A fractal modular multi-aperture observation device and its design method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of telescope technology, and discloses a fractal modular multi-aperture observation device and a design method thereof, which comprises two groups of sub-telescopes, each group of the sub-telescopes comprises three sub-telescopes distributed in an equidistant annular array and used to receive light, the array center points of the two groups of the sub-telescopes are the same, and one group of the sub-telescopes is located in the other group of the sub-telescopes, and each of the central axes of the sub-telescopes located in the outer circle forms an angle of 60° with the central axes of the two adjacent sub-telescopes located in the inner circle; a reflector assembly, the reflector assembly is installed at the bottom of the plurality of sub-telescopes, and the reflector assembly comprises a primary mirror and a secondary mirror. The present invention greatly improves the angular resolution of the telescope by fractally arranging the sub-telescopes, and because synthetic aperture imaging is formed by effectively arranging a plurality of sub-apertures, a large amount of cost can be saved while improving the resolution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of telescopes, and in particular relates to a fractal modular multi-aperture observation device and a design method thereof. Background Art

[0002] A telescope is an optical instrument that uses lenses or reflectors and other optical devices to observe distant objects. It uses the refraction of light through the lens or the reflection of light by a concave mirror to enter a small hole and converge into an image, and then pass through a magnifying eyepiece to be seen. It is also called a "telescope". The first function of a telescope is to magnify the angle of distant objects so that the human eye can see details with smaller angular distances. The second function of a telescope is to send the light beam collected by the objective lens, which is much thicker than the pupil diameter (maximum 8 mm), into the human eye, so that the observer can see faint objects that were originally invisible.

[0003] Astronomical telescopes are the main tools for observing celestial bodies and capturing celestial information. Since Galileo made the first telescope in 1609, telescopes have been developing continuously, from optical bands to full bands, from ground to space, and the observation capabilities of telescopes have become stronger and stronger, and more and more celestial information can be captured. Humans have telescopes in the electromagnetic band, neutrinos, gravitational waves, cosmic rays, etc.

[0004] With the exploration of high-altitude long-distance identification, higher and higher requirements are put forward for the high resolution of telescope systems that undertake observation tasks. According to the classic Rayleigh criterion: θ = 1.22λ / D, when the working wavelength is determined, if the angular resolution of the system is to be improved, the system entrance pupil diameter can only be increased, resulting in an oversized aperture of the reflecting telescope. An oversized reflector telescope requires an oversized single-mirror primary reflector, but the weight, volume and difficulty of manufacturing and testing of the optical system will also be unbearable as the aperture increases sharply. Therefore, it is necessary to design a fractal modular multi-aperture observation device and its design method to solve this problem. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems raised in the above background technology. The present invention provides a fractal modular multi-aperture observation device and a design method thereof.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a fractal modular multi-aperture observation device, comprising two groups of sub-telescopes, each group of the sub-telescopes comprising three sub-telescopes distributed in an equidistant annular array and used for receiving light, the array center points of the two groups of the sub-telescopes are the same, and one group of the sub-telescopes is located inside the other group of the sub-telescopes, and each central axis of the sub-telescope located in the outer circle forms an angle of 60° with the central axes of the two adjacent sub-telescopes located in the inner circle; a reflector assembly, wherein the reflector assembly is mounted at the bottom of the plurality of sub-telescopes, and the reflector assembly includes The invention comprises a primary mirror and a secondary mirror, wherein the primary mirror can transmit the light received by the sub-telescope to the secondary mirror, and the secondary mirror can reflect the light and emit it as parallel light; a beam converging component, wherein the beam converging component is installed at the bottom of the reflector component to receive parallel light for equal optical path adjustment and convergence; a CCD camera, wherein the CCD camera is installed at the bottom of the beam converging component and can receive the parallel light converged by the beam converging component in real time for imaging; and a two-axis adjustment platform, wherein the reflector component is installed on the two-axis adjustment platform, and the two-axis adjustment platform can control the reflector component to adjust the angle in the X / Y axis.

[0007] Furthermore, each of the sub-telescopes is provided with an independent adjustment mechanism for changing its light aperture, so that the light aperture of each sub-telescope can be adjusted independently to achieve a suitable observation range.

[0008] Furthermore, the sub-telescope adopts a Cassegrain structure, and the sub-telescope is a double-sided curved mirror, which is a more reasonable design.

[0009] Furthermore, the main mirror adopts a Cassegrain structure, and the main mirror is a parabolic mirror with an opening at the center, and the focus of the hyperbolic mirror coincides with the focus of the parabola of the main mirror, so that the sub-telescope can transmit light to the main mirror. The Cassegrain structure design is relatively common because the spherical optical surface is not only easier to manufacture than a long-focal-length refracting telescope, although this type of structure is more expensive than a reflecting telescope of the same caliber, but due to the compact optical design, it is very easy to carry within the custom-designed caliber, making it more popular among rigorous and meticulous astronomy enthusiasts.

[0010] Furthermore, the filling factors of the three sub-telescopes in each group of sub-telescopes are all Golay-3 structures, and the range of F is F, and F is less than 0.6 and greater than 0.4. Compared with a single sub-aperture, the synthetic aperture resolution is not increased, but it only has the effect of increasing the beam energy collection degree.

[0011] Furthermore, a fast-swing mirror is provided between the sub-telescope and the reflector assembly, and the fast-swing mirror is used to reflect the external light collected by the sub-telescope to the reflector assembly and correct the optical axis jitter.

[0012] Furthermore, the reflector assembly is provided with an adjustment assembly for adjusting the light aperture of the main mirror, and the light aperture of the main mirror is 150-300 mm, so that it can be adjusted accordingly to match the change of the aperture of the sub-telescope.

[0013] Furthermore, the two-axis adjustment platform includes a base plate, on which a bracket with a concave structure is provided, on which two rotating shafts with horizontal axes are rotatably plugged through bearings, and the reflector assembly is fixedly connected between the two rotating shafts, and a first rotating assembly for driving the bracket to rotate along a horizontal plane is provided on the base plate, and a second rotating assembly for driving the rotating shaft to rotate along a vertical plane is provided on the bracket, and the purpose of X / Y axis adjustment of multiple sub-telescopes can be achieved through the cooperation of the first rotating assembly and the second rotating assembly.

[0014] Furthermore, the first rotating assembly includes a first stepper motor fixedly mounted on the top of the base plate with its output shaft facing upward, and the bottom of the bracket is fixedly connected to the end of the output shaft of the first stepper motor, and the second rotating assembly includes a second stepper motor fixedly mounted on one side of the bracket with its output shaft axially aligned with the rotating shaft, and one end of one of the rotating shafts is fixedly connected to the end of the output shaft of the second stepper motor, and the bracket can be driven to rotate accordingly on the base plate through the rotation of the output shaft of the first stepper motor to adjust the horizontal angle of the sub-telescope, and when the output shaft of the second stepper motor rotates, the rotating shaft can be driven to rotate accordingly, so that the vertical angles of multiple sub-telescopes on the reflector assembly can be adjusted.

[0015] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention also provides the following technical solutions: a design method of a fractal modular multi-aperture observation device, comprising S1, setting a plurality of sub-telescopes arranged in a fractal shape; S2, light is received by the plurality of sub-telescopes and incident on a primary mirror; S3, the primary mirror transmits the light to the secondary mirror, and the secondary mirror can reflect the light into a flat light and incident on a beam converging component; S4, the light is converged by the beam converging component and received by a CCD camera for imaging, thereby greatly improving the angular resolution of the telescope and the imaging quality.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The present invention greatly improves the angular resolution of the telescope by fractal arrangement of the sub-telescopes, and because synthetic aperture imaging is formed by effectively arranging multiple sub-apertures, a large amount of cost can be saved while improving the resolution. At the same time, the scheme can improve the filling factor, that is, the three groups of arrays of the inner and outer rings can move in opposite directions, and expose and acquire images at different positions. Due to the enhancement of fractal theory, the single lens can almost completely cover all positions within the entire envelope circle, which greatly improves the filling factor (the proportion of the actual lens imaging area in the entire envelope circle), and according to the fractal theory, the number of design layers can be gradually increased. This modular lens design theory using fractal theory is currently limited to scientific and technological level and cost control. In the future, when the technology is more mature, an array arrangement with a higher number of fractal layers can be designed under this theoretical basic framework to further improve the observation performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is another three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of existing geometric fractal theory;

[0023] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a sub-telescope structure array of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the light receiving process of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the design principle of the present invention;

[0026] In the figure: 1. sub-telescope; 2. reflector assembly; 3. beam focusing assembly; 4. CCD camera; 5. two-axis adjustment table; 51. base plate; 52. bracket; 53. rotating shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] See also Figure 1-7 The present embodiment provides a fractal modular multi-aperture observation device, comprising two groups of sub-telescopes 1, each group of sub-telescopes 1 comprising three sub-telescopes 1 distributed in an equidistant annular array and used for receiving light, the array center points of the two groups of sub-telescopes 1 are the same, and one group of sub-telescopes 1 is located inside the other group of sub-telescopes 1, and each central axis of the sub-telescope 1 located in the outer circle forms an angle of 60° with the central axes of the two adjacent sub-telescopes 1 located in the inner circle; a reflector assembly 2, the reflector assembly 2 is installed at the bottom of the plurality of sub-telescopes 1, the reflector assembly 2 comprises a primary mirror and a secondary mirror, the primary mirror can The light received by the sub-telescope 1 is transmitted to the secondary mirror, and the secondary mirror can reflect the light as parallel light and emit it; the beam convergence component 3, the beam convergence component 3 is installed at the bottom of the reflector component 2, and is used to receive parallel light for equal optical path adjustment and convergence; the CCD camera 4, the CCD camera 4 is installed at the bottom of the beam convergence component 3, and can receive the parallel light converged by the beam convergence component 3 in real time to form an image; the two-axis adjustment platform 5, the reflector component 2 is installed on the two-axis adjustment platform 5, and the two-axis adjustment platform 5 can control the reflector component 2 to adjust the X / Y axis angle. For the existing geometric fractal theory, please refer to Figure 4 , fracting a general single-aperture telescope, under the third-level fractal theory, we can get the arrangement of a multi-aperture telescope array as follows Figure 5 The device greatly improves the angular resolution of the telescope by fractally arranging the sub-telescope 1, and because it forms synthetic aperture imaging through the effective arrangement of multiple sub-apertures, it can save a lot of costs while improving the resolution. At the same time, the scheme can improve the filling factor, that is, the three groups of arrays of the inner and outer rings can move in opposite directions, and expose and acquire images at different positions. Due to the enhancement of fractal theory, the single lens can almost completely cover all positions within the entire envelope circle, which greatly improves the filling factor (the proportion of the actual lens imaging area in the entire envelope circle). According to the fractal theory, the number of design layers can be gradually increased. This modular lens design theory using fractal theory is currently limited to scientific and technological level and cost control. In the future, when the technology is more mature, an array arrangement with a higher number of fractal layers can be designed under this theoretical framework to further improve the observation performance.

[0029] Preferably, each sub-telescope 1 is provided with an independent adjustment mechanism for changing its light-transmitting aperture, so that the light-transmitting space of each sub-telescope 1 can be adjusted in aperture, which is more reasonable.

[0030] In some embodiments, the sub-telescope 1 adopts a Cassegrain structure, and the sub-telescope 1 is a double-sided curved mirror.

[0031] At the same time, the primary mirror adopts a Cassegrain structure, and the primary mirror is a parabolic mirror with an opening at the center, and the focus of the hyperbolic mirror coincides with the focus of the parabola of the primary mirror, so that the sub-telescope 1 can transmit light to the primary mirror. This design is very common in telescopes provided by manufacturers to consumers, because the spherical optical surface is not only easier to manufacture than a long-focal-length refracting telescope, although this type of structure is more expensive than a reflecting telescope of the same caliber, but due to the compact optical design, it is very easy to carry within the caliber designed according to the order, making it more popular among rigorous and meticulous astronomy enthusiasts.

[0032] In addition, the filling factors of the three sub-telescopes 1 in each group of sub-telescopes 1 are all Golay-3 structures, and their range is F, F<0.6 and>0.4. The arrangement of the sub-aperture array becomes more and more sparse as the filling factor becomes smaller, that is, the resolution of a single aperture. Compared with a single sub-aperture, the synthetic aperture resolution is not increased, but it only has the effect of increasing the beam energy collection degree.

[0033] Preferably, a fast-swing mirror is provided between the sub-telescope 1 and the reflector assembly 2, and the fast-swing mirror is used to reflect the external light collected by the sub-telescope 1 to the reflector assembly 2 and correct the optical axis jitter.

[0034] Specifically, the reflector assembly 2 is provided with an adjustment assembly for adjusting the aperture of the main mirror, and the aperture of the main mirror is 150-300 mm, so that it can be adjusted accordingly with the change of the aperture of the sub-telescope 1. Such a design will be more reasonable.

[0035] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3 The two-axis adjustment platform 5 includes a base plate 51, on which a bracket 52 with a concave structure is arranged, and two rotating shafts 53 with horizontal axes are rotatably inserted on the bracket 52 through bearings, and the reflector assembly 2 is fixedly connected between the two rotating shafts 53. A first rotating assembly for driving the bracket 52 to rotate along a horizontal plane is arranged on the base plate 51, and a second rotating assembly for driving the rotating shaft 53 to rotate along a vertical plane is arranged on the bracket 52, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the multiple sub-telescopes 1 on the X / Y axis.

[0036] In order to enable the bracket 52 to rotate along the horizontal plane, in some embodiments, it is proposed that the first rotating assembly includes a first stepper motor fixedly mounted on the top of the base plate 51 with the output shaft facing upward, and the bottom of the bracket 52 is fixedly connected to the end of the output shaft of the first stepper motor. In this way, the bracket 52 can be driven to rotate accordingly on the base plate 51 through the rotation of the output shaft of the first stepper motor, so that the horizontal angle of the sub-telescope 1 can be adjusted. In order to drive the rotating shaft 53 to rotate along the vertical plane, in some embodiments, the second rotating assembly includes a second stepper motor fixedly mounted on one side of the bracket 52 and the output shaft axial direction is the same as the rotating shaft 53, and one end of one of the rotating shafts 53 is fixedly connected to the end of the output shaft of the second stepper motor. When the output shaft of the second stepper motor rotates, the rotating shaft 53 can be driven to rotate accordingly, thereby achieving the purpose of driving the reflector assembly 2 to rotate, so that the vertical angles of multiple sub-telescopes 1 on the reflector assembly 2 can be adjusted.

[0037] At the same time, this specific embodiment also provides a design method for a fractal modular multi-aperture observation device, including S1, setting a plurality of sub-telescopes 1 arranged in a fractal shape; S2, light is received by the plurality of sub-telescopes 1 and emitted to the primary mirror; S3, the primary mirror transmits the light to the secondary mirror, and the secondary mirror can reflect the light into flat light and emit it into the beam converging component 3; S4, the light is converged by the beam converging component 3 and received by the CCD camera 4 for imaging, so that the angular resolution of the telescope is greatly improved, and the imaging quality is improved, and, according to the fractal theory, the number of design layers can be gradually increased according to the level of science and technology.

[0038] In the idle space of this device, all electrical components and their matching drivers are placed, and all the driving components mentioned above, which refer to power elements, electrical components and adapted power supplies, are connected through wires by personnel in this field. The specific connection means should refer to the above description, and the electrical connection is completed in the working order of each electrical component. The detailed connection means are well known in the art.

[0039] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0040] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fractal modular multi-aperture observation device, characterized in that: include: Two groups of sub-telescopes (1), each group of the sub-telescopes (1) comprising three sub-telescopes (1) arranged in an equidistant annular array and used for receiving light, the array center points of the two groups of the sub-telescopes (1) being the same, and one group of the sub-telescopes (1) being located inside the other group of the sub-telescopes (1), and the central axis of each of the sub-telescopes (1) located in the outer circle and the central axes of the two adjacent sub-telescopes (1) located in the inner circle forming an angle of 60°; A reflector assembly (2), the reflector assembly (2) being mounted at the bottom of the plurality of sub-telescopes (1), the reflector assembly (2) comprising a primary mirror and a secondary mirror, the primary mirror being capable of transmitting light received by the sub-telescopes (1) to the secondary mirror, and the secondary mirror being capable of reflecting the light as parallel light for emission; A light beam converging component (3), the light beam converging component (3) being mounted on the bottom of the reflector component (2) and used for receiving parallel light to perform equal optical path adjustment and converging; A CCD camera (4), the CCD camera (4) being mounted at the bottom of the light beam converging component (3) and capable of receiving parallel light converged by the light beam converging component (3) in real time to form an image; A two-axis adjustment platform (5), the reflector assembly (2) being mounted on the two-axis adjustment platform (5), and the two-axis adjustment platform (5) being capable of controlling the reflector assembly (2) to adjust the angle in the X / Y axis direction; Each of the sub-telescopes (1) is provided with an independent adjustment mechanism for changing its light aperture; The two-axis adjustment platform (5) comprises a base plate (51), a bracket (52) with a concave structure is arranged on the base plate (51), two rotating shafts (53) with horizontal axes are rotatably plugged on the bracket (52) via bearings, and the reflector assembly (2) is fixedly connected between the two rotating shafts (53), a first rotating assembly for driving the bracket (52) to rotate along a horizontal plane is arranged on the base plate (51), and a second rotating assembly for driving the rotating shaft (53) to rotate along a vertical plane is arranged on the bracket (52); The first rotating assembly comprises a first stepper motor fixedly mounted on the top of the base plate (51) with its output shaft facing upward, and the bottom of the bracket (52) is fixedly connected to the end of the output shaft of the first stepper motor, and the second rotating assembly comprises a second stepper motor fixedly mounted on one side of the bracket (52) with its output shaft axially aligned with the rotating shaft (53), and one end of one of the rotating shafts (53) is fixedly connected to the end of the output shaft of the second stepper motor; The sub-telescopes (1) are arranged in a fractal pattern to improve the angular resolution of the telescope. Synthetic aperture imaging is formed by effectively arranging multiple sub-apertures. The three arrays of the inner and outer rings move in opposite directions and are exposed at different positions to acquire images, so that the single lens almost completely covers all positions within the entire envelope circle.

2. A fractal modular multi-aperture observation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sub-telescope (1) adopts a Cassegrain structure, and the sub-telescope (1) is a hyperbolic mirror.

3. A fractal modular multi-aperture observation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The primary mirror adopts a Cassegrain structure, and is a parabolic mirror with an opening at the center, and the focus of the hyperbolic mirror coincides with the focus of the parabola of the primary mirror.

4. The fractal modular multi-aperture observation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filling factors of the three sub-telescopes (1) in each group of sub-telescopes (1) are all Golay-3 structures, the range of which is F, and F is less than 0.6 and greater than 0.

4.

5. The fractal modular multi-aperture observation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fast-swing mirror is arranged between the sub-telescope (1) and the reflector assembly (2), and the fast-swing mirror is used to reflect the external light collected by the sub-telescope (1) to the reflector assembly (2) and correct the optical axis jitter.

6. The fractal modular multi-aperture observation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reflector assembly (2) is provided with an adjustment assembly for adjusting the light aperture of the main mirror, and the light aperture of the main mirror is 150-300 mm.

7. The design method of a fractal modular multi-aperture observation device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, setting a plurality of sub-telescopes (1) arranged in a fractal pattern; S2, the light is received by multiple sub-telescopes (1) and directed to the primary mirror; S3, the primary mirror transmits the light to the secondary mirror, and the secondary mirror can reflect the light into parallel light and inject it into the beam converging component (3); S4, the light is converged by the light beam convergence component (3) and is received by the CCD camera (4) for imaging.

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