Radiation transmission composite structure, glass antenna and vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a radiation transmission composite structure, a glass antenna and a vehicle. The radiation transmission composite structure is an integrated structure and has flexibility. The radiation transmission composite structure comprises a circuit layer structure, a radiation part, a feeding part, a conversion part, a transmission part and a connecting part. The connecting part is used for electrically connecting the transmission part and a vehicle-mounted OBU master control structure, and realizing radio frequency energy transmission between the transmission part and the vehicle-mounted OBU master control structure and impedance matching between the two. The transmission part is used for realizing closed transmission of radio frequency energy between the connecting part and the conversion part. The conversion part is used for realizing conversion of a radio frequency transmission line type between the transmission part and the feeding part. The feeding part is used for feeding radiation energy to the radiation part. The radiation part is used for radiating radio frequency energy to a preset target. The radiation part and the feeding part are arranged between outer glass and inner glass of the glass antenna, and the transmission part and the connecting part are arranged on a side of the inner glass away from the outer glass.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of intelligent transportation technology, and more specifically, relates to a radiation transmission composite structure, a glass antenna, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the promotion of ETC by traffic management departments, OBU (On-Board Unit) has become a key research focus for manufacturers at all levels. Typically, the OBU adopts an integrated design, with the antenna being a microstrip antenna integrated into the main control board. The entire OBU structure is attached to the vehicle's windshield using 3M adhesive, enabling the transmission and reception of electromagnetic wave energy, thus achieving electronic toll payment without stopping.

[0003] The OBU structure is attached to the vehicle's windshield using 3M adhesive. This adhesive method severely impacts the OBU antenna performance due to the adhesive and the windshield, resulting in pattern distortion and deterioration of axial ratio, thus reducing system performance and affecting the OBU's usability. Furthermore, the use of 3M adhesive carries the risk of the OBU falling off due to adhesive failure, and it also lacks aesthetic appeal, affecting the overall appearance.

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of using 3M adhesive, a solution has been to separate the microstrip antenna from the OBU and integrate it into the interlayer of the vehicle's windshield. However, due to the limited space within the vehicle's windshield interlayer, the PCB that can be embedded in the glass interlayer often needs to be very thin, resulting in a narrow circular polarization bandwidth for the antenna, which is detrimental to its circular polarization operation. Furthermore, due to limitations in glass manufacturing processes, it is often difficult to design openings or slots on the glass surface, making it impossible to use conventional RF connectors to bring out the power supply for the glass antenna. Therefore, how to bring out the antenna's power supply has become a pressing issue. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a radiation transmission composite structure, a glass antenna, and a vehicle to solve the technical problem that the limited space in the glass interlayer of existing vehicle antennas affects the lead-out of the antenna feed section and its working performance.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is: to provide a radiation transmission composite structure, wherein the radiation transmission composite structure is an integrated structure and has flexibility;

[0007] The radiation transmission composite structure includes a circuit layer structure and a radiating section, a feeding section, a conversion section, a transmission section, and a connecting section sequentially electrically integrated on the circuit layer structure; wherein...

[0008] The connecting part is used to electrically connect the transmission part and the vehicle-mounted OBU main control structure, and also to realize the radio frequency energy transmission between the transmission part and the vehicle-mounted OBU main control structure and the impedance matching between them; the transmission part is used to realize the closed transmission of radio frequency energy between the connecting part and the conversion part; the conversion part is used to realize the conversion of the radio frequency transmission line type between the transmission part and the feed part; the feed part is used to feed radiated energy into the radiating part; the radiating part is used to receive the radio frequency energy fed into the feed part and radiate radio frequency energy to a preset target;

[0009] Furthermore, the radiating part and the feeding part are disposed between the outer glass layer and the inner glass layer of the glass antenna, and the transmitting part and the connecting part are disposed externally on the side of the inner glass layer away from the outer glass layer.

[0010] In one embodiment, the radiating section, feeding section, conversion section, transmission section, and connecting section are arranged linearly along the extension direction of the circuit layer structure.

[0011] In one embodiment, the circuit layer structure includes at least a first circuit layer and a second circuit layer parallel to and spaced apart from the first circuit layer. The first circuit layer has opposing first and second layers, and the second circuit layer has opposing third and fourth layers. The second layer and the third layer are opposite to each other and spaced apart.

[0012] The radiating part includes a radiating structure and a metal structure. The radiating structure array is arranged on the first layer, and the metal structure is disposed on the fourth layer. The power feeding part is disposed on the second layer and / or the third layer, and the power feeding end of the power feeding part and the geometric center of the radiating structure are arranged facing each other along the thickness direction of the circuit layer structure. The power feeding part is used to feed radiating energy into the radiating structure through proximity coupling.

[0013] In one embodiment, the conversion section includes a closed metal shielding structure and an impedance transformation stub disposed inside the metal shielding structure. The impedance transformation stub is disposed on the second layer and / or the third layer and is used to realize the conversion of the radio frequency transmission line type between the transmission section and the feed section.

[0014] In one embodiment, the metal shielding structure includes a first metal shielding layer covering the first layer and a second metal shielding layer covering the fourth layer, as well as a metal isolation pillar electrically connecting the first metal shielding layer and the second metal shielding layer along the thickness direction of the circuit layer structure.

[0015] The first metal shielding layer, the second metal shielding layer, and the metal isolation pillar together constitute a dielectric-filled waveguide structure.

[0016] In one embodiment, the connection portion includes an RF connector, a solder pad, and a tuning stub; wherein,

[0017] The outer conductor of the RF connector is soldered to the first layer, the solder pad is soldered to the fourth layer, the tuning stub is soldered to the solder pad, and the inner conductor of the RF connector penetrates the circuit layer structure along the thickness direction of the circuit layer structure and is soldered to the solder pad.

[0018] Furthermore, a clearance area is provided on the first circuit layer in the area directly opposite the radio frequency connector. The clearance area is recessed inward from the first layer and penetrates the metal layer of the first circuit layer.

[0019] In one embodiment, the connection portion further includes a plurality of metal pillars, which extend along the thickness direction of the circuit layer structure and are arranged sequentially at intervals along the same circumference with the inner conductor of the RF connector as the center, so as to form a vertical interconnect structure and create a coaxial-like effect.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the radiation transfer composite structure provided in this application are as follows:

[0021] Compared with existing technologies, the radiating and transmitting composite structure provided in this application adopts an integrated design and fabrication. Due to the flexibility of its circuit layer structure, it can be bent and pressed into the glass interlayer. Specifically, the sections containing the radiating and feeding sections can be pressed between the outer and inner glass layers of the glass antenna, enabling outward radiation of radiated energy. The transmitting and connecting sections are externally located on the side of the inner glass layer away from the outer glass layer, achieving electrical connection with the on-board unit (OBU) main control structure. Using the radiating and transmitting composite structure provided in this application eliminates the need for additional openings or slots in the glass, reducing the requirements for processing technology, solving the problem of external antenna feeding, and improving overall integration.

[0022] Another objective of this application is to provide a glass antenna, which includes an outer glass layer and an inner glass layer that are stacked and bonded together by an adhesive layer.

[0023] The glass antenna further includes the radiation transmission composite structure described above, wherein the radiation transmission composite structure is bent with the section containing the conversion part as the deflection point, the section containing the radiating part and the feeding part is disposed between the outer glass layer and the inner glass layer, and the section containing the transmitting part and the connecting part is disposed on the side of the inner glass layer away from the outer glass layer; and,

[0024] A characteristic conversion processing structure is disposed between the outer glass layer and the inner glass layer. The characteristic conversion processing structure and the section containing the radiating part and the feeding part are disposed opposite to and spaced apart from each other along the thickness direction of the glass antenna.

[0025] The radiating section is used to radiate radio frequency energy to the characteristic conversion processing structure, and the characteristic conversion processing structure is used to perform characteristic conversion on the radio frequency energy radiated by the radiating section.

[0026] In one embodiment, the outer glass layer has opposing first and second surfaces, and the inner glass layer has opposing third and fourth surfaces, wherein the second and third surfaces are opposite to each other and bonded together by the adhesive layer; wherein,

[0027] The section containing the radiating part and the feeding part is sandwiched between the adhesive layer and the third surface, the section containing the transmitting part and the connecting part is attached to the fourth surface, and the characteristic conversion processing structure is sandwiched between the second surface and the adhesive layer.

[0028] In one embodiment, the radiative transfer composite structure is U-shaped.

[0029] In one embodiment, along the thickness direction of the glass antenna, the center of the projection of the radiating portion onto the surface of the characteristic conversion processing structure coincides with the center of the characteristic conversion processing structure.

[0030] In one embodiment, along the thickness direction of the glass antenna, the area of ​​the radiating portion projected onto the surface of the characteristic conversion processing structure is smaller than the area of ​​the characteristic conversion processing structure.

[0031] In one embodiment, the feature transformation processing structure includes multiple similar element structural units, which are arranged in a two-dimensional array. A first missing part is provided between any two adjacent similar element structural units, and a second missing part is provided inside each similar element structural unit.

[0032] Furthermore, the size of the first missing portion is larger than the size of the similar element structural unit, so as to isolate the electrical connection between adjacent similar element structural units and make the adjacent similar element structural units form an inductive capacitor.

[0033] In one embodiment, the similar element structural unit has a first end and a second end arranged symmetrically, and a third end and a fourth end arranged symmetrically, wherein the line connecting the first end and the second end forms an angle with the line connecting the third end and the fourth end;

[0034] Furthermore, the first and second ends have different structures from the third and fourth ends.

[0035] In one embodiment, the second missing portion includes a first notch and a second notch, the first notch extending for a predetermined length along the line connecting the first end and the second end, and the second notch extending for a predetermined length along the line connecting the third end and the fourth end.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the glass antenna provided in this application are as follows:

[0037] Firstly, the glass antenna provided in this application features an integrated design and fabrication of a radiation-transmission composite structure. Due to the flexibility of its circuit layer structure, it can be bent and pressed into the glass interlayer. Specifically, the sections containing the radiating and feeding parts can be pressed between the outer and inner glass layers of the glass antenna, enabling outward radiation of radiated energy. The transmission and connection parts are externally located on the side of the inner glass layer away from the outer glass layer, achieving electrical connection with the vehicle-mounted OBU main control structure. Using the glass antenna provided in this application eliminates the need for additional openings or slots in the glass, reducing the requirements for processing technology, solving the problem of external antenna feeding, and simultaneously improving the overall integration.

[0038] Secondly, the glass antenna provided in this application, by setting a radiating transmission composite structure and a characteristic conversion processing structure, can adjust the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna and expand the operating bandwidth of the circular polarization characteristics. This characteristic conversion processing structure has no special requirements on the polarization mode of the radiating section at the rear end of the radiating transmission composite structure; it can be linearly polarized or circularly polarized. This not only reduces the design difficulty of the radiating section but also broadens the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna.

[0039] Another object of this application is to provide a vehicle, the vehicle including an on-board unit (OBU) main control structure, the vehicle further including:

[0040] The radiative transfer composite structure described above;

[0041] Alternatively, a glass antenna as described above;

[0042] The on-board unit (OBU) main control structure is electrically connected to the connection part of the radiative transmission composite structure.

[0043] The advantages of the vehicle provided in this application compared to the prior art are the same as the advantages of the glass antenna provided in this application compared to the prior art, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0045] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of the glass antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the radiative transfer composite structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention in a flat state;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the radiation transmission composite structure provided in the embodiment of the present invention in a bent state;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the radiating section provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 This is a top view of the conversion unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the conversion section provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the connecting portion provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 8 This is a top view of the feature conversion processing structure provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the feature conversion processing structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:

[0055] 100. Glass antenna; 200. Characteristic conversion processing structure; 300. Radiating transmission composite structure; 101. Outer glass layer; 102. Inner glass layer; 103. Adhesive layer; 1011. First surface; 1012. Second surface; 1021. Third surface; 1022. Fourth surface; 201. Similar element structural unit; 202. First missing part; 203. Second missing part; 201a. First end; 201b. Second end; 201c. Third end; 201d. Fourth end; 203a. First notch; 203b. Second notch; 301. Radiating part; 302. Feeding element 303. Transformation section; 304. Transmission section; 305. Connection section; 306. Circuit layer structure; 306a. First circuit layer; 306b. Second circuit layer; 306c. Metal layer; 3031. First metal shielding layer; 3032. Second metal shielding layer; 3033. Impedance transformation stub; 3034. Metal isolation pillar; 3051. RF connector; 3052. Metal pillar; 3053. Soldering pad; 3054. Clearance area; 3055. Tuning stub; 3061. First layer; 3062. Second layer; 3063. Third layer; 3064. Fourth layer. Detailed Implementation

[0056] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0057] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0058] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0059] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0060] The radiation transmission composite structure 300, glass antenna 100 and vehicle provided in the embodiments of this application will now be described.

[0061] Please see Figures 1 to 8 The radiation transmission composite structure 300 provided in this application embodiment is an integrated structure and is flexible. The radiation transmission composite structure 300 includes a circuit layer structure 306 and a radiation part 301, a power supply part 302, a conversion part 303, a transmission part 304 and a connection part 305 that are electrically integrated sequentially on the circuit layer structure 306.

[0062] The connecting part 305 is used to electrically connect the transmission part 304 and the vehicle-mounted OBU main control structure, and also to realize the radio frequency energy transmission between the transmission part 304 and the vehicle-mounted OBU main control structure and the impedance matching between them; the transmission part 304 is used to realize the closed transmission of radio frequency energy between the connecting part 305 and the conversion part 303; the conversion part 303 is used to realize the conversion of the radio frequency transmission line type between the transmission part 304 and the power supply part 302; the power supply part 302 is used to feed radiated energy into the radiating part 301; the radiating part 301 is used to receive the radio frequency energy fed into the power supply part 302 and radiate radio frequency energy to a preset target.

[0063] Furthermore, the radiating part 301 and the feeding part 302 are disposed between the outer glass 101 and the inner glass 102 of the glass antenna 100, and the transmitting part 304 and the connecting part 305 are disposed on the side of the inner glass 102 away from the outer glass 101.

[0064] Compared with existing technologies, the radiating and transmitting composite structure 300 provided in this application adopts an integrated design and is manufactured in a single piece. Because the circuit layer structure 306 is flexible, it can be bent and pressed into the glass interlayer. Specifically, the section containing the radiating part 301 and the feeding part 302 can be pressed between the outer glass 101 and the inner glass 102 of the glass antenna 100, realizing the outward radiation of radiated energy. The transmitting part 304 and the connecting part 305 are externally disposed on the side of the inner glass 102 away from the outer glass 101, realizing electrical connection with the vehicle-mounted OBU main control structure. Using the radiating and transmitting composite structure 300 provided in this application, there is no need to create additional openings or slots in the glass, reducing the requirements for processing technology, solving the problem of external antenna feeding, and improving the overall integration.

[0065] In one embodiment, the radiating part 301, the feeding part 302, the conversion part 303, the transmission part 304, and the connecting part 305 are arranged linearly along the extension direction of the circuit layer structure 306. This linear arrangement means that the entire radiating part 301, the feeding part 302, the conversion part 303, the transmission part 304, and the connecting part 305 are arranged linearly along the extension direction of the circuit layer structure 306, while there may be a height difference between the radiating part 301, the feeding part 302, the conversion part 303, the transmission part 304, and the connecting part 305 along the height direction of the circuit layer structure 306.

[0066] Of course, in other embodiments, the radiating part 301, the feeding part 302, the conversion part 303, the transmission part 304 and the connecting part 305 are arranged non-linearly along the extension direction of the circuit layer structure 306. It is only necessary to make the radiating part 301 and the feeding part 302 between the outer glass 101 and the inner glass 102 of the glass antenna 100, and the transmission part 304 and the connecting part 305 externally disposed on the side of the inner glass 102 away from the outer glass 101.

[0067] In one embodiment, the circuit layer structure 306 includes at least a first circuit layer 306a and a second circuit layer 306b parallel to and spaced apart from the first circuit layer 306a. The first circuit layer 306a has opposing first layers 3061 and second layers 3062, and the second circuit layer 306b has opposing third layers 3063 and fourth layers 3064. The second layers 3062 and third layers 3063 are opposite to and spaced apart. Both the first circuit layer 306a and the second circuit layer 306b are flexible, thus making the circuit layer structure 306 as a whole flexible. The surface layers adjacent to the opposing layers in the first circuit layer 306a and the second circuit layer 306b are metal layers. The structures of the radiating part 301, the feeding part 302, the conversion part 303, the transmission part 304, and the connecting part 305, which are disposed on each layer, are obtained by etching the metal layer 306a.

[0068] In this embodiment, the radiation transmission composite structure 300 adopts a multi-layer PCB structure. One end of the radiation transmission composite structure 300 is embedded in the glass antenna 100 to realize the radiation and reception of radio frequency energy, while the other end is located outside the glass antenna 100 to realize energy transmission with the external OBU main control mechanism.

[0069] The radiation-transmission composite structure 300 is a multi-functional integrated structure that integrates five structural parts, including a radiating part 301, a feeding part 302, a conversion part 303, a transmission part 304, and a connecting part 305. It can be formed in one piece using PCB processing technology and is very thin, with a thickness of less than or equal to 0.2 mm. It can be simply integrated into the glass antenna 100 without introducing additional complex processing technology, which is beneficial to the integrated design of the entire antenna system.

[0070] The radiating part 301 includes a radiating structure and a metal structure. The radiating structure array is arranged on the first layer 3061, and the metal structure is disposed on the fourth layer 3064. The power feeding part 302 is disposed on the second layer 3062 and / or the third layer 3063, and the power feeding end of the power feeding part 302 and the geometric center of the radiating structure are directly opposite each other along the thickness direction of the circuit layer structure 306. The power feeding part 302 is used to feed radiating energy into the radiating structure through proximity coupling.

[0071] Among them, the preferred radiating part 301 has a radiating structure as a radiating patch, which can be attached to the first layer 3061 in a patch manner, and the metal structure is a metal floor, which is covered on the fourth layer 3064.

[0072] The feed section 302 is disposed on the second layer 3062 and / or the third layer 3063, preferably on the third layer 3063, and is located directly below the centerline of the radiating section 301. The feed section 302 feeds the radiating section 301 through proximity coupling. This feeding method is advantageous for improving the antenna's operating bandwidth compared to direct microstrip line feeding, and can reduce antenna backscattering compared to slot coupling.

[0073] In one embodiment, the conversion section 303 includes a closed metal shielding structure and an impedance transformation stub 3033 disposed inside the metal shielding structure. The impedance transformation stub 3033 is disposed on the second layer 3062 and / or the third layer 3063, and is used to realize the conversion of the radio frequency transmission line type between the transmission section 304 and the feed section 302. The metal shielding structure includes a first metal shielding layer 3031 covered on the first layer 3061 and a second metal shielding layer 3032 covered on the fourth layer 3064, and a metal isolation pillar 3034 electrically connecting the first metal shielding layer 3031 and the second metal shielding layer 3032 along the thickness direction of the circuit layer structure 306. The first metal shielding layer 3031, the second metal shielding layer 3032 and the metal isolation pillar 3034 together constitute a dielectric-filled waveguide structure.

[0074] Specifically, the upper end of the metal isolation post 3034 is connected to the first metal shielding layer 3031, and the lower end of the metal isolation post 3034 is connected to the second metal shielding layer 3032. The number of metal isolation posts 3034 is at least two, and preferably more than two metal isolation posts 3034 are used.

[0075] In this embodiment, the conversion unit 303 is used to realize the RF transmission line type conversion between the feed unit 302 and the transmission unit 304, ensuring good impedance matching, reducing insertion loss, and thus ensuring effective energy transmission. The first metal shielding layer 3031, the second metal shielding layer 3032, and the metal isolation pillar 3034 together constitute a dielectric-filled waveguide structure to achieve signal shielding and prevent the excitation of parallel plate modes within the glass, which would affect the normal operation of the antenna.

[0076] Wherein: the length of impedance transformation stub 3033 is set to 1 / 4 of the operating frequency dielectric wavelength, the impedance of the feed section 302 is z1, and the impedance of the transmission section 304 is z2, then:

[0077] Impedance value of impedance transformation stub 3033 Then z0 is calculated.

[0078] In this embodiment, the transmission unit 304 is a radio frequency transmission line structure, specifically a stripline structure, to achieve closed transmission of radio frequency energy and ensure that the energy transmission is not affected by external interference and the installation structure.

[0079] In one embodiment, the connection portion 305 includes an RF connector 3051, a solder pad 3053, and a tuning stub 3055; wherein, the outer conductor of the RF connector 3051 is soldered to a first layer 3061, the solder pad 3053 is soldered to a fourth layer 3064, the tuning stub 3055 is soldered to the solder pad 3053, and the inner conductor of the RF connector 3051 penetrates the circuit layer structure 306 along the thickness direction of the circuit layer structure 306 and is soldered to the solder pad 3053; and, a clearance area 3054 is provided on the first circuit layer 306a in the area directly opposite to the RF connector 3051, the clearance area 3054 being recessed inward from the first layer 3061 and penetrating the metal layer 306c of the first circuit layer 306a.

[0080] In one embodiment, the connection portion 305 further includes a plurality of metal pillars 3052, which extend along the thickness direction of the circuit layer structure 306. The upper end of the metal pillar 3052 is in contact with the metal layer 306c at the first layer 3061, and the lower end of the metal pillar 3052 is in contact with the metal layer 306c at the fourth layer 3064. The plurality of metal pillars 3052 are arranged sequentially and spaced apart along the same circumference with the inner conductor of the radio frequency connector 3051 as the center, so as to form a vertical interconnect structure and form a coaxial effect.

[0081] The connection section 305 is used to achieve structural conversion and impedance matching when the transmission section 304 is interconnected with the on-board unit (OBU) main control structure. The RF connector 3051 can be a conventional RF connector such as SMA, SMP, or IPEX. The solder pad 3053 is connected to a tuning stub 3055 for impedance matching adjustment. Several metal pillars 3052 are arranged sequentially around the inner conductor of the RF connector 3051 along the same circumference to form a vertical interconnect structure, creating a coaxial effect and achieving effective impedance matching. Simultaneously, a clearance area 3054 is provided on the first circuit layer 306a to ensure energy transmission and exchange between the RF connector 3051 and the transmission section 304.

[0082] In this embodiment, in order to ensure that the entire radiation transmission composite structure 300 can be bent to the maximum extent, the radiation transmission composite structure 300 is made of flexible material, such as polyimide film or polyester film, and adopts multi-layer PCB processing technology to realize the formation of multi-layer flexible PCB structure with an overall thickness of no more than 0.2mm.

[0083] Another objective of this application is to provide a glass antenna 100 for use in vehicle glass. The glass antenna 100 includes an outer glass layer 101 and an inner glass layer 102 that are stacked and bonded together by an adhesive layer 103.

[0084] The glass antenna 100 also includes the above-described radiation transmission composite structure 300, which is bent with the section containing the conversion part 303 as the deflection point. The section containing the radiating part 301 and the feeding part 302 is located between the outer glass layer 101 and the inner glass layer 102, and the section containing the transmission part 304 and the connecting part 305 is located on the side of the inner glass layer 102 away from the outer glass layer 101. Additionally, a characteristic conversion processing structure 200 is located between the outer glass layer 101 and the inner glass layer 102. The characteristic conversion processing structure 200 and the section containing the radiating part 301 and the feeding part 302 are positioned opposite each other and spaced apart along the thickness direction of the glass antenna 100. The radiating part 301 radiates radio frequency energy to the characteristic conversion processing structure 200, and the characteristic conversion processing structure 200 performs characteristic conversion on the radio frequency energy radiated by the radiating part 301.

[0085] Firstly, the glass antenna 100 provided in this application features an integrated design and fabrication of a radiation-transmission composite structure 300. Due to the flexibility of its circuit layer structure 306, it can be bent and pressed into the glass interlayer. Specifically, the sections containing the radiating part 301 and the feeding part 302 can be pressed between the outer glass layer 101 and the inner glass layer 102 of the glass antenna 100, enabling outward radiation of radiated energy. The transmission part 304 and the connecting part 305 are externally located on the side of the inner glass layer 102 away from the outer glass layer 101, achieving electrical connection with the vehicle-mounted OBU main control structure. Using the glass antenna 100 provided in this application eliminates the need for additional openings or slots in the glass, reducing the requirements for processing technology, solving the problem of external antenna feeding, and improving overall integration.

[0086] Secondly, the glass antenna 100 provided in this application, by setting a radiation transmission composite structure 300 and a characteristic conversion processing structure 200, can adjust the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna and expand the operating bandwidth of the circular polarization characteristics. The characteristic conversion processing structure 200 has no special requirements on the polarization mode of the radiating section 301 at the rear end of the radiation transmission composite structure 300; it can be linearly polarized or circularly polarized. This not only reduces the design difficulty of the radiating section 301 but also broadens the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna.

[0087] Since the array antenna used in the roadside communication terminal of the ETC system is right-hand circularly polarized, in order to reduce the polarization loss caused by the difference in polarization mode, the antenna polarization mode used in the on-board unit (OBU) main control structure should also be consistent with that of the roadside terminal. Therefore, the radiating part 301 is set to right-hand circular polarization mode.

[0088] The on-board unit (OBU) main control structure can achieve right-hand circular polarization radiation using a single-fed, chamfered microstrip antenna or a dual-fed microstrip antenna with a power divider network. Since the operating bandwidth of a microstrip antenna is highly dependent on the thickness of the selected dielectric substrate, a very thin substrate typically results in a narrow circular polarization bandwidth. Any errors in processing or assembly can lead to fluctuations in antenna performance, causing it to deviate from expected values. When a traditional microstrip antenna is embedded within a glass antenna 100, current manufacturing processes limit the thickness of the embedded microstrip antenna PCB structure, resulting in a narrow circular polarization bandwidth.

[0089] In this embodiment, to address the issue of narrow circular polarization bandwidth, the function of achieving wideband circular polarization in the radiating section 301 is transferred to a characteristic conversion processing structure 200 located directly above the radiating section 301, which differs from conventional OBU antenna schemes. In this embodiment, the radiating section 301 can be configured with conventional right-hand circular polarization, including single-fed and multi-fed configurations, or it can be configured with linear polarization. The characteristic conversion processing structure 200 achieves wideband circular polarization characteristics, reducing the thickness requirements of the selected substrate for the radiating section 301, thereby reducing the processing difficulty of integrating the radiation and transmission composite structure within the glass antenna 100.

[0090] In one embodiment, the outer glass layer 101 has opposing first surfaces 1011 and second surfaces 1012, and the inner glass layer 102 has opposing third surfaces 1021 and fourth surfaces 1022. The second surfaces 1012 and third surfaces 1021 are opposite to each other and bonded together by an adhesive layer 103. The section containing the radiating portion 301 and the feeding portion 302 is sandwiched between the adhesive layer 103 and the third surface 1021, the section containing the transmitting portion 304 and the connecting portion 305 is attached to the fourth surface 1022, and the characteristic conversion processing structure 200 is sandwiched between the second surface 1012 and the adhesive layer 103. In a preferred embodiment, the radiation transmission composite structure 300 is U-shaped.

[0091] In this configuration, along the thickness direction of the glass antenna 100, the center of the projection of the radiating portion 301 onto the surface of the characteristic conversion processing structure 200 coincides with the center of the characteristic conversion processing structure 200. Furthermore, along the thickness direction of the glass antenna 100, the area of ​​the projection of the radiating portion 301 onto the surface of the characteristic conversion processing structure 200 is smaller than the area of ​​the characteristic conversion processing structure 200.

[0092] In one embodiment, the feature conversion processing structure 200 includes a plurality of similar element structural units 201 arranged in a two-dimensional array. A first missing portion 202 is provided between any two adjacent similar element structural units 201, and a second missing portion 203 is provided inside each similar element structural unit 201. Furthermore, the size of the first missing portion 202 is larger than the size of the similar element structural unit 201, so as to isolate the electrical connection between adjacent similar element structural units 201 and make adjacent similar element structural units 201 form an inductive capacitor.

[0093] Specifically, the similar element structural unit 201 has a first end 201a and a second end 201b symmetrically arranged, as well as a third end 201c and a fourth end 201d symmetrically arranged. The line connecting the first end 201a and the second end 201b forms an angle with the line connecting the third end 201c and the fourth end 201d. Furthermore, the first end 201a and the second end 201b have different structures from the third end 201c and the fourth end 201d.

[0094] Furthermore, the second missing portion 203 includes a first notch 203a and a second notch 203b. The first notch 203a extends for a predetermined length along the line connecting the first end 201a and the second end 201b, and the second notch 203b extends for a predetermined length along the line connecting the third end 201c and the fourth end 201d.

[0095] Preferably, the line connecting the first end 201a and the second end 201b forms a 90-degree angle with the line connecting the third end 201c and the fourth end 201d, and the angle between the first gap 203a and the second gap 203b forms a 90-degree angle. Preferably, the similar element structural unit 201 is a structural unit of the same size, the similar element structure is a square structural unit, and the row and column size of the characteristic conversion processing structure 200 is greater than or equal to 3×3.

[0096] The characteristic conversion processing structure 200 is used to improve the circular polarization performance of the antenna. In this embodiment, it is preferred that 5×5 similar element structural units 201 are arranged in a rectangular distribution in a two-dimensional manner, and the arrangement interval is larger than the size of the similar element structural units 201, so that there is no electrical connection between each similar element structural unit 201, thereby adjusting the sensing capacitance.

[0097] The characteristic conversion processing structure 200 can convert the characteristics of incident electromagnetic waves and can be applied to the second surface 1012 of the upper glass layer using silver paste printing. The characteristic conversion processing structure 200 is positioned parallel to and directly above the radiating part 301, with their projection centers coinciding. When the electromagnetic wave energy from the radiating part 301 irradiates the characteristic conversion processing structure 200, an induced capacitance is formed between adjacent similar element structural units 201, and the similar element structural unit 201 itself forms an inductance, thereby generating a new resonant point and increasing the antenna's operating bandwidth. Furthermore, the multiple first missing portions 202 and second missing portions 203 of the similar element structural unit 201 form an asymmetrical structure, which can be used to adjust the antenna's polarization, ultimately resulting in broadband right-hand circularly polarized radiation.

[0098] Another objective of this application embodiment is to provide a vehicle that includes an on-board unit (OBU) main control structure and the radiation transmission composite structure 300 as described above; or, the vehicle includes an on-board unit (OBU) main control structure and the glass antenna 100 as described above. The on-board unit (OBU) main control structure and the radiation transmission composite structure 300 are electrically connected via a connection portion 305.

[0099] The advantages of the vehicle provided in this application compared to the prior art are the same as the advantages of the glass antenna 100 provided in this application compared to the prior art, and will not be repeated here.

[0100] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A radiation transmission composite structure (300), characterized in that: The radiation transmission composite structure (300) is an integrated structure and is flexible; The radiation transmission composite structure (300) includes a circuit layer structure (306) and a radiating part (301), a feeding part (302), a conversion part (303), a transmission part (304), and a connecting part (305) sequentially electrically integrated on the circuit layer structure (306). The circuit layer structure (306) is pressed into the glass interlayer by bending; wherein, The connecting part (305) is used to electrically connect the transmission part (304) and the vehicle-mounted OBU main control structure, and is also used to realize the radio frequency energy transmission between the transmission part (304) and the vehicle-mounted OBU main control structure and the impedance matching between them; the transmission part (304) is used to realize the closed transmission of radio frequency energy between the connecting part (305) and the conversion part (303); the conversion part (303) is used to realize the conversion of the radio frequency transmission line type between the transmission part (304) and the power supply part (302); the power supply part (302) is used to feed radiated energy into the radiating part (301); the radiating part (301) is used to receive the radio frequency energy fed into the power supply part (302) and radiate radio frequency energy to a preset target; Furthermore, the radiating part (301) and the feeding part (302) are disposed between the outer glass (101) and the inner glass (102) of the glass antenna (100), and the transmitting part (304) and the connecting part (305) are disposed externally on the side of the inner glass (102) away from the outer glass (101); The circuit layer structure (306) includes at least a first circuit layer (306a) and a second circuit layer (306b) parallel to and spaced apart from the first circuit layer (306a). The first circuit layer (306a) has opposing first layers (3061) and second layers (3062). The second circuit layer (306b) has opposing third layers (3063) and fourth layers (3064). The second layer (3062) and the third layer (3063) are opposite to each other and spaced apart. Both the first circuit layer (306a) and the second circuit layer (306b) are flexible. The radiating part (301) includes a radiating structure and a metal structure. The radiating structure array is arranged on the first layer (3061), and the metal structure is disposed on the fourth layer (3064). The power feeding part (302) is disposed on the second layer (3062) and / or the third layer (3063), and the power feeding end of the power feeding part (302) and the geometric center of the radiating structure are arranged facing each other along the thickness direction of the circuit layer structure (306). The power feeding part (302) is used to feed radiated energy into the radiating structure through proximity coupling.

2. The radiation transmission composite structure (300) as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The radiating part (301), the feeding part (302), the conversion part (303), the transmission part (304), and the connecting part (305) are arranged linearly along the extension direction of the circuit layer structure (306).

3. The radiation transmission composite structure (300) as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The conversion section (303) includes a closed metal shielding structure and an impedance transformation stub (3033) disposed inside the metal shielding structure. The impedance transformation stub (3033) is disposed on the second layer (3062) and / or the third layer (3063) and is used to realize the conversion of the radio frequency transmission line type between the transmission section (304) and the power supply section (302).

4. The radiation transmission composite structure (300) as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The metal shielding structure includes a first metal shielding layer (3031) covering the first layer (3061) and a second metal shielding layer (3032) covering the fourth layer (3064), and a metal isolation pillar (3034) electrically connecting the first metal shielding layer (3031) and the second metal shielding layer (3032) along the thickness direction of the circuit layer structure (306); The first metal shielding layer (3031), the second metal shielding layer (3032), and the metal isolation pillar (3034) together constitute a dielectric-filled waveguide structure.

5. The radiation transmission composite structure (300) as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The connection portion (305) includes an RF connector (3051), a solder pad (3053), and a tuning stub (3055); wherein, The outer conductor of the RF connector (3051) is soldered to the first layer (3061), the solder pad (3053) is soldered to the fourth layer (3064), the tuning stub (3055) is soldered to the solder pad (3053), and the inner conductor of the RF connector (3051) penetrates the circuit layer structure (306) along the thickness direction and is soldered to the solder pad (3053). Furthermore, a clearance area (3054) is provided on the first circuit layer (306a) in the area directly opposite the radio frequency connector (3051). The clearance area (3054) is recessed inward from the first layer (3061) and penetrates the metal layer (306c) of the first circuit layer (306a).

6. The radiation transmission composite structure (300) as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The connection part (305) also includes a plurality of metal pillars (3052), which extend along the thickness direction of the circuit layer structure (306). The plurality of metal pillars (3052) are arranged sequentially at intervals along the same circumference with the inner conductor of the radio frequency connector (3051) as the center, so as to form a vertical interconnect structure and form a coaxial effect.

7. A glass antenna (100) comprising an outer glass (101) and an inner glass (102) arranged in a stack and bonded by an adhesive layer (103), characterized in that The glass antenna (100) also includes: The radiation transmission composite structure (300) as described in any one of claims 1-6 is bent with the section containing the conversion part (303) as the deflection point; the section containing the radiation part (301) and the feeding part (302) is disposed between the outer glass layer (101) and the inner glass layer (102); and the section containing the transmission part (304) and the connecting part (305) is disposed on the side of the inner glass layer (102) away from the outer glass layer (101). A characteristic conversion processing structure (200) is disposed between the outer glass layer (101) and the inner glass layer (102). The characteristic conversion processing structure (200) and the section containing the radiating part (301) and the feeding part (302) are disposed opposite to each other and spaced apart along the thickness direction of the glass antenna (100). The radiating section (301) is used to radiate radio frequency energy to the characteristic conversion processing structure (200), and the characteristic conversion processing structure (200) is used to perform characteristic conversion on the radio frequency energy radiated by the radiating section (301).

8. The glass antenna (100) as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The outer glass layer (101) has opposing first surfaces (1011) and second surfaces (1012), and the inner glass layer (102) has opposing third surfaces (1021) and fourth surfaces (1022). The second surfaces (1012) and the third surfaces (1021) are opposite to each other and are bonded together by the adhesive layer (103); wherein, The section containing the radiating part (301) and the feeding part (302) is sandwiched between the adhesive layer (103) and the third surface (1021), the section containing the transmitting part (304) and the connecting part (305) is attached to the fourth surface (1022), and the characteristic conversion processing structure (200) is sandwiched between the second surface (1012) and the adhesive layer (103).

9. The glass antenna (100) as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: Along the thickness direction of the glass antenna (100), the center of the projection of the radiating part (301) onto the surface of the characteristic conversion processing structure (200) coincides with the center of the characteristic conversion processing structure (200).

10. The glass antenna (100) as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: Along the thickness direction of the glass antenna (100), the area of ​​the radiating part (301) projected onto the surface of the characteristic conversion processing structure (200) is smaller than the area of ​​the characteristic conversion processing structure (200).

11. The glass antenna (100) as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The feature transformation processing structure (200) includes multiple similar element structural units (201), which are arranged in a two-dimensional array. A first missing part (202) is provided between any two adjacent similar element structural units (201), and a second missing part (203) is provided inside each similar element structural unit (201). Furthermore, the size of the first missing portion (202) is larger than the size of the similar element structural unit (201) so as to isolate the electrical connection between adjacent similar element structural units (201) and make adjacent similar element structural units (201) form an inductive capacitor.

12. A vehicle comprising an on-board end OBU master structure, characterized in that, Also includes: The radiation transmission composite structure (300) as described in any one of claims 1-6; Alternatively, the glass antenna (100) as described in any one of claims 7-11; The on-board unit OBU main control structure is electrically connected to the connection part (305) of the radiation transmission composite structure (300).

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