Systems and methods for post-operative evaluation of spinal motion and implant-based strain correlation

Abstract

A system for assessing a status of a spinal implant includes a reader device, a wearable body sensor, and a spinal implant. The wearable body sensor includes a first short-range receiver, a first short-range transmitter, and an inertial measurement unit. The wearable body sensor is configured to be positioned on a portion of a spine of a wearer and to measure movement information corresponding to spinal motion of the wearer while the wearer is wearing the wearable body sensor and performing one or more movements. The spinal implant includes one or more sensors configured to measure implant information including one or more characteristics of a fusion status of the spinal implant, a second short-range receiver, and a second short-range transmitter. The wearable body sensor is configured to communicate movement information to the reader device. The spinal implant is configured to communicate implant information to the reader device via the second transmitter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to a wearable body sensor that is used in conjunction with one or more spinal implant-based sensors to evaluate strain data associated with the spinal implant. Background Technology

[0002] Treatment for spinal conditions such as intervertebral disc degeneration, herniated discs, scoliosis or other curvature abnormalities, and fractures often requires surgery. For example, spinal fusion can be used to restrict movement between vertebral components. As another example, implants can be used to maintain movement between vertebral components.

[0003] A combination of patient feedback, imaging techniques, and clinician assessments is typically used to evaluate a patient's spinal condition. Because data related to patient mobility can contain valuable information about the patient's neurological and musculoskeletal health, it is desirable to obtain this information in an objective rather than subjective manner. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In one embodiment, a system for assessing the status of a spinal implant includes a reader device, a wearable body sensor, and a spinal implant. The wearable body sensor includes a first short-range receiver, a first short-range transmitter, and an inertial measurement unit. The wearable body sensor is configured to be positioned on at least a portion of a wearer's spine and measures motion information corresponding to the wearer's spinal movements while the wearer is wearing the wearable body sensor and performing one or more movements. The spinal implant includes: one or more sensors configured to measure implant information including one or more characteristics of the fusion state of the spinal implant; a second short-range receiver; and a second short-range transmitter. The wearable body sensor is configured to transmit at least a portion of the motion information to the reader device. The spinal implant is configured to transmit at least a portion of the implant information to the reader device via the second transmitter.

[0005] Wearable body sensors can be attached to the wearer using adhesives. Wearable body sensors can include mobile electronic devices.

[0006] One or more moves can be part of the protocol.

[0007] One or more sensors may include a load sensing component configured to detect strain experienced by the spinal implant. One or more sensors may include a pressure sensor. One or more sensors may include a second inertial measurement unit. One or more sensors may include a temperature sensor.

[0008] The reader device can be configured to transmit at least a portion of motion information and / or implant information to one or more electronic devices.

[0009] A wearable body sensor can be configured to transmit at least a portion of the motion information to the reader device when the reader device is within a short communication range of the wearable body sensor. A spinal implant can be configured to transmit at least a portion of implant information to the reader device when the reader device is within a short communication range of the spinal implant. The reader device can also be configured to transmit power to the spinal implant.

[0010] In one embodiment, a system for assessing the status of a spinal implant includes a reader device, a wearable body sensor communicating with the reader device, and one or more spinal implants. The wearable body sensor includes a first short-range receiver, a first short-range transmitter, and an inertial measurement unit. Each of the one or more spinal implants includes: one or more sensors configured to measure implant information comprising one or more characteristics of the fusion status of the spinal implant; a second short-range receiver; and a second short-range transmitter. Each spinal implant communicates with the reader device.

[0011] Wearable body sensors can be configured to be positioned on at least a portion of a wearer’s spine and to measure motion information corresponding to the wearer’s spinal movements while the wearer is wearing the wearable body sensors and performing one or more movements.

[0012] Wearable body sensors can be configured to transmit at least a portion of motion information to a reader device.

[0013] Each spinal implant can be configured to transmit at least a portion of implant information to a reader device via a second transmitter. Wearable body sensors can be attached to the wearer via adhesive. Wearable body sensors can be mobile electronic devices.

[0014] One or more moves can be part of the protocol.

[0015] One or more sensors may include a load sensing component configured to detect strain experienced by the spinal implant. One or more sensors may include a pressure sensor. One or more sensors may include a second inertial measurement unit. One or more sensors may include a temperature sensor.

[0016] The reader device can be configured to transmit at least a portion of motion information and / or implant information to one or more electronic devices. A wearable body sensor can be configured to transmit at least a portion of the motion information to the reader device when the reader device is within a short communication range of the wearable body sensor.

[0017] Spinal implants can be configured to transmit at least a portion of implant information to the reader device when the reader device is within a short communication range of the spinal implant.

[0018] The reader device can be configured to transmit power to the spinal implant. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 A demonstrative spinal assessment system is illustrated.

[0020] Figure 2A and Figure 2B Each illustration depicts an example of a wearable body sensor.

[0021] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for obtaining subject information is provided.

[0022] Figure 4 A block diagram depicts an example of an internal hardware containing or implementing program instructions, according to an embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0023] In some embodiments, as used and incorporated in the appended claims as in this specification, unless the context explicitly states otherwise, the singular forms “a / an” and “the” include the plural, and reference to a particular value includes at least the stated particular value. A range may be expressed herein as from “about” or “approximately” one particular value and / or to “about” or “approximately” another particular value. In expressing this range, another embodiment includes from one particular value and / or to another particular value. Similarly, when a value is expressed as an approximation using the antecedent “about,” it should be understood that the stated particular value forms another embodiment. It should also be understood that all spatial references (e.g., horizontal, vertical, top, upper, lower, bottom, left, and right) are for illustrative purposes only and may vary within the scope of this disclosure. For example, references to “up” and “down” are relative and used only relative to each other in the context, and need not be “higher” and “lower.” Generally, similar spatial references to different aspects or components indicate similar spatial orientation and / or positioning, i.e., each “first end” is located at or points to the same end of the device. Furthermore, the use of various spatial terms in this article should not be interpreted as limiting the various insertion techniques or orientations of the implant relative to its position in the spine.

[0024] For the purposes of this application, the following terms shall have the following corresponding meanings:

[0025] "Computing device," "electronic device," or "computer" means a device or system that includes a processor and memory. Each device may have its own processor and / or memory, or the processor and / or memory may be shared with other devices, such as in a virtual machine or container arrangement. The memory will contain or receive programming instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the electronic device to perform one or more operations according to the programming instructions. Examples of electronic devices include personal computers, servers, mainframes, virtual machines, containers, mobile electronic devices such as smartphones, Internet-connected wearable devices, tablet computers, laptop computers, and appliances and other devices that can communicate in an Internet of Things (IoT) arrangement. In a client-server arrangement, the client device and the server are electronic devices, wherein the server contains instructions and / or data that the client device can access via one or more communication links in one or more communication networks. In a virtual machine arrangement, the server may be an electronic device, and each virtual machine or virtual container may also be considered an electronic device. In the following discussion, for the sake of brevity, client devices, server devices, virtual machines, or containers may simply be referred to as "devices." Figure 4 The discussion in this context may include other components in the electronic device.

[0026] The terms “memory,” “computer-readable medium,” and “data storage device” all refer to a non-transitory means of storing computer-readable data, programming instructions, or both. Unless the context clearly indicates that a single device or multiple devices are required, the terms “memory,” “computer-readable medium,” and “data storage device” include both singular and plural embodiments, as well as portions of such devices such as memory sectors.

[0027] Figure 1 An exemplary spinal assessment system according to an embodiment is illustrated. Figure 1 As illustrated, system 100 includes wearable body sensors 102, one or more client electronic devices 104a-N, assessment system 106, one or more spinal implants 108a-N, and reader device 110.

[0028] The reader device 110 can communicate with the wearable body sensor 102 and / or one or more spinal implants 108a-N via one or more communication networks 112a-N. The reader device can also communicate with one or more client electronic devices 104a-N and / or the evaluation system 106 via one or more communication networks 112a-N. In various embodiments, one or more client electronic devices 104a-N can communicate with the evaluation system 106 via one or more communication networks 112a-N. The communication network 112a-N can be a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a mobile or cellular communication network, an extranet, an intranet, the Internet, a short-range communication network, etc. Although... Figure 1 Individual communication networks 112a-N are shown, but it should be understood that these networks, or combinations thereof, can be implemented as individual communication networks.

[0029] In various embodiments, reader device 110 may include a power source, a processing unit, and / or one or more communication devices. The power source for reader device 110 may be a battery. The processing unit may be a processor, microprocessor, etc. The communication devices may include a short-range transmitter, a receiver, and / or a transceiver. As will be explained in more detail below, reader device 110 may communicate with wearable body sensors 102 and / or one or more spinal implants 108a-N via one or more short-range communication protocols. In various embodiments, examples of reader device 110 may include, but are not limited to, RFID reader devices, NFC reader devices, etc.

[0030] The communication device may include a transmitter, a receiver, and / or a transceiver, which can be used to facilitate wireless communication between the reader device 110 and one or more electronic devices via a wireless network (such as, for example, the Internet or an intranet). For example, the reader device may communicate with one or more client electronic devices 104a-N and / or evaluation system 106.

[0031] Figure 2A An example of a wearable body sensor 102 according to an embodiment is illustrated. The wearable body sensor 102 can be an electronic device configured to be worn by an individual. For example, such as Figure 2A As illustrated, the wearable body sensor 102 can be a patch. The wearable body sensor 102 can be configured to be worn by an individual across at least a portion of their spine, such as a portion of their lower back, a portion of their middle back, a portion of their upper back, etc. Figure 2A As illustrated, the wearable body sensor 102 can be attached to a person using an adhesive. However, it should be understood that other methods of attaching or securing the wearable body sensor 102 to a person can be used within the scope of this disclosure.

[0032] For example, the wearable body sensor 102 can be attached to an individual via one or more straps, braces, etc. For instance, a mobile electronic device, such as a mobile phone, can be a wearable body sensor and can be attached to an individual such that the mobile electronic device is positioned on at least a portion of the individual's spine via one or more straps or belts, for example... Figure 2B As illustrated. In some embodiments, the wearable body sensor 102 may be part of wearable clothing (such as, for example, a camisole, belt, vest, shirt, etc.). U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 132,094 describes example wearable electronic devices and systems that may be used within the scope of this disclosure, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0033] In various embodiments, the wearable body sensor 102 may include an electronic system. As illustrated in FIG2, the electronic system 200 may be embedded in at least a portion of the wearable body sensor 102. The electronic system 200 may include a power supply 202, one or more communication components 204, one or more processing components 206, one or more inertial measurement units (IMUs) 208, etc.

[0034] Power supply 202 may include a battery. Communication component 204 may include one or more short-range communication components, such as, for example, a short-range transmitter, receiver, and / or transceiver. Communication component 204 may include one or more other communication components (such as, for example, a receiver, transmitter, and / or transceiver) that can be used to facilitate wireless communication between electronic system 200 and one or more electronic devices via a wireless network (such as, for example, the Internet or an intranet).

[0035] Processing unit 206 may include one or more processing devices, such as, for example, a processor, a microprocessor, etc. IMU 208 may include one or more accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, etc.

[0036] When worn, the electronic system 200 of the wearable body sensor 102 can be positioned on, or near, a portion of the wearable device that overlaps with, or is close to, the wearer's spine. For example, Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary arrangement of the electronic system 200 according to an embodiment. However, it should be understood that the electronic system or a portion thereof may be located elsewhere on the wearable device.

[0037] In various embodiments, the wearable body sensor 102 may include one or more integrated circuits, microchips, or other memory devices. For example, the wearable body sensor 102 may include a memory chip that can be removed from the wearable device and inserted into another electronic device to transfer data stored on the memory chip. The wearable body sensor 102 may also include firmware and / or a battery, including, for example, a thin-film battery, which may be encapsulated or may include piezoelectric power. In various embodiments, the wearable body sensor 102 may include NFC chips and RFID chips, etc.

[0038] Refer back Figure 1 In various embodiments, the wearable body sensor 102 may communicate with one or more spinal implants 108a-N. The spinal implant may be a medical device for treating one or more musculoskeletal disorders. Examples of spinal implants 108a-N may include, but are not limited to, vertebral fixation screws, pedicle screws, hooks, cross-connectors, bias connectors, and related systems used in various spinal surgeries or other orthopedic procedures, and may be used in conjunction with other spinal treatment-related devices and instruments, such as rods, wires, plates, intervertebral implants, and other spinal or orthopedic implants, insertion devices, and specialized instruments, such as, for example, delivery devices (including various types of cannulas), for delivering these various spinal or other implants to the vertebrae or other areas within a patient in various orientations, and / or for one or more methods of treating the spine, such as open surgery, micro-open surgery, or minimally invasive surgery. The spinal implant 108a-N may include one or more sensors. Sensors may be configured to detect and / or measure one or more characteristics associated with the spinal implant 108a-N. Exemplary sensors include, but are not limited to, load sensing components for detecting strain experienced by the spinal implant. U.S. Patent Applications Nos. 16 / 039,592, 16 / 395,212, 16 / 395,216, 16 / 395,221, and 16 / 509,285 describe exemplary load sensing components that may be used within the scope of this disclosure, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Other examples of sensors may include, but are not limited to, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, IMUs, gyroscopes, etc.

[0039] Exemplary spinal implants that may be used within the scope of this disclosure are described in U.S. Patents 6,485,491 and 8,057,519, and U.S. Patent Applications 16 / 039,592, 16 / 395,212, 16 / 395,216, 16 / 395,221, and 16 / 509,285, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Other exemplary spinal implants may include, but are not limited to, interbody fusion devices, such as, for example, fusion cages.

[0040] The spinal implant 108a-N may include a receiver, a transmitter, and / or a transceiver. The receiver, transmitter, and / or transceiver may be a near-field communication (NFC) or other short-range communication receiver, transmitter, and / or transceiver, such as, for example, a radio frequency identification (RFID) coil, an NFC antenna, etc. In various embodiments, the receiver, transmitter, and / or transceiver may be part of an integrated circuit, such as, for example, an RFID chip and an NFC chip.

[0041] The evaluation system 106 may include one or more electronic devices, such as, for example, a server and / or one or more data storage devices. For example, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the evaluation system 106 may include one or more electronic devices 112a-N and one or more data storage devices 114a-N. The data storage devices 114a-N may store measurement data received from one or more sensors, such as, for example, motion data, spinal implant performance information, etc. The data storage devices 114a-N may store motion information received from the wearable device 102. The data storage devices 114a-N may store data in a way that makes it relevant to a specific topic.

[0042] In various embodiments, one or more sensors of the spinal implant 108a-N can measure one or more effects of a subject's movement on the spinal implant. The movement or motion can be the wearer's spinal axis, lower limbs, rotation, flexion, etc.

[0043] The client electronic device 104a-N can be a smartphone, tablet, laptop, computing device, or other electronic device. For example, the client electronic device 104a-N can be a smartphone or tablet associated with the subject. As another example, the client electronic device 104a-N can be a smartphone or tablet associated with a clinician, healthcare provider, healthcare entity, etc.

[0044] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for acquiring subject information according to an embodiment is shown. A wearable body sensor can be applied to the subject. The subject can then perform one or more movements or movement types while wearing the wearable body sensor.

[0045] Subjects may wear wearable body sensors for a limited period of time, such as, for example, in a clinical setting or during a clinician's assessment. In this context, subjects may be asked to perform one or more movements, activities, or protocols to collect information about their movements. For example, a clinician may ask a subject to sit, stand, walk, bend, rotate, turn, lie down, or perform other activities while wearing the wearable body sensors.

[0046] When a subject performs one or more movements, one or more sensors of one or more spinal implants implanted in the subject's body can measure or collect implant information 302 associated with one or more characteristics of the associated spinal implant during such movements. For example, the spinal implant may include one or more strain gauges or strain sensors. These sensors can measure the strain or one or more strain patterns experienced by the implant during one or more movements or across a series of movements. As another example, the spinal implant may include an IMU that can measure movement information during one or more movements or across a series of movements. In another example, the spinal implant may include a gyroscope that can measure the orientation of the wearer's back or torso. In another example, the spinal implant may include a pressure sensor that can measure pressure changes on or within the spinal implant. For example, the fixation screws of the spinal implant may include pressure sensors that can measure pressure and / or pressure changes in the implant's chambers. In another embodiment, the spinal implant may include a temperature sensor that can measure the temperature or temperature changes of the spinal implant or the area surrounding the spinal implant. Within the scope of this disclosure, additional and / or alternative sensors and / or measurements may be used and / or performed.

[0047] One or more spinal implants of the subject can store 304 such implant information. When the reader device is within a short communication range of the spinal implant, one or more spinal implants can transmit at least a portion of such implant information 306 to the reader device. The spinal implant can transmit the implant information 306 to the reader device via a short-range transmitter or transceiver.

[0048] While a subject is performing one or more movements, wearable body sensors can measure or collect 308 information related to the subject's spinal movement during these movements. Movement information may include one or more characteristics associated with the subject's movement. For example, an IMU can provide information related to the movement of a person wearing the wearable device, given the IMU and its placement. For example, raw x / y / z measurements may only provide information about the sensor's own movement, which may differ from the wearer's movement. For example, known methods utilize motion sensors integrated into devices such as phones and watches that move in a manner significantly different from and independent of their wearer or carrier.

[0049] One or more data points of the data may have one or more associated parameters, such as associated timestamps, associated velocity values, associated air pressure values, and associated acceleration values, rotation values, orientation values, etc.

[0050] Wearable body sensors can store 310 such motion information. When a reader device is within a short communication range of the body sensor, it can transmit 312 at least a portion of the motion information to the reader device. The body sensor can transmit 312 the motion information to the reader device via a short-range transmitter or transceiver.

[0051] The reader device can receive 314 implant information from one or more spinal implants and / or motion information from body sensors. For example, the reader device can receive 314 implant information and / or motion information via a short-range receiver or transceiver. In various embodiments, the reader device can store 316 at least a portion of the implant information and / or motion information received from one or more spinal implants and / or wearable body sensors. The reader device can store 316 at least a portion of the received implant information in one or more data storage devices.

[0052] In various embodiments, when the reader device is placed within a certain distance of the wearable body sensor and / or one or more spinal implants, the wearable body sensor and / or one or more spinal implants can transmit information to the reader device. For example, when the reader device is located 3-6 inches from the wearable body sensor, the wearable body sensor can transmit information to the reader device. As another example, when the reader device is 3-5 inches from the spinal implant, the spinal implant can transmit information to the reader device. Other distances and / or distance ranges may be used within the scope of this disclosure. In various embodiments, the wearable body sensor and / or spinal implant can communicate with the reader device or other electronic devices without being queried.

[0053] The reader device can be used as a remote power source for one or more spinal implants. An electromagnetic field can be generated by the reader device (e.g., a transmitting coil) to transmit electricity through the subject's skin to one or more spinal implants. The spinal implants can use the received energy to power or charge the implants.

[0054] The reader device may provide at least a portion of motion information and / or implant information to the electronic device. For example, the reader device may provide at least a portion of motion information and / or implant information to one or more client electronic devices and / or one or more electronic devices associated with the evaluation system. In an embodiment, motion information and / or implant information may be provided to the electronic device by removing a memory chip or other data storage device from the reader device and connecting it to the electronic device. Alternatively, the reader device may transmit at least a portion of the collected implant information and / or motion information to the electronic device via one or more communication networks. In some embodiments, the reader device may transmit information to the electronic device at specific times or intervals. In other embodiments, the reader device may transmit information to the electronic device in response to receiving a request from the electronic device.

[0055] One or more electronic devices, such as those associated with an evaluation system, can process at least a portion of 320 implant information and / or movement information. In various embodiments, the electronic devices can process 320 information to evaluate one or more characteristics or states of a spinal implant. Characteristics can indicate one or more abnormalities or potential problems with one or more spinal implants. For example, the information can be used to determine whether the implant has experienced abnormal or aberrant strain during certain movements. The information can be used to detect the fusion status of the subject's spine, whether the spinal implant has failed or malfunctioned, etc. The information can provide valuable insights into the implant's construction and fusion status.

[0056] For example, with successful spinal implant fusion, the stress on the implant hardware is relatively low because the bone bears the load from the implant. If the spinal implant continues to experience a certain level or pattern of strain after a period of time, this may be an indication that the implant fusion is not progressing well.

[0057] As another example, if a spinal implant is subjected to pressure exceeding a certain threshold or outside the expected range, it may indicate swelling around the implant. Similarly, if the temperature sensor on a spinal implant measures a temperature exceeding a certain threshold or outside the expected range, it may indicate infection in the area surrounding the spinal implant.

[0058] In various embodiments, the evaluation system may display information related to one or more characteristics or states of a spinal implant on one or more electronic devices. For example, the evaluation system may display indications of a spinal implant experiencing atypical characteristics on a tablet computer associated with the subject's clinician. The displayed information may include one or more measurements from one or more spinal implant sensors, such as, for example, strain measurements, pressure measurements, temperature measurements, etc. The clinician may use this information to determine whether any modifications to any spinal implant are necessary or to make other treatment recommendations for the wearer.

[0059] Figure 4 The illustration depicts exemplary hardware that can be used to contain or implement program instructions. Bus 400 serves as the main information highway interconnecting the other illustrated components of the hardware. CPU 405 is the system's central processing unit, performing the computational and logical operations required to execute the program. (Alone or in conjunction with...) Figure 4 The CPU 405, which combines one or more other elements disclosed herein, is an example of a processor as used in this disclosure. Read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM) constitute examples of non-transitory computer-readable storage medium 420, storage device, or data storage device, as such terms are used in this disclosure.

[0060] Program instructions, software, or interactive modules used to provide an interface and perform any queries or analyses associated with one or more datasets may be stored in memory device 420. Optionally, program instructions may be stored on a tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium such as an optical disc, digital disk, flash memory, memory card, USB drive, optical disc storage medium, and / or other recording media.

[0061] Optional display interface 430 allows information from bus 400 to be displayed on monitor 435 in audio, video, graphic, or alphanumeric format. Various communication ports 440 can be used to communicate with external devices. Communication port 440 can be attached to a communication network, such as the Internet or an intranet.

[0062] The hardware may also include an interface 445 that allows data to be received from an input device such as a keyboard 450 or other input devices 455 such as a touch screen, remote control, pointing device, video input device and / or audio input device.

[0063] It should be understood that the various disclosed and other features and capabilities, or alternatives thereof, described above can be ideally incorporated into many other different systems or applications, or combinations thereof. Similarly, those skilled in the art can subsequently make various alternatives, modifications, variations, or improvements that are not currently foreseen or anticipated, and these alternatives, modifications, variations, or improvements are also intended to be covered by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A system for assessing the status of a spinal implant, the system comprising: Reader device; Wearable body sensors, which include: First short-range receiver; First short-range transmitter; and Inertial measurement unit, The wearable body sensor is configured to: It is positioned on at least a portion of the wearer's spine. While the wearer is wearing the wearable body sensor and performing one or more movements, motion information corresponding to the wearer's spinal movements is measured. Spinal implants, comprising: One or more sensors are configured to measure implant information including one or more characteristics of the fusion state of the spinal implant as the wearer performs the one or more movements, wherein the one or more sensors include a load sensing component configured to detect strain experienced by the spinal implant; Second short-range receiver; as well as The second short-range transmitter, and An evaluation system, comprising one or more electronic devices, wherein the evaluation system communicates with the reader device. The wearable body sensor is configured to transmit at least a portion of the movement information to the reader device. The spinal implant is configured to transmit at least a portion of its implant information to the reader device via a second transmitter. The reader device is configured to provide at least a portion of the movement information and the implant information to the one or more electronic devices associated with the evaluation system. The one or more electronic devices are configured to process at least a portion of the implant information and the movement information to assess one or more characteristics of the fusion state of the spinal implant, thereby allowing determination of whether the spinal implant has been subjected to abnormal or abnormal strain during certain movements.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the wearable body sensor is attached to the wearer via an adhesive.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the wearable body sensor comprises a mobile electronic device.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more movements are part of a protocol.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a pressure sensor.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a second inertial measurement unit.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a temperature sensor.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the wearable body sensor is configured to transmit at least a portion of the movement information to the reader device when the reader device is within a short communication range of the wearable body sensor.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the spinal implant is configured to transmit at least a portion of the implant information to the reader device when the reader device is within a short communication distance of the spinal implant.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the reader device is further configured to transmit power to the spinal implant.

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