A miniaturized shaped antenna based on metasurface

Abstract

The present invention discloses a miniaturized shaped antenna based on a metasurface, comprising a dielectric substrate, a metasurface layer, a metal fence, and a plurality of array units arranged on the dielectric substrate, wherein the metasurface layer is arranged above the array unit and an opening is formed in the middle of the metasurface layer; the metal fence ring is arranged around the array unit; a feeding network is arranged on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate, and an output end of the feeding network penetrates the dielectric substrate and is connected to each array unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication systems, and in particular to a miniaturized shaped antenna based on a metasurface. Background Art

[0002] In the field of antennas, a shaped antenna refers to an antenna that is adjusted in layout, feeding method, antenna structure, etc., so that it can produce a specific radiation pattern, increase the intensity of electromagnetic waves in the target area, and reduce interference in other areas, thereby achieving high-quality communication transmission.

[0003] In mobile communication technology, in order to ensure the quality of communication, a large target area is usually divided into multiple small areas, and a transmitting and receiving antenna is used in each small area to complete the signal coverage; however, the beam coverage of most traditional antennas is circular, and circular partitioning will bring problems such as incomplete coverage and interference caused by overlapping signals of adjacent partitions; while rectangular beam shaped antennas can quickly roll off the energy at the edge of radiation, have a clear boundary range, and can effectively reduce the co-channel interference and signal overlapping coverage problems between adjacent cells. Therefore, rectangular beam shaped antennas can well meet the requirements of partition coverage and are the hot spot and focus of current antenna research.

[0004] Secondly, in existing research, in order to realize rectangular beams, most solutions adopt large-scale array amplitude weighting. This solution has many problems: 1) A large number of arrays are required, with the minimum being a 3×3 array and the maximum number even reaching dozens of arrays, which greatly increases the design difficulty and production cost of the antenna array, and the volume and weight of the antenna array also have great disadvantages; 2) The energy feed amplitude and phase distribution of each array in the antenna array are different, and the number of antenna arrays is large, and the difference in energy phase between arrays is also great. Therefore, when designing the feeding network or feeding the arrays through other means, the design difficulty and cost are greatly increased; 3) The existing rectangular shaped antenna half-power beam angle lobes do not drop fast enough, and the side lobe level is large, which cannot effectively eliminate the coverage overlap or blind spots of adjacent reuse cells. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a miniaturized shaped antenna based on a metasurface.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the solution provided by the present invention is a miniaturized shaped antenna based on a metasurface, comprising a dielectric substrate, a metasurface layer, a metal fence, and a plurality of array units arranged on the dielectric substrate, wherein the metasurface layer is arranged above the array unit and an opening is formed in the middle of the metasurface layer; the metal fence ring is arranged around the array unit; a feeding network is provided on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate, and the output end of the feeding network passes through the dielectric substrate and is connected to each array unit.

[0007] Furthermore, it includes four array units arranged in a matrix.

[0008] Furthermore, the super surface layer is a metal grid structure.

[0009] Furthermore, the opening of the super surface layer is square in shape.

[0010] Furthermore, the dielectric substrate is also provided with a plurality of parasitic patches, each of which corresponds to each of the array units one by one and is arranged adjacent to each other, wherein the parasitic patches are arranged obliquely in the height direction and in the plane direction.

[0011] Furthermore, the metal fence is assembled from four metal side panels and four corner connectors, wherein any corner connector is connected to two adjacent metal side panels.

[0012] Furthermore, the super surface layer is fixedly connected to the top surfaces of the four corner connectors by nylon screws.

[0013] Furthermore, the feeding network includes a first microstrip line and a second microstrip line, wherein the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line are each divided into four to form four output ends, and the four output ends of the first microstrip line are respectively connected to one end of the four array units; and the four output ends of the second microstrip line are respectively connected to the other end of the four array units.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) By adopting the super surface layer to control the direction and range of electromagnetic wave radiation, and by using the parasitic patch to perform secondary radiation, the number requirements and feeding requirements of the array are extremely simple, which effectively solves the problem of large array scale and complex feeding in the traditional method, and has the characteristics of low cost and simple structure. 2) By adopting the metal fence and parasitic patch, the sidelobe level of the radiation beam can be effectively adjusted, up to 16.8dB. Through the opening of the metal fence and the super surface layer, the gain level and edge gain roll-off speed of each array unit can be effectively adjusted, so that the gain of the antenna can reach about 7.5dBi, the rectangular coefficient is 1.53, and it has a good propagation distance and clear partition boundaries. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the shaped antenna.

[0016] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the super surface layer.

[0017] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the shaped antenna structure without a supersurface layer.

[0018] Figure 4 A top view of the shaped antenna without a supersurface layer.

[0019] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the feeding network.

[0020] Figure 6 Simulation diagram of the transmittance and reflectivity of the metasurface layer.

[0021] Figure 7 Graph showing the influence of the metasurface layer on the field strength distribution of the antenna array.

[0022] Figure 8 is the 3D radiation pattern of the antenna.

[0023] Fig. 9 Antenna parameter diagram.

[0024] Among them, 1 is a dielectric substrate, 2 is a super surface layer, 21 is an opening, 3 is a metal fence, 31 is a corner connector, 32 is a metal side plate, 4 is an array unit, 41 is a parasitic patch, 51 is a first microstrip line, and 52 is a second microstrip line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention is described more comprehensively with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings show preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present invention more thoroughly understood. It should be noted that the "first" and "second" described in the present invention do not represent specific quantities and sequences, but are only used to distinguish names.

[0026] See attached Figure 1-5 As shown, in this embodiment, a miniaturized shaped antenna based on a metasurface includes a dielectric substrate 1, a metasurface layer 2, a metal fence 3 and four array units 4, wherein the four array units 4 are arranged in a matrix in the middle position of the dielectric substrate 1, and the spacing between any two adjacent array units 4 is equal.

[0027] In this embodiment, a feeding network is provided on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 1, wherein the feeding network is provided on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 1 by printing. Specifically, the feeding network of this embodiment includes a first microstrip line 51 and a second microstrip line 52, each of which has an input port, and each of the first microstrip line 51 and the second microstrip line 52 forms four output ends by dividing one into four. The four output ends of the first microstrip line 51 respectively penetrate the preset perforations on the dielectric substrate 1 and are connected to one end of the four array units 4; the four output ends of the second microstrip line 52 respectively penetrate the preset perforations on the dielectric substrate 1 and are connected to the other end of the four array units 4. The feeding network of the dual-polarization 1-to-4 microstrip line power division network is adopted to solve the problem of complex feeding in the traditional way. It has great cost and design advantages, lower cost and easier design.

[0028] In this embodiment, the metal fence 3 is arranged around the array unit 4, wherein the metal fence 3 of this embodiment is assembled by four metal side panels 32 and four corner connectors 31, wherein the four corner connectors 31 are located at four corners and any corner connector 31 is connected to two adjacent metal side panels 32, and any two adjacent metal side panels 32 are arranged vertically.

[0029] In this embodiment, the super surface layer 2 is arranged above the array unit 4. Specifically, the super surface layer 2 is a metal grid structure. The four corners of the super surface layer 2 are fixedly connected to the top surfaces of the four corner connectors 31 by nylon screws, thereby fixing and supporting the super surface layer 2 with the help of the corner connectors 31. Secondly, an opening 21 is formed in the middle of the super surface, wherein the opening 21 is square in shape. The super surface layer 2 with the opening 21 can effectively shape the radiation beam of the antenna, so that the conical radiation beam is converted into a square flat-top radiation beam. At the same time, the opening 21 is provided, which can also effectively increase the electromagnetic wave ton filtering, thereby effectively improving the radiation gain of the array unit 4, so that the final gain of the array unit 4 can reach more than 7.5dBi.

[0030] In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate 1 is further provided with a plurality of parasitic patches 41, each of the parasitic patches 41 corresponds to each of the array units 4 one by one and is arranged adjacent to each other, wherein the parasitic patches 41 are arranged obliquely in the height direction and in the plane direction. Specifically, the inclination angle of each parasitic patch 41 in the height direction is 45°, and the inclination angle in the plane direction is 45°.

[0031] By setting a parasitic patch 41 near each oscillator unit and loading a circle of metal fence 3 on the periphery, the sidelobe level of the oscillator unit can be effectively reduced, and the roll-off speed of the radiation beam at the radiation edge can be increased. Reducing the sidelobe level of the antenna array is conducive to forming a clear partition boundary.

[0032] The above-mentioned four-unit array form composed of four vibrator units greatly reduces the number of vibrators. It is a cross-dipole antenna operating at 3.3-3.6 GHz. It forms a 2×2 antenna array through the feeding network of the dielectric substrate 1, and its volume, weight and design difficulty are greatly reduced.

[0033] In order to facilitate the understanding of the above antenna, the following Figure 6-9 The parameter performance of the antenna is further explained.

[0034] See also Figure 6 From the simulation diagram of the transmittance and reflectance of the supersurface layer 2 shown, it can be concluded that the transmittance of the supersurface layer 2 is almost 0, and all the energy will be reflected back. Therefore, the opening 21 of the supersurface layer 2 can transform the beam into a rectangle and also improve the radiation gain of the antenna.

[0035] See also Figure 7 In the diagram of the influence of the simulated supersurface layer 2 on the field strength distribution of the antenna array, taking the antenna without the supersurface layer 2 as a reference example, it can be concluded that: after loading the supersurface layer 2, the main radiation of the antenna is concentrated in the middle square area, and the energy contrast between the main radiation area and other areas is also higher, that is, the energy at the edge of the main radiation area drops rapidly, and the partition boundary is clear.

[0036] See also Figure 8 The 3D radiation pattern of the antenna shown shows: flat-top radiation, rectangular beam, and fast roll-off at the edges.

[0037] See also Fig. 9 From the performance parameter diagrams of the antenna array S parameters, antenna array gain, port 1 radiation beam, and port 2 radiation beam, it can be concluded that the performance of the antenna can meet the requirements and has the characteristics of high performance.

[0038] The embodiments described above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Any technician familiar with the art who, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, makes more possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention using the technical content disclosed above, or modifications are all equivalent embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent and equivalent changes made according to the ideas of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A miniaturized shaped antenna based on a metasurface, Features: The invention comprises a dielectric substrate (1), a supersurface layer (2), a metal fence (3), and a plurality of array units (4) arranged on the dielectric substrate (1), wherein the supersurface layer (2) is arranged above the array unit (4) and an opening (21) is formed in the middle of the supersurface layer (2); the metal fence (3) is arranged around the array unit (4); a feeding network is arranged on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate (1), and an output end of the feeding network passes through the dielectric substrate (1) and is connected to each array unit (4); the dielectric substrate (1) is also provided with a plurality of parasitic patches (41), each of the parasitic patches (41) corresponds to each of the array units (4) one by one, and each of the parasitic patches (41) is arranged correspondingly in a projection area of ​​the array unit (4) on the dielectric substrate (1), wherein the parasitic patches (41) are arranged obliquely in the height direction and in the plane direction.

2. A miniaturized shaped antenna based on a metasurface according to claim 1, Features: It comprises four array units (4) arranged in a matrix.

3. The miniaturized shaped antenna based on a metasurface according to claim 1, Features: The super surface layer (2) is a metal grid structure.

4. The miniaturized shaped antenna based on a metasurface according to claim 1, Features: The opening (21) of the super surface layer (2) is in a square shape.

5. The miniaturized shaped antenna based on a metasurface according to claim 1, Features: The metal fence (3) is assembled from four metal side plates (32) and four corner connectors (31), wherein any corner connector (31) is connected to two adjacent metal side plates (32).

6. The miniaturized shaped antenna based on a metasurface according to claim 5, Features: The super surface layer (2) is fixedly connected to the top surfaces of the four corner connectors (31) respectively by means of nylon screws.

7. The miniaturized shaped antenna based on a metasurface according to claim 2, Features: The feeding network comprises a first microstrip line (51) and a second microstrip line (52), wherein the first microstrip line (51) and the second microstrip line (52) are each divided into four to form four output ends, the four output ends of the first microstrip line (51) are respectively connected to one end of four array units (4); and the four output ends of the second microstrip line (52) are respectively connected to the other end of the four array units (4).

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