Miniaturized multi-beam reconfigurable antenna and planar phased array antenna

Abstract

The present invention discloses a miniaturized multi-beam reconfigurable antenna and a planar phased array antenna, wherein the miniaturized multi-beam planar phased array antenna comprises a phased array composed of a plurality of miniaturized multi-beam reconfigurable antennas as array elements, and the miniaturized multi-beam reconfigurable antenna comprises a metal floor, an annular equivalent magnetic flow gap structure arranged on the metal floor, and a hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial structure arranged on the metal floor and the annular equivalent magnetic flow gap structure. The present invention has the advantages of miniaturization, wide bandwidth, low cost, flexible beam scanning / switching, etc., and can meet the application requirements of 5G multi-beam base stations and MIMO.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of multi-beam reconfigurable antennas and phased arrays, and in particular to a miniaturized multi-beam reconfigurable antenna and a planar phased array antenna. Background Art

[0002] At present, wireless communication technology with 5G and the Internet of Things as the core is advancing rapidly, and high-speed wireless communication is profoundly changing and even subverting people's past life and production. Among them, 5G communication technology based on the Sub 6GHz frequency band, as an important part of 5G wireless communication, is widely deployed in indoor, urban, suburban and rural scenes. For base stations, compared with traditional omnidirectional base station antennas and dual-polarization directional beam base station antennas, 5G base station antennas need to face challenges such as higher transmission rates, more complex channel environments and dynamically variable transmission directions. Multi-beam reconfigurable antennas can not only dynamically switch the direction of the radiation beam, but also use dynamically switched beams to achieve scanning coverage of the radiation space. Thanks to the diversity capability and anti-interference capability brought by multi-beams, multi-beam reconfigurable antennas are introduced into 5G multi-beam base stations and 5G MissiveMIMO designs.

[0003] Multi-beam reconfigurable antennas can be roughly divided into four categories according to the reconfigurable form: mechanical multi-beam scanning antennas, phased array antennas, liquid reconfigurable antennas, and electrically reconfigurable antennas. Traditional mechanical multi-beam scanning antennas, which are mainly in the form of parabolic reflector antennas with electromechanical turntables, are mainly used in radar systems. Due to the need for an electromechanical turntable, there are problems such as large space occupied and slow beam switching response. Traditional phased array antennas, in order to achieve beam scanning and beam forming, need to add expensive T / R components, so there are problems such as high cost and complex RF front end. Traditional liquid reconfigurable antennas use reconfigurable liquid metal to change the structure of the radiator, and need to add additional hydraulic control systems, which will cause problems such as complex structure and slow dynamic response. Traditional electrically reconfigurable antennas change the current distribution of the radiator on the antenna surface by adding various electronic switching elements (PIN diodes, varactors, switch chips, and MEMS switch devices, etc.) to the antenna radiation structure, thereby realizing the reconfiguration of the directional pattern. Therefore, there are disadvantages such as limited beam scanning capability and limited working bandwidth. Through the review and analysis of the above existing technologies, it is difficult for the current multi-beam reconfigurable antennas to achieve miniaturization, low cost, wide bandwidth and flexible multi-beam scanning capabilities at the same time. Therefore, the existing multi-beam reconfigurable antennas and multi-beam scanning arrays are difficult to meet the communication needs of Sub 6GHz 5G base stations. In order to meet the performance requirements of 5G multi-beam base stations / MassiveMIMO for multi-beam antennas / arrays, broadband multi-beam reconfigurable antennas / scanning arrays are urgently needed to be studied and designed. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problem that existing 5G base station antennas are difficult to achieve both miniaturization and low cost while taking into account wide bandwidth and flexible planar multi-beam scanning capabilities, the present invention provides a miniaturized multi-beam reconfigurable antenna and a planar phased array antenna.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention proposes a miniaturized multi-beam reconfigurable antenna, comprising:

[0007] Metal flooring;

[0008] An annular equivalent magnetic flux gap structure disposed on the metal floor to introduce a horizontally polarized magnetic dipole mode and perform direction selection; and

[0009] A hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial structure is arranged on the metal floor and the annular equivalent magnetic flow gap structure.

[0010] Furthermore, the hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial structure comprises:

[0011] A cylindrical dielectric resonator disposed on the metal floor and the annular equivalent magnetic flux gap structure; and

[0012] A metamaterial structure is arranged on the upper surface of the cylindrical dielectric resonator.

[0013] Furthermore, the metamaterial structure is a circular mushroom-shaped metamaterial structure composed of a plurality of patch metamaterial surface structure plates.

[0014] Furthermore, a through-loaded feeding metal probe (5) is arranged at the center of the hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial structure, and the end of the feeding metal probe (5) is connected to the annular equivalent magnetic flow gap structure.

[0015] Furthermore, the annular equivalent magnetic flow gap structure includes:

[0016] An annular coupling feeding slot (6) provided on the metal floor (9); and

[0017] A direction selection circuit (8) is arranged on the metal floor (9) and the annular coupling feeding slot (6).

[0018] Furthermore, the direction selection circuit (8) comprises a first switch and bias circuit, a second switch and bias circuit, a third switch and bias circuit and a fourth switch and bias circuit which are centrally symmetrically arranged around the annular equivalent magnetic current gap slot (6).

[0019] Furthermore, a metamaterial short-circuit inductor (4) with through-loading is provided in the hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial structure.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present invention further proposes a miniaturized hybrid metamaterial planar phased array antenna, comprising:

[0021] A phased array composed of multiple miniaturized hybrid metamaterial multi-beam reconfigurable antennas as array elements.

[0022] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The miniaturized multi-beam reconfigurable antenna and planar phased array antenna proposed in the present invention have the advantages of small size, compact structure, wide bandwidth, high radiation characteristics (low loss), good multi-beam scanning capability and multi-functional selection, and are suitable for the performance requirements of different wireless communication applications and radar antenna applications, especially 5G micro base station and macro base station antennas;

[0024] (2) The advantages of the antenna in the present invention are small size and compact structure, making the present invention suitable for miniaturized base stations and scenarios with limited space;

[0025] (3) The antenna in the present invention has a wide working bandwidth, which can cover the frequency band of sub 6GHz applications and meet the needs of 5G communication and Internet of Things communication;

[0026] (4) The antenna of the present invention has the advantages of high radiation performance, low cost (a small number of array elements), etc., and can meet the needs of large-scale base station deployment;

[0027] (5) The antenna of the present invention has the advantages of large spatial two-dimensional beam continuous scanning angle and spatial beamforming, which can meet the requirements of multi-beam base stations for wide-angle scanning coverage;

[0028] (6) The antenna in the present invention provides multiple solutions. According to the actual usage scenario, by selecting the unit / array form and the number of array elements, different beam scanning angles can be selected to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

[0029] (7) The antenna of the present invention has low cost and only uses PCB board, ceramic medium, metal aluminum plate, screws and other structures, which is easy to produce and apply on a large scale. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a miniaturized multi-beam reconfigurable antenna in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of the miniaturized multi-beam reconfigurable antenna in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a top view of the structure of the hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial structure in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a top view of the metal floor in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of bandwidth performance of the miniaturized multi-beam reconfigurable antenna in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the radiation performance of the miniaturized multi-beam reconfigurable antenna in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of a miniaturized multi-beam planar phased array antenna in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a top view of the structure of the miniaturized multi-beam planar phased array antenna in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0038] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of bandwidth performance of a miniaturized multi-beam planar phased array antenna in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0039] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the radiation performance of the miniaturized multi-beam planar phased array antenna in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0040] The figures are marked as follows: 1. metamaterial structure, 2. cylindrical dielectric resonator, 3. patch metamaterial surface structure plate, 4. metamaterial short-circuit inductor, 5. feeding metal probe, 6. annular coupling feeding slot, 7. direction selection circuit, 8. metal floor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0042] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a miniaturized multi-beam reconfigurable antenna, comprising:

[0043] Metal floor 8;

[0044] An annular equivalent magnetic flux gap structure disposed on the metal floor 8 to introduce a horizontally polarized magnetic dipole mode and perform direction selection; and

[0045] A hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial structure is arranged on the metal floor 8 and the annular equivalent magnetic flow gap structure.

[0046] In this embodiment, based on the hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial mechanism, electrically reconfigurable technology and Huygens radiation theory, the present invention proposes a new hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial structure with vertically polarized radiation characteristics based on a dielectric resonator radiator, which has the advantages of compact structure, wide working bandwidth, good radiation performance, etc.

[0047] The hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial structure comprises a cylindrical dielectric resonator 2 arranged on a metal floor 8 and an annular equivalent magnetic flux gap structure; and a metamaterial structure 1 arranged on the upper surface of the cylindrical dielectric resonator 2 .

[0048] Specifically, the cylindrical dielectric resonator 2 is made of high dielectric constant ceramic material and has a cylindrical structure such as square, round, prism, etc. The cylindrical dielectric resonator 2 is placed on the metal floor 8 and is used as an energy radiator of the antenna to radiate energy outward when resonating.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, the metamaterial structure 1 is a circular mushroom-shaped metamaterial structure composed of a plurality of patch metamaterial surface structure plates 3, including but not limited to a 2×2 mushroom-shaped structure, and other shapes or more unit mushroom-shaped structures or metasurfaces are all acceptable. Taking a 2×2 circular mushroom-shaped metamaterial structure as an example, 2×2 fan-shaped patch metamaterial surface structure plates 3 and a circular patch metamaterial surface structure plate at the center are used to form the metamaterial structure 1 of the present invention. The metamaterial structure 1 is loaded on the upper surface of a cylindrical dielectric resonator 2 to form a hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial structure with the cylindrical dielectric resonator 2. The present invention mixes the cylindrical dielectric resonator 2 and the zero-order electromagnetic metamaterial structure 1 together in a conformal manner, and introduces a vertically polarized zero-order metamaterial to work together on the vertical polarization mode of a traditional dielectric resonator based on a hybrid mechanism, thereby achieving miniaturized antenna size, wide working bandwidth and high radiation performance.

[0050] In this embodiment, a through-loaded feeding metal probe 5 is disposed at the center of the hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial structure, and the end of the feeding metal probe 5 is connected to the coupling feeding structure.

[0051] Specifically, the present invention sets a feeding metal probe 5 at the center of the hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial structure, which penetrates the upper and lower surfaces thereof for loading. The feeding metal probe 5 is composed of a metal probe (SMA probe) inserted into the center of the hybrid metamaterial structure, which stimulates a vertically polarized omnidirectional radiation mode and introduces a vertically polarized electric dipole mode.

[0052] In this embodiment, a through-loaded metamaterial short-circuit inductor 4 is provided in the hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial structure.

[0053] Specifically, the present invention sets a metamaterial short-circuit inductor 4 around the hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial structure to penetrate the upper and lower surfaces thereof for loading. The metamaterial short-circuit inductor 4 is used to electrically connect the patch metamaterial surface structure plate 3 and the metal floor 9, and by forming a loaded inductor, the resonance effect of the super resonator mode is enhanced, thereby reducing the resonant frequency of the hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial structure, and further realizing a miniaturized design.

[0054] In this embodiment, the annular equivalent magnetic flow gap structure comprises an annular equivalent magnetic flow gap slot 6 opened on a metal floor 8 ; and a direction selection circuit 8 arranged on the metal floor 8 and the annular equivalent magnetic flow gap slot 6 .

[0055] The direction selection circuit 8 includes a first switch and a bias circuit, a second switch and a bias circuit, a third switch and a bias circuit, and a fourth switch and a bias circuit which are centrally symmetrically arranged around the annular equivalent magnetic current gap slot 6 .

[0056] Specifically, if Figure 4 As shown, the present invention etches a circle of annular equivalent magnetic flow slots 6 on the metal floor 8 to control the surface current on the metal floor 8, thereby introducing a horizontally polarized magnetic dipole mode; and loads a first switch and bias circuit, a second switch and bias circuit, a third switch and bias circuit, and a fourth switch and bias circuit around the annular equivalent magnetic flow slots 6; the first switch and bias circuit, the second switch and bias circuit, the third switch and bias circuit, and the fourth switch and bias circuit have the same structure, and are all composed of a microstrip bias circuit and a PIN switch diode etched on the metal floor 8, specifically including a direct current DC+, an AC blocking inductor, a DC blocking capacitor, a switch diode, a current limiting resistor, a direct current DC-, and a pad for electrical connection. Therefore, the direction of the horizontally polarized magnetic dipole can be selected by controlling the states of the four PIN switch diodes in combination. According to the Huygens radiation theory, magnetic dipole patterns in different directions are selected so that the antenna can achieve reconfigurable radiation patterns and multi-beam scanning in the horizontal plane while maintaining wide bandwidth and high radiation efficiency, thereby meeting the application requirements of 5G base stations for multi-beam reconfiguration.

[0057] In this embodiment, the metal floor 8 is composed of a dielectric substrate with single-sided copper cladding, and is used as a reference floor for the antenna to achieve directional radiation of the antenna and fixed assembly of the antenna.

[0058] The present invention is based on a novel half-mode Huygens principle, excites a vertically polarized metamaterial through a probe, and slots are made on a metal floor 8 to construct an electric dipole mode based on the metamaterial and a magnetic dipole mode based on slot radiation, and proposes a novel complementary antenna implementation form. By selecting the excitation position of the radiation slot through four switches on the floor, the vertically polarized horizontal plane pattern can be reconfigured.

[0059] The present invention adopts a reconfigurable vertical polarization horizontal plane pattern, can perform horizontal plane radiation coverage, realizes miniaturized design, wide bandwidth and multi-beam reconfiguration, and can be suitable for applications in 5G micro base station antennas or 5G MIMO units.

[0060] The hybrid metamaterial structure of the present invention has the advantages of miniaturization, high radiation characteristics and flexible controllability, so that the multi-beam reconfigurable antenna based on the hybrid metamaterial mechanism can achieve wide bandwidth, low cost and flexible multi-beam scanning, such as Figure 5 and 6 As shown, Figure 5 The impedance bandwidth performance of the proposed miniaturized hybrid metamaterial multi-beam reconfigurable antenna under different radiation states, where S11 represents the port reflection coefficient, one switch off means that only one of the PIN switch diodes is turned off, and two switch off means that both PIN switch diodes are turned off. Since the proposed vertically polarized multi-beam reconfigurable antenna is a completely symmetrical structure, it has two working modes: a single switch action or two adjacent switch actions. The proposed multi-beam reconfigurable antenna achieves wide bandwidth operation of 3.30-3.80 GHz under the premise of miniaturization, covering the 5G-N78 frequency band and part of the S band, so the antenna is suitable for 5G multi-beam base station applications and radar array elements. Figure 6 The multi-beam reconfigurable performance of the miniaturized hybrid metamaterial multi-beam reconfigurable antenna, where Phi indicates that the reference plane of the directional pattern is the XOY plane. By operating the four switches on the floor gap individually or synchronously with adjacent switches, the antenna achieves eight-beam reconfiguration on the horizontal plane under vertical polarization under the premise of miniaturization and low cost (minimalist control circuit). The switching step of the beam is 45°, and the 3dB bandwidth of the multi-beams can overlap, achieving good horizontal multi-beam coverage. Therefore, the antenna is particularly suitable for 5G multi-beam base stations, large-scale MIMO and smart antennas. .

[0061] Example 2

[0062] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a miniaturized multi-beam planar phased array antenna, comprising:

[0063] A phased array is formed by multiple miniaturized multi-beam reconfigurable antennas as described in Example 1 as array elements.

[0064] In this embodiment, the present invention is based on the miniaturized hybrid metamaterial multi-beam reconfigurable antenna described in Example 1, and uses the miniaturized hybrid metamaterial multi-beam reconfigurable antenna as the array element of the planar phased array antenna, and uses any array elements of at least two units to form various forms of phased arrays such as linear arrays, planar arrays, two-dimensional arrays, circular arrays, and sparse / sparsely distributed arrays.

[0065] The above phased array is composed of multiple miniaturized hybrid metamaterial multi-beam reconfigurable antennas as array elements. By combining and controlling the PIN switch diodes on the floor, the main radiation beam direction of the array element is selected, and then the feeding phase and amplitude on the integrated array are used to achieve continuous scanning and beamforming of the two-dimensional spatial beam. In particular, the use of directional pattern reconfigurable antennas as array elements can achieve two-dimensional wide-angle beam scanning in the case of a small-scale array (a small number of array elements), meeting the performance requirements of 5G multi-beam base stations for wide-angle coverage.

[0066] The present invention comprehensively considers the requirements and cost of 5G multi-beam base station antennas for beam scanning performance, and sets the array elements of the array to 16 (4×4) to form a 4×4 planar array. By arranging multiple multi-beam reconfigurable array elements into a planar array with equal array spacing, the array spacing between adjacent units is roughly set to 0.5λ0, where λ0 is the center frequency free space wavelength, in order to increase the scanning angle of the beam and obtain higher radiation gain, and beamforming can also be achieved through the feed phase and amplitude synthesis.

[0067] The present invention utilizes eight horizontal plane beams of array elements to divide the two-dimensional plane into 45° angles, and performs phased one-dimensional scanning [-75 degrees, 75 degrees] respectively, and realizes wide-angle beam two-dimensional scanning and beamforming in combination. The four switch states D1, D2, D3, and D4 of each array element are set to (D1=ON, D2=D3=D4=OFF), and the unit pattern deflection direction is Phi=0 degree direction. The 16 array element ports of the 4×4 array are modulated in the feeding amplitude and phase, that is, the one-dimensional scanning of [-75 degrees, 75 degrees] is realized in the Phi=0 degree plane; the states of the four switches are traversed and controlled, and the one-dimensional scanning can be realized in the Phi=0, 45, 90, and 135 planes respectively; finally, the above four one-dimensional scans are combined to complete the two-dimensional wide-angle beam scanning. For the beamforming of the planar array, different scanning planes (switch states) are selected according to the required beamforming requirements, and the feeding amplitude and phase of each array element of the planar array are synthesized.

[0068] Since the directional pattern of the array element antenna is reconfigurable, 8-beam scanning with a step of 45° is achieved in the horizontal plane. Compared with the array elements of traditional directional radiation beams, the array elements of this multi-beam scanning array use tilted beams as directional pattern factors, and then use the phase control principle to scan the beams, thereby expanding the scanning angle of the main radiation beam. Since the reconfigurable beams of the array elements are two-dimensional and symmetrically distributed, the main radiation beam of the array can achieve continuous beam scanning in two-dimensional space.

[0069] In order to achieve two-dimensional multi-beam wide-angle scanning and beamforming, the horizontal plane pattern reconfigurable antenna is used as an array element to perform unit beam selection and array phased scanning. In the planar array, the feeding phase of each array element port of the array is increased or modulated in equal steps by using a phase-shifted feeding network or T / R component, and the feeding amplitude is selected as equal amplitude, triangular distribution or tapered distribution, etc., to achieve beam scanning of the array; by combining the feeding phase and feeding amplitude according to the beam shape, the array beamforming can be achieved.

[0070] Phased scanning is performed using the deflection direction radiation pattern of the multi-beam scanning array element. The deflection direction radiation pattern of the multi-beam scanning array element is selected by the switch. During phased scanning, since the radiation pattern of the unit antenna itself is deflected, an additional deflection angle is obtained, that is, large-angle beam scanning is achieved.

[0071] The array element antenna in the present invention is a reconfigurable antenna, which can realize eight-beam coverage in the horizontal plane (45° is the switching step). Therefore, in the two-dimensional scanning, the two-dimensional plane is divided into eight equal areas according to the step of 45°. Then, wide-angle scanning is performed in each area, and the two-dimensional plane scanning can be realized in relay.

[0072] Compared with the existing classic two-dimensional array, the present invention adopts a smaller number of array elements and reconfigurable technology, which achieves the same level of functions and greatly reduces the cost, and is particularly suitable for large-scale commercial use of 5G base stations.

[0073] The present invention adopts vertical polarization two-dimensional full-space wide-angle beam continuous scanning and beamforming, which can achieve multifunctional spatial coverage (wide-angle coverage, two-dimensional beam switching, beamforming, etc.), and achieves wide bandwidth and multi-beam two-dimensional scanning performance under the premise of small array layout (a small number of array elements), which can be suitable for the application of 5G multi-beam base station antennas. At the same time, the form of the array, including but not limited to linear array, rectangular array, circular and sparse / sparsely distributed array, can be selected and adjusted more specifically for actual base station application scenarios. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, Fig. 9is the S parameter of the proposed planar phased array antenna, that is, the scattering parameter. Under the premise of low profile, compact space, and low cost, the proposed planar array antenna achieves broadband operation of 3.30-3.80 GHz. The isolation of each port between the array elements is less than -15dB. Each array element covers the 5G-N78 frequency band and part of the S band. Therefore, the antenna can meet the working requirements of the broadband system. Fig.10 is the beam scanning performance of the proposed planar phased array antenna, where phase represents the feeding phase difference between array elements in the array. By combining the eight different radiation pointing directions of the reconfigurable array elements and the array amplitude and phase control, the planar phased array antenna can achieve two-dimensional wide-angle scanning [-75°, +75°] and beamforming with a small number of array elements and low cost. Therefore, it is suitable for large-scale 5G multi-beam base station deployment and large-scale MIMO arrays.

[0074] The present invention uses specific embodiments to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0075] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described herein are intended to help readers understand the principles of the present invention, and should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific variations and combinations that do not deviate from the essence of the present invention based on the technical revelations disclosed by the present invention, and these variations and combinations are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A miniaturized multi-beam reconfigurable antenna, characterized in that: include: Metal floor (8); An annular equivalent magnetic flow gap structure arranged on the metal floor (8) to introduce a horizontally polarized magnetic dipole mode and perform direction selection; and A hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial structure disposed on the metal floor (8) and the annular equivalent magnetic flow gap structure; The hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial structure comprises a cylindrical dielectric resonator (2) arranged on the metal floor (8) and the annular equivalent magnetic flow gap structure; and a metamaterial structure (1) arranged on the upper surface of the cylindrical dielectric resonator (2); The metamaterial structure (1) is a circular mushroom-shaped metamaterial structure composed of a plurality of patch metamaterial surface structure plates (3); A through-loaded feeding metal probe (5) is arranged at the center of the hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial structure, and two ends of the feeding metal probe (5) are respectively connected to the annular equivalent magnetic flow gap structure and a plurality of patch metamaterial surface structure plates (3); The annular equivalent magnetic flow gap structure comprises an annular equivalent magnetic flow gap groove (6) provided on the metal floor (8); and a direction selection circuit (7) provided on the metal floor (8) and the annular equivalent magnetic flow gap groove (6).

2. The miniaturized multi-beam reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The direction selection circuit (7) comprises a first switch and bias circuit, a second switch and bias circuit, a third switch and bias circuit and a fourth switch and bias circuit which are centrally symmetrically arranged around the annular equivalent magnetic current gap slot (6).

3. The miniaturized multi-beam reconfigurable antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The hybrid electromagnetic metamaterial structure is provided with a metamaterial short-circuit inductor (4) that is loaded through.

4. A miniaturized multi-beam planar phased array antenna, characterized in that: include: A phased array composed of a plurality of miniaturized multi-beam reconfigurable antennas as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 as array elements.

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