A vehicle power battery fire suppression device, method, power battery and vehicle

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fire suppression device, method, power battery and vehicle for a vehicle power battery, which belongs to the field of power battery safety technology, and includes at least one battery module arranged on the bottom plate of the lower box of the battery, and a fire extinguishing pipeline is arranged on the battery module, and one end of the fire extinguishing pipeline is respectively connected to a fire extinguishing agent storage bottle and a cooling agent storage bottle, and the fire extinguishing agent of the fire extinguishing agent storage bottle and the cooling agent of the cooling agent storage bottle can flow in the cavity of the fire extinguishing pipeline respectively. The present invention discloses a fire suppression device, method, power battery and vehicle for a vehicle power battery, and by arranging a fire extinguishing pipeline on the upper part of the battery cell, when the battery has thermal runaway, the fire extinguishing agent suppresses the generation of open flames, and then the cooling agent reduces the temperature of the triggering battery cell, delays the spread of thermal runaway in the battery pack system, protects the safety of the occupants in the vehicle, and minimizes the loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention discloses a vehicle power battery fire suppression device, a method, a power battery and a vehicle, belonging to the technical field of power battery safety. Background Art

[0002] With the increase in the number of electric vehicles, thermal runaway accidents are becoming more and more frequent. The safety of electric vehicles has become a hot topic of social concern. Lithium batteries are at risk of thermal runaway in the event of short circuit, overcharge, over-discharge, over-temperature, and mechanical damage. As the energy density of battery cells continues to increase, the risk of thermal runaway of lithium batteries is also increasing. The automotive power battery pack is a relatively closed space. Thermal runaway of a single battery cell will release a large amount of heat, which will then trigger a chain of thermal runaway of other batteries in the battery pack.

[0003] Current power battery products only have flame retardant devices such as fireproof panels inside the battery pack to slow down the spread of open flames to the outside of the power battery pack, but cannot prevent the spread of thermal runaway inside the battery pack. Therefore, it is urgent to propose a power battery fire suppression system to solve the above technical problems in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that existing power battery products cannot prevent the spread of thermal runaway in the battery pack, and to propose a vehicle power battery fire suppression device, method, power battery and vehicle.

[0005] The problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] A vehicle power battery fire suppression device comprises at least one battery module arranged on the bottom plate of a battery lower box, wherein a fire extinguishing pipeline is arranged on the battery module, and one end of the fire extinguishing pipeline is respectively connected to a fire extinguishing agent storage bottle and a cooling agent storage bottle, wherein the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing agent storage bottle and the cooling agent in the cooling agent storage bottle can respectively flow in the cavity of the fire extinguishing pipeline.

[0007] Preferably, the fire extinguishing pipeline comprises an inner tube, an outer tube is sleeved on the outer side of the inner tube, and a spray hole corresponding to the battery cell pressure relief valve of the battery module is provided on the outer side of the outer tube.

[0008] Preferably, one end of the fire extinguishing pipeline is closed, and the other end is connected to one end of the main delivery pipeline, and the other end of the main delivery pipeline is connected to the fire extinguishing agent storage bottle and the cooling agent storage bottle through the fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe and the cooling agent delivery pipe respectively.

[0009] Preferably, the battery module includes at least two battery cells, and a thermal insulation pad is provided between two adjacent battery cells.

[0010] Preferably, the fire extinguishing pipeline is S-shaped or U-shaped.

[0011] Preferably, the fire extinguishing agent storage bottle and the cooling agent storage bottle are connected to the fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe and the cooling agent delivery pipe through a fire extinguishing agent solenoid valve and a cooling agent solenoid valve, respectively.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes an inductive sensor arranged in the lower box of the battery, and the fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe and the cooling agent delivery pipe are respectively provided with a fire extinguishing agent pressure sensor and a cooling agent pressure sensor, and the inductive sensor, battery module, fire extinguishing agent solenoid valve, fire extinguishing agent pressure sensor, cooling agent pressure sensor and cooling agent solenoid valve are respectively electrically connected to the vehicle-mounted BMS battery system.

[0013] A method for suppressing fire of a vehicle power battery, comprising:

[0014] Step S10, the vehicle-mounted BMS battery system obtains power battery parameters, and the power battery parameters at least include: battery pack pressure, pressure change rate and battery cell temperature, etc.;

[0015] Step S20, determining whether at least two of the power battery parameters exceed a set threshold:

[0016] If yes, generate an alarm command and send it to the fire extinguishing agent solenoid valve to execute the next step;

[0017] No, repeat step S10;

[0018] Step S30, the fire extinguishing agent solenoid valve passes the fire extinguishing agent into the fire extinguishing pipeline after receiving the alarm command, and when the fire extinguishing agent pressure sensor cannot detect the fire extinguishing agent, the fire extinguishing agent solenoid valve is closed and a fire extinguishing agent feedback command is generated and sent to the vehicle-mounted BMS battery system;

[0019] Step S40, when the vehicle-mounted BMS battery system receives the fire extinguishing agent feedback instruction, it generates a cooling agent release instruction and sends it to the cooling agent solenoid valve. After receiving the cooling agent release instruction, the cooling agent solenoid valve passes the cooling agent into the fire extinguishing pipeline;

[0020] Step S50, when the cooling agent pressure sensor does not receive cooling agent, the cooling agent solenoid valve is closed.

[0021] A power battery, and the vehicle power battery fire suppression device as described above.

[0022] A vehicle comprises a vehicle body and the power battery as described above.

[0023] The present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0024] The present invention discloses a fire suppression device, method, power battery and vehicle for a vehicle power battery. A fire extinguishing pipeline is arranged on the upper part of a battery cell. The fire extinguishing pipeline is connected to a fire extinguishing agent storage bottle and a cooling agent storage bottle through a main delivery pipeline respectively through a fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe and a cooling agent delivery pipe. When thermal runaway occurs in the battery, the flame burns to the high-temperature-resistant inner layer tube of the fire extinguishing pipeline through a spray hole. The fire extinguishing agent is accurately sprayed into the upper part of the runaway battery cell along the spray hole to suppress the generation of open flames. Then the cooling agent is accurately sprayed into the battery cell along the spray hole and the battery cell pressure relief valve to the inside of the battery cell, thereby reducing the temperature of the triggered battery cell, delaying the spread of thermal runaway in the battery pack system, protecting the safety of the occupants in the vehicle, and minimizing the loss. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle power battery fire suppression device of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a fire extinguishing pipeline in a vehicle power battery fire suppression device of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the electrical connection of a quick-change power battery assembly that delays heat diffusion.

[0028] Among them, 1-fire extinguishing agent storage bottle, 2-cooling agent storage bottle, 3-fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe, 4-cooling agent delivery pipe, 5-main delivery pipeline, 6-pipe joint, 7-battery lower box, 8-gas pipeline, 81-outer layer tube, 82-inner layer tube, 83-injection hole, 9-battery module, 91-battery cell, 92-thermal insulation pad. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following is based on the attached Figure 1-3 The present invention is further described:

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the first embodiment of the present invention provides a vehicle power battery fire suppression device based on the prior art, including: a fire extinguishing agent storage bottle 1, a cooling agent storage bottle 2, a battery lower box 7, a fire extinguishing pipeline 8 and a battery module 9. The specific structure and connection method of the above-mentioned components will be introduced one by one below.

[0034] At least one battery module 9 is installed on the bottom plate of the lower battery box 7. In this embodiment, there are three battery modules 9. The three battery modules 9 are evenly and symmetrically arranged in the lower battery box 7. Each battery module 9 includes at least two battery cells 91. A thermal insulation pad 92 is installed between two adjacent battery cells 91. By adjusting the number of battery cells 91, module designs of different lengths can be achieved. The thermal insulation pad 92 is a non-metallic material, including but not limited to aerogel, rubber, etc. When the module expands, it can absorb large energy and be compressed to ensure the normal expansion of the module.

[0035] A fire extinguishing pipeline 8 is installed on the battery module 9. Figure 2 As shown, the fire extinguishing pipeline 8 includes an inner tube 82, an outer tube 81 is sleeved on the outer side of the inner tube 82, and a spray hole 83 corresponding to the battery cell pressure relief valve of the battery module 9 is provided on the outer side of the outer tube 81. The material of the outer tube 81 is a high temperature resistant insulating material, such as mica, which can withstand a temperature of more than 2000K. The material of the inner tube 82 is a non-high temperature resistant material, such as PP or PE, which has a temperature resistance of no more than 500K. When the battery cell has thermal runaway, the flame passes through the spray hole 83 and burns the inner tube 82 of the fire extinguishing pipeline. Since the inner tube 82 is not resistant to high temperature, the tube wall is burned; the gas fire extinguishing agent is accurately sprayed into the top of the runaway battery cell along the spray hole 83 to suppress the generation of open flames, and the cooling agent is accurately sprayed into the battery cell along the spray hole 83 and the battery cell pressure relief valve to reduce the temperature of the triggered battery cell. The fire extinguishing pipeline 8 is S-shaped or U-shaped, and presents different shapes according to the number and distribution of the battery modules 2. This embodiment is S-shaped.

[0036] One end of the fire extinguishing pipeline 8 is closed, and the other end is connected to one end of the main delivery pipeline 5. The other end of the main delivery pipeline 5 is connected to the fire extinguishing agent storage bottle 1 and the cooling agent storage bottle 2 through the fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe 3 and the cooling agent delivery pipe 4 respectively through the pipe joint 6. The fire extinguishing agent storage bottle 1 and the cooling agent storage bottle 2 are connected to the fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe 3 and the cooling agent delivery pipe 4 respectively through the fire extinguishing agent solenoid valve and the cooling agent solenoid valve. The material of the battery lower box 7 includes but is not limited to high-strength and easy-to-form materials such as aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, and iron alloy. After being connected to the thermal management system, it can realize the heating and cooling of the battery module 9, and the fixation and safety of the battery module, which reduces the weight of the lower box assembly and realizes the lightweight design of the battery pack.

[0037] The induction sensor is installed in the battery lower box 7, and the fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe 3 and the cooling agent delivery pipe 4 are respectively installed with a fire extinguishing agent pressure sensor and a cooling agent pressure sensor. Figure 3 As shown, the extinguisher is electrically connected to the fire extinguishing agent solenoid valve and the cooling agent solenoid valve respectively, and the induction sensor, battery module 9, fire extinguishing agent pressure sensor, cooling agent pressure sensor, fire extinguishing agent solenoid valve and cooling agent solenoid valve are electrically connected to the vehicle-mounted BMS battery system respectively.

[0038] After introducing the composition of the vehicle power battery fire suppression device and the connection relationship between them, the suppression method will be introduced below, including:

[0039] Step S10, the vehicle-mounted BMS battery system obtains power battery parameters, which include at least: battery pack pressure, pressure change rate, battery cell temperature, temperature change rate, battery cell voltage and voltage change rate, etc.

[0040] Step S20, judging whether at least two data of the power battery parameters exceed the set thresholds, including judging: whether the battery pack pressure exceeds the threshold P1; whether the pressure change rate exceeds the threshold dP1; whether the battery cell temperature exceeds the threshold T1; whether the temperature change rate exceeds the threshold dT1; whether the battery cell voltage exceeds the threshold V1 and whether the voltage change rate exceeds dV1:

[0041] When it is determined that at least two of the power battery parameters exceed the set threshold, when the battery cell has thermal runaway, the flame passes through the injection hole 83 and burns the inner tube 82 of the fire extinguishing pipeline. Since the inner tube 82 is not resistant to high temperature, the tube wall is burned, and the induction sensor sends an alarm to the vehicle-mounted BMS battery system, generates an alarm instruction and sends it to the fire extinguishing agent solenoid valve to execute the next step;

[0042] No, repeat step S10 to repeatedly obtain the power battery parameters.

[0043] Step S30, the fire extinguishing agent solenoid valve passes the fire extinguishing agent into the fire extinguishing pipeline after receiving the alarm command, and when the fire extinguishing agent pressure sensor cannot detect the fire extinguishing agent, the fire extinguishing agent solenoid valve is closed and a fire extinguishing agent feedback command is generated and sent to the vehicle-mounted BMS battery system;

[0044] Step S40, when the vehicle-mounted BMS battery system receives the fire extinguishing agent feedback instruction, it generates a cooling agent release instruction and sends it to the cooling agent solenoid valve. After receiving the cooling agent release instruction, the cooling agent solenoid valve passes the cooling agent into the fire extinguishing pipeline;

[0045] Step S50, when the cooling agent pressure sensor does not receive cooling agent, the cooling agent solenoid valve is closed.

[0046] Based on the first embodiment, a second embodiment and a third embodiment are also disclosed. The second embodiment is a power battery, including the vehicle power battery fire suppression device described in the first embodiment. The third embodiment is a vehicle, including a vehicle body and the power battery described in the second embodiment.

[0047] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the embodiments. It can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily realized. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and equivalent scope, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described here.

Claims

1. A method for suppressing a fire of a vehicle power battery, applied to a vehicle power battery fire suppression device, comprising at least one battery module (9) arranged on an inner bottom plate of a battery lower box (7), a fire extinguishing pipeline (8) being arranged on the battery module (9), one end of the fire extinguishing pipeline (8) being connected to a fire extinguishing agent storage bottle (1) and a cooling agent storage bottle (2) respectively, the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing agent storage bottle (1) and the cooling agent in the cooling agent storage bottle (2) respectively being able to flow in the cavity of the fire extinguishing pipeline (8), the fire extinguishing pipeline (8) comprising an inner layer tube (82), an outer layer tube (81) being sheathed on the outer side of the inner layer tube (82), and a spray hole (83) corresponding to a cell pressure relief valve of the battery module (9) being arranged on the outer side of the outer layer tube (81); One end of the fire extinguishing pipeline (8) is closed, and the other end is connected to one end of the main delivery pipeline (5); the other end of the main delivery pipeline (5) is connected to the fire extinguishing agent storage bottle (1) and the cooling agent storage bottle (2) through the fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe (3) and the cooling agent delivery pipe (4), respectively; the fire extinguishing agent storage bottle (1) and the cooling agent storage bottle (2) are connected to the fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe (3) and the cooling agent delivery pipe (4) through the fire extinguishing agent solenoid valve and the cooling agent solenoid valve, respectively; It also includes an inductive sensor arranged in the lower box (7) of the battery, the fire extinguishing agent delivery pipe (3) and the cooling agent delivery pipe (4) are respectively provided with a fire extinguishing agent pressure sensor and a cooling agent pressure sensor, the inductive sensor, the battery module (9), the fire extinguishing agent solenoid valve, the fire extinguishing agent pressure sensor, the cooling agent pressure sensor and the cooling agent solenoid valve are respectively electrically connected to the vehicle-mounted BMS battery system, the battery module (9) includes at least two battery cells (91), and a heat insulation pad (92) is arranged between two adjacent battery cells (91), the fire extinguishing pipeline (8) is S-shaped or U-shaped, and is characterized in that: include: Step S10, the vehicle-mounted BMS battery system acquires power battery parameters, and the power battery parameters at least include: battery pack pressure, pressure change rate and battery cell temperature; Step S20, determining whether at least two of the power battery parameters exceed a set threshold: If yes, generate an alarm command and send it to the fire extinguishing agent solenoid valve to execute the next step; No, repeat step S10; Step S30, after receiving the alarm command, the fire extinguishing agent solenoid valve introduces the fire extinguishing agent into the fire extinguishing pipeline (8); when the fire extinguishing agent pressure sensor cannot detect the fire extinguishing agent, the fire extinguishing agent solenoid valve is closed and a fire extinguishing agent feedback command is generated and sent to the vehicle-mounted BMS battery system; Step S40, when the vehicle-mounted BMS battery system receives the fire extinguishing agent feedback instruction, it generates a cooling agent release instruction and sends it to the cooling agent solenoid valve, and after receiving the cooling agent release instruction, the cooling agent solenoid valve passes the cooling agent into the fire extinguishing pipeline (8); Step S50, when the cooling agent pressure sensor does not receive cooling agent, the cooling agent solenoid valve is closed.

2. A power battery, characterized in that: It includes the vehicle power battery fire suppression device in the vehicle power battery fire suppression method as claimed in claim 1.

3. A vehicle, characterized in that: It comprises a vehicle body and a power battery as claimed in claim 2.

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