A true three-dimensional simulation device for mud and water inrush deformation in tunnels or deep tunnels

Abstract

The invention discloses a true three-dimensional simulation device for mud and water burst deformation in tunnels or deep tunnels, which relates to the fields of geotechnical engineering and disaster prevention and control, including a tunnel or deep tunnel simulation component, which includes a storage box, a diversion trough, a drainage hole, a chute, a baffle, a rigid model box, a guide frame, a drilling hole, a filter screen and a filter hole, a connection head is provided on the surface of the rigid model box, a pressure-stabilizing water supply component connected to the connection head is provided on the outside of the rigid model box, and a loading component, a drilling component, a monitoring system and a processing device are provided on the periphery of the rigid model box. The true three-dimensional simulation of mud and water burst disasters or deep tunnels under a combination of various geological conditions is realized, and the influence of different geological conditions on the construction of tunnels or deep tunnels is simulated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering and disaster prevention, and in particular to a true three-dimensional simulation device for mud and water inrush deformation in tunnels or deep tunnels. Background Art

[0002] During the construction of tunnels and deep roadway projects, geological conditions have become increasingly complex and changeable, with an increasing number of geological disasters such as sudden water and mud bursts, soft rock deformation, and rock bursts.

[0003] Tunnels and deep tunnels are prone to geological disasters. The main reason is that the disaster-causing factors and processes of tunnels and deep tunnels are not clear enough. Therefore, it is particularly important to evaluate and predict the geological disasters caused by tunnels and deep tunnels in advance. However, the existing tunnel or deep tunnel simulation devices cannot effectively simulate the real geological conditions of the surrounding rock mass, such as the ground stress of the rock mass, the water-rich condition of the rock mass, the influence of cracks on the stability of the surrounding rock, etc. If a comprehensive simulation system device can be developed to simulate the true three-dimensional ground stress, groundwater dynamics, surrounding rock geological conditions, water and mud inrush disaster process, and surrounding rock crack change process after tunnel excavation, it can better reveal the incubation, evolution and triggering mechanism of geological disasters in tunnels or deep tunnels, and help to propose an advance warning method for tunnel or deep tunnel disasters, which is of great significance for reducing or avoiding geological disasters in tunnels or deep tunnels. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a true three-dimensional simulation device for mud and water inrush deformation in tunnels or deep tunnels.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A true three-dimensional simulation device for sudden mud and water deformation in a tunnel or deep tunnel, comprising a tunnel or deep tunnel simulation component, the tunnel or deep tunnel simulation component comprising a storage box, a guide groove, a drainage hole, a chute, a baffle, a rigid model box, a guide frame, a drilling hole, a filter screen and a filter hole, a plurality of drainage holes are provided at the side end of the rigid model box, a chute and a drilling hole are provided at the side end of the rigid model box, the baffle is slidably connected to the chute, the guide groove is connected to the rigid model box and is arranged at the drilling hole, the filter hole is arranged on the inner wall of the bottom side of the guide frame, and a filter screen is arranged on the side wall of the guide frame, a connecting head is provided on the surface of the rigid model box, a pressure-stabilizing water supply component connected to the connecting head is provided on the outside of the rigid model box, and a loading component, a drilling component, a monitoring system and a processing device are provided around the rigid model box.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention, a plurality of second brackets are fixedly connected to the side ends of the rigid model box, and a foot pad is fixedly connected to the side ends of the second brackets.

[0008] As a further scheme of the present invention, the pressure-stabilizing water supply assembly includes a pressure water pipe, a water uniforming plate, a pressure gauge, a pressure-stabilizing water supply device and a permeable stone plate, one end of the connecting head is connected to the pressure water pipe, the permeable stone plate is arranged in a rigid model box, the other end of the connecting head is connected to the water uniforming plate, the pressure water pipe is connected to the pressure-stabilizing water supply device, the pressure gauge is arranged on the pressure-stabilizing water supply device, a plurality of permeable holes are arranged on the bottom surface of the water uniforming plate, and the permeable stone plate is arranged at the lower part of the water uniforming plate.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention, the loading assembly includes a jack and a rigid plate, a number of the jacks are arranged outside the rigid model box, the rigid plate is arranged inside the rigid model box, and the output end of the jack is fixedly connected to the rigid plate.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, it is characterized in that the drilling assembly includes a drilling motor, a casing, a fourth bracket, a second universal wheel and a drill bit, a plurality of second universal wheels are provided at the lower end of the fourth bracket, a drilling motor is provided at the upper end of the fourth bracket, an output end of the drilling motor is connected to the drill bit, and a casing is provided on the outer side of the drill bit.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention, the monitoring system includes a telescopic rod drive motor, a three-dimensional laser scanner, a telescopic rod, a first bracket, a first universal wheel, a data collector, a camera and a third bracket, wherein the side end of the first bracket is fixedly connected to a plurality of first universal wheels, the first bracket is fixedly connected to a telescopic rod drive motor, the output end of the telescopic rod drive motor is provided with a telescopic rod, the output end of the telescopic rod is provided with a three-dimensional laser scanner, the data collector is arranged in the drilling hole, and a camera is provided at one end of the plurality of third brackets close to each other.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention, the processing device is a computer.

[0013] An embodiment of the present invention provides a true three-dimensional simulation device for mud and water inrush deformation in tunnels or deep tunnels, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] The geological conditions of the tunnel or deep tunnel are simulated by the tunnel or deep tunnel simulation component, the hydrostatic pressure is generated by the pressure-stabilizing water supply component to the tunnel or deep tunnel simulation component to simulate the effect of the hydrostatic pressure on the tunnel or deep tunnel, the three-dimensional confining pressure is generated by the loading component to the tunnel or deep tunnel simulation component to simulate the effect of the ground stress on the tunnel or deep tunnel, the reserved opening of the tunnel or deep tunnel simulation component is drilled by the drilling component to simulate the influence of the tunnel or deep tunnel construction condition on the rock and soil of the tunnel or deep tunnel, the monitoring system component is pre-buried in the rock and soil of the tunnel or deep tunnel simulation component, and then the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil are monitored, and the three-dimensional laser scanner can scan the internal situation of the borehole, perform three-dimensional modeling in the computer, and understand the internal mud cavity situation, and the processing device is used to fully automatically and accurately control the above five components, and collect test data; the present invention realizes the true three-dimensional simulation of mud and water inrush disasters in a combination of multiple geological conditions or deep tunnels, and realizes the simulation of the influence of different geological conditions on the construction of tunnels or deep tunnels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a true three-dimensional simulation device for mud and water inrush deformation in a tunnel or deep tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 A front view cross-sectional view of a tunnel or deep tunnel simulation component of a true three-dimensional simulation device for mud and water inrush deformation of a tunnel or deep tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 A top view of a cross-sectional view of a tunnel or deep tunnel simulation component of a true three-dimensional simulation device for mud and water inrush deformation in a tunnel or deep tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 A diagram showing the position arrangement of the jacks of a loading assembly of a true three-dimensional simulation device for mud and water inrush deformation in a tunnel or deep tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a guide frame of a tunnel or deep tunnel simulation component of a true three-dimensional simulation device for mud and water inrush deformation in a tunnel or deep tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: 1. rigid model box; 2. second bracket; 3. foot pad; 4. baffle; 5. slide; 6. drilling hole; 7. diversion groove; 8. storage box; 9. jack; 10. drain hole; 11. connector; 12. pressure water pipe; 13. pressure-stabilizing water supply device; 14. pressure gauge; 15. water-distributing plate; 16. filter hole; 17. filter screen; 18. telescopic rod; 19. 3D laser scanner; 20. first bracket; 21. first universal wheel; 22. permeable stone slab; 23. rigid plate; 24. guide frame; 25. simulated drilling; 26. rock and soil body I; 27. data collector; 28. rock and soil body II; 29. ​​computer; 30. camera; 31. third bracket; 32. drilling motor; 33. casing; 34. telescopic rod drive motor; 35. fourth bracket; 36. second universal wheel; 37. drill bit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0022] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0023] like Figure 1-5 As shown, it is a structural diagram of a true three-dimensional simulation device for mud and water inrush deformation of a tunnel or deep tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present application, including a tunnel or deep tunnel simulation component, the tunnel or deep tunnel simulation component includes a storage box 8, a guide groove 7, a drainage hole 10, a chute 5, a baffle 4, a rigid model box 1, a guide frame 24, a drilling hole 6, a filter screen 17 and a filter hole 16, as shown Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, a rock and soil body Ⅰ26 and a rock and soil body Ⅱ28 are provided in the rigid model box 1. The rock and soil body Ⅰ26 and the rock and soil body Ⅱ28 are as shown in FIG. Figure 3 Distributed in the rigid model box 1, (the specific test needs to adjust the rock and soil type, inclination, dip angle, karst type, fold type, etc. in the model box according to actual needs), Figure 2In the figure, a simulated drilling hole 25 flush with the drilling hole 6 for easy observation is planned to be provided in the rigid model box 1, two drainage holes 10 are provided at the side end of the rigid model box 1, a slide 5 and a drilling hole 6 are provided at the side end of the rigid model box 1, a baffle 4 is slidably connected to the slide 5, a guide groove 7 is connected to the rigid model box 1 and is arranged below the drilling hole 6, a filter hole 16 is arranged on the inner wall of the bottom side of the guide frame 24, and a filter screen 17 is arranged on the side wall of the guide frame 24, which can ensure that water can flow out of the rigid model box 1 without bringing out large particles of rock and soil to cause clogging of the drainage hole, the guide frame 24 is arranged inside the rigid model box 1, a connector 11 is provided on the outside of the rigid model box 1, a pressure-stabilizing water supply component connected to the connector 11 is provided on the outside of the rigid model box 1, and a loading component, a drilling component, a monitoring system and a processing device are provided on the periphery of the rigid model box 1.

[0024] The guide frame 24 and the filter hole 16 form a complete frame structure and are arranged in the rigid model box 1.

[0025] Furthermore, four second brackets 2 are fixedly connected to the side ends of the rigid model box 1, and foot pads 3 are fixedly connected to the side ends of the second brackets 2 for supporting the entire device.

[0026] In one case of the present embodiment, the pressure-stabilizing water supply assembly includes a pressure water pipe 12, a water uniforming plate 15, a pressure gauge 14, a pressure-stabilizing water supply device 13 and a permeable stone plate 22. One end of the connector 11 is connected to the pressure water pipe 12, and the permeable stone plate 22 is arranged in the rigid model box 1. The other end of the connector 11 is connected to the water uniforming plate 15. The pressure water pipe 12 is connected to the pressure-stabilizing water supply device 13. The pressure gauge 14 is arranged on the pressure-stabilizing water supply device 13. A plurality of permeable holes are arranged on the bottom surface of the water uniforming plate 15, and the specific number can be adjusted according to the test. The permeable stone plate 22 is arranged at the lower part of the water uniforming plate 15 so that water can be evenly injected into the rigid model box 1. The water uniforming plate 15 needs to be made of rigid material, and the permeable stone plate 22 needs to be selected from materials with high compressive strength to avoid breakage during the pressurization process. In the present embodiment, the pressure-stabilizing water supply system uses a pressure-stabilizing non-negative pressure water supply system disclosed in the publication number CN111561023B.

[0027] like Figure 1As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present application, the loading assembly includes a jack 9 and a rigid plate 23, a jack 9 is provided on one side of the rigid model box 1, the rigid plate 23 is arranged in the rigid model box 1, the output end of the jack 9 is fixedly connected to the rigid plate 23, and a total of 24 jacks 9 are arranged. In the six faces of the rigid model box 1, four jacks 9 are evenly arranged on each face, and each face of the rigid model box 1 is evenly divided into four areas, and the jacks are arranged at the intersection of the diagonals of each area. The four jacks 9 on each face can use a processing device to set different thrusts, and can simulate real three-dimensional geological conditions. One end of the jack 9 is fixed on the rigid model box 1, and the other end is fixed on the rigid plate 23. The two ends of the jack 9 are opened, and the reaction force acts on the rigid model box 1, so that the rigid plate 23 produces a uniform inward thrust, thereby generating pressure on the rock and soil in the rigid model box 1. The rigid plate 23 is arranged in the guide frame 24 to avoid the situation where the rigid plate 23 cannot move due to mutual obstruction.

[0028] In one case of this embodiment, the drilling assembly includes a drilling motor 32, a casing 33, a fourth bracket 35, a second universal wheel 36 and a drill bit 37. The fourth bracket 35 is provided with four second universal wheels 36 at the lower end, and the fourth bracket 35 is provided with a drilling motor 32 at the upper end. The output end of the drilling motor 32 is connected to the drill bit 37. The outer side of the drill bit 37 is provided with a casing 33. During the drilling process, the forward speed of the second universal wheel 36 can be controlled by a processing device according to the actual engineering situation, so that the drill bit 37 can drill at a set speed, so that the simulation is more in line with the actual situation. During the drilling process, the casing 33 can be installed to simulate the lining and support of the tunnel or deep tunnel under the actual engineering situation. The strength of the casing 33 material can be reduced according to the actual situation and the test ratio, and the casing 33 material with appropriate strength can be selected. The drill bit 37 also needs to select the appropriate hardness of the drill bit 37 according to the hardness of the rock and soil used in the test.

[0029] Furthermore, the monitoring system includes a telescopic rod drive motor 34, a three-dimensional laser scanner 19, a telescopic rod 18, a first bracket 20, a first universal wheel 21, a data collector 27, a camera 30 and a third bracket 31. The side end of the first bracket 20 is fixedly connected with four first universal wheels 21. The first bracket 20 is fixedly connected with a telescopic rod drive motor 34. The output end of the telescopic rod drive motor 34 is provided with a telescopic rod 18. The output end of the telescopic rod 18 is provided with a three-dimensional laser scanner 19. The data collector 27 is arranged in the rock and soil body. The end of the three third brackets 31 close to each other is provided with a camera 30. The data collector 27 includes soil pressure sensors, seepage pressure sensors, strain sensors, displacement sensors, etc. (the specific type of sensors can be selected according to the needs of the actual experiment). Among them, soil pressure sensors, seepage pressure sensors, strain sensors, displacement sensors and other sensors can be distributed according to the requirements of the specific experiment, for example, they can be arranged at 0.5 times, 1 times, 2 times, 3 times, 5 times, and 7 times the center diameter of the drilling hole 6. The three-dimensional laser scanner 19 is arranged at the end of the telescopic rod 18, and the other end of the telescopic rod 18 is arranged on the telescopic rod driving motor 34. The telescopic rod driving motor 34 can drive the telescopic rod 18 to extend or shorten. The telescopic rod driving motor 34 is controlled by the processing device, and can control the three-dimensional laser scanner 19 to enter the drilling hole 6 at a uniform speed according to the experimental design requirements. The data results are analyzed, processed, and modeled by the processing device.

[0030] The processing device is a computer 29. The computer 29 can comprehensively control the pressure-stabilizing water supply component, the loading component, the drilling component and the monitoring system, so that the experimental simulation can be performed under the preset parameter conditions, and can also monitor the working status of each component and its data results, and analyze and process the data results.

[0031] In actual use of this embodiment, according to the results of the on-site survey, the original experimental material or similar material is made in proportion in the rigid model box 1, and the baffle 4 is pushed into the chute 5 until the drilling hole 6 is completely blocked so that the material will not leak out. According to the similar principle, the material is placed in the rigid model box 1 in proportion according to the actual situation on site, such as manufacturing the fault fracture zone shape, underground karst cavity shape, and fold shape similar to the site. In the process of adding rock and soil into the rigid model box 1, several prefabricated soil pressure sensors, seepage pressure sensors, strain sensors, displacement sensors, etc. are buried in the material according to the specific experimental design. In this embodiment, the specific positions are distributed at 0.5D, 1D, 2D, 3D, 5D, 7D (D is the hole diameter), etc. The above data is only one case of this embodiment, and the specific placement position is set according to the actual situation. Then the permeable stone slab 22 and the water-distributing plate 15 are sequentially covered in the rigid model box 1 and effectively fixed, and then the cover plate of the rigid model box 1 is fixed on the rigid model box 1, and the jack 9 is installed. Next, connect the pressure-stabilizing water supply assembly to the water-distributing plate 15, and use the processing device to set the water pressure and water quality required for the test. Then use the processing device to set the test parameters (such as the pressure value, the direction of the maximum principal stress, etc.) designed in advance by the loading device, and then set up the camera 30 in a position that can effectively record the changes in the drilling hole 6. After the experimental preparation stage is over, start the device, use the processing device to start the monitoring system to record data, the processing device adds a preset hydrostatic pressure to the test material in the rigid model body, and uses the loading device to push the rigid plate 23 to the center of the rigid model box 1 according to the preset parameters of the test, and apply uniform pressure to the rock and soil body or similar materials. After waiting for the above work to be completed, let it stand for a period of time according to the test requirements. During this period, it is necessary to ensure that the processing device is operating normally at all times, and keep dynamic monitoring of the internal sensors at all times until the value of the seepage pressure sensor stabilizes at the required parameters. After the above steps are completed, the drilling assembly is moved to the drilling hole 6, the parameters such as drilling speed and depth required by the test design are input into the processing device, the baffle 4 is opened, and the drilling assembly is used to start drilling. According to the test design requirements, the casing 33 is added in stages as needed during the drilling process to play a certain wall protection role until the drilling depth reaches the drilling depth. After the mud and water inrush disaster occurs, the drilling assembly is removed, and the processing device is used to record the changes in sensor data. At this time, the effluent flows into the storage box 8 along the guide groove 7. The camera 30 is used to record the characteristics of the effluent, and then its volume, weight and other parameters are measured to prevent the effluent from polluting the site. After the mud and water inrush disaster is over, the three-dimensional laser scanner 19 is moved to the drilling hole 6, and the processing device is used to control the telescopic rod drive motor 34 and then control the telescopic rod 18 to send the three-dimensional laser scanner 19 into the borehole at a uniform speed. The internal situation of the borehole can be scanned, and three-dimensional modeling is performed in the computer 29, so as to better understand the internal mud cavity situation.

[0032] If it is a deep tunnel situation, the parameters of the pressure-stabilizing water supply component and the loading component can be adjusted according to the actual situation, and then the above steps can be carried out for testing. Finally, after the drilling is completed, the three-dimensional laser scanner 19 is pushed into the borehole according to the time period to scan the internal rock and soil cracks and morphology in different time periods, so as to simulate the deformation or rock burst of the deep tunnel excavation and make predictions in advance.

[0033] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A true three-dimensional simulation device for mud and water inrush deformation in tunnels or deep tunnels, characterized in that: The invention comprises a tunnel or deep tunnel simulation component, wherein the tunnel or deep tunnel simulation component comprises a storage box (8), a guide groove (7), a drainage hole (10), a chute (5), a baffle (4), a rigid model box (1), a guide frame (24), a drilling hole (6), a filter screen (17) and a filter hole (16), wherein a plurality of drainage holes (10) are arranged at the side end of the rigid model box (1), a chute (5) and a drilling hole (6) are arranged at the side end of the rigid model box (1), and the baffle (4) is slidably connected to the chute (5). The guide groove (7) is connected to the rigid model box (1) and is arranged at the drilling hole (6); the filter hole (16) is arranged on the inner wall of the bottom side of the guide frame (24); and a filter screen (17) is arranged on the side wall of the guide frame (24); a connector (11) is arranged on the surface of the rigid model box (1); a pressure-stabilizing water supply component connected to the connector (11) is arranged on the outside of the rigid model box (1); and a loading component, a drilling component, a monitoring system and a processing device are arranged on the peripheral side of the rigid model box (1); The pressure-stabilizing water supply assembly comprises a pressure-bearing water pipe (12), a water-distributing plate (15), a pressure gauge (14), a pressure-stabilizing water supply device (13) and a permeable stone plate (22); one end of the connector (11) is connected to the pressure-bearing water pipe (12); the permeable stone plate (22) is arranged in the rigid model box (1); the other end of the connector (11) is connected to the water-distributing plate (15); the pressure-bearing water pipe (12) is in communication with the pressure-stabilizing water supply device (13); the pressure gauge (14) is arranged on the pressure-stabilizing water supply device (13); a plurality of permeable holes are arranged on the bottom surface of the water-distributing plate (15); and the permeable stone plate (22) is arranged below the water-distributing plate (15); The loading assembly comprises a jack (9) and a rigid plate (23); a plurality of the jacks (9) are arranged outside the rigid model box (1); the rigid plate (23) is arranged inside the rigid model box (1); and the output end of the jack (9) is fixedly connected to the rigid plate (23).

2. A true three-dimensional simulation device for mud and water inrush deformation in tunnels or deep tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of second brackets (2) are fixedly connected to the side ends of the rigid model box (1), and a foot pad (3) is fixedly connected to the side ends of the second brackets (2).

3. A true three-dimensional simulation device for mud and water inrush deformation in tunnels or deep tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling assembly comprises a drilling motor (32), a casing (33), a fourth bracket (35), a second universal wheel (36) and a drill bit (37); a plurality of second universal wheels (36) are provided at the lower end of the fourth bracket (35); a drilling motor (32) is provided at the upper end of the fourth bracket (35); an output end of the drilling motor (32) is connected to the drill bit (37); and a casing (33) is provided on the outer side of the drill bit (37).

4. A true three-dimensional simulation device for mud and water inrush deformation in tunnels or deep tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring system comprises a telescopic rod drive motor (34), a three-dimensional laser scanner (19), a telescopic rod (18), a first bracket (20), a first universal wheel (21), a data collector (27), a camera (30) and a third bracket (31), wherein a plurality of first universal wheels (21) are fixedly connected to a side end of the first bracket (20), a telescopic rod drive motor (34) is fixedly connected to the first bracket (20), a telescopic rod (18) is provided at an output end of the telescopic rod drive motor (34), a three-dimensional laser scanner (19) is provided at an output end of the telescopic rod (18), the data collector (27) is arranged in a rigid model box (1), and a camera (30) is provided at one end of a plurality of the third brackets (31) close to each other.

5. A true three-dimensional simulation device for mud and water inrush deformation in tunnels or deep tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that: The processing device is a computer (29).

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