Device for evaluating interaction between shield cutter head and soil mass and effect of soil mass improvement

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for evaluating the interaction between a shield cutterhead and soil and the effect of soil improvement, which comprises a main body mechanism, a loading mechanism, a cutterhead driving mechanism, a stirring device, a sensing device and a controller; the main body mechanism includes a soil box, and the two ends of the barrel wall of the soil box are respectively a sealing partition plate fixedly connected and a pressing plate slidably connected; the loading mechanism is connected to the pressing plate and drives the pressing plate to slide back and forth along the barrel wall; the cutterhead driving mechanism includes a cutterhead, a transmission shaft and a driving motor, the cutterhead is arranged in the soil box, and the driving motor drives the cutterhead to rotate through the transmission shaft. Compared with the prior art, the present invention takes into account the interaction between the shield and the soil, can replace the soil and the types of the shield cutterhead and cutters, truly restore the working environment of the shield cutterhead, provide a more reasonable basis for determining the parameters of muck improvement and shield selection, better guide engineering practice, and ensure the safe and stable completion of the tunneling work by the shield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering, and particularly to a device for evaluating the interaction between a shield cutterhead and soil and the effect of soil improvement. Background Art

[0002] In tunnel construction, the shield method has been widely used. However, during the shield construction process, the surrounding soil layer is disturbed, inevitably causing deformation of the surrounding soil and affecting safety. To ensure that the earth pressure balance shield can excavate the tunnel efficiently and smoothly, it is necessary to make the earth pressure balance shield have good adaptability to the stratum it excavates. In the prior art, generally, two aspects are considered: shield selection and muck improvement. By selecting a suitable shield type and improving the muck, the adaptability of the shield to the soil is improved.

[0003] In actual engineering, the type of shield cutterhead, the arrangement of cutters and agitators are usually determined according to the experience of construction workers, lacking a theoretical basis for selection and not fully considering the properties of the construction medium. As a result, phenomena such as cutterhead mud cake formation, soil chamber blockage, and excessive cutter wear often occur during shield construction, and the dynamic interaction between the shield cutterhead and the soil is not good enough.

[0004] In terms of muck improvement, indoor tests are usually carried out before construction to test the performance of the improved muck. At present, the slump test is mainly used for indoor muck improvement tests, and there are mainly two problems. First, the evaluation index of the slump test for the performance of the improved soil is relatively single, and it cannot comprehensively evaluate the effect of muck improvement. Second, during actual construction, the fluidity of the muck has a great relationship with the internal structure of the cutterhead and the soil chamber. Although the improved soil optimized through the slump test has good fluidity, it cannot guarantee that it is well suitable for the selected shield.

[0005] The existing research work on shield selection and muck improvement is independent, and both ignore the interaction between the shield and the soil. In fact, shield selection and muck improvement are closely related. Therefore, how to find a suitable shield selection and improved muck, and make the shield adapt to the improved muck to ensure the safe and stable completion of the tunneling work by the shield is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a device for evaluating the interaction between a shield cutterhead and soil and the effect of soil improvement. Considering the interaction between the shield and the soil, the soil and the shield type can be replaced to truly restore the working environment of the shield cutterhead, provide a more reasonable basis for determining the muck improvement parameters and shield selection, better guide engineering practice, and be able to optimize the muck improvement parameters and shield structure before construction, providing a reference for shield selection and muck improvement work to ensure the safe and stable completion of the tunneling work by the shield.

[0007] The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] A device for evaluating the interaction between a shield cutter head and soil mass and the effect of soil improvement, comprising a main body mechanism, a loading mechanism, a cutter head driving mechanism, a stirring device, a sensing device and a controller;

[0009] The main body mechanism includes a soil box, one end face of the soil box is provided with a sealing partition plate fixedly connected to the barrel wall of the soil box, and the other end face of the soil box is provided with a pressing plate slidably connected to the barrel wall of the soil box;

[0010] The loading mechanism is connected to the pressing plate and is used to drive the pressing plate to slide back and forth along the barrel wall of the soil box;

[0011] The cutter head driving mechanism includes a cutter head, a transmission shaft and a driving motor. The cutter head is arranged in the soil box. The transmission shaft penetrates the sealing partition plate and is respectively connected to the cutter head and the driving motor. The driving motor is used to drive the cutter head to rotate, and a plurality of cutters are movably installed on the cutter head;

[0012] The stirring device includes an active stirring mechanism and a passive stirring mechanism. The active stirring mechanism includes an active stirring rod installed on the cutter head, and the passive stirring mechanism includes a passive stirring rod installed on the sealing partition plate;

[0013] The sensing device includes a torque sensor, a visual self-sensing detector and a soil bin pressure sensor. The torque sensor is used to measure the torque and rotational speed of the driving motor. The visual self-sensing detector is used to measure the cutting disturbance range of the cutter head in the soil box. The soil bin pressure sensor is used to measure the pressure value inside the soil box;

[0014] The controller is respectively communicatively connected to the loading mechanism, the driving motor and the sensing device.

[0015] Furthermore, the main body mechanism further includes a base, the soil box is installed on the base, a feeding port is opened on the barrel wall of the soil box, and the feeding port is sealed by a sealing cover.

[0016] Furthermore, a connecting plate is provided on the barrel wall of the soil box, mounting holes are provided on the connecting plate, the mounting holes are matched with bolts, and the soil box is installed on the base through the connecting plate.

[0017] Furthermore, the loading mechanism is a hydraulic loading mechanism, including a hydraulic control box, a hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder shaft and a first fixing mechanism. The hydraulic control box is connected to the hydraulic cylinder through a hydraulic pipe. The hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the soil box through the first fixing mechanism. The hydraulic cylinder shaft is connected to the pressing plate, and the telescopic movement of the hydraulic cylinder shaft relative to the hydraulic cylinder drives the pressing plate to slide back and forth along the barrel wall of the soil box.

[0018] Furthermore, the first fixing mechanism includes a reaction force plate, a transverse strut, a longitudinal strut and a hydraulic cylinder fixing plate. The number of the reaction force plates is at least two, which are symmetrically arranged on the barrel wall of the soil box. The longitudinal strut is vertically arranged on the reaction force plate. The transverse strut is perpendicularly connected to the longitudinal strut. The hydraulic cylinder fixing plate is arranged on the transverse strut, and the hydraulic cylinder is installed on the hydraulic cylinder fixing plate.

[0019] Further, one end of the transmission shaft is connected to the cutter head through a key and a positioning bolt. The other end of the transmission shaft is connected to the driving motor through a coupling. The driving motor is fixed on the soil box through a second fixing mechanism.

[0020] Furthermore, the second fixing mechanism includes a motor fixing plate and a plurality of struts. The bottom ends of the struts are vertically arranged on the sealing partition board. The motor fixing plate is arranged at the top ends of the struts, and the driving motor is installed on the motor fixing plate.

[0021] Furthermore, the torque sensor is installed between the transmission shaft and the driving motor, and the visual self-sensing detector is installed on the coupling.

[0022] Further, the soil chamber pressure sensor is installed on the sealing partition board.

[0023] Further, the driving motor is a variable frequency motor, and the variable frequency motor is connected to a speed regulator for adjusting the speed.

[0024] Further, the cutter head is a spoke-type cutter head, which includes a plurality of spokes. A center fishtail cutter is arranged at the center of the cutter head. Scrapers and pilot cutters are arranged on the spokes, and the scrapers and the pilot cutters are movably installed on the spokes.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] (1) Considering the interaction between the shield and the soil, a device for replacing the soil and the types of the shield cutter head and cutters is designed, which truly restores the working environment of the shield cutter head, provides a more reasonable basis for determining the parameters of muck improvement and shield selection, and better guides engineering practice.

[0027] (2) The type of the cutter head, the arrangement mode of the cutters, the number of stirring rods, the load, etc. can be adjusted according to actual needs. Different tests between shield selection and muck improvement can be carried out to find the optimal muck improvement parameters and the shield selection matching the muck improvement, which can more scientifically ensure the safe and stable tunneling work of the shield.

[0028] (3) The main body mechanism, loading mechanism, cutter head drive mechanism, mixing device and sensing device are integrated into one, with a relatively small volume, being convenient to carry, suitable for laboratory or on-site tests. Moreover, the cutter head is driven by a driving motor to rotate, simulating the soil cutting in actual engineering. The cutter head does not need to move forward, reducing the space occupied when the whole device is in use. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0029] Figure 1 Schematic diagrams of the external and internal structures of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 Front view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 Rear view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 Front view of the cutter head structure;

[0033] Figure 5 Rear view of the cutter head structure;

[0034] Reference numerals in the drawings: 1, base; 2, barrel wall; 3, sealing partition; 4, cutter head; 5, pressure plate; 6, hydraulic control box; 7, hydraulic cylinder; 8, hydraulic cylinder shaft; 9, driving motor; 10, hydraulic pipe; 11, hydraulic cylinder fixing plate; 12, transverse strut; 13, longitudinal strut; 14, reaction plate; 15, sealing cover; 16, connecting plate; 17, coupling; 18, torque sensor; 19, transmission shaft; 20, motor fixing plate; 21, pillar; 22, key; 23, spoke; 24, scraper; 25, pilot cutter; 26, center fishtail cutter; 27, passive mixing rod; 28, active mixing rod; 29, positioning bolt; 30, visual self-sensing detector; 31, soil chamber pressure sensor. Detailed Description of the Embodiment

[0035] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and the detailed implementation manners and specific operation processes are given. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0036] In the drawings, components with the same structure are denoted by the same numerals, and components with similar structures or functions everywhere are denoted by similar numerals. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily shown, and the present invention does not limit the size and thickness of each component. In order to make the drawings clearer, some parts in the drawings are appropriately enlarged.

[0037] Embodiment 1:

[0038] A device for evaluating the interaction between a shield cutter head and soil and the effect of soil improvement, the overall structure is asFigure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown in Figure 4 , it includes a main body mechanism, a loading mechanism, a cutter head drive mechanism, a stirring device, a sensing device and a controller;

[0039] The main body mechanism includes a soil box. As Figure 3 shown, the soil box is a cylindrical tubular structure. A sealing partition plate 3 fixedly connected to the barrel wall 2 of the soil box is provided at one end face of the soil box, and the barrel wall 2 is welded to the sealing partition plate 3; as Figure 1 and Figure 3 shown, a pressing plate 5 slidably connected to the barrel wall 2 of the soil box is provided at the other end face of the soil box. The pressing plate 5 can slide back and forth along the barrel wall 2 to apply pressure to the soil in the soil box.

[0040] The loading mechanism is connected to the pressing plate 5 and is used to drive the pressing plate 5 to slide back and forth along the barrel wall 2 of the soil box. In this embodiment, the loading mechanism is a hydraulic loading mechanism. As Figure 1 and Figure 3 shown, it includes a hydraulic control box 6, a hydraulic cylinder 7, a hydraulic cylinder shaft 8 and a first fixing mechanism. The hydraulic control box 6 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 7 through a hydraulic pipe 10. The hydraulic cylinder 7 is fixed on the soil box through the first fixing mechanism. The hydraulic cylinder shaft 8 is connected to the pressing plate 5, and the telescopic movement of the hydraulic cylinder shaft 8 relative to the hydraulic cylinder 7 drives the pressing plate 5 to slide back and forth along the barrel wall 2 of the soil box.

[0041] The first fixing mechanism includes a reaction plate 14, a transverse strut 12, a longitudinal strut 13 and a hydraulic cylinder fixing plate 11. The number of reaction plates 14 is 2, which are respectively welded on the barrel wall 2 of the soil box. The longitudinal strut 13 is vertically arranged on the reaction plate 14. The transverse strut 12 is vertically connected to the longitudinal strut 13. The hydraulic cylinder fixing plate 11 is arranged on the transverse strut 12, and the hydraulic cylinder 7 is installed on the hydraulic cylinder fixing plate 11 through bolts.

[0042] As Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, the cutter head drive mechanism includes a cutter head 4, a transmission shaft 19 and a drive motor 9. The cutter head 4 is arranged in the soil box. The transmission shaft 19 penetrates through the sealing partition plate 3. The transmission shaft 19 is respectively connected to the cutter head 4 and the drive motor 9. The drive motor 9 is used to drive the cutter head 4 to rotate. A plurality of cutters are movably installed on the cutter head 4; the drive motor 9 drives the cutter head 4 to rotate, and the cutters on the cutter head 4 cut the soil in the soil box.

[0043] The drive motor 9 is a variable-frequency motor, and the variable-frequency motor is connected to a speed regulator for adjusting the speed, so as to change the speed of the cutter head 4. In this embodiment, the cutter head 4 is a spoke-type cutter head, including a plurality of spokes 23. A central fishtail cutter 26 is arranged at the center of the cutter head 4. Scrapers 24 and pilot cutters 25 are arranged on the spokes 23. The scrapers 24 and the pilot cutters 25 are movably installed on the spokes 23.

[0044] One end of the transmission shaft 19 is connected to the cutter head 4 through a key 22 and a positioning bolt 29. The other end of the transmission shaft 19 is connected to the driving motor 9 through a coupling 17. The driving motor 9 is fixed on the soil box through a second fixing mechanism.

[0045] The second fixing mechanism includes a motor fixing plate 20 and a plurality of struts 21. The bottom ends of the struts 21 are vertically arranged on the sealing partition plate 3. The motor fixing plate 20 is connected to the sealing partition plate 3 through the struts 21. The driving motor 9 is installed on the motor fixing plate 20 through bolts.

[0046] The stirring device includes an active stirring mechanism and a passive stirring mechanism. The active stirring mechanism includes active stirring rods 28 installed on the cutter head 4. The passive stirring mechanism includes passive stirring rods 27 installed on the sealing partition plate 3. In this embodiment, a total of four active stirring rods 28 and one passive stirring rod 27 are provided.

[0047] The cutters are movably installed on the cutter head 4. The type of the cutter head 4 can be changed, such as the number of spokes 23, etc. The number of cutters and the intervals between the cutters can be changed. The number and installation positions of the active stirring rods 28 and the passive stirring rods 27 can be changed to test different shield selections.

[0048] The sensing device includes a torque sensor 18, a visual self-sensing detector 30, and a soil chamber pressure sensor 31. The torque sensor 18 is installed between the transmission shaft 19 and the driving motor 9. The end of the transmission shaft 19 is first connected to the torque sensor 18 through a coupling 17, and then the torque sensor 18 is connected to the driving motor through a coupling 17. The visual self-sensing detector 30 is installed on the coupling 17 through a pin. The soil chamber pressure sensor 21 is installed on the sealing partition plate 3 and can be connected to an external controller through a small hole reserved on the sealing partition plate 3. The torque sensor 18 is used to measure the torque and rotational speed of the driving motor 9. The visual self-sensing detector 30 (such as an infrared detection device, etc.) is used to measure the cutting disturbance range of the cutter head 4 in the soil box. The soil chamber pressure sensor 31 is used to measure the pressure value inside the soil box. The controller is communicatively connected to the loading mechanism, the driving motor 9, and the sensing device respectively.

[0049] For the convenience of use, the main body mechanism further includes a base 1. A connecting plate 16 is provided on the barrel wall 2 of the soil box. Mounting holes are provided on the connecting plate 16 and are matched with bolts. The soil box is installed on the base 1 through the connecting plate 16. A feeding port is opened on the barrel wall 2 of the soil box. Soil is added into the soil box through the feeding port. The sealing cover 15 seals the feeding port with bolts.

[0050] When conducting the test, fill the soil box with improved muck through the feeding port, seal the feeding port with the sealing cover 15, operate the hydraulic control box 6, read the readings of the soil chamber pressure sensor 31, and make the pressing plate 5 appropriately press the soil mass until the space between the pressing plate 5 and the sealing partition 3 is filled with the soil mass. Subsequently, adjust the hydraulic pressure to a predetermined value; start the drive motor 9 to rotate the cutter head 4. At the same time, read the readings of the torque sensor 18 through the controller, and view the cutting disturbance range of the cutter head 4 through the visual self-sensing detector 30 on an external visualization device (such as a computer or a handheld terminal platform, etc.); after the cutter head 4 rotates for a period of time, turn off the drive motor 9, remove the hydraulic loading device, open the sealing cover 15 and the pressing plate 5, observe the adhesion of the soil mass on the cutter head 4, the soil flow clogging area, and analyze the torque of the cutter head 4 to judge the soil improvement effect and the rationality of the cutter head 4 and the shield type, so as to provide a basis for adjusting the next improvement parameters and optimizing the arrangement of the cutters and stirring rods; change the muck improvement parameters and the cutter head shield structure, and repeat the above steps for comparative tests until the reasonable muck improvement parameters and the shield structure are finally determined.

[0051] Analyze the disturbance range of the cutter head 4 in the front soil mass after cutting, the torque of the cutter head 4, observe the adhesion of the cutter head 4, the soil flow clogging area in the soil chamber, etc. to evaluate the interaction between the shield cutter head and the soil mass and the soil improvement effect, so as to reflect the dynamic interaction between the earth pressure balance shield cutter head and the soil mass, and thus evaluate the rationality of the selection of the cutter head and soil chamber structure, which is beneficial for reducing construction energy consumption and preventing accidents such as cutter head mud cake formation and soil chamber blockage.

[0052] The preferred specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those of ordinary skill in the art can make many modifications and variations according to the concept of the present invention without creative labor. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art in the technical field of the present invention based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments on the basis of the existing technology shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims.

Claims

1. An apparatus for evaluating the interaction between a shield cutterhead and soil and the effect of soil improvement, characterized in that, It includes a main body mechanism, a loading mechanism, a cutter head drive mechanism, a stirring device, a sensing device and a controller; The main body mechanism includes a soil box. A sealing partition plate (3) fixedly connected to the barrel wall (2) of the soil box is provided at one end face of the soil box. A pressing plate (5) slidably connected to the barrel wall (2) of the soil box is provided at the other end face of the soil box. The main body mechanism further includes a base (1). The soil box is installed on the base (1), and the barrel wall (2) of the soil box is supported on the base (1); The loading mechanism is connected to the pressing plate (5) and is used to drive the pressing plate (5) to slide back and forth along the barrel wall (2) of the soil box; The cutter head drive mechanism includes a cutter head (4), a transmission shaft (19) and a drive motor (9). The cutter head (4) is arranged inside the soil box. The transmission shaft (19) penetrates through the sealing partition plate (3). The transmission shaft (19) is respectively connected to the cutter head (4) and the drive motor (9). The drive motor (9) is used to drive the cutter head (4) to rotate. A plurality of cutters are movably installed on the cutter head (4); The stirring device includes an active stirring mechanism and a passive stirring mechanism. The active stirring mechanism includes an active stirring rod (28) installed on the cutter head (4). The passive stirring mechanism includes a passive stirring rod (27) installed on the sealing partition plate (3); The sensing device includes a torque sensor (18), a visual self-sensing detector (30) and a soil bin pressure sensor (31). The torque sensor (18) is used to measure the torque and speed of the drive motor (9). The visual self-sensing detector (30) is used to measure the cutting disturbance range of the cutter head (4) inside the soil box. The soil bin pressure sensor (31) is used to measure the pressure value inside the soil box; The controller is respectively communicatively connected to the loading mechanism, the drive motor (9) and the sensing device; The loading mechanism is a hydraulic loading mechanism, including a hydraulic control box (6), a hydraulic cylinder (7), a hydraulic cylinder shaft (8) and a first fixing mechanism. The hydraulic control box (6) is connected to the hydraulic cylinder (7) through a hydraulic pipe (10). The hydraulic cylinder (7) is fixed to the soil box through the first fixing mechanism. The hydraulic cylinder shaft (8) is connected to the pressing plate (5). The telescoping of the hydraulic cylinder shaft (8) relative to the hydraulic cylinder (7) drives the pressing plate (5) to slide back and forth along the barrel wall (2) of the soil box; The first fixing mechanism includes a reaction plate (14), a transverse strut (12), a longitudinal strut (13) and a hydraulic cylinder fixing plate (11). The number of the reaction plates (14) is at least 2, and they are symmetrically arranged on the barrel wall (2) of the soil box. The longitudinal strut (13) is vertically arranged on the reaction plate (14). The transverse strut (12) is perpendicularly connected to the longitudinal strut (13). The hydraulic cylinder fixing plate (11) is arranged on the transverse strut (12). The hydraulic cylinder (7) is installed on the hydraulic cylinder fixing plate (11); One end of the transmission shaft (19) is connected to the cutter head (4) through a key (22) and a positioning bolt (29). The other end of the transmission shaft (19) is connected to the drive motor (9) through a coupling (17). The drive motor (9) is fixed to the soil box through a second fixing mechanism; The second fixing mechanism includes a motor fixing plate (20) and a plurality of struts (21). The bottom ends of the struts (21) are vertically arranged on the sealing partition plate (3), and the motor fixing plate (20) is arranged at the top ends of the struts (21). The driving motor (9) is installed on the motor fixing plate (20). The torque sensor (18) is installed between the transmission shaft (19) and the driving motor (9), and the visual self-sensing detector (30) is installed on the coupling (17).

2. The device for evaluating the interaction between the shield cutterhead and the soil mass and the effect of soil improvement according to claim 1, characterized in that, A feeding port is formed in the barrel wall (2) of the soil box, and the feeding port is sealed by a sealing cover (15).

3. The device for evaluating the interaction between the shield cutterhead and the soil mass and the effect of soil improvement according to claim 1, wherein The soil bin pressure sensor (31) is installed on the sealing partition plate (3).

4. The device for evaluating the interaction between the shield cutter head and the soil mass and the effect of soil improvement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving motor (9) is a variable-frequency motor, and the variable-frequency motor is connected to a speed regulator for adjusting the speed.

5. The device for evaluating the interaction between the shield cutter head and the soil mass and the effect of soil improvement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutter head (4) is a spoke-type cutter head, including a plurality of spokes (23). A central fishtail cutter (26) is arranged at the center of the cutter head (4). Scrapers (24) and pilot cutters (25) are arranged on the spokes (23), and the scrapers (24) and pilot cutters (25) are movably installed on the spokes (23).

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