A large-capacity battery case

Abstract

The present application discloses a large-capacity battery housing, including a housing with a hollow structure. It is characterized in that the housing includes an upper cavity, a side cavity, and a lower cavity that are interconnected. A first explosion relief structure is provided on the inner wall of the lower cavity, and a second explosion relief structure is provided on the outer wall of the upper cavity; a treatment material layer for treating toxic and harmful substances ejected after the battery thermal runaway is filled in the upper cavity, the lower cavity, and the side cavity. When the battery gets out of control, the internal temperature of the battery increases and the pressure rises. When it is greater than the set value of the explosion relief structure, the first explosion relief structure and the second explosion relief structure are successively opened. The electrolyte or the toxic and combustible gases generated in the battery are cooled, adsorbed, filtered, and inerted through the treatment material layer, and then non-toxic and non-combustible substances are discharged through the second explosion relief structure, eliminating the fire risk.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of batteries, and particularly to a large battery cavity housing structure. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, lithium battery technology has developed rapidly and has been used in more and more fields. However, due to the principle and structural characteristics of lithium batteries, internal short circuits of the positive and negative electrodes will occur during overcharging, short circuits, overheating, or manufacturing defects of lithium-ion batteries, resulting in a large amount of gas and heat being generated instantaneously inside the battery cell. When the battery is in thermal runaway combustion caused by the reaction of components such as the diaphragm and electrolyte at high temperatures inside the battery, a large amount of combustible gas will be generated by the battery cell materials during thermal runaway, causing the battery box to tear or explode. The participation of a large amount of oxygen in combustion will exacerbate the spread of thermal runaway, resulting in a large-area fire that is difficult to suppress, with extremely high hazards.

[0003] Currently, for the fires after battery thermal runaway in the market, the main treatment method is to use traditional fire extinguishing agents to extinguish the fire. However, this method is a passive defense and can only extinguish the fire source outside the battery, without a device for actively treating the electrolyte and combustible gas.

[0004] Patent CN112421160A discloses a high-energy lithium battery and a large-scale energy storage system including the lithium battery. The battery is stored in a battery tank filled with a heat-conducting liquid. During normal operation, the circulating heat-conducting liquid can take out the heat inside the battery. When thermal runaway occurs, the explosion relief component of the high-energy lithium battery ruptures, allowing the battery components inside the housing to come into contact with the external environment as much as possible, and enabling flammable substances such as the electrolyte of the high-energy lithium battery to quickly dissolve into the heat-conducting absorption liquid, which can quickly terminate the thermal runaway reaction inside the battery cell and avoid the risk of thermal runaway of the entire battery system. However, this patent includes multiple systems and mainly focuses on the heat dissipation of the battery pack and the absorption of the electrolyte after thermal runaway, without involving a single battery system.

[0005] Patent CN201922495663.6 discloses an explosion-proof battery, including a top cover, a bottom cover, an outer shell, and an inner shell. Among them: the outer shell, the top cover, and the bottom cover enclose a closed hollow cavity structure. A chute is provided on the inner wall of the outer shell, and a fixing plate is provided at the bottom of the chute. Limit rings are provided at the upper and lower ends of the chute, and connecting grooves are provided on the limit rings. In the present utility model, when a short circuit occurs inside the battery or the battery is impacted or shocked by a large external force, the notch groove of the fuse column will be damaged and cracked first. The insulating liquid filled in the hollow cavity will rush into the inner shell from the damaged part under the action of pressure. The insulating liquid will mix with the electrolyte, rapidly increase the resistance of the electrolyte, greatly reduce the short-circuit current, and reduce the heat release of the battery short circuit, thereby effectively preventing the battery from catching fire and exploding. This utility model needs to weld the fuse column in the inner and outer chambers, which is not easy to operate, and the hollow cavity needs to be pressurized, which has a certain impact on the sealing reliability of the battery and is not suitable for actual use. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:

[0007] An embodiment of this application provides a large-capacity battery housing, including a housing with a hollow structure. The housing includes an upper hollow cavity, a side hollow cavity, and a lower hollow cavity that are interconnected. A first explosion relief structure is provided on the inner wall of the lower hollow cavity, and a second explosion relief structure is provided on the outer wall of the upper hollow cavity;

[0008] The upper hollow cavity, the lower hollow cavity, and the side hollow cavity are filled with a treatment material layer for treating toxic and harmful substances ejected after the battery thermal runaway.

[0009] Further, in the embodiment provided in this application, a plurality of sub-hollow cavities that are connected in parallel are further provided in the side hollow cavity. The sub-hollow cavity is a cylindrical hollow structure. The bottom of the hollow structure is connected to the lower hollow cavity, and the top is connected to the upper hollow cavity; a plurality of the hollow structures are arranged in parallel in the side hollow cavity.

[0010] Further, in the embodiment provided in this application, the first explosion relief structure is one or more of a fusible metal block, a heat-sensitive glass ball explosion relief body, an explosion relief film, an explosion relief valve, and a weak groove. The second explosion relief structure is one or more of an explosion relief film, an explosion relief valve, and a weak groove.

[0011] Further, in the embodiment provided in this application, the explosion relief threshold of the first explosion relief structure is greater than the explosion relief threshold of the second explosion relief structure.

[0012] Further, in the embodiment provided in this application, the upper hollow cavity, the lower hollow cavity, and the side hollow cavity are integrally formed.

[0013] Further, in the embodiments provided by the application, the upper cavity, the lower cavity and the side cavity are connected by welding or bolt fixing.

[0014] Further, in the embodiments provided by the application, the treatment substance layer is one or more of a cooling substance layer, an adsorption and filtration substance layer, and a fire-fighting substance layer. The cooling substance layer is one or more of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramics, and carbon rods. The adsorption and filtration substance layer is one or more of activated carbon, molecular sieve, macroporous adsorption resin, and polyamide.

[0015] Further, in the embodiments provided by the application, the fire-fighting substance layer is one or several of perfluoromethyl isopropyl ketone, pentafluoroethane, difluoromethane, bromochlorodifluoromethane, bromotrifluoromethane, 1,2-dibromo-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, heptafluoropropane, trifluoromethane, dibromofluoromethane, bromochloromethane, dibromodifluoromethane, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, fluoroalkyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl octyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trimethyl phosphate, isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate, tris(4-methoxyphenyl) phosphate, tolyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl octyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, ethylene ethyl phosphate, tris(β-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl) phosphate, tris(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl) phosphate, phosphite flame retardants, trimethyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite, tributyl phosphite, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite, phosphite triesters, phosphonate flame retardants, dimethyl methylphosphonate, diethyl ethylphosphonate, diethyl phenylphosphonate, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) methylphosphonate, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ethylphosphonate, diethyl 2-(thiophenemethyl)phosphonate, hexamethoxycyclotriphosphazene, hexakis(methoxyethoxyethoxy)cyclotriphosphazene, unsaturated alkoxycyclotriphosphazene, hexakis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)cyclotriphosphazene, ethoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, phenoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, 4-methoxy-phenoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, 2-chloro-4-methoxy-phenoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, poly[bis(methoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene], poly[bis(ethoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene], phosphazene small molecules, hexafluorocyclotriphosphazene, ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene, hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] In the case of battery out-of-control, there is no need to separately set up a fire-fighting unit. The spilled electrolyte and the generated combustible gas can be absorbed, filtered and diluted by the electrolyte treatment substance in one chamber, and finally the non-combustible substances are discharged through the second explosion relief structure on the outer wall of the upper cavity, eliminating the possibility of the battery catching fire.

[0018] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the present application will be partially reflected in the following description and partially understood by those skilled in the art through the research and practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall appearance of the present application.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic side sectional view of the present application.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic upper sectional view of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0023] The following further elaborates on the present application in detail with reference to the drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it according to the description in the specification.

[0024] It should be understood that the terms such as "having", "including", and "comprising" used herein do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or their combinations.

[0025] The technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a large-capacity battery housing, including a housing 1 with a positive electrode post 2 and a negative electrode post 3. The housing 1 includes an upper cavity 6, a side cavity 8, and a lower cavity 7 that are interconnected. A second explosion relief structure 4 is provided on the outer wall of the upper cavity 6, and a first explosion relief structure 9 is provided on the inner wall of the lower cavity 7. The upper cavity 6, the lower cavity 7, and the side cavity 8 are all filled with a treatment substance for treating toxic and harmful substances ejected after the battery thermal runaway.

[0027] Further, in the embodiment provided by the application, a plurality of sub-cavities that are connected in parallel are further provided in the side cavity 8. The sub-cavities are cylindrical hollow structures. The bottom of the hollow structure is connected to the lower cavity, and the top is connected to the upper cavity. The plurality of hollow structures are arranged in parallel in the side cavity.

[0028] Further, in the embodiments provided by the application, the first explosion relief structure 9 is one or more of a fusible metal block, a heat-sensitive glass bulb explosion relief body, an explosion relief membrane, an explosion relief valve, and a weakening groove. The second explosion relief structure 4 is one or more of an explosion relief membrane, an explosion relief valve, and a weakening groove.

[0029] Further, in the embodiments provided by the application, the explosion relief threshold of the first explosion relief structure 9 is greater than that of the second explosion relief structure 4.

[0030] Further, in the embodiments provided by the application, the upper cavity 6, the lower cavity 7, and the side cavity 8 are integrally formed.

[0031] Further, in the embodiments provided by the application, the upper cavity, the lower cavity, and the side cavity are connected by welding or bolt fixation.

[0032] Further, in the embodiments provided by the application, the treatment material layer is one or more of a cooling material layer, an adsorption and filtration material layer, and a fire-fighting material layer. The cooling material layer is one or more of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramics, and carbon rods. The adsorption and filtration material layer is one or more of activated carbon, molecular sieve, macroporous adsorption resin, and polyamide.

[0033] Further, in the embodiments provided by the application, the fire-fighting substance layer is one or more of perfluoromethyl isopropyl ketone, pentafluoroethane, difluoromethane, bromochlorodifluoromethane, bromotrifluoromethane, tetrafluorodibromoethane, heptafluoropropane, trifluoromethane, bromodifluoromethane, bromochloromethane, dibromodifluoromethane, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, fluoroalkyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl octyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trimethyl phosphate, isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate, tris(4-methoxyphenyl) phosphate, tolyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl octyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, ethylene ethyl phosphate, tris(β-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl) phosphate, tris(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl) phosphate, phosphite flame retardants, trimethyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite, tributyl phosphite, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite, phosphite triesters, phosphonate flame retardants, dimethyl methylphosphonate, diethyl ethylphosphonate, diethyl phenylphosphonate, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) methylphosphonate, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ethylphosphonate, diethyl 2-(thiophenemethyl)phosphonate, hexamethoxycyclotriphosphazene, hexakis(methoxyethoxyethoxy)cyclotriphosphazene, unsaturated alkoxycyclotriphosphazene, hexakis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)cyclotriphosphazene, ethoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, phenoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, 4-methoxy-phenoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, 2-chloro-4-methoxy-phenoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, poly[bis(methoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene], poly[bis(ethoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene], phosphazene small molecules, hexafluorocyclotriphosphazene, ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene, hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] As Figures 1 to 3 , a cavity housing 1 with a positive electrode post 2 and a negative electrode post 3, wherein the cavity housing 1 includes an upper cavity 6, a lower cavity 7 and a side cavity 8 that communicate with each other, and a first explosion relief structure 9 and a second explosion relief structure 4 are respectively provided on the inner wall of the lower cavity and the outer wall of the upper cavity; the first explosion relief structure 9 is a grooved pattern, and the second explosion relief structure 4 is an explosion relief film; ceramic balls are installed in the lower cavity 7, and activated carbon is installed in the side cavity 8 and the upper cavity 6.

[0036] When the battery core 5 disposed in the housing 1 gets out of control, the internal temperature of the battery increases and the pressure rises. When it is greater than the set values of the explosion relief structure 9 and the second explosion relief structure 4, the explosion relief structures of the battery are successively opened. The electrolyte or the toxic and combustible gases generated by the battery are first cooled by the ceramic balls installed in the lower cavity 7, then adsorbed by the activated carbon in the side cavity 8 and the upper cavity 6, and finally the non-combustible substances are discharged through the second explosion relief structure 4.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] The first explosion relief structure 9 is an explosion relief valve, and the second explosion relief structure 4 is an explosion relief film; a perfluorinated hexanone and triphenyl phosphate mixture is filled in the upper cavity 6, the lower cavity 7 and the side cavity 8, and the rest is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0039] When the battery cell 5 disposed in the housing 1 gets out of control, the internal temperature of the battery increases and the pressure rises. When it is greater than the set values of the explosion relief structure 9 and the second explosion relief structure 4, the battery explosion relief structures are successively opened, and the electrolyte or the toxic and combustible gases generated by the battery are absorbed and diluted by the perfluorinated hexanone and triphenyl phosphate in the upper cavity 6, the lower cavity 7 and the side cavity 8, and finally the non-combustible substances are discharged through the second explosion relief structure 4.

[0040] Although the embodiments of the present application have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the embodiments. It can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present application. For those skilled in the art, additional modifications can be easily achieved. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the equivalent scope, the present application is not limited to the specific details and the illustrated examples here.

Claims

1. A large-capacity battery housing, comprising a housing with a hollow structure, characterized in that, The interior of the housing includes an upper cavity, a side cavity, and a lower cavity that are interconnected. The inner wall of the lower cavity is provided with a first explosion relief structure, and the outer wall of the upper cavity is provided with a second explosion relief structure; the explosion relief threshold of the first explosion relief structure is greater than that of the second explosion relief structure; The upper cavity, the lower cavity, and the side cavity are filled with a treatment material layer for treating toxic and harmful substances ejected after the thermal runaway of the battery; When the pressure is greater than the set values of the first explosion relief structure and the second explosion relief structure, the first explosion relief structure and the second explosion relief structure are successively opened. The electrolyte or the generated toxic and combustible gases of the battery are first treated by the treatment material layer contained in the lower cavity, then by the treatment material layers in the side cavity and the upper cavity, and finally the incombustible substances are discharged through the second explosion relief structure.

2. The large-capacity battery housing according to claim 1, wherein, A plurality of sub-cavities that are connected in parallel are further provided in the side cavity.

3. The large-capacity battery housing according to claim 2, wherein, The sub-cavity is a cylindrical hollow structure. The bottom of the hollow structure is connected to the lower cavity, and the top is connected to the upper cavity; a plurality of the hollow structures are arranged in parallel in the side cavity.

4. The large-capacity battery housing according to claim 1, wherein, The first explosion relief structure is one or more of a fusible metal block, a heat-sensitive glass ball explosion relief body, an explosion relief film, an explosion relief valve, and a weakening groove.

5. A large-capacity battery housing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second explosion relief structure is one or more of an explosion relief film, an explosion relief valve, and a weakening groove.

6. A large-capacity battery housing according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The upper cavity, the lower cavity, and the side cavity are integrally formed.

7. A large-capacity battery case according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The upper cavity, the lower cavity, and the side cavity are connected by welding or bolt fixation.

8. A large-capacity battery housing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The treatment material layer is one or more of a cooling material layer, an adsorption and filtration material layer, and a fire-fighting material layer.

9. The large-capacity battery housing according to claim 8, wherein The cooling material layer is one or more of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramics, and carbon rods.

10. A large-capacity battery housing according to claim 8, characterized in that, The adsorption and filtration material layer is one or more of activated carbon, molecular sieve, macroporous adsorption resin, and polyamide.

11. A large-capacity battery housing according to claim 8, characterized in that, The fire-fighting material layer is one or more of perfluoromethyl hexanone, pentafluoroethane, difluoromethane, bromochlorodifluoromethane, bromotrifluoromethane, tetrafluorodibromoethane, heptafluoropropane, trifluoromethane, bromodifluoromethane, bromochloromethane, dibromodifluoromethane, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, fluoroalkyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl octyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trimethyl phosphate, isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate, tris(4-methoxyphenyl) phosphate, tolyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl octyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, ethylene ethyl phosphate, tris(β-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl) phosphate, tris(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl) phosphate, phosphite flame retardants, trimethyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite, tributyl phosphite, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite, phosphite triester, phosphonate flame retardants, dimethyl methylphosphonate, diethyl ethylphosphonate, diethyl phenylphosphonate, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) methylphosphonate, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ethylphosphonate, diethyl 2-(thiophenemethyl)phosphonate, hexamethoxycyclotriphosphazene, hexakis(methoxyethoxyethoxy)cyclotriphosphazene, unsaturated alkoxycyclotriphosphazene, hexakis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)cyclotriphosphazene, ethoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, phenoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, 4-methoxy-phenoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, 2-chloro-4-methoxy-phenoxypentafluorocyclotriphosphazene, poly[bis(methoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene], poly[bis(ethoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene], phosphazene small molecules, hexafluorocyclotriphosphazene, ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene, hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene.

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