A pulse excitation loading mechanism for a track structure and a method of using the same

Abstract

The present invention provides a pulse excitation loading mechanism for a track structure and a method for using the same. The device comprises: a power drive system, a data acquisition device and an assembled loading wheel are fixedly connected through a support frame, the assembled loading wheel is subjected to section processing, and a rotating motor drives the entire device to move forward along a test track to achieve loading pulse excitation; the data acquisition device collects impact force signals, vibration acceleration and sound pressure information through sensors, analyzes the information, and can obtain track defect identification results. The present invention can adjust the size of the loading force by adjusting the weight and travel speed of the loading mechanism, while ensuring the loading force amplitude and pulse characteristics, so that the applied excitation force is more stable, thereby effectively identifying defects on the test track.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of track detection technology, and in particular to a pulse excitation loading mechanism for a track structure and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Rail transit refers to a type of transportation vehicle or transportation system in which operating vehicles need to travel on specific tracks. The most typical rail transit is a railway system consisting of traditional trains and standard railways. With the diversified development of train and railway technology, rail transit has shown more and more types, not only covering long-distance land transportation, but also widely used in medium and short-distance urban public transportation.

[0003] As the operating mileage of rail transit continues to increase, under the reciprocating action of train loads, various types of defects have appeared in the track structure one after another, and the demand for track line maintenance and track inspection has continued to increase.

[0004] One of the existing track inspection methods is on-site manual inspection. The disadvantages of this method are that the on-site inspection method relies heavily on the workers' operating experience, and the inspection levels of different operators vary. There is a lack of an accurate inspection method that does not rely on manual experience.

[0005] Another existing rail inspection method is based on laser technology and image processing technology. The disadvantages of this method are that it is seriously affected by the lighting environment and the dirt on the surface of the structure, and it is also difficult to detect some hidden defects that appear normal but have failed in actual mechanical state.

[0006] For the detection of track dynamic stiffness, one track detection method in the prior art is to use a large fatigue testing machine to apply exciting forces of different frequencies to the rails, and then use force sensors and acceleration sensors to collect the exciting forces and rail acceleration responses at different frequencies, so as to calculate the dynamic stiffness of the entire track at each exciting frequency. This method is affected by the loading amplitude and loading frequency, and can only obtain the dynamic stiffness of the track structure at low frequencies, but cannot obtain the dynamic stiffness of the track structure in the high-frequency range. At the same time, the boundary conditions imposed on the track structure by the large test bench during the test are also different from those on site.

[0007] Another track detection method in the prior art is to use a small excitation device that can be fixed on site. The device applies an excitation force within a preset excitation frequency range to the rail within a preset time, and collects force signals and displacement signals on the rail to calculate the corresponding change relationship between the dynamic stiffness of the track structure and the excitation frequency. The amplitude of the force applied by this method is small, which is somewhat different from the vehicle load, the loading frequency range is low, the single-group test process is slow, and the test efficiency is low. Summary of the invention

[0008] The embodiment of the present invention provides a pulse excitation loading mechanism of a track structure and a use method thereof, so as to realize effective disease identification of a test track.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme.

[0010] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pulse excitation loading mechanism of a track structure, comprising: a power drive system, a data acquisition device, an assembled loading wheel and a support frame, wherein the power drive system, the data acquisition device and the assembled loading wheel are fixedly connected by the support frame, and a battery in the power drive system supplies power to the entire device;

[0011] The assembled loading wheel is subjected to section processing, and the rotating motor in the power drive system drives the entire device to move forward along the test track. During the rotating forward process of the assembled loading wheel, an impact load is generated on the track every time the assembled loading wheel rotates one circle, thereby realizing pulse excitation loading;

[0012] The data acquisition device acquires and stores in real time through sensors the impact force signal, vibration acceleration and sound pressure information generated by the assembled loading wheel impacting the test track.

[0013] Preferably, the power drive system includes a battery, a rotating motor, an electrical control cabinet, a control switch box, a rotating shaft, a sprocket, a rotating shaft and a speed regulator;

[0014] The data acquisition device includes a two-in-one sensor, a sound pressure sensor, a rotating slip ring, a controller and a display screen;

[0015] The assembled loading wheel comprises a split wheel, a retaining flange, a pressure column and a guide column.

[0016] Preferably, the support frame includes a profile frame, an armrest, a display screen fixing bracket, a motor bracket, a collection instrument mounting plate, a bottom plate, a connecting plate and a vertical plate;

[0017] Matching auxiliary accessories include chain guard, hexagonal bolts, washers, round nuts, deep groove ball bearings with dust covers, spacer rings and swivel brackets.

[0018] Preferably, the split wheel is trimmed, and the pressure column is connected to the two-in-one sensor through a guide column. The floating ball head of the pressure column protrudes 2 mm from the cross section of the split wheel. Rounded corners are set at the front and rear edges of the cross section of the split wheel. The two split wheels are connected through a retaining flange. The pressure column hits the rail once every time the wheel rotates one circle.

[0019] Preferably, the profile frame in the supporting frame is connected to the acquisition instrument mounting plate and the base plate, the profile frame is used to install the controller, the battery and the rotating motor, the armrest is connected to the profile frame, the display screen fixing bracket is connected to the profile frame, the vertical plate connects the rotating shaft and the supporting frame, and the two ends of the connecting plate are respectively connected to the vertical plates.

[0020] Preferably, the two-in-one force sensor in the data acquisition device is installed inside the split wheel and connected to the pressure column through a guide column. The sound pressure sensor is fixedly installed under the profile frame. The rotating slip ring is connected to the rotating shaft and the vertical plate. The controller is connected to the two-in-one sensor and the sound pressure sensor circuit.

[0021] Preferably, the battery in the power drive system is fixed on the collection instrument mounting plate, the rotating motor is fixed on the motor bracket, the electrical control cabinet is fixed on the profile frame, a 24V DC power supply, a relay and a circuit breaker are arranged in the electrical control cabinet, a control switch box is fixed on the profile frame, and is used to control the start and stop of the loading mechanism, a sprocket is connected to the rotating motor, and another sprocket is connected to the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft connects the two sprockets, the rotating shaft is connected to the sprocket, the vertical plate, the assembled loading wheel, and the rotating slip ring, the chain, the sprocket and the rotating shaft work together to enable the rotating motor to drive the assembled loading wheel to roll forward, and the speed regulator is fixed on the surface of the electrical cabinet, and is used to adjust the rotation speed of the motor.

[0022] Preferably, the chain guard in the matching auxiliary accessories is installed on the outside of the chain, and the various components are connected by hexagonal bolts and gaskets. The rotating shaft and the vertical plate are connected by round nuts, deep groove ball bearings with dust covers, and spacer rings. The vertical plate and the rotating slip ring are connected by a rotating bracket, so that one end of the rotating slip ring is fixed and the other end rotates with the rotating shaft.

[0023] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for using the pulse excitation loading mechanism of the track structure is provided, comprising:

[0024] The assembled loading wheel is replaced according to the actual fastener spacing of the test track, and the initial position of the assembled loading wheel is set just above the fastener of the test track. The circumference of the assembled loading wheel is close to the fastener spacing of the test track. The user holds the device in the forward direction and presses the start switch. The rotary motor in the power drive system drives the entire device to move forward along the test track at the set speed.

[0025] The assembled loading wheel is subjected to section processing, and the rotating motor in the power drive system drives the entire device to move forward along the test track. During the rotation and forward movement of the assembled loading wheel, an impact load is generated on the track every time the assembled loading wheel rotates one circle, thereby realizing pulse excitation loading. The two-in-one sensor collects and stores the impact force signal and vibration acceleration generated by the assembled loading wheel hitting the test track in real time, and the sound pressure sensor collects the noise signal in real time. A display screen is installed on the device, and the two-in-one sensor and the sound pressure sensor transmit the collected signals to the display screen, and the display screen displays the signal data collected by the two-in-one sensor and the sound pressure sensor.

[0026] Preferably, rounded corners are provided at the front and rear edges of the cut surface of the assembled loading wheel. Each time the assembled loading wheel is loaded, it is near the fastener. Each time the assembled loading wheel rotates one circle, the pressure column hits the rail once to achieve pulse excitation loading. Under the condition of controlling the travel speed of the assembled loading wheel to remain unchanged, the magnitude of the exciting force each time is ensured to be consistent.

[0027] The loading force can be adjusted by adjusting the weight and travel speed of the loading mechanism, and the height of the highest point of each drop is only related to the wheel diameter and the design height of the flat surface.

[0028] It can be seen from the technical solutions provided by the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention that the device of the embodiments of the present invention can adjust the magnitude of the loading force by adjusting the weight and travel speed of the loading mechanism under the premise of ensuring the loading force amplitude and pulse characteristics, so that the applied excitation force is more stable, and thus can be used as a standard pulse excitation source. And by utilizing the characteristics of the standard pulse load, the track defects can be identified when the track structure responds differently under the same excitation source. By performing Fourier transform on the time domain response of the measured rail acceleration and force signals, the frequency domain response of the rail acceleration and force signals is obtained, and then the track dynamic stiffness curve under different excitation frequencies is obtained.

[0029] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, which will become obvious from the following description, or may be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 An overall assembly diagram of a pulse excitation loading mechanism of a track structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 A front view of the overall assembly diagram of a pulse excitation loading mechanism of a track structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 A side view of the overall assembly diagram of a pulse excitation loading mechanism of a track structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 A structural diagram of an assembled loading wheel provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be interpreted as limiting the present invention.

[0036] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless expressly stated, the singular forms "one", "said", and "the" used herein may also include plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "comprising" used in the specification of the present invention refers to the presence of the features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we refer to an element as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it may be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. In addition, the "connection" or "coupling" used herein may include wireless connection or coupling. The term "and / or" used herein includes any unit and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0037] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art in the art to which the present invention belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in common dictionaries should be understood to have meanings consistent with the meanings in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted with idealized or overly formal meanings unless defined as herein.

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Similar components in the accompanying drawings are represented by the same reference numerals. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the content described below is illustrative rather than restrictive, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] The embodiment of the present invention proposes a pulse excitation loading mechanism for a track structure, and the working process of the mechanism mainly includes: first, the assembled loading wheel is subjected to section processing so that the pulse excitation loading can be realized when the wheel moves along the test track. The rotating motor drives the entire mechanism to move forward along the test track. During the moving process, the data acquisition device collects and stores the impact force signal, vibration acceleration and sound pressure information generated by the assembled loading wheel hitting the test track through sensors. Finally, all the data stored in the data acquisition device are analyzed to obtain the dynamic stiffness of the track structure and track disease information.

[0040] The overall assembly diagram of a pulse excitation loading mechanism of a track structure proposed in an embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the front view of the assembly drawing is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the side view of the assembly drawing is as follows Figure 3 As shown. It includes a power drive system, a data acquisition device, an assembled loading wheel 3, a support frame and matching auxiliary accessories. The power drive system, the data acquisition device and the assembled loading wheel are fixedly connected through the support frame, and the battery in the power drive system supplies power to the entire device.

[0041] The circular wheel itself has no impact effect on the track. A section is machined into the wheel so that the wheel will have an impact effect on the track when it moves on the track. Therefore, when the wheel moves along the track, an impact load is applied to the track every time it rotates one circle. This impact load is called pulse excitation. The rotating motor in the power drive system drives the entire device to move along the test track to achieve pulse excitation loading. The pulse excitation loading mechanism of the track structure of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention serves as a standard excitation source and can provide stable pulse excitation, and the contact force is basically the same on different track structures.

[0042] The data acquisition device collects and stores the impact force signal, vibration acceleration and sound pressure information generated by the assembled loading wheel hitting the test track in real time through sensors. Then, the stored impact force signal, vibration acceleration and sound pressure information are analyzed to obtain the track disease identification result.

[0043] The power drive system includes a battery 101 , a rotating motor 102 , an electrical control cabinet 103 , a control switch box 104 , a rotating shaft 105 , a sprocket 106 , a rotating shaft 107 and a speed regulator 108 .

[0044] The data acquisition device includes a two-in-one sensor 201 , a sound pressure sensor 202 , a rotating slip ring 203 , a controller 204 and a display screen 205 .

[0045] The assembled loading wheel 3 comprises a split wheel 301 , a retaining flange 302 , a pressure column 303 and a guide column 304 .

[0046] The supporting frame includes a profile frame 401 , an armrest 402 , a display screen fixing bracket 403 , a motor bracket 404 , a collection instrument mounting plate 405 , a bottom plate 406 , a connecting plate 407 and a vertical plate 408 .

[0047] The supporting auxiliary accessories include a chain guard 501 , a hexagonal bolt 502 , a gasket 503 , a round nut 504 , a deep groove ball bearing 505 with a dust cover, a spacer ring 506 and a rotating bracket 507 .

[0048] An assembly diagram of an assembled loading wheel provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown. The assembled loading wheel 3 includes a split wheel 301, a flange 302, a pressure column 303 and a guide column 304 (the guide column 304 is between the two-in-one sensor 201 and the pressure column 303, not shown in the figure). The split wheel 301 is trimmed, and the pressure column 303 is connected to the two-in-one sensor 201 through the guide column 304. The floating ball head of the pressure column exceeds the split wheel section by 2mm, which is used to apply pulse excitation to the track. In addition, rounded corners are set at the front and rear edges of the section of the split wheel 301 to avoid secondary impact on the track caused by the edges. The two split wheels 301 are connected by the flange 302, which is convenient for the replacement of the two-in-one sensor 201 and the wheel body 301. The flange has an avoidance channel to facilitate the connection of the sensor line.

[0049] In this embodiment, the assembled loading wheel 3 can be replaced according to different track fastener spacings, so that the circumference of the assembled loading wheel 3 is close to the fastener spacing of the track to be tested, ensuring that when the initial position of the assembled loading wheel 3 is directly above the fastener, the pressure column hits the rail once for every rotation of the wheel, and each loading is near the fastener.

[0050] See also Figure 2 The support frame includes a profile frame 401, an armrest 402, a display screen fixing bracket 403, a motor bracket 404, a collection instrument mounting plate 405, a bottom plate 406, a connecting plate 407 and a vertical plate 408. The profile frame 401 is the main skeleton structure, connected to the collection instrument mounting plate 405 and the bottom plate 406, and is used to install the controller 204, the battery 101 and the rotating motor 102. The armrest 402 is connected to the profile frame 401, which is convenient for the user to hold the loading mechanism by hand, so that the user can move forward stably. The display screen fixing bracket 403 is connected to the profile frame 401 for installing the display screen. The vertical plate 407 connects the rotating shaft 105 and the support frame. The two ends of the connecting plate 406 are respectively connected to the vertical plate 407 to ensure the stability of the vertical plate.

[0051] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4The data acquisition device includes a two-in-one sensor 201, a sound pressure sensor 202, a rotating slip ring 203, a controller 204 and a display screen 205. The two-in-one force sensor 201 is installed inside the split wheel 301, connected to the pressure column through a guide column, and is used to collect the impact force signal and the vibration acceleration signal of the split wheel 3. The sound pressure sensor 202 is fixedly installed under the profile frame 401, and is used to collect the sound pressure signal when the pressure column hits the track. The rotating slip ring 204 is connected to the rotating shaft 105 and the vertical plate 407, and is used to take out the impact force signal and vibration acceleration signal collected by the two-in-one sensor 201. The controller 204 is connected to the two-in-one sensor 201 and the sound pressure sensor 202, and is used to store the collected impact force signal, vibration acceleration and sound pressure information. The display screen 205 can observe in real time whether the collected data is accurate.

[0052] See also Figure 2 The power drive system includes a battery 101, a rotating motor 102, an electrical control cabinet 103, a control switch box 104, a rotating shaft 105, a sprocket 106, a rotating shaft 107 and a speed regulator 108, wherein the rotating shaft 105, the sprocket 106 and the speed regulator 108 are not marked in the figure. The battery 101 is fixed on the acquisition instrument mounting plate 405 to supply power to the trolley. The rotating motor 102 is fixed on the motor bracket 404 to provide forward power to the trolley. The electrical control cabinet 103 is fixed on the profile frame 401, and there are 24V DC power supply, relays, circuit breakers and other components in the electrical control cabinet. The 24V DC power supply converts 240V AC power into 24V DC power to supply power to electronic components such as sensors; the relay provides simple control logic, such as switching between manual and automatic gears of the switch, counting the number of rotations, etc.; the circuit breaker provides power supply guarantee. The control switch box 104 is fixed on the profile frame 401, and has manual, automatic and stop buttons for controlling the start and stop of the loading mechanism. One of the sprockets 106 is connected to the rotating motor 102, and the other is connected to the rotating shaft 107. The rotating shaft 105 connects the two sprockets. The rotating shaft 107 is connected to the sprocket, the vertical plate, the assembled loading wheel 3, and the rotating slip ring. The chain 102, the sprocket 106, and the rotating shaft 107 work together to enable the rotating motor 102 to drive the assembled loading wheel 3 to roll forward. The speed regulator 108 is fixed on the surface of the electrical cabinet and is used to adjust the motor rotation speed, thereby controlling the travel speed of the loading mechanism.

[0053] The supporting auxiliary accessories include a chain guard 501, a hexagonal bolt 502, a gasket 503, a round nut 504, a deep groove ball bearing with a dust cover 505, a spacer 506 and a rotating bracket 507. The chain guard 501 is installed on the outside of the chain to protect the chain. The hexagonal bolt 502 and the gasket 503 are used to connect the various components. The round nut 504, the deep groove ball bearing with a dust cover 505, and the spacer 506 are used to connect the rotating shaft 105 and the vertical plate 407. The rotating bracket 507 is used to connect the vertical plate 407 and the rotating slip ring 204, so that one end of the rotating slip ring is fixed and the other end rotates with the rotating shaft.

[0054] In the preferred embodiment provided by the present invention, the two-in-one sensor, the sound pressure sensor and the controller etc. can all adopt products of the prior art. Table 1 provides examples of the selection of the above instruments.

[0055] Table 1 Instrument parameters:

[0056]

[0057] The pulse excitation loading mechanism of a track structure proposed in the above embodiment of the present invention is powered by a battery, moves forward using a driving device, works through a switch box control device, and adjusts the travel speed using a speed regulator. The device can collect force, vibration acceleration and noise signals when loading the track, and combined with existing data analysis programs, the detection process of track defects becomes a complete system. The working process of the pulse excitation loading mechanism of a track structure proposed in the above embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0058] The whole set of equipment is powered by batteries and driven forward by a rotating motor. First, the assembled loading wheel is sectioned so that the wheel can be loaded with pulse excitation when it moves along the test track. When performing the test task, replace the assembled loading wheel with a circumference close to the fastener spacing in advance according to the actual fastener spacing. During the experiment, place the flat surface of the assembled loading wheel directly above the fastener. One person holds the equipment in the forward direction and presses the start switch. The device will move forward at the set speed. While the assembled loading wheel rotates forward, the wheel section will come into contact with the rail, causing the pressure column to hit the rail. Every time the assembled loading wheel rotates one circle, the pressure column hits the rail once, thereby realizing the loading of pulse excitation. The vibration acceleration two-in-one sensor and the sound pressure sensor collect data in real time and store it in the controller; when the end position of the experimental task is reached, press the stop switch to export the data collected by the controller for subsequent analysis.

[0059] Rounded corners are set at the front and rear edges of the assembled loading wheel to prevent secondary impact from interfering with the test results. A two-in-one sensor is used to collect the impact force signal and the vibration acceleration signal of the wheel, and a sound pressure sensor is used to collect the noise signal.

[0060] The assembled loading wheel automatically applies the excitation during the travel process. Under the condition of controlling the travel speed unchanged, the magnitude of the exciting force each time can be guaranteed to be consistent, which can solve the problem of uneven force amplitude during manual tapping. The magnitude of the loading force can be adjusted by adjusting the weight and travel speed of the loading mechanism, and the height of the highest point of each drop is only related to the wheel diameter and the design height of the flat surface. Therefore, the excitation force applied is more stable, and the stability of the loading mechanism can be guaranteed, which can solve the problem of decreased stability caused by increasing the loading force of other mobile loading devices.

[0061] During the design, the circumference of the assembled loading wheel is made close to the fastener spacing of the test track to ensure that the initial position of the assembled loading wheel is directly above the fastener. Each subsequent loading of the assembled loading wheel is near the fastener, so that the collected information can better reflect the status of the fastener, improves accuracy, and can solve the problem that the loading position of other mobile loading devices deviates far from the fastener.

[0062] A display screen is installed on the equipment to observe whether the collected data is accurate during the on-site test. All collected data is stored in the local controller and can be exported after the on-site test is completed. Then, the impact force signal, vibration acceleration and sound pressure information are analyzed, and the track defects are quantitatively analyzed through the existing data analysis program to obtain the track defect identification results, which are true and reliable. Compared with the traditional detection method that relies on manual experience, it is more accurate and can detect the defects in time when they are not characterized by a more obvious state.

[0063] It can be seen from the above embodiments of the present invention that the pulse excitation loading mechanism of the track structure has three main functions:

[0064] First, it can provide stable pulse excitation, and the contact force is basically consistent on different track structures, so it can be used as a standard excitation source.

[0065] Second, it can test force and acceleration at the same time, so as to calculate the dynamic stiffness at the track contact point. Through the force and acceleration data tested, the force and acceleration data are fast Fourier transformed to obtain the frequency response of the exciting force and acceleration, and the dynamic stiffness of the track contact point is calculated according to the following formula. The average value of the stiffness results under each impact within a certain length is taken as the dynamic stiffness of the track structure in this section;

[0066] Third, by collecting the vibration and noise signals of the track structure under standard excitation, track defects are identified based on the differences in vibration and noise.

[0067]

[0068] Z D(ω) is the dynamic stiffness matrix, F(ω) is the impact load vector in the frequency domain, A(ω) is the rail acceleration frequency domain response vector, and ω is the frequency.

[0069] In summary, the device of the embodiment of the present invention can adjust the magnitude of the loading force by adjusting the weight and travel speed of the loading mechanism under the premise of ensuring the loading force amplitude and pulse characteristics, and the height of the highest point of each drop is only related to the wheel diameter and the design height of the flat surface. Therefore, the applied excitation force is more stable, and the stability of the loading mechanism can be guaranteed, and the detection trolley can run more smoothly, which can be used as a standard pulse excitation source. The above application method can test force and acceleration at the same time, and calculate the dynamic stiffness of the track contact point through admittance. By utilizing the characteristics of the standard pulse load, track defects can be identified when the structural response is different under the same excitation source. Those skilled in the art can understand that the accompanying drawing is only a schematic diagram of an embodiment, and the modules or processes in the accompanying drawing are not necessarily required to implement the present invention.

[0070] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the device or system embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment. The device and system embodiments described above are merely schematic, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand and implement it without paying creative labor.

[0071] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A pulse excitation loading mechanism for a track structure, It is characterized in that include: A power drive system, a data acquisition device, an assembled loading wheel and a support frame, wherein the power drive system, the data acquisition device and the assembled loading wheel are fixedly connected via the support frame, and a battery in the power drive system supplies power to the entire device; The assembled loading wheel is subjected to section processing, and the rotating motor in the power drive system drives the entire device to move forward along the test track. During the rotating forward process of the assembled loading wheel, an impact load is generated on the track every time the assembled loading wheel rotates one circle, thereby realizing pulse excitation loading; The data acquisition device collects and stores the impact force signal, vibration acceleration and sound pressure information generated by the assembled loading wheel hitting the test track in real time through the sensor; The power drive system includes a battery, a rotating motor, an electrical control cabinet, a control switch box, a rotating shaft, a sprocket, a rotating shaft and a speed regulator; The data acquisition device includes a two-in-one sensor, a sound pressure sensor, a rotating slip ring, a controller and a display screen; The assembled loading wheel comprises a split wheel, a retaining flange, a pressure column and a guide column; The support frame includes a profile frame, handrails, a display screen fixing bracket, a motor bracket, a collection instrument mounting plate, a bottom plate, a connecting plate and a vertical plate; The supporting auxiliary accessories include chain guard, hexagonal bolts, washers, round nuts, deep groove ball bearings with dust covers, spacer rings and swivel brackets; The chain guard in the auxiliary accessory is installed on the outside of the chain, and the various components are connected by hexagonal bolts and gaskets. The rotating shaft and the vertical plate are connected by round nuts, deep groove ball bearings with dust covers, and spacer rings. The vertical plate and the rotating slip ring are connected by a rotating bracket, so that one end of the rotating slip ring is fixed and the other end rotates with the rotating shaft; The method for using the pulse excitation loading mechanism of the track structure includes: The assembled loading wheel is replaced according to the actual fastener spacing of the test track, and the initial position of the assembled loading wheel is set just above the fastener of the test track. The circumference of the assembled loading wheel is close to the fastener spacing of the test track. The user holds the device in the forward direction and presses the start switch. The rotary motor in the power drive system drives the entire device to move forward along the test track at the set speed. The assembled loading wheel is subjected to section processing, and the rotating motor in the power drive system drives the entire device to move forward along the test track. During the rotation and forward movement of the assembled loading wheel, an impact load is generated on the track every time the assembled loading wheel rotates one circle, thereby realizing pulse excitation loading. The two-in-one sensor collects and stores the impact force signal and vibration acceleration generated by the assembled loading wheel hitting the test track in real time, and the sound pressure sensor collects the noise signal in real time. A display screen is installed on the device, and the two-in-one sensor and the sound pressure sensor transmit the collected signals to the display screen, and the display screen displays the signal data collected by the two-in-one sensor and the sound pressure sensor.

2. The mechanism according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The split wheel is trimmed, and the pressure column is connected to the two-in-one sensor through a guide column. The floating ball head of the pressure column protrudes 2mm from the cross section of the split wheel. Rounded corners are set at the front and rear edges of the cross section of the split wheel. The two split wheels are connected through a retaining flange. The pressure column hits the rail once every time the wheel rotates one circle.

3. The mechanism according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The profile frame in the support frame is connected to the acquisition instrument mounting plate and the bottom plate, the profile frame is used to install the controller, the battery and the rotating motor, the armrest is connected to the profile frame, the display screen fixing bracket is connected to the profile frame, the vertical plate connects the rotating shaft and the support frame, and the two ends of the connecting plate are respectively connected to the vertical plates.

4. The mechanism according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The two-in-one force sensor in the data acquisition device is installed inside the split wheel and connected to the pressure column through a guide column. The sound pressure sensor is fixedly installed under the profile frame. The rotating slip ring is connected to the rotating shaft and the vertical plate. The controller is connected to the two-in-one sensor and the sound pressure sensor circuit.

5. The mechanism according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The battery in the power drive system is fixed on the acquisition instrument mounting plate, the rotating motor is fixed on the motor bracket, the electrical control cabinet is fixed on the profile frame, a 24V DC power supply, a relay and a circuit breaker are arranged in the electrical control cabinet, a control switch box is fixed on the profile frame, and is used to control the start and stop of the loading mechanism, a sprocket is connected to the rotating motor, another sprocket is connected to the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is connected to the two sprockets, the rotating shaft is connected to the sprocket, the vertical plate, the assembled loading wheel, and the rotating slip ring, the chain, the sprocket and the rotating shaft work together to enable the rotating motor to drive the assembled loading wheel to roll forward, and the speed regulator is fixed on the surface of the electrical cabinet and is used to adjust the rotation speed of the motor.

6. The mechanism according to claim 1, It is characterized in that Rounded corners are set at the front and rear edges of the cut surface of the assembled loading wheel. Each time the assembled loading wheel is loaded, it is near the fastener. Each time the assembled loading wheel rotates one circle, the pressure column hits the rail once to achieve pulse excitation loading. Under the condition of controlling the travel speed of the assembled loading wheel to remain unchanged, the magnitude of the exciting force each time is guaranteed to be consistent. The loading force can be adjusted by adjusting the weight and travel speed of the loading mechanism, and the height of the highest point of each drop is only related to the wheel diameter and the design height of the flat surface.

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