Modular Perforating Tools

Abstract

A perforating tool for use in a wellbore is described herein. The perforating tool comprises a housing, a plurality of frames assembled inside the housing, each frame having a cylindrical shape with a central axis and a plurality of bushings, each bushing having an axis perpendicular to the central axis, wherein the axis of the bushing of each frame is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the central axis, and the frames are axially stackable, an electrical conductor arranged along a central passage of each frame, a plurality of shaped charges fixed in the bushings of the frames, a diaphragm member arranged in the housing and forming a seal with the housing, and an initiator module arranged in the housing, wherein the diaphragm member is located between the initiator module and the plurality of frames.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 62 / 848,856, filed on May 16, 2019, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 011,082, filed on April 16, 2020, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to well perforation in oil and gas recovery. Specifically, embodiments of a modular perforating tool are described herein. Background Art

[0004] An oil well is a hole drilled into the ground, sometimes underwater. These holes can go down essentially straight into the ground, or can go forward at an angle, or even sideways. The well provides a conduit for oil and gas, or indeed any flowable resource, to flow out of the geological formation, into the hole, and to the surface. The hole is usually lined with a support material to keep the flow path open as the fluid flows into the conduit. The support material can be a pipe, concrete liner, or other support. Oil and gas flow through tiny cracks, fissures, and capillaries in the geological formation under the influence of the pressure drop between the formation and the hole. As the fluid moves through the formation, solids can be entrained in the fluid movement, which can get stuck in cracks and fissures, thereby slowing the recovery of the fluid from the formation. As the fluid is produced from the formation, the pressure of the formation drops, thereby reducing the pressure drop that causes the fluid to flow.

[0005] In some cases, flow from geological formations can be enhanced by forming conduits from the wellbore wall into the formation. These are openings extending from the wellbore wall into the formation, providing an open passage that is substantially unaffected by solid blockage to promote the free flow of oil and gas from the formation into the well. These conduits are typically formed by inserting a perforating tool into the well to ignite a perforating charge that is shaped to push an explosive force toward the wellbore wall in a desired pattern, typically through the well casing and / or liner. The focused blasting force pulverizes and removes a portion of the geology, rock, or other geology at the wellbore wall and at a radial distance (sometimes up to 60 inches) from the wellbore wall to the formation to form a conduit. In most cases, more than one such conduit is formed in the wellbore wall at different azimuths and depths, depending on the production needs of the well.

[0006] Perforating tools (sometimes called perforating guns) are complex tools that deliver an ignition pulse to one or more perforating charges positioned by the perforating gun to direct the explosion from the shaped charge in a desired direction. The perforating charges are contained and held in place by a cage, and the ignition circuit is electrically connected to the shaped charge. The transportation of such assemblies is strictly regulated worldwide due to the ease with which an explosion can be triggered. In most cases, the ignition pulse subassembly must be shipped separately from the explosive subassembly, and the tool assembled on site. This limitation complicates the delivery of perforating tools to the drilling site. In addition, it is challenging to secure the shaped charge in the desired position in the perforating gun. Typically, the shaped charge must be installed at a specific location in the perforating gun, limiting the flexibility of applying the explosion. There is a need in the industry for a perforating gun that is transportable and more flexible in operation. Summary of the invention

[0007] The embodiments described herein provide a device comprising: a shell; a plurality of frames assembled inside the shell, each frame having a cylindrical shape with a central axis and a plurality of bushings, each bushing having an axis perpendicular to the central axis, wherein the axis of the bushing of each frame is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the central axis, and the frames are capable of being axially stacked; an electrical conductor arranged along a central channel of each frame; a plurality of shaped perforating charges fixed in the bushings of the frames; a diaphragm member arranged in the shell and forming a seal with the shell; and an initiator module arranged in the shell, wherein the diaphragm member is located between the initiator module and the plurality of frames.

[0008] Other embodiments described herein provide a perforating tool, the perforating tool comprising: a cylindrical shell having a plurality of perforating slots formed therein; a plurality of projectile frames assembled inside the shell, each projectile frame having a cylindrical shape with a central axis and a plurality of bushings positioned adjacent to one of the perforating slots, each bushing having an axis perpendicular to the central axis, wherein the axis of the bushing of each projectile frame is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the central axis, each bushing has a retaining member extending around the circumference of the bushing, and the projectile frames are axially stackable; a plurality of shaped perforating charges fixed in the bushings of the projectile frames; a diaphragm member disposed in the shell and forming a seal with the shell; and an initiator module disposed in the shell, wherein the diaphragm member is located between the initiator module and the plurality of projectile frames.

[0009] Other embodiments described herein provide a perforating tool, the perforating tool comprising: a cylindrical shell; a first perforating assembly disposed inside the shell, the first perforating assembly comprising a first frame for a shaped charge, an initiator module, and a diaphragm member located between the frame and the initiator module; and a second perforating assembly disposed inside the shell, the second perforating assembly comprising a second frame for a shaped charge, the shaped charge being electrically coupled to the initiator module of the first perforating assembly via an electrical conductor disposed through a central channel of the second frame.

[0010] Other embodiments described herein provide a frame for containing a shaped charge, the frame comprising a body having a central axis, the body having a passage through the body along the central axis and a plurality of openings oriented transverse to the central axis, each opening comprising a wall having a circular cross-section and a diameter, the diameter decreasing from a first end of the opening to a second end of the opening, the first end of the opening having a circular rim and the second end of the opening having a port fluidly coupling the opening with the passage, each opening having a recess in the wall, the recess having a first sidewall and a second sidewall opposite the first sidewall, wherein a restriction extends from the first sidewall across the recess toward the second sidewall.

[0011] Other embodiments described herein provide a frame for containing a shaped charge, the frame comprising a body having a central axis, the body having a passage through the body along the central axis and a plurality of openings oriented transverse to the central axis, each opening comprising a wall having a circular cross-section and a diameter, the diameter decreasing from a first end of the opening to a second end of the opening, the first end of the opening having a circular edge and the second end of the opening having a port for fluidly coupling the opening to the passage, each opening having two rectangular notches on the wall on opposite sides, the two notches being aligned along the central axis, wherein a restriction extends across each notch along the circumference of the opening.

[0012] Other embodiments described herein provide a frame for containing a shaped charge, the frame comprising a body having a central axis, the body having a passage through the body along the central axis and a plurality of openings oriented transversely to the central axis, each opening comprising a wall having a circular cross-section and a diameter, the diameter decreasing from a first end of the opening to a second end of the opening, the first end of the opening having a circular edge and the second end of the opening having a port for fluidly coupling the opening to the passage, each opening having two rectangular notches on the wall on opposite sides, the two notches being aligned along the central axis, wherein a restriction extends across each notch along the circumference of the opening, the body having a first end with a plurality of first alignment features and a second end opposite the first end with a plurality of second alignment features matching the first alignment features.

[0013] Other embodiments described herein provide an initiator module comprising: a first member having a contact ring with a tapered surface and a central opening; a second member comprising a circuit board coupled to the second member in a transverse orientation by a plurality of clamps; and a central plug retaining an initiator protruding through the central opening of the first member.

[0014] Other embodiments described herein provide an initiator module comprising: a first member having a contact ring and a central opening at a first end of the initiator module, the contact ring having a tapered surface; and a second member comprising a circuit board coupled to the second member by a plurality of clamps; and a central plug retaining a detonator protruding through the central opening of the first member, wherein the initiator module has a cylindrical shape with a central axis, the circuit board is oriented along a plane perpendicular to the central axis, the initiator module has a second end opposite to the first end, and the initiator module also includes an electrical connector protruding from the second end.

[0015] Other embodiments described herein provide an initiator module comprising a first member having a contact ring at a first end of the initiator module and a central socket defining a central opening, the contact ring having a tapered surface; and a second member comprising a circuit board coupled to the second member by a plurality of clamps; and a central plug retaining a detonator mounted within the central socket of the first member, wherein the initiator module has a cylindrical shape with a central axis, the circuit board is oriented along a plane perpendicular to the central axis, the initiator module has a second end opposite the first end, and the initiator module further comprises a cylindrical electrical connector protruding from the second end.

[0016] Other embodiments described herein provide a baffle member for a perforating tool, the baffle member comprising a cylindrical body made of a structurally strong material, the cylindrical body having a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and a central channel formed along its axis from the first end to the second end; and an electrical conductor, the electrical conductor being disposed in the channel along the axis and having a first end and a second end, the first end having a circular pin extending into a socket formed in the first end of the cylindrical body, and the second end having an electrical connector disposed at the second end of the cylindrical body.

[0017] Other embodiments described herein provide a baffle member for a perforating tool, the baffle member comprising a cylindrical body made of a structurally strong material, the cylindrical body having a first end, a second end opposite to the first end, and a central channel formed along its axis from the first end to the second end; and an electrical conductor, the electrical conductor being arranged in the channel along the axis and having a first end and a second end, the first end having a circular pin extending into a socket formed in the first end of the cylindrical body, the second end having an electrical connector arranged at the second end of the cylindrical body, wherein the first end of the electrical conductor can be electrically connected to an initiator module for the perforating tool, and the second end of the electrical conductor can be electrically connected to the initiator module for the perforating tool and the bomb module for the perforating tool.

[0018] Other embodiments described herein provide a baffle member for a perforating tool, the baffle member comprising a cylindrical body made of a structurally strong material, the cylindrical body having a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and a central passage formed along its axis from the first end to the second end; an electrical conductor disposed in the passage along the axis and having a first end and a second end, the first end having a circular pin extending into a socket formed in the first end of the cylindrical body, the second end having an electrical connector protruding from the second end of the cylindrical body, wherein the first end of the electrical conductor is electrically connectable to an initiator module for the perforating tool, and the second end of the electrical conductor is electrically connectable to an initiator module for the perforating tool and a bomb module for the perforating tool; and an insulating member disposed in the central passage between the cylindrical body and the electrical conductor.

[0019] Other embodiments described herein provide a downhole treatment method that includes positioning a perforating charge in a perforating tool; positioning a booster charge adjacent to the perforating charge; deploying the perforating tool in a well; and activating the perforating charge by transferring ballistic energy from the booster charge directly to the perforating charge.

[0020] Other embodiments described herein provide a downhole treatment method, the method comprising positioning a plurality of perforating charges in a perforating tool; positioning a plurality of booster charges adjacent to the perforating charges, each booster charge adjacent to a corresponding perforating charge; deploying the perforating tool in a well; activating a first booster charge of the plurality of booster charges; activating each booster charge by directly transferring ballistic energy from an adjacent booster charge; and activating each perforating charge by directly transferring ballistic energy from the corresponding booster charge. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order that the manner in which the above-mentioned features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more specific description of the present disclosure briefly summarized above can be obtained by reference to embodiments, some of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. It should be noted, however, that the accompanying drawings illustrate only exemplary embodiments and are therefore not to be considered as limiting the scope thereof, and other equally effective embodiments may be permitted.

[0022] Figure 1A is a side view of a perforating tool according to one embodiment.

[0023] Figure 1B yes Figure 1A Detailed view of a portion of the perforating tool.

[0024] Figure 1C yes Figure 1A A cross-sectional view of a portion of a perforating tool.

[0025] Figure 1D yes Figure 1A A more detailed cross-sectional view of a portion of a perforating tool.

[0026] Figure 2A is a cross-sectional view of a perforating tool in a transport configuration according to another embodiment.

[0027] Figure 2B is a detailed view of a portion of a perforating tool according to one embodiment.

[0028] Figure 2C is a cross-sectional view of an initiator module according to another embodiment.

[0029] Figure 3A is an isometric view of a bomb frame according to another embodiment.

[0030] Figure 3B yes Figure 3A A cross-sectional view of a portion of a projectile frame.

[0031] Figure 3C yes Figure 3A of different isometric views of the frame.

[0032] Figure 3D is an isometric view of a frame according to another embodiment.

[0033] To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. It is contemplated that elements and features of one embodiment may be beneficially incorporated in other embodiments without further recitation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The modular perforating tools described herein are configured to be transportable in a single package and retractable in the field to any desired extent. The tools described herein also have configurable discharge directions and spacings. Figure 1A 1 is a side view of a perforating tool 100 according to one embodiment. The perforating tool 100 is configured to be integrated into a tool for a wellbore. The perforating tool 100 has a first end 102 and a second end 104 opposite the first end 102. Each end is configured to be attached to a drill string by threading, bolting, or other attachment means. Figure 1AThe illustrated apparatus shows an outer housing 106 in three identical sections 106A, 106B, and 106C that fit together at joints 107A and 107B. Each of the sections 106A, 106B, and 106C has an initiator end 108 and a diaphragm end 110. The initiator end 108 can accommodate an initiator, while the diaphragm end 110 can accommodate a diaphragm, each of which will be further described below. Each section 106A, 106B, and 106C also has a charge zone 112 generally between the initiator end 108 and the diaphragm 110 that accommodates a shaped charge that, when activated, performs perforation of the wellbore. The outer housing 106 of the perforating tool has a generally cylindrical shape having a circular cross-section at most locations along its length and a central cylindrical axis 103. Thus, the initiator end 108 of each segment 106A, 106B, and 106C encloses a cylindrical interior in which a cylindrical object may be disposed. Likewise, the diaphragm end 110 of each segment 106A, 106B, and 106C encloses a cylindrical interior, and the bomb area 112 also encloses a cylindrical interior.

[0035] Figure 1B yes Figure 1A Detailed view of a portion of a perforating tool 100 of FIG. 1. The figure shows one of the sections 106A, 106B, 106C of the outer shell 106. The outer shell 106 has a wall thickness that varies as a function of a particular location in the outer shell 106, with some portions being thicker and some portions being thinner. In particular, each shot zone 112 has two perforation slots 114, a first perforation slot 114A and a second perforation slot 114B, which are thin portions of the outer shell 106, configured to allow for the expulsion pulse of gas from one or more shaped charges located within the shot zone 112 adjacent to each perforation slot 114. Each perforation slot 114 is a band formed around the circumference of the outer shell 106, with a wall thickness that is generally less than the wall thickness at another location in the shell. The band advances in an azimuth direction around the circumference of the outer shell 106, generally along a plane transverse to the central axis. Each perforation slot 114 has a flat central portion 116 and an inclined wall 118 on either side of the central portion 116 that connects the central portion 116 to an outer wall 120 of the outer shell 106. The first perforation slot 114A has a first central portion 116A, a first inclined wall 118A, and a second inclined wall 118B opposite the first inclined wall 118A. The second perforation slot 114B has a second central portion 116B, a third inclined wall 118C, and a fourth inclined wall 118D opposite the third inclined wall 118C. The inclined walls 118 may be flat or curved and may form an angle of 20 to 80 degrees with the central portion. In this case, the inclined walls 118 all form a 45 degree angle with the corresponding central portion 116.

[0036] The central portion 116 of the perforation slot 114 has a uniform width along the axial direction of the perforation tool 100. The width of the central portion 116 is selected to provide a window for the exhaust gas of the central portion to penetrate, which is tailored to produce an exhaust pulse when the bomb is activated, which travels from the central portion to a desired distance in the wellbore wall with a desired dispersion profile. If the inner diameter of the outer shell 106 at the central portion 116 is D and the width of the central portion 116 is W, the ratio D / W is generally about 1 to about 100, such as about 2 to about 10, such as about 3.

[0037] Here, there are two perforation slots 114, but the outer shell 106 may have any desired number of perforation slots 114, as will be further explained below due to the modularity of the perforation tool 100. The minimum spacing between the perforation slots 114 is generally set by the internal structure of the perforation tool 100. Here, the spacing between the perforation slots 114 is approximately the same as the width of the central portion 116. In this case, each segment 106A, 106B, and 106C of the outer shell 106 has a baffle region 122 extending from the baffle end 110 of the segment to the first sloping wall 118A of the first perforation slot 114A; a first central portion 116A extending from the first sloping wall 118A to the second sloping wall 118B of the first perforation slot 114A, which is opposite to the first central portion of the first sloping wall 118A; a spacing region 126 extending from the second sloping wall 118B of the first perforation slot 114A to the third sloping wall 118C of the second perforation slot 114B; a second central portion 116B extending from the third sloping wall 118C to the fourth sloping wall 118D, which is opposite to the second central portion 116B of the third sloping wall 118C; and an initiator region 128 extending from the fourth sloping wall 118D to the initiator end 108 of the segment.

[0038] Figure 1C yes Figure 1A 106C. As described above, in this case, the outer shell 106 of the perforating tool 100 has three sections 106A, 106B and 106C. The first section 106A and the third section 106C shown herein are mostly empty in order to clearly present the inner wall structure of the outer shell 106. The second section 106B mainly features the internal structure of the perforating tool 100.

[0039] The perforating tool 100 includes an initiator module 130 , a plurality of charge modules 132 , and a spacer member 134 , in this case two charge modules 132 matching the number of perforating slots 114 in the outer housing 106 . Figure 1C Two diaphragm members 134 are shown in the device of FIG. The bomb module 132 is arranged between the diaphragm member 134 and the initiator module 130. The initiator module 130 is a cylindrical module having an outer diameter substantially the same as the inner diameter of the outer housing 106 at the initiator region 128.

[0040] The wall of the outer housing 106 at the initiator region 128 has a first portion 136, a second portion 138, and a third portion 140. The first portion 136 starts from the initiator end 108 of the outer housing 106 and extends to the second portion 138. The second portion 138 is located between the first portion 136 and the third portion 140. The inner diameter of the outer housing 106 tapers in the first portion 136 from a first diameter at one end of the first portion 136 to a second diameter at the second portion 138. The first diameter is smaller than the second diameter. The tapered portion of the inner wall of the outer housing 106 provides a tapered surface 139 for engaging with the initiator module 130.

[0041] The initiator module 130 includes a circuit board 142 disposed in a container 144. The container 144 includes a first member 146 and a second member 148. The first member 146 and the second member 148 can be separated to remove the circuit board 142 from the container 144. The initiator module 130 has a generally cylindrical shape with a first end 152 and a second end 153. The first member 146 has a contact ring 150 at the first end 152. The contact ring 150 has a tapered surface 154 that matches the tapered wall of the outer housing 106 in the first portion 136 of the initiator region 128 thereof. The tapered surface 154 of the contact ring 150 has an outer radius that matches the inner radius of the wall of the outer housing 106 in the first portion 136, and the outer radius decreases linearly toward the first end 152 so that the tapered surface 154 contacts the tapered wall of the outer housing 106 in the first portion 136. The outer radius may generally have any inclined profile, such as curved or angled, that matches the inner radius of the wall of the outer housing 106. It should be noted that instead of providing a tapered surface for the contact ring 150 to engage the wall of the outer housing 106, the wall of the outer housing 106 may have a shelf extending from a straight cylindrical wall, and the first member may have a contact ring or contact portion having a straight surface that engages the wall and an end that contacts the shelf.

[0042] The first member 146 of the container 144 has a central opening 156 that receives an initiator 158 disposed in the initiator module 130 and, when so disposed, protrudes through the central opening 156. The second member 148 includes a central plug 160 that aligns with the central opening 156 and holds the initiator 158 in place. The second member 148 also includes a plurality of clips 162 that hold the circuit board 142 in a position transverse to the central axis 103. The central plug 160 may be integrally formed with the second member 148, or may be a separate member that engages with the remainder of the second member 148 and with the initiator 158 and the first member 146.

[0043] The first member 146 has a central socket 155 that defines a central opening 156 and extends along the axis of the initiator module 130. The central plug 160 is assembled in the central socket 155 to assemble the first member 146 and the second member 148. The central plug 160 and the central socket 155 can be conductive to provide an electrical connection from the initiator module 130 to the bomb module 132, as further described below. Alternatively, one or both of the central plug 160 and the central socket 155 can be a non-conductive material, such as a polymer, in which a conductive member (such as a wire or rod) is disposed, for example, in a groove in the surface of one or both of the central plug 160 and the central socket 155, or disposed within the body of one or both of the central plug 160 and the central socket 155.

[0044] The central socket 155 has a small piece 145 that extends slightly beyond the end of the detonator 158 and closes the detonator 158. The central socket 155 has three parts, a first part that engages with the central plug 160, a second part that holds the detonator 158, and a third part defined by the small piece 145. The profile of each part is cylindrical. The inner diameter of the first part is greater than the outer diameter of the detonator 158 to accommodate the central plug 160. The inner diameter of the second part is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the detonator 158, so as to hold the detonator 158. Here, the first part and the second part have the same outer diameter, but the outer diameters of the two parts can be different. The inner diameter of the third part defined by the small piece 145 is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the detonator 158, and the outer diameter is less than the outer diameter of the first part and the second part. The small piece 145 has a hollow end to provide a fluid connection through the end of the small piece 145 for ballistic connection to the bomb module 132. The nub 145 fits within the electrical connections of the bomb module 132 , as further described below, to provide an electrical connection to the bomb module 132 .

[0045] Here, wires for connecting the detonator 158 to electricity are not shown. For example, if the detonator 158 has built-in electrical contacts, the detonator 158 can receive electrical energy by contacting the central plug 160. Alternatively, the detonator 158 can have wires. In this case, the wires are arranged through the central opening 161 of the second member 148 to be electrically connected to the contacts of the circuit board 142.

[0046] Figure 1D1 is a cross-sectional view of a charge module 132 of a perforating tool 100. Each charge module 132 includes a frame 164 that holds a plurality of shaped charges 166, each shaped charge being disposed in a bushing 168 engaged with the frame 164. Each frame 164 has a cylindrical shape, wherein a central axis 165 is aligned with a central axis 103 of the perforating tool 100 when the frame 164 is installed in the perforating tool 100. The bushing 168 is disposed in an opening 170 of the frame 164, and the opening 170 is arranged along a plane 172 that is perpendicular to the central axis 103. The plane 172 is represented here by a dashed line because Figure 1D The view of FIG. 1 shows a flat surface on the edge. In this case, each frame 164 has three such openings 170 spaced 120° apart in azimuth around the frame 164. The bushing 168 is cup-shaped to fit the shape of the projectile. The frame 164 is positioned inside the outer shell 106 so that the openings 170, bushing 168, and projectile are positioned adjacent the perforation slots 114 of the outer shell 106. Depending on the size of the projectile to be used, the frame 164 can be configured to hold any convenient number of projectiles in the openings evenly spaced in azimuth around the frame. Thus, by configuring the openings of the frame, two, three, four, five, or more projectiles can be positioned in a frame similar to these frames 164.

[0047] The frame 164 is made of a polymer material, such as polypropylene, polyurethane or other strong polymer materials. The frame 164 can be made by molding, engraving (e.g., laser scribing) or 3D printing. Figures 1B to 1D As shown, the frames 164 are stackable so that any number of frames 164 can be provided in the perforating tool. Typically, the number of frames 164 provided in the perforating tool coincides with the number of perforation slots 114 in the outer housing 106, but in principle a greater or lesser number of frames 164 can be provided in the outer housing 106. The frames 164 can also be rotated within the outer housing 106 to orient the discharge direction in any desired manner. The perforation slots 114 that advance completely around the housing 106 generally allow the shaped charges to be oriented in any azimuthal direction. The perforation slots 114 are equally susceptible to being penetrated by the shaped charges located adjacent to the perforation slots 114 within the frame 164 at each azimuthal angle. The rotatability of the frames 164 supports pointing the shaped charges held by the frames 164 in any direction within the perforating tool without restriction. In this way, the housing 106 of the perforating tool 100 does not need to be positioned or oriented according to a rotation angle to allow the jet from the shaped charges to penetrate in a desired direction.

[0048] Each frame 164 has a central passage 174 oriented axially in the center of the frame 164. An electrical conductor 176 is disposed through the central passage 174 of each frame 164. In this case, each frame 164 has an electrical conductor 176 disposed in its central passage 174. Each electrical conductor 176 contacts an inner wall 178 of the passage 174, but in some cases a space may be provided between the electrical conductor 176 and the inner wall 178. Such a space may be a continuous annular space, or may be discontinuous, if desired.

[0049] Each electrical conductor 176 has a first end 180 and a second end 182 opposite the first end 180. The first end 180 has a coupling 184. The coupling 184 has a first diameter and the remainder of the electrical conductor 176 has a second diameter. In this case, the first diameter is greater than the second diameter. The coupling can receive a connection portion of another module, such as an initiator module 130 or another frame 164. The second end 182 of each electrical conductor 176 protrudes beyond the frame 164, providing a connection that can connect the frame 164 to another frame 164, the initiator module 130, or the diaphragm member 134. When the bomb module 132 and the initiator module 130 are installed in the perforating tool 100, the coupling 184 of the frame 164 receives the portion of the detonator 158 that protrudes through the first member 146 of the initiator module 130. Here, the central passage 174 has a first portion 186 with a first diameter and a second portion 188 with a second diameter. In this case, the first diameter is greater than the second diameter. Here, the second diameter of the second portion 188 of the central passage 174 is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the electrical conductor 176, while the first diameter of the central passage 174 is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the coupling 184. Thus, the outer surface of the coupling 184 contacts the first portion 186 of the central passage 174, and the remainder of the electrical conductor 176 contacts the second portion 188 of the central passage 174, such that substantially no space is provided between the electrical conductor 176 and the central passage 174. In this case, the coupling 184 has a tapered outer surface, wherein the coupling 184 engages the remainder of the electrical conductor 176. The tapered outer surface of the coupling contacts a similarly tapered portion of the inner wall 178 of the central passage 174, which engages the first portion 186 and the second portion 188 of the central passage 174. As described above, this configuration allows for space to be provided between the electrical conductor 176 and the second portion 188 of the central passage 174, if desired.

[0050] The capsule 190 is positioned within the electrical conductor 176 of each frame 164, adjacent the opening 170 of the frame and adjacent the shaped charge 166. The capsule 190 is made of a combustible material that provides an ignition source for the shaped charge. Unlike conventional burners used in downhole tools, the capsule 190 has no direct physical connection to an energy source such as a detonating cord. The capsule 190 is simply a shaped volume of combustible material, possibly contained in a packaging material, which is assembled within the electrical conductor 176. Therefore, the capsule 190 is wireless. Before the frame 164 is placed in the container 144, the capsule 190 is slid into the electrical conductor 176. Here, the electrical conductor 176 has a ridge 192 at one end of the electrical conductor 176 to facilitate secure placement of the capsule 190 relative to the shaped charge. In this case, the ridge 192 is located at the second end 182 of the electrical conductor 176, but the ridge 192 can be located near the first end 180 of the electrical conductor 176.

[0051] In order to hold the capsule 190 in place within the electrical conductor 176, the restraint 194 is positioned at a desired location within the electrical conductor 176. The restraint 194 may be a removable member (such as a snap ring) or a retractable member that may extend around the entire circumference of the electrical conductor 176 or partially around the circumference. In any case, the restraint 194 may be removed or repositioned to allow the capsule 190 to be placed between the restraint 194 and the ridge 192. Figure 1D In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the capsule 190 is smaller than the space between the ridge 192 and the restriction 194 .

[0052] In other embodiments, the sac 190 may be sized to extend generally from the first end 180 to the second end 182 of the electrical conductor 176. In such a case, the sac 190 may be held in place between the ridge 192 of the first electrical conductor 176 and the ridge 192 of the second electrical conductor 196. Figure 1D , the bullet 190 can extend from the ridge 192 at the second end 182 of the first electrical conductor 176 to the first end 180 of the first electrical conductor 176 and can be held in place between the ridge 192 of the first electrical conductor 176 and the second end 182 of the second electrical conductor 176 disposed against the first end 182 of the first electrical conductor 176. Figure 1D As shown, the use of a separate restraint 194 allows a smaller cartridge 190 to be used.

[0053] Openings in the electrical conductors 176 adjacent similar openings in the inner wall 178 of the central passage 174 provide a fluid connection from the interior of the electrical conductors 176 through the frame 164 to the shaped charges 166. Each electrical conductor 176 provides a fluid connection from the initiator 158 to the capsule 190 along its length. The electrical conductors 176 thus provide both an electrical connection and a ballistic connection from the initiator module 130 to the shaped charges 166. When the circuit board 142 provides an electrical pulse, the electrical pulse is transmitted to the initiator 158 and the first electrical conductor 176 of the first frame 164 adjacent to the initiator module 130. The electrical pulse is transmitted by the first electrical conductor 176 through the first frame 164 to the capsule 190 of the first electrical conductor 176. The initiator 158 burns when the discharge from the circuit board is applied, and the ballistic discharge from the initiator 158 travels down the first electrical conductor 176 to the burning first capsule 190. The discharge from the first capsule 190 causes the shaped charges 166 adjacent to the first capsule 190 to be discharged. The discharge from the first capsule 190 also travels down the first electrical conductor 176 to the second end thereof along with the ignited electrical pulse from the circuit board 142. The second end of the first electrical conductor 176 cooperates with the coupling 184 of the second electrical conductor 176 of the second frame 164, providing fluid communication and electrical communication from the first electrical conductor 176 to the second electrical conductor 176. The ballistic discharge and electrical pulse travel from the first electrical conductor 176 of the second electrical conductor 176 to the second capsule 190, which discharges and ignites the shaped charges adjacent to the second capsule 190. The discharge from the shaped charges 166 is configured to pierce the perforation slots 114 of the outer casing 106 with sufficient energy to continue to the wellbore and through the wellbore wall into the formation. In this manner, the wellbore can be used to Figures 1A to 1D The illustrated configuration of the perforating tool 100 discharges any number of shaped charges 166 .

[0054] The above structure allows the perforating charges in the perforating tool to be activated without using wires to transfer energy. The detonator is activated in the detonator module by electrical stimulation, but then the direct transfer of ballistic energy from the detonator activates the first cartridge, which in this case is a booster charge. The activated ballistic energy transfer from the first booster charge activates the first perforating charge adjacent to the first booster charge. The activated ballistic energy transfer from the first booster charge also activates the second booster charge adjacent to the first booster charge. The ballistic energy transfer from the second booster charge in turn activates the second perforating charge adjacent to the second booster charge. In this way, the entire perforating gun consisting of multiple perforating charges can be activated essentially wirelessly. The only wired connection in such a structure is from the ignition circuit of the circuit board to the detonator in the detonator module. In the case where a wireless detonator module is used with the above structure, the entire perforating tool is wireless.

[0055] The circuit board 142 is also electrically connected to the electrical conductor 176, which provides power through the frame 164. The initiator module 130 includes a connector 141 having a central channel to receive the detonator 158 therein. The connector 141 protrudes from the initiator module 130 like the detonator 158 and is electrically connected to the coupling 184 of the electrical conductor 176. The plug 160 is inserted into the connector 141, and when the initiator module 130 is coupled to the bomb module 132, the detonator 158 held in the plug 160 passes through the connector 141 and protrudes into the electrical conductor 176.

[0056] The diaphragm member 134 is a dense, structurally strong object, such as made of steel. In this case, the diaphragm member 134 has a cylindrical body 147, but is generally shaped to match the cross-sectional profile of the outer shell 106. The diaphragm member 134 is disposed in the diaphragm area 122 in the outer shell 106. Figure 1C As shown, the diaphragm member 134 is inserted into the diaphragm region 122 of the second section 106B of the outer shell 106 so that the first end 167 of the diaphragm member 134 is connected to the protrusion of the second end 182 of the electrical conductor 176 by the diaphragm conductor 177 inserted through the central passage 175 of the diaphragm member 134, which extends from the first end 167 to the second end 163 of the cylindrical body 147 of the diaphragm member 134. As described above, the cylindrical body 147 of the diaphragm member 134 is made of a structurally strong material, which can be conductive or non-conductive. The diaphragm conductor 177 has a first end 173 and a second end 171 opposite the first end 173. The first end 173 has a connector 169 that protrudes at the first end 167 of the partition member 134 and receives an electrical conductor from another module, such as the second end 182 of the electrical conductor 176 of the frame 164 or the connector 141 of the initiator module 130 that protrudes from the initiator module 130. The second end 171 of the conductor 177 is a pointed structure having a rounded tip that extends into the socket 179 at the second end 163 of the partition member 134. The socket 179 is configured to couple only to the second member 148 of the initiator module 130 so that the circuit board 142 installed in the second member 148 is substantially protected from the detonation of the shaped charge in the charge module 132. Figure 1C In the embodiment, two baffle members 134 are mounted at either end of the assembly to isolate the discharge of the bomb module 132.

[0057] The diaphragm member 134 is inserted into the outer shell 106 and abuts the flange 159 of the outer shell 106, which marks the boundary between the diaphragm area 122 and the spring area 112 of the outer shell 106. In this case, the diaphragm member 134 is a cylindrical object, but is generally shaped according to the contour of the shell 106. As described above, the diaphragm member 134 has a retaining shelf 157 that engages with the edge 143 of the first section 106A of the outer shell 106, which is modularly engaged with the second section 106B. The edge 143 of the outer shell 106 securely captures the diaphragm member 134 between the edge 143 of one shell section and the flange 159 of the other shell section, securely retaining the diaphragm member 134 in the diaphragm area 122 of the shell sections.

[0058] The first seal is disposed in the first seal groove 153 of the diaphragm member 134 near the first end 167 thereof and between the diaphragm member 134 and the second housing segment 106B. The second seal is disposed in the second seal groove 151 disposed between the first housing segment 106A near the edge 143 and the diaphragm member 134. The first seal groove 153 is disposed in a side wall of the diaphragm member 134 extending from the retaining shelf 157 to the first end 167 of the diaphragm member 134 and having a first diameter. The second seal groove 151 is disposed in a side wall of the diaphragm member 134 extending from the retaining shelf 157 to the second end 163 of the diaphragm member 134 and having a second diameter. The retaining shelf 157 is thus located between the first seal groove 153 and the second seal groove 151, and the first seal groove 153 and the second seal groove 151 provide a seal between the diaphragm member 134 and the respective first housing segment 106A and the second housing segment 106B. A first diameter of the sidewall of the bulkhead member 134 between the first end 167 and the retaining shelf 157 is greater than a second diameter of the sidewall between the retaining shelf 157 and the second end 163 , so that the retaining shelf 157 can provide secure positioning of the bulkhead member 134 in the outer housing 106 .

[0059] The diaphragm member 134 has a recess 149 formed in a first end 167 thereof. A central passage 175 of the diaphragm member 134 is formed in a central region of the recess 149. The recess 149 facilitates insertion and removal of a conductor 177 in the central passage. The second end 163 of the diaphragm member 134 is generally designed to abut against the initiator module 130, while the first end 167 of the diaphragm member 134 is designed to dock with the bomb module 132. Here, the first end 167 of the diaphragm member 134 does not abut against the bomb module 132 because the conductors of the two components protrude and engage when the modules are not abutted. By reducing the distance that the conductors of the two modules protrude, the bomb module 132 can be disposed close enough to the diaphragm member 134 to abut against the first end 167 of the diaphragm member 134. It should be noted that the diaphragm member 134 is radially symmetrical, so the rotational orientation of the diaphragm member 134 in the outer housing 106 does not affect its operation.

[0060] Figure 2A FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a perforating tool 200 in a transport configuration according to another embodiment. The perforating tool 200 packages an initiator module 202 and a bomb module 204 in one package for shipment. The initiator module 202 is similar to Figure 1C to Figure 1D The initiator module 130 of the present invention has a two-piece container 206 that contains a circuit board 208 and a detonator 210. The detonator 210 is located at a first end 212 of the initiator module 202, and the initiator module 202 is coupled to a diaphragm member 214 at a second end 216 of the initiator module 202. The diaphragm member 214 is located between the initiator module 202 and the projectile module 204 in the perforating tool 200, and the detonator 210 is spaced apart from the projectile module 204 so that the perforating tool 200 can be shipped in the same package with the detonator and the projectile without the possibility of accidental ignition. An electrical connector 217 protrudes from the second end 216 of the initiator module 202 and engages with a socket 219 of the diaphragm member 214, wherein a diaphragm conductor 221 is positioned in the socket 219 and extends through the diaphragm member 214. Here, the electrical connector 217 is cylindrical, but in other embodiments, the electrical connector 217 can be a pin or bracket that engages with one or more similarly shaped sockets 219. The electrical connector 217 provides electrical continuity between the diaphragm member 214 and the initiator module 202. The diaphragm member 214 can be conductive. In this case, the insulating member 223 is disposed through the diaphragm member 214 between the cylindrical body 147 and the diaphragm conductor 221 to prevent short circuits through the diaphragm member 214. The insulating member 223 is disposed in the central passage 175 of the cylindrical body 147 ( Figure 1C), and in this case continuously lines the central passage 175. Thus, in this case, the insulating member 223 is a bushing. In other cases, the insulating member 223 may be a spacer instead of, or in addition to, a bushing. In this case, the insulating member 223 may be discontinuous or may have holes or openings that provide space between the cylindrical body 147 and the separator conductor 221. In the case where the separator member 214 is not conductive, the insulating member 223 may be omitted.

[0061] The electrical connector 217 may be a separate component from the initiator module 202. In one instance, the electrical connector 217 may be an electrical contact strip that fits within the shaped socket 219. Figure 2B is a detailed view of a portion of a perforating tool according to one embodiment. Figure 2B An embodiment is shown in which an electrical contact strip 217A is disposed in a shaped socket 219 to provide an electrical connection from the circuit board 208 to the separator conductor 221. The electrical contact strip 217A is a generally cylindrical conductive member that fits within the shaped socket 219 and provides an electrical connection under a 360 degree rotation of the member in electrical communication therewith. The electrical contact strip 217A has an open middle portion so that the separator conductor 221 can be inserted into the middle portion of the electrical contact strip 217A. In this case, the electrical contact strip 217A provides an electrical connection to the separator conductor 221, particularly under any rotation of the separator conductor 221.

[0062] exist Figure 2A , the circuit board 208 is shown as being electrically connected to the connector 217 via wires 240, which optionally terminate at contact pads 242 connected to the connector 217. Figure 2B In the embodiment, an optional spring pin 209 extending from the circuit board 208 may be provided to provide a connection from the circuit board 208 to the Figure 2A Connector 217 or Figure 2B The electrical contact strip 217A provides a secure electrical connection. Figure 2B In the embodiment, an electrical connection is formed from the circuit board 208 to the electrical contact strip 217A at the ring end of the electrical contact strip 217A facing the circuit board 208 by providing a cylindrical spring pin 209 having a tapered tip and a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the ring end of the electrical contact strip 217A. When the initiator module 202 is deployed with the bomb module 204, the tapered tip of the spring pin 209 is nested in the ring end of the electrical contact strip 217A, and the spring-loaded spring pin 209 is pressed down to provide an engagement force between the spring pin 209 and the ring end of the electrical contact strip 217A, thereby creating a stable electrical connection between the circuit board 208 and the separator conductor 221. Although Figure 2BThe spring pin 209 is shown as engaging the electrical contact strip 217A at the center of the loop end of the electrical contact strip 217A, but a spring pin such as the spring pin 209 may be used to make electrical contact at any convenient location between the circuit board 208 and the bulkhead conductor 221 using wires and contact pads or recesses in any convenient configuration. An RCA connection may also be used in place of the spring pin 209.

[0063] Here, the electrical contact band 217A is shown as a cylindrical member. The electrical contact band 217A may have a solid cylindrical wall, or may have a vertical slotted wall in some embodiments. In other embodiments, the electrical contact band 217A may have a generally cylindrical shape, having a first diameter at the end of the electrical contact band and having a second diameter near the middle of the electrical contact band, wherein the second diameter is less than the first diameter, such as a cylindrical shape with a slightly narrowed middle portion. Using such a shape and vertical slotting can provide a flexible and secure connection with the electrical contact band 217A.

[0064] There are two cartridge modules 204 in the perforating tool 200, but as described elsewhere herein, more or fewer cartridge modules 204 may be used. The cartridge modules 204, the diaphragm members 214, and the initiator modules 202 are configured with an outer housing 213 having a diaphragm region 218, a cartridge region 220, and an initiator region 222, similar to a combination of a cartridge module 204 and a detonator module 202. Figures 1A to 1D 106 and its sections 106A, 106B and 106C are depicted. To prepare for operation of the perforating tool 200, the initiator module is inserted into the interior of the outer housing 213 in the initiator zone 222, and the detonator 210 of the initiator module is connected to the bomb module 204. The initiator module 202 can be disconnected from the diaphragm member 214 and inserted into the initiator zone 222. Alternatively, the initiator module of another unit (like the perforating tool 200) can be connected at the initiator zone 222, thereby connecting the two bomb zones together in the extended perforating tool. The modular and safe transportation configuration of the perforating tool 200 allows multiple such tools to be transported to a field location and easily assembled into an operating configuration.

[0065] Figure 2C 2 is a cross-sectional view of an initiator module 250 according to another embodiment. The initiator module 250 is applicable to circuit boards of different configurations. The initiator module 250 has a first member 252 that accommodates a member similar to a igniter (not shown) that holds a detonator. Figure 1C The central plug 260 of the central plug 160. In this case, the central plug 260 is a separate component attached to the first member 252 by fasteners 262 (in this case screws).

[0066] Initiator module 250 also has a second member 254 including a circuit board 256 held to the second member 254 by a circuit board clamp 258. An external clamp 270 of the second member 254 engages a recess 272 of the first member 252 to releasably attach the first and second members 252, 254 together.

[0067] In this case, the initiator module 250 is configured to accommodate wires that connect the initiator to contacts located at the periphery of the circuit board 256. Here, the first member 252 has a central opening 274 to allow wires from the initiator to pass through the central opening 274 into a channel 276 of the first member 252. The central opening 274 has a bell-shaped entrance 275 to simplify feeding the initiator wires through the central opening 274. The channel 276 includes a curved guide 278 that extends from the central opening 274 toward the second member 254 and extends radially outwardly away from the central opening 274 toward the periphery of the first member 252 along a curved path. The channel 276 and the guide 278 together guide the initiator wires to the periphery of the first member 252 to simplify the connection of the wires to the contacts at the periphery of the circuit board 256.

[0068] Figure 3A is an isometric view of a frame 300 according to another embodiment. The frame 300 may be used as Figures 1A to 1D The frame 300 is one of the frames 164 in the bullet module 132 of the perforating tool 100 of the embodiment of the present invention. The frame 300 has a generally cylindrical shape with a central axis 302. In this case, the frame 300 is a single unit having a first end 304 and a second end 306 opposite the first end 304. The central axis 302 extends from the first end 304 to the second end 306. Each of the first end 304 and the second end 306 has a generally circular shape as the end of the cylindrical shape of the frame 300.

[0069] A side 308 of the frame 300 connects the first end 304 to the second end 306. A plurality of recesses 310 are formed in the side 308. The recesses 310 are generally circular and extend into the side 308 toward the central axis 302, and have a diameter that generally decreases toward the central axis 302. Each recess 310 generally defines an outer wall 312 of the recess 310, which is a surface extending from the side 308 toward the central axis 302. The outer wall 312 maintains a generally circular cross-section while tapering in size toward the central axis 302. The outer wall 312 generally takes a shape that facilitates placement of a projectile in the recess 310, which has a shape designed to project a ballistic discharge jet radially outward from the central axis 302. The recesses 310 are generally arranged in a coplanar arrangement, wherein a plane defined by the centroids of the three recesses 310 is perpendicular to the central axis 302 of the frame 300.

[0070] With the outer wall 312 of the recess 310 proximate the first end 304 and the second end 306 of the frame 300, a notch 314 is provided in the side 308 of the frame 300 from the outer wall 312 of the recess 310 to the respective first end 304 or second end 306. The recess 314 provides a basis for a restraint 316 that operates to secure the shaped charge in the recess 310. The restraint 316 extends from the side wall 318 of the recess 314 in a direction generally across the recess 314 toward the opposite side wall of the recess 314 facing the side wall 318. In this case, the recess 314 has a rectangular profile extending radially inward from the side 308 of the frame 300 toward the central axis 302. Therefore, each recess 314 has two substantially parallel side walls 318, and a bottom plate 320 connecting the two side walls 318 and perpendicular to the two side walls 318. The bottom plate 320 of each recess 314 is planar here, but may be curved in other embodiments. As described above, each end of the frame 300 (i.e., the first end 304 and the second end 306) has a recess 314, and the recesses 314 at the two ends 304 and 306 are aligned in a direction parallel to the central axis 302. The two side walls 318 of each recess 314 are substantially parallel and substantially parallel to the mid-plane between them passing through the central axis 302. Therefore, in this embodiment, the two side walls 318 do not extend in a radial direction. Alternatively, the two side walls 318 may extend in a radial direction, in which case the two side walls 318 will not be parallel. The side walls 318 are typically flat, but may be any convenient shape, curved, angled, inclined, etc.

[0071] There are two restraints 316 for each recess 310, one disposed in each opposing recess 314 of the recess 310. The restraints 316 of the recess 310 extend from opposing side walls 318, meaning that one of the restraints 316 of the recess 310 extends from the side wall 318 on a first side of a plane bisecting the recess 314, while the other restraint 316 extends from the side wall 318 on a second side of a plane bisecting the recess 314. The restraints extend from their respective side walls 318 along the edge of the recess 310. Each restraint 316 extends substantially parallel to the floor 320 of the recess 314. In this case, the restraints 316 bend in opposite directions along the circular perimeter of the recess 310. The restraints 316 are designed to engage with grooves in the rim of the cartridge bushing. When the cartridge bushing is pressed into the recess 310, the restraints 316 bend outwardly and snap into the grooves of the cartridge bushing to hold the cartridge securely in place. It should be noted that the restraints 316 of the recess 310 are located at the same height above the floor 320 of their corresponding recess 314 , but may be located at different heights, for example if two slots are provided in the bomb bushing to engage two restraints 316 .

[0072] The frame 300 has a nub 322 extending from a first end 304 of the frame 300. The nub 322 is cylindrical here, but may be any convenient shape. For example, the nub 322 may have the shape of any regular polygon, such as a square, triangle, pentagon, etc. A circular opening 325 at the end of the nub 322 leads to a passage through the frame 300 along the central axis 302. The passage may be the same as the passage 174 described above in connection with the perforating tool 200. The passage is Figure 3A Not visible in the illustration, but extending through the frame 300 to a second side 306 thereof to provide a conduit for the electrical conductors 176 described above.

[0073] Adjacent to the center of the bottom plate 320 of each notch 314 of the frame 300, extending from the first side 304 and substantially perpendicular thereto is a first alignment feature 324. Since there are three notches 314 in the frame 300, there are three first alignment features 324. In general, one or more first alignment features 324 may be provided. The alignment features 324 may have any arrangement on the first end 304. For example, the alignment features 324 may be located near the edge of the first end 304 or between the notches 314 near the nubs 322. Alternatively, two alignment features 324 arranged on opposite sides of the protrusion 322 may be used. Any convenient arrangement of the alignment features 324 may be used. The alignment features 324 are here posts extending perpendicular to the first end 304 and evenly distributed around the nubs 322. The cross-section of these posts is in the shape of a plus sign. Any type of alignment features 324 may be used. For example, bumps, ridges, and other types of protrusions may be used and may be mixed with recesses and / or notches and / or posts having different cross-sectional profiles (e.g., square, hexagonal, or having an irregular shape). The alignment features 324 cooperate with the alignment features on the second end 306 of the frame 300 to maintain the two frames 300 aligned with each other. The alignment features 324 may also be used to limit the rotation of one or more frames 300 within a perforating tool, such as the perforating tool 100, if desired.

[0074] In the case where a cylindrical connection feature is used to connect the first frame to the second frame, as described herein, the first frame and the second frame can operate in any rotational alignment. The axial features of the frame maintain electrical and fluid communication between the first frame and the second frame, so that the frames can be continuously rotated one relative to the other and maintain the operability of the frames. In the case where the discharge of the shaped charge generates torque, the frames can rotate relative to each other after the discharge, potentially changing the direction of the subsequent discharge. If the discharge is intended to be in certain directions, the rotation of the frame after the discharge can send the subsequent discharge in an unintended azimuthal direction. The alignment features described herein can be used to limit unintended rotation of the frames relative to each other.

[0075] Figure 3B yes Figure 3AFIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a restriction member 316 of FIG. The restriction member 316 has a generally irregular cross-sectional shape, with a first end 340 having a rectangular shape and a second end 342 opposite to the first end 340 having an irregular shape. The restriction member 316 has a first surface 344 and a second surface 346 perpendicular to the first surface 344. The first surface 344 has a first width, and the second surface 346 has a second width less than the first width. The restriction member 316 has a third surface 348 also perpendicular to the second surface 346 and thus parallel to the first surface 344, wherein the second surface 346 connects the first surface 344 and the third surface 348. The third surface 348 has a third width less than the first width. The restriction member 316 has a fourth surface 350 perpendicular to the first surface 344 and thus parallel to the second surface 346. The fourth surface has a fourth width less than the second width. The restriction member 316 has a fifth surface 352 connecting the third surface 348 to the fourth surface 350. The fifth surface 352 has a straight portion 354 connected to the third surface 348 and a curved portion 356 connected to the fourth surface 350. The straight portion 354 forms an angle with the third surface 348 that depends on the length of the third surface 348 and may be between about 120° and about 170°, for example, about 150°. The curved portion 356 may be rounded or rounded in a specific or non-specific manner. Here, the curved portion 356 has a radius of curvature that is substantially the same as the fourth length. The radius of curvature of the curved portion 356 depends on the dimensions of the other surfaces. The cross-sectional profile of the restrictor 316 is selected to fit the groove in the cup that holds the shaped charge and has a shape that successfully secures the restrictor 316 in the groove.

[0076] Reference again Figure 3A , each restriction 316 extends from a base 317 attached to a side wall 318 of the recess 314. The base 317 has a curved surface that connects each surface of the restriction 316 to the side wall 318. Each curved surface of the base 317 connects from the side wall to one of the surfaces of the restriction 316 described above. Therefore, the size of the base 317 matches the corresponding size of the restriction 316 where the base 317 meets the restriction 316, and the area of ​​the base 317 close to the side wall 314 is increased. Therefore, the base 317 is thicker than the restriction 316 to provide a solid foundation for attaching the restriction to the side wall 314.

[0077] Each restraint 316 has a latch feature 329 at the distal end of the restraint 316. In this case, the latch feature 329 has the shape of a triangular prism having two parallel right-angled triangular surfaces connected by a rectangular surface. The right angles of the latch feature 329 are adjacent to the above combination. Figure 3BThe first surface 344 of the limiter 316 is shown. The latch feature 329 has a thickness (separation distance of the triangular surfaces) that is less than the first width of the first surface 344. In this case, the thickness of the latch feature 329 is approximately half of the first width, but may be greater than or less than half of the first width in other embodiments. The right angle of the latch feature 329 is positioned near the end 331 of the limiter 316, and the latch feature 329 rises from the right angle to the edge 333. The surface of the latch feature 329 slopes downward from the edge 333 along the limiter 316, so that the highest portion of the latch feature 329 having the edge 333 is close to the end 331 of the limiter 316, and the latch feature 329 narrows in a direction away from the end 331 along the limiter 316.

[0078] Figure 3C is an isometric view of the frame 300 looking toward the second end 306. The second end 306 has an opening 326 that is connected to the first end 304 by a passage extending through the frame 300. Figure 3A The opening 326 is fluidly connected to the small block 322. The diameter of the opening 326 is larger than the diameter of the passage, as described in conjunction with the perforating tool 100. The diameter of the opening 326 is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the small block 322, so the small block 322 can be assembled in the opening 326 to stack multiple frames 300 together. As described above, the small block 322 can also cooperate with other components of the perforating tool. The opening 326 also accommodates connectors for other components of the perforating tool.

[0079] A plurality of second alignment features 328 are formed in the second end 306 of the frame 300. These alignment features 328 can engage with the first alignment features 324 of the first end 304. There are six second alignment features 328 on the second end 306, where there are only three alignment features 324 on the first end 304. As described above, one or more second alignment features may generally be provided. The six alignment features 328 here are recesses shaped to match the posts at the first end 304 of the frame 300 to allow two frames 300 to engage in two different relative orientations. The recesses 310 of two adjacent frames 300 coupled together may be aligned, pointing in the same direction, or the recesses 310 may be shifted by 30° in azimuth. The relative orientation of adjacent frames may be selected in this manner by providing alignment features having any desired relationship to allow different relative orientations. It should be noted that the spacing of the alignment features may be any useful spacing to allow positioning of adjacent frames at various different angular displacements.

[0080] Each recess 310 of each frame 300 also has a finger recess 330. The finger recess 330 is formed in the side 308 of the frame 300. The finger recess 330 is formed in the side 308 between the first end 304 and the second end 306 of the frame, only on one side of the recess 310. The finger recess 330 extends through the outer wall 312 of the recess 310, providing access to the recess 310 from the side. The finger recess 330 simplifies the process of extracting a cartridge (e.g., a spent cartridge) from the frame 300 by providing a lateral extraction method that minimizes stress on the restraint 316 when removing the cartridge from the frame 300. The finger recess 330 can have any convenient shape. Here, the recess 330 has a flat floor 332 and substantially straight side walls 334. The side walls 334 are not parallel here, but there is no reason why they cannot be parallel.

[0081] Figure 3D is an isometric view of a frame 380 according to another embodiment. Figure 3C Same perspective. Figure 3D The frame in FIG. 380 is a variation having only two recesses 310. The two recesses 310 of the frame 380 are also arranged in the same manner as Figure 3C The recesses 310 of the frame 300 in the embodiment of the present invention are arranged in the same coplanar manner. Here, two recesses 310 are arranged at an angle α of 120° to 180°. Such a frame 350 can be made with different angles α so that the projectile geometry of a single perforating tool can be distributed among a plurality of such angles and then selected using any suitable firing method. A single perforating tool can be equipped with various frames 300 and frames 350 to provide flexibility with respect to the direction selected for perforating.

[0082] While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present disclosure, other and further embodiments of the disclosure may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, which is determined by the following claims.

Claims

1. A device, comprising: case; a plurality of frames, the plurality of frames being assembled inside the housing, each frame having a cylindrical shape with a central axis and a plurality of bushings, each bushing having an axis perpendicular to the central axis, wherein the axes of the bushings of each frame are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the central axis, each bushing having a retaining member extending around the circumference of the bushing, and the frames being axially stackable; an electrical conductor disposed along a central passage of each frame; a plurality of shaped charges, the plurality of shaped charges being fixed in the bushing of the frame; a partition member disposed in the housing and forming a seal with the housing; as well as An initiator module is arranged in the shell, wherein the partition member is located between the initiator module and the multiple frames, wherein the initiator module can be directly connected to one of the frames or to the partition member, the initiator module includes a circuit board arranged in a container with an orientation transverse to the central axis, the container includes a first member and a second member that can be separated from the first member, the first member has a plurality of clamps configured to hold the circuit board, the second member has an opening aligned with the central axis, and the initiator module also includes a detonator, which protrudes through the opening and is electrically connected to the circuit board.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the spacer member electrically isolates the initiator module from the plurality of shaped charges.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a detonation member disposed adjacent to the shaped charge, wherein the detonation member is disposed in the electrical conductor.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical conductor contacts an inner wall of each central channel.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the electrical conductor is a tube.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the initiator module is electrically coupled to the electrical conductor via an electrical contact strip.

7. A perforating tool, comprising: a cylindrical shell having a plurality of perforation slots formed therein; a plurality of projectile frames, the plurality of projectile frames being assembled inside the housing, each projectile frame having a cylindrical shape with a central axis and a plurality of bushings positioned adjacent one of the perforation slots, each bushing having an axis perpendicular to the central axis, wherein the axes of the bushings of each projectile frame are disposed in a plane perpendicular to the central axis, each bushing having a retaining member extending around a circumference of the bushing, and the projectile frames being axially stackable; A plurality of shaped charges, wherein the plurality of shaped charges are fixed in the bushing of the charge frame; a partition member disposed in the housing and forming a seal with the housing; as well as An initiator module is arranged in the shell, wherein the partition member is located between the initiator module and the multiple bomb frames, wherein the initiator module is configured to be directly connected to one of the frames or to the partition member, the initiator module includes a circuit board arranged in a container with an orientation transverse to the central axis, the container includes a first member and a second member that can be separated from the first member, the first member has a plurality of clamps configured to hold the circuit board, the second member has an opening aligned with the central axis, and the initiator module also includes a detonator, which protrudes through the opening and is electrically connected to the circuit board.

8. The perforating tool of claim 7, wherein the spacer member electrically isolates the initiator module from the plurality of shaped charges.

9. The perforating tool of claim 8, further comprising a conductive tube disposed in an axial passage formed through each cartridge frame.

10. The perforating tool of claim 9, further comprising a detonation member disposed in the conductive tube adjacent to the shaped charge.

11. The perforating tool of claim 9, wherein the initiator module is configured to be directly coupled to the conductive tube such that the initiator protrudes into the conductive tube.

12. The perforating tool of claim 7, wherein each bomb frame is made of a polymer material.

13. The perforating tool of claim 7, wherein the initiator module is electrically coupled to the bomb frame using electrical contact straps.

14. A perforating tool, comprising: Cylindrical shell; a first perforating assembly disposed inside the housing, the first perforating assembly comprising a first frame for a shaped charge, an initiator module, and a partition member located between the first frame and the initiator module; a second perforating assembly disposed within the housing, the second perforating assembly comprising a second frame for a shaped charge, the shaped charge being electrically coupled to the initiator module of the first perforating assembly via an electrical conductor disposed through a central passage of the second frame; as well as Capsule charges are disposed in the electrical conductor adjacent to one or more shaped charge locations of the second frame.

15. The perforating tool of claim 14, wherein each of the first frame and the second frame has a central passage, and the second frame is ballistically coupled to the initiator module through the central passage of the second frame.

16. The perforating tool of claim 14, wherein the electrical conductor is a tube, and an outer surface of the tube contacts an inner surface of the central passage.

17. The perforating tool of claim 14, wherein the spacer member has a central passage, an insulating member disposed in the central passage, and an electrical conductor disposed within the insulating member in the central passage.

18. The perforating tool of claim 14, wherein the capsule perforating charge is a cordless capsule perforating charge.

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