exit port 650.

[0057] Figure 9This is a flowchart depicting an exemplary method 800 for manufacturing a nozzle (e.g., nozzle 200, nozzle 400) in accordance with the teachings of this disclosure. In this example, method 800 includes creating a nozzle (box 804) for a desuperheater (e.g., desuperheater 104) using additive manufacturing techniques. Without a specific order, the actions of creating the nozzle include, but are not limited to: (1) forming a body of the nozzle (e.g., body 204) (box 808) having an outer surface (e.g., outer wall 237) and defining a central passage (e.g., a channel) extending along a longitudinal axis (e.g., longitudinal axis 244), the body being adapted to connect to a fluid source (box 808); (2) forming at least one inlet port (e.g., inlet port 208) in the body along the central passage (box 812); and (3) forming at least one nozzle (e.g., nozzles 212A-212J) (box 816) arranged adjacent to the outer surface of the body, the nozzle having at least one outlet port (e.g., outlet port 250) and a plurality of flow channels (e.g., flow channels 216A-216J) providing fluid communication between the inlet port and the outlet port of the nozzle, wherein a first flow channel of the plurality of flow channels follows a first nonlinear path and has a first distance, and wherein a second flow channel of the plurality of flow channels follows a second nonlinear path and has a second distance different from the first distance. As used herein, the term additive manufacturing technology refers to any additive manufacturing technique or process that constructs a three-dimensional object by adding successive layers of material onto a material (e.g., a build platform). Additive manufacturing technology can be performed by any suitable machine or combination of machines. Additive manufacturing technology can generally involve or utilize computers, three-dimensional modeling software (e.g., computer-aided design, or CAD software), machine tools, and layered materials. Once a CAD model is generated, the machine tool can read data from the CAD file (e.g., a build file) and, for example, laminate or add successive layers of liquid, powder, or sheet material in a stacked manner to create a three-dimensional object. Additive manufacturing technology can include any of several techniques or processes, such as, for example, stereolithography (“SLA”), fused deposition modeling (“FDM”), multi-jet modeling (“MJM”), selective laser sintering or selective laser melting (“SLS” or “SLM”, respectively), electron beam additive manufacturing, and arc welding additive manufacturing. In some embodiments, the additive manufacturing process can include a directed energy laser deposition process. This directed energy laser deposition process can be performed by a multi-axis computer numerical control (“CNC”) lathe with directed energy laser deposition capabilities.

[0058] Figure 10 An isometric cross-sectional view is shown of another example of a nozzle 900 for a desuperheater constructed according to the fifth disclosed example of the present invention. Nozzle 900 may replace nozzle 108. Figure 1 It can be used together with the desuperheater 104, or in combination with other desuperheaters or other flow lines.

[0059] In the illustrated example, the nozzle 900 includes a body 902 and a plurality of nozzles 903. The body 902 includes a first end portion 904 and a second end portion 906. The body 902 also includes an outer portion 908 and an inner portion 910. The inner portion 910 defines an internal passage 912 extending between the first end portion 904 and the second end portion 906. The inner portion 910 also includes an inner surface 913. The internal passage 912 may be adapted to connect to a fluid source. In the illustrated example, a plurality of inlet ports 914 are formed through the inner portion 910 and connected to the internal passage 912. The inner surface 913 includes the inlet ports 914.

[0060] Each of the nozzles 903 has a corresponding exit port 915. At least some of the inlet ports 914 are formed by an outer portion 908. In the illustrated example, the outer portion 908 has an irregular shape. For example, the cross-section of the body 902 between the first end portion 904 and the second end portion 906 is not uniform. A plurality of flow passages 916 are also provided. Each flow passage 916 is coupled between one of the inlet ports 914 and a corresponding exit port 915 of the corresponding nozzle 903. Thus, the flow passage 916 extends between the inner surface 913 and the outer portion 908. The flow passage 916 is adapted to allow fluid to flow from the inner passage 912 to the nozzle 903. In the illustrated example, the inlet ports 914 do not overlap. As a result, one inlet port 914 can allow fluid to flow to one exit port at a time, providing enhanced fluid control.

[0061] In the example shown, the body 902, nozzle 903, and flow passage 916 are integrally formed. Additive manufacturing techniques can be used to form the nozzle 900. If additive manufacturing is used to produce the nozzle 900, the flow passage 916 can be used as a support structure for the internal passage 912 during the formation of the nozzle 900. Using the flow passage 916 as a support structure can reduce the weight, build time, and manufacturing cost of the nozzle 900 compared to using conventional support structure techniques. If the flow passage 916 is not used as a support structure, an additional support structure can be provided during the additive manufacturing process, which can be removed after the manufacturing process. Other manufacturing techniques may prove suitable. Forming the nozzle 900 from more than one subsequently coupled component may prove suitable.

[0062] In the illustrated example, a lobe 918 is provided on the outer portion 908 between at least some of the nozzles 903. The nozzles 903 are shown as being supported by outwardly extending protrusions 919. The outer portions 908 (specifically, the lobe 918 / nozzle 903 and the protrusions 919) can be adapted to accommodate the flow through Figure 1 Turbulence is induced within the steam flow path 102. The external portion 908 also prevents the eigenfrequency of the nozzle 900 from being reached. If the eigenfrequency is reached, for example, in high-speed flow, the structural integrity of the nozzle 900 may be compromised.

[0063] When fluid is ejected from nozzle 903, the fluid is ejected in a turbulent flow. Advantageously, ejecting the fluid in a turbulent flow can reduce the droplet size of the ejected fluid. Ejecting fluid from nozzle 903 can also generate turbulence within the flow path 102 and can allow the ejected fluid to evaporate more quickly. By evaporating the ejected fluid more quickly, the likelihood of the ejected fluid depositing on the inner surface of the flow path 102 is reduced. If fluid does deposit on the inner surface of the flow path 102, corrosion can form thereon. Conventionally, an expensive protective layer is provided on the inner surface of the flow path 102 to prevent corrosion. Since the ejected fluid is less likely to deposit on the inner surface of the flow path 102, the thickness of the expensive protective layer on the inner surface of the flow path 102 can be reduced.

[0064] Turbulence within the steam allows the fluid ejected from nozzle 903 to have relative motion / velocity with respect to the steam in flow path 102. This relative motion between the ejected fluid and the steam allows the ejected fluid to evaporate more quickly. If the flow within flow path 102 is not turbulent, the ejected droplets may be accelerated due to their light weight, relative motion may not occur, and the fluid may evaporate more slowly.

[0065] Injecting fluid into turbulence can also promote greater mixing of the injected fluid with steam and cause the injected fluid to evaporate more quickly. In addition, injecting fluid into turbulence can promote a more uniform distribution of the injected fluid (e.g., droplets) within the flow path 102.

[0066] To control the fluid entering the inlet port 914, a fluid flow control component (such as fluid flow control component 422) can be movably disposed within the internal passage 912. In the example, as the fluid control component moves generally in the direction indicated by arrow 919, the inlet port 914 can be sequentially exposed to allow fluid to flow through the flow passage 916 and to the corresponding nozzle 903.

[0067] In the example shown, each exit port 915 has an exit axis 920. At least some of the exit axes 920 are not perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 922 of the internal passage 912. Some of the exit ports 915 may face upward, downward, left, right, etc. Other orientations may prove suitable.

[0068] Injecting fluid in different directions can distribute the fluid (e.g., droplets) in a manner that allows for increased efficiency of the evaporation process. Injecting fluid in different directions can generate turbulence in the flow within the flow path 102 and / or can promote a reduction in the size of the ejected droplets. Other arrangements of the exit port 915 and / or nozzles 903 may prove suitable. For example, at least one of the exit axes 920 may be substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis 922 of the internal passage 912, thereby allowing some nozzles 903 positioned at the bottom of the nozzle 900 to face downwards with their corresponding exit ports 915 (see...). Figure 12 ).

[0069] The main body 902 includes an upstream side 924 and a downstream side 926. The upstream side 924 of the main body 902 can be oriented in the opposite direction to the flow of steam within the flow path 102. The downstream side 926 of the main body 902 can be oriented in the direction of the steam flow within the flow path 102. Other orientations of the nozzle 900 within the flow path 102 can prove suitable. In the example shown, most of the nozzles 903 are located near the downstream side 926.

[0070] In the example shown, the internal passage 912 is positioned closer to the upstream side 924 of the body 902 than the downstream side 926 of the body 902. This offset direction of the internal passage 912 (closer to the upstream side 924) allows steam to impinge on the curved upstream surface 928 of the body 902 on the downstream side 926 before encountering the outer portion 908 of the body 902. The curved upstream surface 928 is adjacent to the outer portion 908.

[0071] At least some of the inlet ports 914 are located on the upstream side 924 of the body 902. Flow passages 916 are coupled between the upstream inlet ports 914 and one or more of the downstream nozzles 903. One or more of the flow passages 916 can extend from the upstream inlet ports 914 to the downstream nozzles 903 around the inner portion 910. Providing an upstream inlet port 914 to the nozzle 900 allows the nozzle 900 to include more nozzles 903 compared to if the inlet port were only included on the downstream side 926 of the nozzle 900. The inlet ports 914 can be positioned 360° around the inner portion 910.

[0072] One or more of the inlet ports 914 may be positioned adjacent to the first end portion 904 of the body 902, and the corresponding nozzle 903 may be positioned adjacent to the second end portion 906 of the body 902. Therefore, one or more inlet ports 914 may be closer to the first end portion 904 of the body 902 than the second end portion 906, and the corresponding nozzle 903 may be positioned closer to the second end portion 906 of the body 902 than the first end portion 904. At least some of the internal passages 912 in the flow passages 916, relative to the internal portion 910, extend between the inlet ports 914 closer to the first end portion 904 and the nozzles 903 closer to the second end portion 906.

[0073] The body 902 includes an outer wall 930, which includes an outer portion 908. The outer wall 930 may be referred to as an outer wall. The outer wall 930 surrounds an inner portion 910 on an upstream side 924 of the body 902. One or more flow passages 916 are located between the outer wall 930 and the inner portion 910.

[0074] The outer wall 930 is spaced apart from the inner portion 910. This spacing allows the outer wall 930 to be thinner. A thinner outer wall 930 allows for a relatively constant temperature. Furthermore, separating the outer wall 930 from the inner portion 910 allows for effective decoupling of most of the outer wall 930 from the inner portion 910. This decoupling also allows for a relatively constant temperature of the outer wall 930. A thinner outer wall 930 can improve the quality of the nozzle 900 and reduce the stress applied to the nozzle 900 during use. As an example, a thinner outer wall 930 allows for additive manufacturing processes, during which a smaller molten pool can be used and the risk of cracking of the outer wall 930 can be reduced.

[0075] In the illustrated example, an internal space 932 is formed between the outer wall 930 and the internal portion 910. The internal space 932 may include a hollow portion. The internal space 932 can allow the temperature of the outer wall 930 to remain relatively constant. Providing an internal space 932 (and specifically, a hollow portion) for the nozzle 900 can reduce manufacturing time and cost. Furthermore, providing a hollow portion for the nozzle 900 can reduce the weight of the nozzle 900.

[0076] Flow passages 916 are located within the internal space 932. Some of the flow passages 916 employ non-linear / cyclonic paths. Compared to a case where flow passages 916 extend radially perpendicularly from the longitudinal axis 922 of the internal passage 912, the paths adopted by the flow passages 916 allow for the supply of more nozzles 903 to more flow passages 916. The shapes of the internal space 932 and the external wall 930 can provide additional space within the nozzle 900 to guide the flow passages 916. As a result, the nozzle 900 can include a greater number of nozzles 903 compared to a conventional nozzle.

[0077] The outer wall 930 may include a through-hole 934. The through-hole can fluidly couple the internal space 932 to the external environment. The through-hole 934 can be used to remove three-dimensional (3-D) materials (e.g., powder) from within the nozzle 900. The through-hole 934 can also be used to allow pressure equalization within the nozzle 900, for example, as the fluid flow control member 422 moves within the internal passage 912.

[0078] Support 936 may be coupled between the inner portion 910 and the inner surface 938 of the outer wall 930. Support 936 may reinforce the body 902 and enhance the coupling between the inner portion 910 and the outer wall 930. Support 936 may be provided between the inner portion 910 and one or more of the flow passages 916.

[0079] One or more of the nozzles 903 may have a different size than the other nozzles 903. For example, some of the nozzles 903 may be larger, while some may be smaller. The larger nozzle 903 may have a larger diameter than the smaller nozzle 903. The larger nozzle 903 may be configured to discharge a larger volume of fluid, and the smaller nozzle 903 may be configured to discharge a smaller volume of fluid. The exit port 915 of the larger nozzle 903 may be positioned to spray directly into a higher turbulence region of the flow line 102 to allow the sprayed fluid to evaporate more quickly. The larger nozzle 903 may be pointed in a different direction to allow for better droplet distribution. The smaller nozzle 903 may be pointed in a different direction to promote droplet distribution. Other orientations of the nozzles 903 may prove suitable.

[0080] The inlet port 914 coupled to the larger nozzle 903 can be positioned closer to the second end portion 906, and the smaller nozzle 903 can be positioned closer to the first end portion 904. Therefore, when the fluid flow control member 422 is positioned closer to the first end portion 904, fluid can be supplied to the smaller nozzle 903 via the corresponding inlet port 914, and when the fluid flow control member 422 is positioned closer to the second end portion 906, fluid can be supplied to both the smaller and larger nozzles 903 via the corresponding inlet ports 914. Other positions of the inlet port 914 may prove suitable.

[0081] When a large volume of fluid is typically used from nozzle 900, a larger nozzle 903 can be used during the startup process. When a smaller or more precise / controlled volume of fluid is typically used from nozzle 900, a smaller nozzle 903 can be used during normal operation. In some conventional systems, multiple nozzles may be provided, with one nozzle including a larger nozzle and another including a smaller nozzle. This conventional approach increases cost because it requires at least one additional nozzle. Therefore, the disclosed example allows a single nozzle 900 to be used for both startup and normal operation.

[0082] Figure 11 It shows Figure 10 An isometric view of the nozzle 900. In the example shown, the exit axis 920 and exit port 915 of the nozzle 903 are not parallel to a reference radius 940 protruding from the longitudinal axis 922. The angle between the exit axis 920 and the longitudinal axis 922 can be different. The orientation of the exit axis 920 can promote turbulence within the flow, adequate mixing of the ejected fluid within the flow, and / or an increase in the evaporation rate of the ejected fluid. The nozzle 900 can be provided with any number of nozzles 903. For example, the nozzle 900 may include fifteen nozzles. Another number of nozzles 903 may prove suitable.

[0083] Figure 12 It shows Figure 10The diagram shows an equidistant cross-sectional view and negative space within the nozzle 900. The negative space illustrates the inlet port 914, flow passages 916, and corresponding nozzles 903. The inlet port 914 can be positioned based on the relative position of the fluid flow control member 422 within the internal passage 912 to allow different nozzles 903 to be supplied with water. The inlet port 914 can be positioned 360° around the internal passage 912. The flow passages 916 can be routed freely between the inlet port 914 and the nozzles 903 to save space. For example, one or more of the flow passages 916 can be routed around the internal portion 910 and / or in a manner that allows the nozzles 903 to be in different positions.

[0084] Based on the foregoing, it will be understood that the disclosed apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture, when used with nozzles in conjunction with desuperheaters, can be custom-produced using advanced manufacturing techniques such as additive manufacturing, as individual components that meet customer-specific designs with less process effort (e.g., eliminating the need for brazing and other traditional, time-consuming manufacturing techniques) and lower cost compared to certain known nozzles. For example, the nozzles disclosed herein can be manufactured as nozzles comprising any number of custom flow paths with any number of different complex geometries, which reduce the nozzle's footprint (or at least reduce the amount of space used by the flow paths), reduce leakage, improve the quality of the discharged atomized fluid (e.g., spray water), and improve the nozzle's controllability. As an example, the nozzle can be manufactured as including flow paths with non-uniform cross-sections, thereby reducing pressure loss as the fluid to be atomized flows from the body of the nozzle and exits through the flow paths via the nozzle(s) of the nozzle(s). As another example, the nozzle can be manufactured as having independently controlled inlets and one or more chambers (which may be independent of each other). As a result of providing independent inlets, when the inlets are not fully open (i.e., the inlets are only “partially open”), the pressure of each inlet can be independently controlled based on, for example, the geometry (e.g., cross-section) of different flow paths. In other words, the flow characteristics of the fluid flowing through the inlets can be similar or different from each other depending on how the flow paths are constructed. For example, a first flow path in the flow path can have a geometry that supplies fluid to the nozzle exit port at a first pressure, and a second flow path in the flow path can be configured to supply fluid to the nozzle exit port at a second pressure (which can be different from the first pressure when one of the nozzle inlets is partially open).

[0085] Furthermore, although several examples have been disclosed herein, any feature from any example may be combined with or replaced by other features from other examples. Moreover, although several examples have been disclosed herein, changes may be made to the disclosed examples without departing from the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A nozzle for a desuperheater, comprising: A body having a first end portion arranged for attachment to a flow path, a second end portion spaced away from the first end portion, an inner surface, an outer surface, and an internal passage defined by the inner surface; The internal passage is arranged for connection to a fluid source, and the inner surface has multiple inlet ports; A plurality of nozzles, each of the plurality of nozzles including at least one exit port and at least one cavity in fluid communication with the at least one exit port, each cavity having the form of a vortex chamber defined by the conical surface of the nozzle; Multiple flow paths extend between the inner surface and the outer portion of the body, each of the multiple flow paths fluidly coupling a corresponding inlet port of the multiple inlet ports to a corresponding outlet port of the corresponding nozzle of the multiple nozzles; Multiple outwardly extending protrusions are integrally formed with the body, and these protrusions extend away from the longitudinal axis of the body; and Each of the nozzles is supported by a protrusion in an outwardly extending protrusion.

2. The nozzle according to claim 1, wherein, The first exit port of the exit ports is oriented along a first axis and at a first angle relative to the longitudinal axis, and the second exit port of the exit ports is oriented along a second axis at an angle relative to the first axis and at a second angle relative to the longitudinal axis, the first angle and the second angle being different from each other.

3. The nozzle according to claim 1, wherein, The first exit port of the exit ports is oriented along the first axis and parallel to the longitudinal axis.

4. The nozzle according to claim 1, wherein, The main body includes an upstream side and a downstream side, wherein most of the nozzles are disposed adjacent to the downstream side.

5. The nozzle according to claim 4, wherein, At least some of the entry ports are located adjacent to the upstream side.

6. The nozzle according to claim 1, wherein, The main body includes an upstream side and a downstream side, wherein a first entry port of the entry ports is adjacent to the upstream side, and a corresponding exit port is adjacent to the downstream side.

7. The nozzle according to claim 1, wherein, The inlet port is located near the first end portion, and the corresponding nozzle is located near the second end portion.

8. The nozzle according to claim 1, wherein, The outer portion surrounds the inner passage, and the flow passage is disposed between the outer portion and the inner passage.

9. The nozzle according to claim 1, wherein, The interior space is formed by the exterior portion, and the flow passage is located within the interior space.

10. The nozzle according to claim 9, wherein, The external portion defines a through-hole that fluidly couples the internal space to the external environment.

11. The nozzle of claim 1, further comprising a support member coupled between the internal passage and the inner surface of the external portion.

12. The nozzle according to claim 1, in, The outer portion of the main body has an irregularly shaped exit port.

13. The nozzle according to claim 12, wherein, The main body has an upstream side and a downstream side, and the inlet port is located on the upstream side of the main body.

14. The nozzle according to claim 13, wherein, Most of the nozzles are located adjacent to the downstream side.

15. The nozzle according to claim 12, wherein, The main body, the nozzle, and the flow passage are integrally formed.

16. The nozzle according to claim 12, wherein, The body has a curved upstream surface that is adjacent to the outer portion having the irregular external shape.

17. The nozzle according to claim 12, wherein, The external portion includes the outer wall.

18. A nozzle for a desuperheater, comprising: The body has a first end portion arranged for attachment to a flow path, a second end portion spaced away from the first end portion, an inner surface, and an internal passage defined by the inner surface, the inner surface having a plurality of inlet ports; The body includes an outer portion and includes a plurality of nozzles, each of the plurality of nozzles including an exit port; as well as Multiple flow paths extend between the inner surface and the outer portion, each of the multiple flow paths fluidly coupling a corresponding inlet port of the multiple inlet ports to a corresponding outlet port of the corresponding nozzle of the multiple nozzles; Each of the nozzles is supported by an outwardly extending protrusion that extends away from the longitudinal axis of the body; and Wherein, the first nozzle of the nozzle, which is adapted to eject a first volume of fluid, is positioned closer to the second end portion, and the second nozzle of the nozzle, which is adapted to eject a second volume of fluid, is positioned closer to the first end portion, wherein the first volume is larger than the second volume.

19. A manufacturing method, comprising: The nozzle for the desuperheater is created using additive manufacturing technology, the creation comprising: A body is formed having a first end portion arranged for attachment to a flow path, a second end portion spaced apart from the first end portion, and an internal passage arranged for connection to a fluid source. The internal passage is formed, the internal passage including an inner surface having a plurality of entry ports; The body comprises an external portion and a plurality of nozzles, each of the plurality of nozzles including an exit port; and Multiple flow paths are formed, extending between the inner surface and the outer portion, each of the multiple flow paths fluidly coupling a corresponding inlet port of the multiple inlet ports to a corresponding outlet port of the multiple nozzles; and Each of the nozzles is supported by an outwardly extending protrusion that extends away from the longitudinal axis of the body.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein, The first exit port of the exit ports is oriented along a first axis and at a first angle relative to the longitudinal axis, and the second exit port of the exit ports is oriented along a second axis at an angle relative to the first axis and at a second angle relative to the longitudinal axis, the first angle and the second angle being different from each other.

Images