Food composition containing ginsenoside oligoglycosides using hydroponic ginseng leaves

Abstract

The present invention relates to a food composition containing ginsenoside oligosaccharides using hydroponic ginseng leaves, and more particularly, to a method for preparing a ginseng leaf concentrate having an increased content of ginsenoside oligosaccharides by steaming the hydroponic ginseng leaves, and to the ginseng leaf concentrate and food composition prepared thereby.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a food composition containing ginsenoside oligosaccharides using hydroponic ginseng leaves, and more particularly, to a method for preparing a ginseng leaf concentrate having an increased content of ginsenoside oligosaccharides by steaming the hydroponic ginseng leaves, and to the ginseng leaf concentrate and food composition prepared thereby. Background Art

[0002] Ginseng (Panax ginseng CAMeyer) is known as a very high-performance medicinal crop and is being actively cultivated in Korea. Ginseng production has been growing over the past few decades with the development of farming techniques such as the application of fertilizers and pesticides. In terms of business, ginseng roots are considered the main trading part, while ginseng leaves are often discarded during the harvesting process of ginseng roots because they are considered a by-product.

[0003] Ginsenoside is a triterpene saponin in ginseng. Ginsenoside is a type of compound called glycoside in chemistry. It exists in the root, stem, leaf, bark, seed, etc. of ginseng. It was previously considered a non-nutritional substance, but recently it has shown anti-cancer, antioxidant, and cholesterol-lowering effects and has begun to attract attention as a physiologically active substance.

[0004] In Korean medicine, ginseng has been used as a cardiotonic or diuretic. Among the various active ingredients of ginseng, saponins play the main pharmacological role. Ginsenosides have a unique chemical structure different from saponins found in other plants and have unique pharmacological effects. Therefore, they are called "ginsenosides" as the meaning of glycosides of ginseng.

[0005] Recently, various studies have revealed that ginsenosides are also contained in ginseng leaves, and in order to use purified ginsenosides present in leaves, comparative studies with ginsenosides in roots are being conducted.

[0006] Specific ginsenosides are also purified from the discarded leaves, so economic products for use as health foods and even pharmaceuticals can be expected. Ginsenosides can be divided into triterpene types such as protopanaxadiol (PPD) and protopanaxatriol (PPT) aglycon forms and oleanolic acid types. Ginsenosides that form aglycon containing glycosides can be converted into other forms of ginsenosides by releasing the glycosides. This conversion can be caused by heat, acid decomposition, and enzyme treatment.

[0007] It is known that the crude saponin content of ginseng leaves is 19.58%, which is higher than that of stems (2.38%) or roots (4.78%), and the ginsenoside content of ginseng leaves is 10.84%, which is higher than that of stems (0.64%) and roots (2.37%) (Korean J. Ginseng Sci. 11 (2). 118-112, 1987). In addition, ginsenosides exist in various forms and show different effects, so they have always been the main target of research.

[0008] Rb1: Participates in embryonic development, DNA (RNA-lipid synthesis, promotion) of bone marrow cells, affects the reproductive system by promoting the production of sex hormones

[0009] Rc: analgesic effect, promoting protein and lipid synthesis

[0010] Rb2: Anti-diabetic effect, immunomodulatory effect, cholesterol metabolism

[0011] Rb3: Physiologically active

[0012] Rd: Promotes the secretion of adrenal cortex hormone

[0013] Rg3: Inhibits cancer cell metastasis, platelet aggregation, and anticancer drug resistance

[0014] Rh2: inhibit cancer cell proliferation, inhibit tumor proliferation, skin immune effect

[0015] According to many studies reported so far, it is known that in the process of processing and using plants, the intrinsic functional substances are converted into other substances or the dissolution content changes when dissolving due to drying conditions. The research activity of ginsenoside analysis of ginseng leaves is far less than that of roots, and in particular, there are not many examples of research on the effects of processing such as heat treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to try to utilize the useful components of ginseng leaves. So far, it is true that there is no traditional technology to change the functionality of herbs such as ginseng leaves by using steaming.

[0016] In this context, the present inventors have continued their research to increase the content of ginsenoside oligoglycosides, and have confirmed that when hydroponic ginseng leaves are used for steaming, the content of ginsenoside oligoglycosides increases, and a ginseng leaf concentrate containing the same can be prepared, thereby completing the present invention.

[0017] [Prior art literature]

[0018] [Patent Document]

[0019] (Patent Document 1) Korean Patent 10-0325778 Summary of the invention

[0020] Technical issues

[0021] An object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a ginseng leaf concentrate having an increased ginsenoside 1 glycoside content, comprising the steps of steaming hydroponic ginseng leaves from which water has been removed; drying and crushing the steamed ginseng leaves; and extracting and concentrating the dried and crushed ginseng leaves.

[0022] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing the content of ginsenoside 1 glycoside when preparing ginseng leaf concentrate, comprising the steps of steaming hydroponic ginseng leaves from which water has been removed; drying and crushing the steamed ginseng leaves; and extracting and concentrating the dried and crushed ginseng leaves.

[0023] Another object of the present invention is to provide a ginseng leaf concentrate prepared by the above preparation method.

[0024] Problem Solving Methods

[0025] The specific description is as follows. On the other hand, the respective descriptions and embodiments disclosed in the present invention may also be applicable to the respective other descriptions and embodiments. That is, all combinations of the various elements disclosed in the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention. In addition, it is not considered that the scope of the present invention is limited by the specific descriptions recorded below.

[0026] As one aspect of achieving the above-mentioned purpose, a method for preparing a ginseng leaf concentrate with increased ginsenoside 1 glycoside content is provided, comprising the steps of steaming hydroponic ginseng leaves from which water has been removed, drying and crushing the steamed ginseng leaves, and extracting and concentrating the dried and crushed ginseng leaves.

[0027] As another aspect to achieve the above-mentioned object, a method for increasing the content of ginsenoside 1 glycoside when preparing ginseng leaf concentrate is provided, comprising the steps of steaming hydroponic ginseng leaves from which water has been removed, drying and crushing the steamed ginseng leaves, and extracting and concentrating the dried and crushed ginseng leaves.

[0028] As another aspect to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a ginseng leaf concentrate prepared by the above preparation method.

[0029] Specifically, the present invention provides a ginseng leaf concentrate having an increased content of ginsenoside oligoglycosides (monoglycosides), and the ginseng leaf concentrate can be provided as a food composition for skin whitening and dark spot improvement.

[0030] Ginseng is a medicinal plant that grows naturally only in the Far East of Asia. It has excellent strengthening effects and contains medicinal ingredients called saponins, which have anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, whitening, cholesterol-lowering effects and therapeutic effects on various diseases. Generally, ginseng is cultivated in the open field for more than 4 years, and 4-year-old roots and 6-year-old roots are mostly used. However, this open-field cultivation method has the following disadvantages: it takes a long time and there are space limitations. Therefore, the present invention uses a method of cultivating ginseng in a culture solution made of water and water-soluble nutrients, that is, hydroponic cultivation.

[0031] Ginseng grown through hydroponic cultivation does not contain harmful substances such as pesticides, so not only the roots but also all parts such as leaves and stems can be used. In addition, hydroponic ginseng leaves can achieve a higher ginsenoside content than ginseng leaves grown in the open field.

[0032] Ginsenoside refers to the saponin contained in ginseng. Saponin is derived from the Latin word Sapo (soap). It is a natural surfactant that produces persistent foam after shaking in water. It is a general term for triterpenes and steroid glycosides that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. It has a chemical structure similar to cholesterol, so it inhibits the absorption of cholesterol and also helps to excrete it. If animal foods such as meat are consumed for a long time, lipid peroxides similar to oxidized fat blocks will be produced in the body, which is one of the carcinogenic factors. Ginsenosides can break down lipid peroxides, cut off the root of cancer, prevent free radicals from damaging cells, and inhibit mutations, thereby reducing the probability of colon cancer in particular. In addition, reducing the energy accumulated in body fat is one of its inherent functions. According to animal experiments, it even has the function of fundamentally improving obesity.

[0033] In addition, in order to ingest the medicinal components of ginseng, it is usually processed into a form of medicine or health food, but existing ginseng beverages and foods only use ginseng roots and rarely use ginseng leaves and stems. However, since ginseng leaves and stems contain a large amount of ginsenoside components, the present invention uses ginseng leaves.

[0034] In addition, the ginseng leaf used in the present invention may be Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) or American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), but is not limited thereto.

[0035] In the present invention, the hydroponic cultivated ginseng leaves may preferably be 1 to 3 years old.

[0036] The term "glycoside" of the present invention, as one of the components widely distributed in the plant kingdom, refers to a general term for substances that are decomposed into a sugar part and a non-sugar part called aglycone or ligand under the action of acid, alkali or appropriate hydrolase, and when ginsenoside is absorbed by the body, the glycoside is released and absorbed as oligoglycoside, and by increasing the oligoglycoside, the absorption rate in the body can be increased.

[0037] In the present invention, the steaming refers to ripening by steaming. Specifically, in the present invention, a steaming treatment step can be performed to increase the content of the desired ginsenoside oligoglycosides. In the present invention, the steaming treatment step is not limited thereto, but can be performed for more than 4 hours, specifically, it can be preferably performed for 4 to 6 hours, and more specifically, it can be performed for 5 hours.

[0038] If the steaming step is less than 4 hours, the effect of increasing the ginsenoside content may be slightly smaller.

[0039] In addition, the steaming process is not limited thereto, but may be performed at 90° C. to 110° C., specifically, at 95° C. to 105° C. In one embodiment of the present invention, the steaming process is performed at 98° C.

[0040] In the present invention, the drying step is not limited thereto, but the ginseng leaves may preferably be dried at 50° C. to 70° C. for 10 to 100 hours to reduce the moisture content of the ginseng leaves to 15% to 1%.

[0041] Specifically, it is more preferable to dry the ginseng leaves in a drying oven at 60° C. for 12 hours until the moisture content of the ginseng leaves reaches 15%.

[0042] The drying time may vary depending on the drying temperature and other conditions, and preferably, the ginseng leaves may be dried until the moisture content is 15% or less.

[0043] In the present invention, the above-mentioned extraction and concentration step is not limited thereto, but extraction can be preferably performed by adding alcohol.

[0044] The concentration of the above alcohol is not limited thereto, but may be 60% to 80%.

[0045] The extraction step is not limited thereto, but the extraction may preferably be performed for 7 to 9 hours.

[0046] The step of concentrating under reduced pressure is not limited thereto, but the concentrate may be concentrated to 65% to 90% Brix.

[0047] The above-mentioned ginsenoside oligoglycoside is not limited thereto, but may be ginsenoside 1 glycoside, specifically, may be those including ginsenoside F1, compound K, Rh2, Rh3 and / or Rk2.

[0048] Compared with dried red ginseng, red ginseng concentrate, dried ginseng leaves, dried ginseng stems, steamed red ginseng, and steamed ginseng stems, the ginseng leaf concentrate prepared by the preparation method of the present invention can achieve an increase in the content of ginsenoside oligosaccharides.

[0049] The ginseng leaf concentrate of the present invention suppresses skin darkening by increasing the content of ginsenoside oligoglycosides, and can be provided as a food composition for skin whitening and dark spot improvement.

[0050] The above-mentioned food composition can contain not only the ginseng leaf concentrate of the present invention, but also various nutrients, vitamins, electrolytes, flavoring agents, coloring agents, sweeteners, acidulants, pectin acid and its salts, alginic acid and its salts, organic acids, protective colloid thickeners, pH regulators, stabilizers, preservatives, glycerin, carbonating agents for alcoholic carbonated beverages, etc.

[0051] All ingredients of the food composition, including ginseng leaf concentrate, preferably do not exceed the maximum usage values ​​specified in the Food Guidelines (Korean regulations), Food Additive Guidelines (Korean regulations), Health Functional Food Guidelines (Korean regulations), Chinese Hygiene Standards (Chinese regulations), etc.

[0052] Effects of the Invention

[0053] The present invention can provide a ginseng leaf concentrate having an increased content of ginsenoside oligosaccharides. In addition, the ginseng leaf concentrate of the present invention, which is obtained by steaming hydroponically grown ginseng leaves, can be provided as a food composition for skin whitening or dark spot improvement. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples. These examples are intended to more specifically describe the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0055] Preparation Example: Preparation of Hydroponic Ginseng Leaf Concentrate

[0056] Fresh green leaves are selected and prepared by collecting 1-3 year old ginseng leaves grown hydroponically. The ginseng leaves are washed and dehydrated, and then steamed at 98°C for 5 hours by an autoclave. After steaming, the leaves are dried in a drying oven at 60°C for more than 12 hours to make the moisture content of the leaves less than 15%. The dried ginseng leaves are crushed using a blender and stored at room temperature. 70% alcohol (alcohol) is added 8 times and the crushed ginseng leaves are circulated and extracted for 8 hours, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to a Brix of more than 65%, thereby obtaining a concentrate.

[0057] The same method is also applied to red ginseng and ginseng stems to prepare a concentrate.

[0058] Example 1: Analysis of the glycoside content of ginsenoside 1 in steamed ginseng leaves

[0059] Ginsenosides are converted from a form with 3-4 sugars attached to a form with 1-4 sugars released by thermal, enzymatic or acid decomposition. In the present invention, 1-glycoside ginsenosides (F1, compound K, Rh2, Rh3, Rk2) were analyzed to compare the changes in ginsenoside content before and after the steaming treatment as described above.

[0060] For ginsenoside content, the samples were dissolved in 70% methanol and analyzed by LC-MS / MS system (Waters TQ-D system, USA).

[0061] Example 1-1: Analysis of ginsenoside content before steaming

[0062] First, the content of ginsenoside 1 glycoside in various forms of red ginseng and ginseng before steaming was determined. Specifically, the content of ginsenoside 1 glycoside was measured in dried red ginseng, commercially available Cheong Kwan Jang red ginseng concentrate 1, commercially available Ponggi Ginseng red ginseng concentrate 2, dried ginseng leaves, or dried ginseng stems before steaming.

[0063] [Table 1]

[0064]

[0065] As shown in Table 1 above, it was confirmed that the contents of 1-glycoside ginsenoside F1 of the present invention, compound K, Rh2, Rh3 or Rk2 were low in the dried red ginseng before steaming and the commercially available red ginseng concentrates 1 to 2 compared to the dried ginseng leaves and dried ginseng stems before steaming. In addition, it was confirmed that the content of 1-glycoside ginsenoside F1 was relatively high at 0.983 mg / g in the dried ginseng leaves, but the content of 1-glycoside ginsenoside was generally low before steaming.

[0066] Example 1-2: Analysis of ginsenoside content after steaming

[0067] As described above, it was confirmed that the content of ginsenoside 1 was not significant before the steaming process, and the ginsenoside content of various forms of red ginseng, ginseng leaves, and ginseng stems after the steaming process was analyzed. Specifically, the content of ginsenoside 1 was measured in red ginseng steamed 2 to 9 times, ginseng leaves steamed 1 to 2 times, and ginseng stems steamed 1 to 2 times.

[0068] [Table 2]

[0069]

[0070] As shown in Table 2, it was confirmed that even if red ginseng and ginseng stems were steamed several times, the content of 1-glycoside ginsenoside F1, compound K, Rh2, Rh3, or Rk2 did not increase significantly. On the contrary, by comparing Table 1 and Table 2, the content of 1-glycoside ginsenoside F1, compound K, Rh2, Rh3, or Rk2 in steamed ginseng leaves was significantly increased compared to that in unsteamed ginseng leaves.

[0071] Example 2: Analysis of the glycoside content of ginsenoside 1 in ginseng leaves grown by different cultivation methods

[0072] As described above, it was confirmed that even if the steaming process was performed, there was no particular increase in red ginseng or ginseng stems, but the ginsenoside 1 glycoside content was significantly increased in ginseng leaves, and it was intended to measure the ginsenoside content by changing the cultivation method of ginseng leaves.

[0073] Specifically, hydroponic ginseng leaves and field-cultivated ginseng leaves were subjected to the same steaming treatment as in the above-mentioned preparation example to measure the ginsenoside content.

[0074] As shown in Table 3 below, 1- to 3-year-old ginseng leaves grown hydroponically and ginseng leaves grown in the open field were steamed at 98° C. for 5 hours to measure the content of 1-glycoside ginsenoside F1, compound K, Rh2, Rh3, or Rk2.

[0075] [Table 3]

[0076] (mg / g) Hydroponic cultivation of ginseng leaves Open-field cultivation of ginseng leaves F1 1.527 1.051 Compound K 0.103 0.055 Rh2 2.087 1.357 Rh3 0.526 0.328 Rk2 0.656 0.415

[0077] As shown in Table 3, it was confirmed that the content of ginsenoside monoglycoside was higher in hydroponic ginseng leaves than in open field ginseng leaves. Therefore, it was confirmed that the content of ginsenoside monoglycoside was increased by using hydroponic ginseng leaves compared with open field ginseng leaves.

[0078] Example 3: Analysis of ginsenoside content in ginseng leaves treated by steaming

[0079] In order to analyze the content of other glycosides of ginsenosides according to the steaming process, the content of other glycosides except monoglycoside in dry ginseng leaves that were not steamed and ginseng leaves that were steamed was determined. Specifically, the content of ginsenoside oligoglycoside (monoglycoside) F1, compound K, Rh2, Rh3, Rk2 or ginsenoside Rb1, Re, Rg1, F2, Rg3 other than oligoglycosides in dry ginseng leaves and ginseng leaves that were steamed once or twice was measured and is shown in Table 4 below.

[0080] [Table 4]

[0081] (mg / g) Dried ginseng leaves Steam ginseng leaves once Steam ginseng leaves twice Rb1 0.0586 0.257 0.206 Re 15.087 6.776 5.237 Rg1 0.569 2.376 1.542 F2 8.973 8.698 6.156 Rg3 0.014 0.742 1.017 F1 0.983 1.527 1.421 Compound K 0.004 0.103 0.187 Rh2 0.099 2.087 2.757 Rh3 0.000 0.526 0.964 Rk2 0.000 0.656 1.062

[0082] Example 4: Analysis of ginsenoside 1 glycoside content in red ginseng concentrate and steamed ginseng leaves

[0083] In order to compare the glycoside content of ginsenoside 1 in commercial red ginseng concentrate and the steamed ginseng leaves of the present invention, the glycoside content of ginsenoside 1 in commercial Cheong Kwan Jang red ginseng concentrate 1, commercial Ponggi ginseng red ginseng concentrate 2, commercial Daedong Korean ginseng red ginseng concentrate 3 and steamed ginseng leaves was determined. The specific experimental method is as follows.

[0084] As shown in Table 5 below, the contents of 1-glycoside ginsenoside F1, compound K, Rh2, Rh3 or Rk2 in the red ginseng concentrates 1 to 3 and the steamed ginseng leaves were measured.

[0085] [Table 5]

[0086] (mg / g) Red Ginseng Concentrate 1 Red Ginseng Concentrate 2 Red Ginseng Concentrate 3 Steamed ginseng leaves F1 0.005 0.017 0.034 1.421 Compound K 0.002 0.004 0.009 0.187 Rh2 0.006 0.030 0.025 2.757 Rh3 0.002 0.006 0.002 0.964 Rk2 0.002 0.006 0.007 1.062

[0087] As shown in Tables 4 to 5 above, ginsenosides contained in large amounts among all ginsenosides found in the steamed ginseng leaf composition and five existing 1-glycoside ginsenosides (F1, compound K, Rh2, Rh3, or Rk2) are shown in Table 4, and Table 5 is added to compare the five 1-glycoside ginsenosides (F1, compound K, Rh2, Rh3, or Rk2), and it can be confirmed that the contents of the five 1-glycosides in the steamed ginseng leaves are higher than those in the dried ginseng leaves and the commercially available red ginseng concentrates 1 to 3. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the 1-glycoside is selectively produced in large amounts by the present invention.

[0088] Example 5: Analysis of ginsenoside 1 glycoside content in ginseng leaves according to steaming time

[0089] The aim is to determine the change in the content of 1-glycoside ginsenoside according to the steaming treatment time. Specifically, the steaming time of ginseng leaves was treated for 1 hour to 7 hours to measure the content of 1-glycoside ginsenoside F1, compound K, Rh2, Rh3 or Rk2.

[0090] [Table 6]

[0091] (mg / g) 1 hour 3 hours 5 hours 7 hours F1 1.073 1.237 1.527 1.472 Compound K 0.011 0.073 0.103 0.121 Rh2 0.315 1.258 2.087 2.125 Rh3 0.073 0.261 0.526 0.571 Rk2 0.095 0.451 0.656 0.538

[0092] As shown in Table 6, it can be confirmed that the content of 1-glycoside ginsenoside F1, compound K, Rh2, Rh3 or Rk2 increases with the steaming treatment time. However, when the steaming treatment time is treated for more than 5 hours, there is no significant change in the content, so considering the overall efficiency, it can be confirmed that the optimal steaming treatment time is 5 hours.

[0093] Experimental example: Activity of ginseng leaf concentrate in inhibiting skin darkening

[0094] In order to confirm the efficacy of the ginseng leaf concentrate of the present invention in inhibiting skin darkening, the melanin value was confirmed after taking the ginseng leaf concentrate. The specific experimental method is as follows.

[0095] Twenty women in their 30s to 50s who were troubled by dark spots took 3 g of the ginseng leaf concentrate prepared in the above preparation example every day, and after 8 weeks, a questionnaire survey was conducted using a device (Mexmeter) regarding the intentional reduction of melanin levels and improvement of dark spots.

[0096] According to the numerical values ​​and questionnaire survey results, the melanin index of all 20 subjects decreased after 8 weeks. Finally, after 8 weeks, for the questionnaire evaluating the efficacy and the favorability of the product, all users answered good and very good for the improvement of dark spots and the overall satisfaction with the product, thus confirming that all subjects were effective. Therefore, the hydroponic ginseng leaf concentrate according to the present invention can suppress skin darkening, thereby expecting a skin whitening improvement effect.

[0097] In summary, the hydroponic ginseng leaf concentrate of the present invention can provide a ginseng leaf concentrate having an increased content of ginsenoside oligoglycoside (monoglycoside) with a high in vivo absorption rate. In addition, the ginseng leaf concentrate of the present invention, which is obtained by steaming hydroponic ginseng leaves, can be provided as a food composition and a food composition for skin whitening and dark spot improvement.

[0098] Based on the above description, those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs can understand that the present invention can also be implemented in other specific ways without changing the technical idea or necessary features of the present invention. In this regard, it should be understood that the embodiments described above are exemplary and non-restrictive in all aspects. The scope of the present invention should be interpreted as including the meaning and scope of the claims described later and all changes or deformations derived from their equivalent concepts, rather than just the above detailed description.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a ginseng leaf concentrate having an increased content of ginsenoside 1 glycoside, comprising: The step of steaming the hydroponic ginseng leaves after removing moisture; The step of drying and crushing the steamed ginseng leaves; and The step of extracting and concentrating the dried and crushed ginseng leaves, The ginsenoside 1 glycoside is one or more selected from the group consisting of ginsenoside F1, compound K, Rh3 and Rk2. The steaming process is performed for 4 to 6 hours, and Among them, the above-mentioned hydroponic cultivated ginseng leaves are 1 to 3 years old.

2. The method for preparing ginseng leaf concentrate according to claim 1, wherein: The steaming treatment is carried out at 90°C to 110°C.

3. The method for preparing the ginseng leaf concentrate according to claim 1, wherein: The drying is performed such that the moisture content of the ginseng leaves reaches 15% to 1%.

4. The method for preparing ginseng leaf concentrate according to claim 1, wherein: The above extraction step is performed by adding alcohol.

5. A ginseng leaf concentrate prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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