An electric field sensing device and implementation method for realizing three-dimensional electric field measurement by single-axis movement

Abstract

This invention proposes an electric field sensing device and method for achieving three-dimensional electric field measurement using single-axis motion. The device is designed as a field mill structure, employing a motor-driven rotating rod that rotates a set of metal spherical shields distributed around the rotating rod, periodically blocking horizontal and vertical induction plate groups. The induction plate groups generate induced currents, which, after processing by a signal processing circuit, produce optical signals carrying electric field information. These signals are then connected to a host computer via optical fiber, allowing for visual online measurement of the three-dimensional electric field around the sensing device. This sensing device can simultaneously acquire electric fields from three directions in a Cartesian three-dimensional coordinate system. Through signal processing, optical fiber, and the host computer, the induced current signals are converted into visual signals representing the corresponding electric fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of detection technology and automation devices, specifically relating to an electric field sensing device and implementation method that uses single-axis motion to achieve three-dimensional electric field measurement. It includes the structure, parameter design and measurement principle of the device, and is particularly suitable for measuring the three-dimensional electric field in a specific area of ​​the environment. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of power electronics technology, the density of high-voltage power grids is increasing, and the surrounding electric field environment is becoming more complex. As a result, large electrostatic fields and discharge fields caused by corona discharge may be generated near the power grid. These electric fields may interfere with mobile communication, medical devices, and measuring instruments in the surrounding environment. At the same time, the complex electric field environment around high-voltage transmission lines may have certain negative impacts on the production and lives of the general public.

[0003] To accurately assess the impact of environmental electric fields, data collection and analysis are necessary. Therefore, more precise and comprehensive measurement of environmental electric field strength has become increasingly important. Traditional electric field measurement devices typically only measure one-dimensional electric fields, resulting in dimensional limitations in the measured field strength and making the data less comprehensive and reliable when analyzing environmental electric field strength. To address this issue, three-dimensional electric field measurement devices have been developed. Most existing three-dimensional electric field measurement devices consist of three one-dimensional electric field measurement devices arranged in a specific manner, or a single measurement device measuring the electric field in three calibrated dimensions in stages. However, because the coordination between multiple devices is often complex, and the electric field at each moment can be affected by the real-time surrounding environment, these measurement methods suffer from drawbacks such as difficulty in miniaturization, poor data reliability, and limited online measurement capabilities.

[0004] Meanwhile, with the development of IoT and communication technologies, combining sensors with communication technologies holds significant potential. Specifically, it's crucial for sensing devices to possess both precise testing capabilities during detection and accurate signal reception when communication is required. This is essential for achieving the multifunctionality of a finite system. To apply testing sensing devices in communication systems, these devices must have excellent signal reception capabilities. Furthermore, given the diverse input directions of communication signals in practice, three-dimensional sensing capabilities are necessary. However, accurately perceiving omnidirectional signals in a three-dimensional environment remains an unsolved problem.

[0005] Furthermore, in modern production and daily life, miniaturization of measuring devices is particularly important when analyzing electric fields in confined spaces. In environments with strong electric field variations, online measurement capabilities are crucial for describing these changes. Meanwhile, current electric field measuring devices struggle to accurately sense signals in three-dimensional environments, hindering the realization of applications for sensing devices in communication systems. Therefore, to accurately analyze electric fields in various complex environments and to make the integration of testing and communication possible, the design of measuring devices needs to comprehensively consider the influence of multiple practical factors. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention aims to solve issues in measurement systems and provide a possible sensing device for combining measurement and communication systems. This invention designs an electric field sensing device that uses single-axis motion to achieve three-dimensional electric field measurement. The measurement principle is analyzed, the problem of measuring three-dimensional electric fields in complex electric field environments is solved, and the measurement device is miniaturized and can be used for online measurement.

[0007] The present invention specifically adopts the following technical solution.

[0008] An electric field sensing device and method for achieving three-dimensional electric field measurement using single-axis motion are disclosed. The electric field sensing device includes: a field-polished electric field measurement unit, an optical fiber, and a host computer. The field-polished electric field measurement unit completes the acquisition and conversion of spatial three-dimensional electric field signals; the optical fiber completes the signal transmission between the field-polished electric field measurement unit and the host computer; the host computer realizes the visualization processing of the signals acquired by the field-polished electric field measurement unit.

[0009] The field-milled electric field measurement unit consists of a three-dimensional electric field sensor, a signal processing unit, and a power supply unit. The three-dimensional electric field sensor comprises a spherical metal shield, a motor-driven rotating rod, a horizontal induction plate group, and a vertical induction plate group. The electric field strengths in the x, y, and z directions are obtained from the induced currents on the vertical and horizontal induction plate groups, calculated according to Gauss's law, and then converted by the signal processing unit. Based on the principle of vector superposition, the electric field strengths in the x, y, and z directions are synthesized on the host computer to obtain the total measured electric field strength.

[0010] The three-dimensional electric field sensor is fixed to the upper part of the field-milled electric field measurement unit. The three-dimensional electric field sensor is circumferentially distributed around the rotating rod driven by the motor. Four spherical metal shields are connected to the top of the rotating rod and are equidistantly and coplanarly distributed around its perimeter. The horizontal sensing plate group consists of four horizontal sensing plates, which are equidistantly and coplanarly distributed around the rotating rod below the spherical metal shields at a certain distance. The distance between the center of each sensing plate and the central axis of the rotating rod is equal to the distance between the spherical metal shield and the central axis of the rotating rod. The vertical sensing plate group consists of four vertical sensing plates, whose centers are equidistantly distributed around the rotating rod, and the centers of all four vertical sensing plates are coplanar with the plane formed by the centers of the four spherical metal shields. The metal conductor rods on the horizontal and vertical induction plate groups pass through the metal shield in the middle of the metal housing of the field-grinding measurement unit and are connected to the signal processing unit in the signal processing area below. The centerlines of the metal conductor rods are equidistantly distributed in circles about the centerline of the rotating rod driven by the motor. According to Gauss's law, as the spherical metal shield rotates with the rotating rod driven by the motor, it periodically blocks each induction plate in the horizontal and vertical induction plate groups, thus generating a corresponding induced charge on the induction plates. The expression for the induced charge is:

[0011]

[0012] Therefore, based on the fundamental formula for current generation, the induced current caused by the induced charge can be obtained as follows:

[0013]

[0014] In the formula The induced charge on the sensor plate, The electric field strength to be measured is... Let ε be the area of ​​the inductor exposed to the electric field in the direction to be measured, and ε be the dielectric constant of the dielectric. The induced current generated on the sensing element. The induced current generated in the three-dimensional electric field sensor is sent to the signal processing unit for signal processing, and finally the signal is converted into a corresponding optical signal, which is transmitted to the host computer through optical fiber for visualization, reading and operation.

[0015] The field-milled electric field measurement unit is placed in the area to be measured to measure the electric field strength of this area. To avoid the influence of the electric field in the area to be measured on the signal processing unit, to avoid mutual interference between the three-dimensional electric field sensor and the signal processing unit, and to meet the structural requirements of the three-dimensional electric field sensor, the outer shell of the field-milled electric field measurement unit is designed as a cylindrical metal structure with a metal shield in the middle. This shields the external electric field from the signal processing unit, and the three-dimensional electric field sensor and the signal processing unit are mutually shielded and separated by the metal shield. The area where the three-dimensional electric field sensor is located is called the induction zone, and the area where the signal processing unit is located is called the signal processing zone. The power supply unit is fixed on the main PCB of the signal processing unit and provides power to the motor that drives the rotating rod and other active circuit units in the signal processing unit. The signal processing unit is mainly used in the sensing device to process the induced current signal output by the three-dimensional electric field sensor, and uses the phase-sensitive detection principle to determine the vector direction of the induced current signal. The positive and negative signs and amplitude of the DC signal are used to represent the vector direction and vector magnitude of the corresponding induced current, thereby obtaining the vector direction and vector magnitude of the external electric field corresponding to the induced current.

[0016] One terminal of the optical fiber is connected to the signal processing unit via an optical fiber plug on the metal casing of the field-polished electric field measurement unit, enabling the output of optical signals. The other terminal of the optical fiber is connected to the host computer used in the experiment, enabling the reception of the optical signal output by the signal processing unit, which contains the direction and magnitude of the external electric field vector, for the user to visualize and operate the signal.

[0017] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0018] On the one hand, by periodically blocking the vertical and horizontal induction plate groups through the rotation of the spherical metal shield around the axis of the rotating rod driven by the motor, it has the characteristics of being able to sense the electric field intensity from the x, y and z directions separately and simultaneously, and generate corresponding induced currents. It has reliable three-dimensional electric field measurement capability and strong online measurement capability. On the other hand, the induced current generated by the vertical and horizontal induction plate groups is processed by the signal processing unit, converting the signal into an optical signal, and transmitting the optical signal to the host computer through optical fiber. It has the advantages of timely signal processing, high-speed, high-efficiency and stable signal transmission, low signal attenuation, strong signal anti-interference capability and signal visualization.

[0019] This invention can meet the requirements for measuring three-dimensional electric fields, achieving high-speed, efficient, safe, and reliable real-time online measurement of three-dimensional electric field strength. Furthermore, since the measurement of the three-dimensional electric field can be achieved using a single-axis rotation, this invention allows for miniaturization of the electric field sensing device compared to traditional electric field sensing devices that combine multi-axis rotation principles. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the three-dimensional electric field sensor (2) of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the field-milled electric field measurement unit (1) of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the signal processing unit (7) architecture;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the reference level generation circuit (31).

[0025] The components include: 1-field-grinding electric field measurement unit; 2-three-dimensional electric field sensor; 3-metal shield; 4-motor-driven rotating rod; 5-horizontal induction plate group; 6-vertical induction plate group; 7-signal processing unit; 8-power supply unit; 9-optical fiber; 10-host computer; 11-spherical metal shield 1; 12-spherical metal shield 2; 13-spherical metal shield 3; 14-spherical metal shield 4; 15-vertical induction plate 1; 16-vertical induction plate 2; 17-vertical induction plate 3; 18-vertical induction plate 4; 19-horizontal... 1-Induction sensor, 20-Horizontal induction sensor, 21-Horizontal induction sensor, 22-Horizontal induction sensor, 4-Induction sensor, 23-Photoelectric encoder, 24-Motor, 25-Main PCB, 26-Fiber optic connector, 27-IV conversion circuit, 28-Signal amplification circuit, 29-Bandpass filter circuit, 30-Phase compensation circuit, 31-Reference level generation circuit, 32-Motor control circuit, 33-Phase-sensitive detector circuit, 34-Low-pass filter circuit, 35-Photoelectric conversion circuit, 36-Photoelectric switch, 37-Waveform shaping circuit, 38-Frequency divider. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] This invention relates to an electric field sensing device and method for achieving three-dimensional electric field measurement using single-axis motion. For example... Figure 1As shown, the sensing device consists of the following parts: a spherical metal shield (3), a motor-driven rotating rod (4), a horizontal sensing plate group (5), a vertical sensing plate group (6), a signal processing unit (7), a power supply unit (8), an optical fiber (9), and a host computer (10). During the measurement of the field strength vector, the field-polished electric field measuring unit (1) is first placed in the area of ​​the electric field to be measured. Then, the three-dimensional electric field from the x, y, and z directions radiates onto the surfaces of the vertical sensing plate group (6) and the horizontal sensing plate group (5) in the three-dimensional electric field sensor (2). The spherical metal shield (3) rotates around and follows the rotating rod (4) driven by the motor, periodically blocking the vertical sensing plate group (6) and the horizontal sensing plate group (5). This causes the surfaces of the vertical sensing plate group (6) and the horizontal sensing plate group (5) to generate an induced current related to the external electric field strength to be measured (where the area of ​​each sensing plate in the horizontal sensing plate group (5) and the vertical sensing plate group (6) is equal to the area of ​​the circular cross-section of the diameter of each sphere in the spherical metal shield (3)). The induced current is then sent to the signal processing unit (7) for processing, generating an optical signal corresponding to the induced current. Finally, the optical signal is transmitted to the host computer (10) via optical fiber (9) for visualization processing.

[0028] like Figure 1 and 2As shown, the three-dimensional electric field sensor (2) consists of the following parts: a spherical metal shield (3), a motor-driven rotating rod (4), a horizontal sensing plate group (5), and a vertical sensing plate group (6). The spherical metal shield (3) is composed of spherical metal shield 1 (11), spherical metal shield 2 (12), spherical metal shield 3 (13), and spherical metal shield (14), and is connected and fixed to the top of the motor-driven rotating rod (4) by a metal rod. The motor-driven rotating rod (4) is insulated from the metal shield in the housing of the field-milled electric field measurement unit (1) through an insulating sleeve nested in a bearing, and is connected to the motor (24) in the signal processing unit (7) through the shield. The horizontal sensing element group (5) consists of horizontal sensing element 1 (19), horizontal sensing element 2 (20), horizontal sensing element 3 (21), and horizontal sensing element 4 (22), and is connected to the signal processing unit (7) through metal conductive rods passing through the insulating sleeves on the metal shielding sheet, transmitting the induced current corresponding to the electric field to be measured in the z direction to the signal processing unit (7). The vertical sensing element group (6) consists of vertical sensing element 1 (15), vertical sensing element 2 (16), vertical sensing element 3 (17), and vertical sensing element 4 (18), and is connected to the signal processing unit (7) through metal conductive rods passing through the insulating sleeves on the metal shielding sheet, transmitting the induced current corresponding to the electric field to be measured in the x and y directions to the signal processing unit (7). As shown in formula (2), the induced current can be obtained by Gauss's theorem (as shown in formula (1)). Since the induced current in the x and y directions is generated by the differential structure formed by the two opposing vertical induction plates in the vertical induction plate group (6) periodically blocked by the spherical metal shield (3) (if vertical induction plate 1 (15) and vertical induction plate 3 (17) are used to calibrate the x direction, then the y direction is calibrated by vertical induction plate 2 (16) and vertical induction plate 4 (18), and the two sets of induction plates can also be interchanged to calibrate x and y), the forms of the induced current generated in the x and y directions can be obtained from formula (2) as formula (3) and formula (4) respectively:

[0029]

[0030]

[0031] In the formula The induced charge on the sensor plate, The electric field strength to be measured is... Let ε be the area of ​​the inductor exposed to the electric field in the direction to be measured, and ε be the dielectric constant of the dielectric. The induced current generated on the sensing element. and The induced charges on an induction plate in the x and y directions are respectively. and These represent the areas of each induction element exposed to the electric field in the x and y directions, respectively. and These represent the total induced current generated by the induction plate group in the x and y directions, respectively.

[0032] Since the induced current in the z-direction is generated by the spherical metal shield (3) periodically blocking the vertical induction plate group (6) of vertical induction plate group 1 (19), vertical induction plate 2 (20), vertical induction plate 3 (21) and vertical induction plate 4 (22), the form of the induced current generated in the z-direction can be obtained from formula (2) as formula (5):

[0033]

[0034] In the formula Let Z be the induced charge on a sensor plate in the z-direction. The area of ​​each induction element exposed in the electric field along the z-direction to be measured. This represents the total induced current generated by the inductor array in the z-direction.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, the field-milled electric field measurement unit (1) consists of the following parts: a three-dimensional electric field sensor (2), a signal processing unit (7), and a power supply unit (8). The field-milled electric field measurement unit (1) is entirely encased in a metal shell to shield the signal processing unit (7) from the influence of the external electric field and to protect the entire field-milled electric field measurement unit (1). Eight drainage outlets are provided around the outer shell of the sensing area to prevent water accumulation in the sensing area during rainy days from affecting the measurement results and the service life of the shell. The photoelectric encoder (23) in the signal processing unit (7) is fixed on the rotating rod (4) driven by the motor and connected to the photoelectric switch tube (36). The photoelectric switch tube (36) is connected to the waveform shaping circuit (37) in the main PCB (25) below through a wire. The rotor head of the motor (24) in the signal processing unit (7) is connected to the rotating rod (4) driven by the motor, and the rotating rod (4) driven by the rotor joint of the motor (24) rotates. The motor (24) in the signal processing unit (7) is fixed on the lower main PCB (25), connected to the motor control circuit (32), and controlled by the motor control circuit (32). The fiber optic plug (26) is fixed on the metal shell of the field-polished electric field measurement unit (1), and its inner core is connected to the photoelectric conversion circuit (35) in the signal processing unit (7), transmitting the optical signal corresponding to the intensity of the three-dimensional electric field to be measured to the host computer (10) through the optical fiber (9). The power supply unit (8) is fixed on the main PCB (25) of the signal processing unit (7), providing DC power to the motor (24) and other active devices on the signal processing unit (7).

[0036] like Figure 4As shown, the signal processing unit (7) consists of the following parts: a motor (24), an IV conversion circuit (27), a signal amplification circuit (28), a bandpass filter circuit (29), a phase compensation circuit (30), a reference level generation circuit (31), a motor control circuit (32), a phase-sensitive detection circuit (33), a low-pass filter circuit (34), and a photoelectric conversion circuit (35). The induced current generated by the three-dimensional electric field sensor (2) enters the IV conversion circuit (27) in the signal processing unit (7) to convert the current signal into a voltage signal. The voltage signal is amplified by the signal amplification circuit (28) connected to the IV conversion circuit (27), and the interference signal is filtered out by the bandpass filter (29) connected to the signal amplification circuit (28) to obtain the useful fundamental frequency signal. This fundamental frequency signal is output by the phase compensation circuit (30) connected to the bandpass filter circuit (29) and is respectively connected to the signal reference level generation circuit. (31) The reference levels in the x, y, and z directions are at the same frequency and have a phase difference of 0 degrees or 180 degrees. The phase difference between this fundamental frequency signal and the reference signals in the x, y, and z directions output by the reference level generation circuit (31) will determine the polarity of the DC signal in the signal path in the x, y, and z directions output by the phase-sensitive detector circuit (33). Thus, the magnitude and direction of the induced current signals in the x, y, and z directions sensed by the three-dimensional electric field sensor (2) can be determined, and the magnitude and direction of the external electric field to be measured in the x, y, and z directions can be obtained. In order to obtain accurate data and facilitate visualization processing, the pulsed DC signal containing AC signal components generated by the phase-sensitive detector circuit (33) is passed through a low-pass filter (34) to obtain a standard DC signal. Figure 5As shown, the reference level generating circuit (31) consists of the following parts: photoelectric encoder (23), photoelectric switch (36), waveform shaping circuit (37), and frequency divider (38). The photoelectric encoder (23), which is fixed to the rotating rod (4) driven by the motor in the three-dimensional electric field sensor (2), generates an optical signal with the same frequency as the sensing signal of the horizontal sensing plate group (5). The photoelectric switch (36) senses the optical signal generated by the photoelectric encoder (23) and outputs an electrical signal with the same frequency. The waveform shaping circuit (37) shapes this electrical signal into a pulse electrical signal with the same frequency as the sensing signal of the horizontal sensing plate group (5). A part of the signal in the reference level generating circuit (31) is directly input to the phase-sensitive detector circuit (33) and is at the same frequency as the z-channel fundamental frequency signal output by the phase compensation circuit (30). At the same time, this part of the signal is also used as a feedback signal to be input to the motor control circuit (32) to stabilize the motor speed. Another part of the signal in the reference level generation circuit (31) is converted into a frequency-divided signal of the z-path fundamental frequency signal by the frequency divider (38) (because in the vertical sensing plate group (6), the number of sensing plates in the x and y direction sensing plate groups is half the number of sensing plates in the horizontal sensing plate group (5).) The reference signals in the x and y directions are obtained and input into the phase-sensitive detection circuit (33), and this signal is in the same frequency as the x and y-path fundamental frequency signals output by the phase compensation circuit (30). The photoelectric conversion circuit (35) converts the voltage signals in the x, y and z directions output by the low-pass filter (34) and the voltage control signal controlling the motor control circuit (32) into optical signals that can be transmitted by the optical fiber (9). The optical signal is received by the host computer (10) connected to the other end of the optical fiber. The host computer (10) performs visualization processing on the optical signal containing the three-dimensional information of the electric field to be measured and the motor control information, and realizes the processing and reading of data.

[0037] The applicant of this invention has provided a detailed description and explanation of the specific structure and implementation method of this invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above implementation process is merely a preferred embodiment of this invention, and the use of formulas and illustrations is solely to help readers more easily understand the design concept of this invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. Conversely, any improvements or modifications made based on the design concept of this invention should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. An electric field sensing device that uses single-axis motion to achieve three-dimensional electric field measurement, characterized in that: The electric field sensing device includes a spherical metal shield (3), a motor-driven rotating rod (4), a horizontal sensing plate group (5), a vertical sensing plate group (6), a signal processing unit (7), a power supply unit (8), an optical fiber (9), and a host computer (10). The four spherical metal shields (3) are equidistantly fixed around the top of the cylindrical rod of the motor-driven rotating rod (4). The horizontal sensing plate group (5) consists of four metal discs with the same radius as the diameter of the spherical metal shield (3), equidistantly placed horizontally at a certain distance directly below each spherical metal shield. The induced current generated by the z-direction electric field from the horizontal sensing plate group (5) is transmitted to the signal processing unit (7). The vertical sensing plate group (6) consists of four metal discs with the same radius as the diameter of the spherical metal shield (3), equidistantly placed vertically opposite to the direction of the motor-driven rotating rod (4) of each spherical metal shield. The induced current generated by the electric field in the x and y directions of the vertical sensing plate group (6) is transmitted to the signal processing unit (7). The spherical metal shield (3), the rotating rod (4) driven by the motor, the horizontal sensing plate group (5) and the vertical sensing plate group (6) constitute a three-dimensional electric field sensor (2). The signal processing unit (7) and the power supply unit (8) are fixed below the metal shield at the bottom of the electric field sensor (2). The power supply unit (8) supplies power to the signal processing unit (7) and the motor (24) that drives the rotating rod (4) driven by the motor. The signal processing unit (7) processes the induced current transmitted from the horizontal sensing plate group (5) and the vertical sensing plate group (6) and modulates the corresponding optical signal to be transmitted to the optical fiber (9). The signal processing unit (7), the power supply unit (8) and the three-dimensional electric field sensor (2) constitute a field-polished electric field measurement unit (1). The field-polished electric field measurement unit (1) transmits the signal to the host computer (10) through the optical fiber (9).

2. The electric field sensing device for three-dimensional electric field measurement using single-axis motion according to claim 1, characterized in that: In order to measure the three-dimensional electric field, the three-dimensional electric field sensor (2) has four spherical metal shields (3) fixed at equal intervals around the top of the cylindrical rod of the motor-driven rotating rod (4). The motor-driven rotating rod (4) is penetrated through an insulating sleeve and fixed in the bearing on the metal shield separating the sensing area and the signal processing area. The horizontal sensing plate group (5) and the vertical sensing plate group (6) are penetrated through an insulating sleeve and fixed on the metal shield separating the sensing area and the signal processing area. The horizontal sensing plate group (5) is distributed on the lower side of the four spherical metal shields (3) and at the same height to measure the electric field strength in the z direction. The vertical sensing plate group (6) is distributed on the outer side of the four spherical metal shields (3) and at the same height. The opposing sensing plate groups are set to measure the electric field strength in the x and y directions respectively. The structural dimensions of the three-dimensional electric field sensor (2) must be designed according to the actual measurement requirements and the actual measurement environment.

3. The electric field sensing device for three-dimensional electric field measurement using single-axis motion according to claim 1, characterized in that: In order to meet the structural requirements of the three-dimensional electric field sensor (2), shield the influence of the external electric field on the signal processing circuit, and achieve miniaturization, the field-milled electric field measurement unit (1) is designed with a cylindrical shell. A metal shielding plate is horizontally fixed in the middle of the shell, dividing the field-milled electric field measurement unit (1) into an induction zone and a signal processing zone. The three-dimensional electric field sensor (2) is located in the induction zone, and the signal processing unit (7) and the power supply unit (8) are located in the signal processing zone. The shell is made entirely of metal materials, and its structural dimensions must be designed according to the measurement requirements and the specific dimensions of the three-dimensional electric field sensor (2).

4. The electric field sensing device for three-dimensional electric field measurement using single-axis motion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal processing unit (7) includes an IV conversion circuit, a signal amplification circuit (28), a bandpass filter circuit (29), a phase compensation circuit (30), a reference level generation circuit, a phase-sensitive detector circuit (33), a low-pass filter circuit (34), a photoelectric conversion circuit (35), a motor (24), and a motor control circuit (32). In order to meet the cylindrical shell structure requirements of the field grinding type electric field measurement unit (1), the PCB of the signal processing unit is designed to be circular, and its structural size is designed according to the specific size of the cylindrical shell structure of the field grinding type electric field measurement unit (1).

5. The electric field sensing device for three-dimensional electric field measurement using single-axis motion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical fiber (9) embeds the transmission medium within the insulator to transmit three optical signals in parallel, each carrying the measured electric field information in the x, y, and z directions, as well as an optical signal for motor control, ensuring high-speed, efficient, and safe signal transmission.

6. The electric field sensing device for three-dimensional electric field measurement using single-axis motion according to claim 2, characterized in that: The principle of the horizontal sensing plate group (5) measuring the electric field in the z direction and the vertical sensing plate group (6) measuring the electric field in the x and y directions is as follows: the horizontal sensing plate group (5) and the vertical sensing plate group (6) are periodically blocked by the spherical metal shield (3), and an induced current is generated on the sensing plate group. Thus, a three-dimensional electric field sensing method suitable for this device is formed based on Gauss's theorem. The electric field in the x and y directions is calibrated by setting the normal direction of one set of sensing plates facing each other in the vertical sensing plate group (6) as the x direction and the normal direction of the other set of sensing plates that are 90 degrees apart from it as the y direction. The electric field in the z direction is calibrated by the normal direction of the horizontal sensing plate group (5).

7. The electric field sensing device for three-dimensional electric field measurement using single-axis motion according to claim 6, characterized in that: First, calculate the induced current in the x and y directions. Since the two inductors in the two groups of vertical inductors (6) are placed facing each other, the induced currents obtained in the x and y directions should be in differential form, and their magnitude is twice the current on one inductor in each group. Then, calculate the induced current in the z direction. Since the four inductors in the horizontal inductor group (5) are placed horizontally in the same direction, the induced current obtained in the z direction is four times the current on one inductor. Finally, determine the electric field in the corresponding directions based on the induced currents in the x, y, and z directions. The total electric field can be obtained by vector synthesis. The induced currents are all solved using Gauss's theorem, which is described as follows: wherein is the induced charge on the sensing sheet, is the electric field strength to be measured, is the area of the sensing sheet exposed to the electric field in the direction to be measured, ε is the dielectric constant of the dielectric, and Taking the derivative gives the induced current on each sensing sheet as: In the formula This refers to the induced current generated on the sensing element.

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