An observation system for simulating the relationship between surface movement and vegetation influence and its usage method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an observation system and a usage method for simulating the relationship between surface movement and vegetation influence. The observation system includes: a bearing device for bearing the target surface where the measured plants and plant roots are located; fixed piles provided on the periphery of the target surface; a simulation device provided on the fixed piles, the simulation device being connected to the bearing device and capable of moving it up and down to simulate the continuous movement and deformation of the target surface; and an observation device for observing the morphological changes of the plant roots after the movement and deformation of the target surface and obtaining relevant parameters. The present invention can simulate and observe on-site the influence of continuous surface movement and deformation on plant roots, so as to analyze the influence characteristics and laws of underground mining on surface plant roots, and further summarize whether the vegetation can self-repair after being damaged by mining. When simulating, the present invention ensures that the plants are not affected by other factors and performs in-situ, non-destructive, and quantitative measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ecological monitoring in mining areas, and particularly to an observation system and a usage method for simulating the relationship between surface movement and vegetation impact. Background Art

[0002] Compared with the eastern part of China, the ecological environment in the northwest region is relatively fragile. It is mainly arid and semi-arid areas with serious land desertification. Therefore, the impact of coal mining on the ecological environment is more serious. On the one hand, the surface movement and deformation caused by mining will exacerbate soil erosion, reduce soil moisture content, nutrients and mineral elements required for plant growth, etc.; on the other hand, mining will also change the state of plant roots, and in severe cases, even break some roots, thus affecting the growth and development of plants.

[0003] At present, the impact of mining on vegetation in mining areas is mostly studied by indoor pot experiments and field investigations. However, there are large differences between indoor research and environmental conditions such as climate, and there is little involvement in field experiments and self-repair research after mining impact.

[0004] Field experiments mainly use root tube observations. The observation area is limited and it is difficult to accurately judge the self-repair ability of damaged plants. Field studies on the impact of mining subsidence on surface vegetation often use large-scale overall impact analysis, and mostly use methods such as satellite remote sensing and unmanned aerial vehicles to determine the vegetation changes in the entire mining area.

[0005] In the prior art, there is no relevant research on the specific impact of surface deformation on individual plants, nor is there a relatively mature device to simulate the impact of surface movement and deformation on individual plants. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an observation system for simulating the relationship between surface movement and vegetation impact, which can actually simulate the continuous surface movement and deformation caused by underground mining, and quantitatively measure the changes of plant roots after surface deformation in-situ, non-destructively and quantitatively under the condition that the native plants are not affected by other factors, so as to explore the impact of surface movement and deformation on plant roots and plant growth and development.

[0007] The present invention also provides a usage method for the above-mentioned observation system for simulating the relationship between surface movement and vegetation impact. Through this method, the impact characteristics and laws of underground mining on surface vegetation can be analyzed, and then the self-repair ability of vegetation after mining damage can be analyzed.

[0008] An observation system for simulating the relationship between surface movement and vegetation impact provided by the present invention includes:

[0009] A bearing device, which is used to bear the target surface where the plant to be measured and the plant roots are located,

[0010] Fixed piles, which are arranged outside the target surface,

[0011] A simulation device, which is arranged on the fixed pile, is connected to the bearing device and can move it up and down, and is used to simulate the continuous movement and deformation of the target ground surface; and

[0012] An observation device, which is used to observe the morphological changes of the plant roots after the movement and deformation of the target ground surface and obtain relevant parameters.

[0013] Furthermore, the simulation device includes an automatic tensioning device connected to the bearing device and a lifting device connected to the automatic tensioning device. The lifting device cooperates with the automatic tensioning device to control the displacement of the target ground surface.

[0014] Furthermore, the lifting device includes a fixed end arranged inside the fixed pile and a sliding end that can move up and down along the fixed end.

[0015] Furthermore, the automatic tensioning device includes a pulley arranged inside the fixed pile and a nylon rope wound around the pulley. A tension sensor for sensing the tension of the nylon rope is installed on the pulley, and the end of the nylon rope passes through an opening on the sliding end for the nylon rope to pass through.

[0016] Furthermore, the bearing device includes multiple layers of sieves arranged in a stacked manner, and the mesh number of each layer of sieve is greater than 100 mesh.

[0017] Furthermore, the sieve includes a wire mesh and a deformable plastic sieve located at the edge of the wire mesh.

[0018] Furthermore, the cross-section of the target ground surface is square, observation pits are arranged on two opposite sides of the plot where the target ground surface is located, and glass plates are arranged on the exposed surfaces of the plot in the observation pits.

[0019] Furthermore, the observation device includes an imaging system arranged in the observation pit and a micro-rhizotron system installed on the glass plate and extending towards the roots.

[0020] Furthermore, a control device is also included, and the control device is electrically connected to the simulation device and the observation device.

[0021] A method for using an observation system according to the above relationship between simulated ground surface movement and vegetation impact, including the following steps:

[0022] 1) Select a plant to be measured and install the observation system around it;

[0023] 2) Control the operation of the simulation device to simulate the continuous movement and deformation of the ground surface;

[0024] 3) Observe the morphological changes of the plant roots and obtain relevant parameters.

[0025] The observation system for simulating the relationship between surface movement and vegetation impact provided by the present invention can actually simulate and observe the specific impact of continuous surface movement and deformation on the roots of individual plants, so as to analyze the impact characteristics and laws of underground mining on the roots of individual surface plants, and then summarize whether the vegetation can self-repair after being damaged by mining.

[0026] The present invention is relatively flexible in simulating surface mining changes, can simulate different degrees of surface movement and deformation according to actual needs, ensures that plants are not affected by other factors during simulation, and performs in-situ, non-destructive, and quantitative measurements. Description of the Drawings

[0027] The present invention will be described in more detail below based on embodiments and with reference to the drawings. Among them:

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the observation system for simulating the relationship between surface movement and vegetation impact in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the fixed pile;

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the lifting device and the automatic tensioning device;

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the sieve mesh.

[0032] In the figure: 1 - fixed pile, 2 - lifting card slot, 3 - fine mesh sieve, 4 - automatic tensioning device, 5 - glass plate, 6 - control device, 7 - micro root canal system, 8 - X-ray tomography system, 9 - electric pulley, 10 - hook, 11 - sliding end, 12 - fixed end, 13 - high-strength plastic sieve mesh, 14 - fine wire mesh, 15 - observation pit, 16 - nylon rope.

[0033] In the drawings, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Detailed Embodiments

[0034] To clearly illustrate the inventive concept of the present invention, the present invention will be described below with reference to embodiments.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0036] As Figures 1 - 3 shown, an observation system for simulating the relationship between surface movement and vegetation impact provided by the present invention is arranged in an observation pit 15 and includes: a loading device for loading the target surface where the plant to be measured and the plant roots are located. Fixed piles 1 are arranged on the periphery of the target surface. A simulation device connected to the loading device and capable of moving it up and down is arranged on the fixed piles 1 for simulating the movement and deformation of the target surface; and an observation device for observing the morphological changes of the plant roots after the movement and deformation of the target surface and obtaining relevant parameters.

[0037] The present invention loads the plant and the target surface where the plant roots are located through the loading device, and then controls the up and down displacement of the target surface where the plant is located through the simulation device connected to the loading device to actually simulate the surface movement and deformation caused by mining. Finally, the changes of the plant roots after the surface movement and deformation are investigated through the observation device.

[0038] Through actual simulation, under the condition of ensuring that the native plants are not affected by other factors, the in-situ, non-destructive, and quantitative observation and measurement of the plant roots are realized. The changes of the plant roots after the surface deformation can be truly restored, and the influence of the surface movement and deformation on the plant roots and the growth and development of the plants can be explored more reliably.

[0039] The simulation device in the present invention includes an automatic tensioning device 4 connected to the loading device and a lifting device connected to the automatic tensioning device 4. The lifting device cooperates with the automatic tensioning device 4 to control the loading device to drive the target surface where the plant is located to generate displacement.

[0040] In this embodiment, the fixed pile 1 is a steel column with a hollow structure. The structures of the automatic tensioning device 4 and the lifting device and the cooperation relationship between the two and the loading device mainly include the following:

[0041] The automatic tensioning device 4 specifically includes an electric pulley 9 fixedly installed inside the fixed pile 1. A nylon rope 16 is wound around the electric pulley 9. The end of the nylon rope 16 can pass through the fixed pile 1 and can be connected to the loading device. Corresponding hooks 10 are arranged at the end of the nylon rope 16 and on the loading device, and the hooks 10 can be connected in cooperation with each other.

[0042] A strip-shaped opening is provided on one side of the lower part of the fixed pile 1 near the surface of the plant roots. A lifting slot 2 is provided near the strip-shaped opening. The lifting device specifically includes two parts. One part is the fixed end 12 arranged on the lifting slot 2, which is fixed on the fixed pile 1; the other part is the sliding end 11 that can move up and down along the fixed end 12. An opening is provided on the sliding end 11 for the end of the nylon rope 16 and the hook 10 connected to the end to extend out of the fixed pile 1. The end of the nylon rope 16 specifically passes through the fixed pile 1 from this opening. The size of this opening allows the end of the nylon rope 16 and the hook 10 on the loading device to enter and exit. The fixed end 12 can be a slide rail arranged on the lifting slot 2, and the sliding end 11 can be correspondingly selected in the form of an electrically controlled slide rail vehicle, etc., as long as it meets the technical requirement that the sliding end 11 can slide up and down along the fixed end 12.

[0043] When simulating the movement and deformation of the target ground surface, the hook 10 at the end of the nylon rope 16 is connected to the hook 10 of the loading device. By sliding the sliding end 11 up and down along the fixed end 12, the tightness state of the nylon rope 16 passing through the sliding end 11 is indirectly adjusted, so that the loading device drives the target ground surface where the plant and the plant roots are located to generate vertical displacement, thereby simulating the continuous movement and deformation of the target ground surface.

[0044] After the nylon rope 16 and the loading device in this embodiment are connected by the hooks 10 respectively arranged on both of them, the nylon rope 16 is in a taut state, fixing the position of the target ground surface.

[0045] When it is necessary to simulate the downward collapse of the target formation, when the sliding end 11 slides upward along the fixed end 12, during this process, the nylon rope 16 appears in an instantaneous relaxation state, and the extending length of the nylon rope 16 relative to the sliding end 11 increases, so that the loading device drives the target ground surface to move downward; when it is necessary to restore the position of the target ground surface before the movement and deformation, the sliding end 11 slides downward along the fixed end 12, and the nylon rope 16 tightens, so that the loading device drives the target ground surface to lift upward.

[0046] By adopting an automatic tightening device and a lifting device to indirectly control the vertical movement of the target ground surface, compared with directly controlling the ground surface displacement, it can restore the movement and deformation of the ground surface during mining to the greatest extent, and thus more truly reflect the changes that occur to the plant roots in the ground surface when the ground surface moves and deforms.

[0047] In this embodiment, the nylon rope 16 can be tightened or relaxed by rotating the electric pulley 9. A tension sensor for sensing the tension degree of the nylon rope 16 is installed on the electric pulley 9, which can control the electric pulley 9 to stop rotating when the nylon rope 16 is tightened to a certain extent, preventing the nylon rope 16 from getting stuck on the sliding end 11.

[0048] In the present invention, the cross-section of the target ground surface where the plant roots are located is square. The bearing device for supporting the target ground surface specifically includes multiple layers of sieves arranged in a stacked manner. The sieves are square sieves, following the shape of the cross-section of the formation. Considering that the target ground surface to be borne is the surface soil, the sieve is preferably a fine-mesh sieve 3, and the mesh number of each layer of sieve is greater than 100 meshes. The hook 10 corresponding to the end of the nylon rope 16 is specifically arranged on the outer periphery of the sieve, and the two types of hooks 10 are preferably snap hooks that can be quickly fitted and connected, enabling the quick pairing and connection between the nylon rope 16 and the sieve. For the specific structure of the bearing device, refer to Figure 4 .

[0049] The fine-mesh sieve 3 specifically includes a fine-mesh iron wire mesh 14. At the edge of the square fine-mesh iron wire mesh 14 is a strip-shaped dense-hole high-strength plastic sieve 13. The high-strength plastic sieve 13 supports a certain degree of deformation, which can prevent the nylon rope 16 from loosening the sandy soil layer and leaking when adjusting the tightness or when the lifting device moves, thus affecting the experiment.

[0050] The observation pits 15 in the present invention are arranged on the opposite sides of the plot where the target ground surface is located. On the exposed surface of the plot located in the observation pits 15, glass plates 5 for visually observing the movement and deformation state of the target ground surface are attached. Through the glass plates 5, the deformation state of the target ground surface during up and down movement can be observed more intuitively, which is convenient for controlling the movement of the target ground surface where the plant roots are located in combination with the above simulation device.

[0051] After the target ground surface undergoes movement and deformation, the changes that occur to the plant roots are investigated through an observation device. The observation device specifically includes an imaging system arranged in the observation pits 15 and a micro-rhizotron system 7 installed between the glass plates 5.

[0052] Among them, the imaging system is specifically an X-ray computed tomography system 8, including an X-ray emission end and a projection end of the plant roots. The emission end and the projection end are respectively arranged in the observation pits 15 on the opposite sides of the target ground surface. This system uses X-ray computed tomography technology to observe the root morphology of the plant after the movement and deformation of the target ground surface.

[0053] The micro-rhizotron system 7 uses an in-situ root scanning device to non-destructively perform in-situ online scanning imaging of the plant roots, so as to obtain parameters related to the plant roots, such as information on the root length, area, and the number of root tips.

[0054] In this embodiment, the glass plates 5 are preferably high-strength tempered glass plates 5. Pre-made holes are provided on the glass plates 5 to facilitate the installation of the micro-rhizotron system 7. The micro-rhizotron system 7 extends towards the plant roots for installation, and can obtain the above-mentioned parameter information of the plant roots more comprehensively.

[0055] In the present invention, each device is controlled by a control device 6 installed on the ground. The control device 6 is specifically a console, which is electrically connected to the sliding end 11 in the lifting device, the electric pulley 9 in the automatic tensioning device 4, the micro-root canal system 7, and the X-ray tomography system 8, so as to realize the sliding of the sliding end 11 along the fixed end 12, the tension adjustment of the nylon rope 16 by the electric pulley 9, and the investigation of the changes in plant roots by the observation device after the target ground surface moves and deforms.

[0056] The present invention also provides a method for using the above-mentioned observation system for simulating the relationship between ground surface movement and vegetation impact. The following will be combined with Figures 1 - 4 to explain the method for using the observation system.

[0057] First step, select the plants in the experimental area that need to be experimented on. Anchor the fixed piles 1 near the plants according to the selected plants to be measured. The fixed piles 1 are preferably arranged around the plants in a square layout, and ensure that there are no roots of the plants to be measured outside the target ground surface area formed by the fixed piles 1;

[0058] Second step, select two opposite sides of the square, dig out the observation pits 15, attach and install the glass plates 5 on the exposed surfaces of the plots where the target ground surface is located in the observation pits 15 near the side of the plants to be measured, and install the micro-root canal system 7 on the prefabricated holes on the glass plates 5. The depth of the observation pits 15 is determined according to the length of the plant roots;

[0059] Third step, dig through the area below the square area of the target ground surface at the bottom of the observation pit 15, and dig down a certain distance further. At the same time, connect the hooks 10 of the fine mesh sieve 3 to the hooks 10 at the ends of the nylon ropes 16 extending from the opening of the sliding end 11 on each fixed pile 1, and then control the automatic tensioning device 4 to tighten the nylon ropes 16;

[0060] Fourth step, control the sliding end 11 of the lifting device to rise and fall along the fixed end 12 to simulate the continuous movement and deformation of the target ground surface. When rising and falling, if the nylon rope 16 is pulled too tightly, use the automatic tensioning device 4 to relax it appropriately;

[0061] Fifth step, obtain the influence of the movement and deformation of the target ground surface caused by the simulated mining on each parameter of the plant roots through the micro-root canal system 7, and observe the morphological changes of the plant roots after the movement and deformation of the target ground surface through the X-ray tomography system 8.

[0062] The following will specifically describe the observation system and the method for using it in the present invention for specific usage conditions.

[0063] Taking the Shendong mining area as an example, this area is mainly arid and semi-arid regions, and psammophytic vegetation dominates in plant types, including Artemisia desertorum, Salix psammophila, Caragana korshinskii, etc. Based on existing research, it shows that the vertical distribution of the roots of the above plants is above 1m underground, and the roots in the soil layer with a horizontal distribution of 1.8m×1.8m account for more than 90% of the total root amount. Therefore, the depth of the observation pit in this embodiment is 1.8m, and the experimental area enclosed by the fixed piles is a square area of 2m×2m.

[0064] Select two plants of Artemisia desertorum and two plants of Salix psammophila in the experimental site, and anchor eight fixed piles with a length of 2m at the four corners and the midpoints of the four sides of the 2m×2m square area near the plants. For the convenience of operation, when driving the fixed piles, the hook at the end of the nylon rope of the automatic tensioning device should be received inside the opening of the sliding end of the lifting device;

[0065] Select the opposite sides of the square area, dig observation pits with a depth of 1.8m on both sides, attach and install glass plates on the exposed surfaces of the plots near the plants on the sides of the observation pits, and install a micro-root canal system on the prefabricated holes on the glass plates;

[0066] Dig through the square area at the bottom of the observation pit, and the height of the connected area is 50cm. When digging the connected area, support the plot where the plant roots are located to prevent the upper layer from collapsing;

[0067] While removing the support, hook the hook of the fine-mesh screen on the hook at the end of the nylon rope extending from the opening of the lifting device of each fixed pile, and then control the automatic tensioning device to tighten the nylon rope. To avoid the leakage of loose-layer sand and soil when adjusting the tension or the sliding end of the lifting device moves and affects the experiment, the size of the fine wire mesh in the fine-mesh screen is 2m×2m, and the width of the strip-shaped high-strength plastic screen is 50cm. This setting method enables the fine-mesh screen to support the plot as a whole through the deformable high-strength plastic screen, preventing the leakage of sand and soil in the plot.

[0068] Control the sliding end on the lifting device to rise and fall, so as to simulate the continuous movement and deformation of the ground surface. When rising and falling, if the nylon rope is pulled too tight, use the automatic tensioning device to relax appropriately;

[0069] Observe the parameters and morphological changes of the plant roots after the target ground surface moves and deforms through the observation device.

[0070] It should be emphasized that the automatic tensioning device and the lifting device in the present invention can cooperate with each other, and can simulate the continuous movement and deformation of the ground surface in an indirect control form, and truly restore the movement and deformation of the ground surface during the mining process to the greatest extent.

[0071] It should be noted that in addition to using the form of high-strength nylon rope, other connection structures with good flexibility and high strength can also be used, which will not be elaborated here.

[0072] Finally, it can be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments adopted to illustrate the principles of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An observation system for simulating the relationship between surface movement and vegetation influence, characterized in that, it includes: a loading device for loading the target surface where the measured plants and plant roots are located, fixed piles arranged on the periphery of the target surface, a simulation device arranged on the fixed piles, the simulation device is connected to the loading device and can move it up and down, and is used to simulate the continuous movement and deformation of the target surface; and an observation device for observing the morphological changes of the plant roots after the movement and deformation of the target surface and obtaining relevant parameters; The simulation device includes an automatic tensioning device connected to the loading device and a lifting device connected to the automatic tensioning device. The lifting device cooperates with the automatic tensioning device to control the displacement of the target surface; The lifting device includes a fixed end arranged inside the fixed pile and a sliding end that can move up and down along the fixed end; a strip-shaped opening is arranged on one side of the lower part of the fixed pile close to the surface of the plant roots, and a lifting card slot is arranged on the strip-shaped opening, and the fixed end is fixedly arranged on the lifting card slot; The automatic tensioning device includes a pulley arranged inside the fixed pile and a nylon rope wound around the pulley. A tension sensor for sensing the tension of the nylon rope is installed on the pulley. The end of the nylon rope passes through an opening on the sliding end for the nylon rope to pass through, and corresponding hooks are arranged at the end of the nylon rope and on the loading device, and the hooks can be connected in cooperation with each other; When it is necessary to simulate the downward collapse of the target formation, when the sliding end slides upward along the fixed end, during this process, the nylon rope appears in an instantaneous relaxed state, and the extension length of the nylon rope relative to the sliding end increases, so that the loading device drives the target surface to move downward; When it is necessary to restore the target surface to the position before deformation, the sliding end slides downward along the fixed end, and the nylon rope is tightened, so that the loading device drives the target surface to lift upward; The cross-section of the target surface is square, and observation pits are arranged on two opposite sides of the plot where the target surface is located. Glass plates are arranged on the exposed surfaces of the plot in the observation pits; the observation device includes an imaging system arranged in the observation pits and a micro-rhizotron system installed on the glass plates and extending towards the roots.

2. The observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the loading device includes multiple layers of stacked screen meshes, and the mesh number of each layer of screen mesh is greater than 100 meshes.

3. The observation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, the screen mesh includes a wire mesh and a deformable plastic screen mesh located at the edge of the wire mesh.

4. The observation system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, it further includes a control device, and the control device is electrically connected to the simulation device and the observation device.

5. A method for using the observation system for simulating the relationship between surface movement and vegetation influence according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, it includes the following steps: 1) Select the plant to be measured and install the observation system around it; 2) Control the operation of the simulation device to simulate the continuous movement and deformation of the ground surface; 3) Observe the morphological changes of plant roots and obtain relevant parameters.

Images