Power control indication in multicast side link communication

Abstract

Methods, systems, and apparatus for user equipment (UE) device-to-device sidelink wireless communications utilizing transmit power adjustments provided via transmit power control requests. A group of UEs may communicate using a sidelink multicast transmission, and a sidelink multicast transmitter may increase or decrease the transmit power of the multicast transmission to achieve more efficient and reliable transmission. Each UE receiving a multicast transmission from a sidelink multicast transmitter may have a different set of radio resources that may be used to transmit transmit power control indications to request higher or lower transmit power at the transmitting UE. Alternatively, radio resources for providing transmit power indications may be provided separately for TPC-UP indications and for TPC-DOWN indications.

Description

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. patent application No. 16 / 944,113, filed by RYU et al. on July 30, 2020, entitled “POWER CONTROL INDICATION IN GROUPCAST ​​SIDELINK COMMUNICATIONS,” and U.S. provisional patent application No. 62 / 882,422, filed by RYU et al. on August 2, 2019, entitled “POWER CONTROL INDICATION IN GROUPCAST ​​SIDELINK COMMUNICATIONS,” each of which is assigned to the assignee of this application.

[0003] background

[0004] The following relates generally to wireless communications, and more particularly to power control indication in multicast sidelink communications.

[0005] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and the like. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, advanced LTE (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems), and fifth generation (5G) systems, which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ various technologies, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include several base stations or network access nodes, each of which simultaneously supports communication with multiple communication devices, which may be further referred to as user equipment (UE).

[0006] Some wireless communication systems may support both access links and side links. The access link is a communication link between a UE and a base station. In some examples, the access link may be referred to as a Uu interface. Specifically, the Uu interface may refer to an air interface for downlink transmission, uplink transmission, or both. A side link is a communication link between similar devices. For example, a side link may support communication between multiple UEs, or may support communication between multiple base stations. In some examples, a side link may be referred to as a PC5 interface (e.g., supporting vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and / or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication between vehicles in the system). In some cases, a side link may be referred to as a device-to-device (D2D) link and may support unicast messaging, groupcast messaging, multicast messaging, or a combination thereof. As one or more communication links are added to a wireless device, link management at the device may become challenging. Accordingly, efficient techniques for link management of side link communication links may be desired.

[0007] Overview

[0008] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses for supporting power control indications in multicast sidelink communications. According to various aspects of the present disclosure, the techniques provide for a sidelink transmitting user equipment (UE) to receive transmit power control indications from one or more other sidelink UEs receiving transmissions from the sidelink transmitting UE. The transmit power control indications can provide feedback information to the sidelink transmitting UE that can be used to determine whether the transmit power of the transmission should be adjusted. In some cases, based on the transmit power control indications, the sidelink transmitting UE can increase or decrease the transmit power of the transmission to achieve more efficient and reliable transmissions.

[0009] In some cases, each UE in the set of UEs receiving transmissions from a sidelink transmitting UE may have a different set of radio resources that may be used to transmit transmit power control indications to the sidelink transmitting UE. Such different resource sets may provide relatively reliable communication of transmit power control indications. In some cases, the radio resources used for transmit power control indications may be allocated by the base station serving the sidelink UE and may be provided by the base station to one or more of the sidelink UEs. In some cases, one or more UEs receiving the sidelink transmission may be outside the coverage of the base station and may receive radio resources for transmit power control indications from one or more other UEs (such as the sidelink transmitting UE).

[0010] Additionally or alternatively, a first set of radio resources may be allocated for an indication to increase transmit power at the sidelink transmitting UE, and a second set of radio resources may be allocated for an indication to decrease transmit power at the sidelink transmitting UE. Such separate sets of radio resources can provide reduced interference for UEs requesting an increase in transmit power by separating requests for decreased transmit power (i.e., from UEs that may be closer to the sidelink transmitting UE and therefore have higher power signals at the sidelink transmitting UE). The sidelink transmitting UE may adjust the transmit power of the sidelink transmission based on the received transmit power control indication (e.g., based on a majority rule or the number of UEs requesting an increase in transmit power).

[0011] In some cases, a UE receiving a sidelink transmission may provide transmit power control indications based on its proximity to the sidelink transmitting UE. In such cases, the UE may provide transmit power control indications to the sidelink transmitting UE if the UE is within a distance threshold of the sidelink transmitting UE, and may discontinue such indications if the UE is outside the distance threshold. In such cases, a UE that discontinues providing transmit power control indications may opportunistically monitor for transmissions. If such a UE subsequently moves back within the distance threshold, the transmit power control indications may be resumed. In some cases, if the UE determines that its transmit power request does not affect the transmit power of the transmission (e.g., based on detecting the same or increased power after a transmit power indication requesting a decreased power), the UE may discontinue providing transmit power control indications. Additionally or alternatively, the UE providing transmit power control indications may transmit the power control indications using a preconfigured transmit power, may use open-loop power control techniques to determine the transmit power at which the power control indications are transmitted, or a combination thereof.

[0012] A method for wireless communication at a first UE is described. The method may include: identifying a first set of wireless resources for transmitting a first transmit power control indication from the first UE to a transmitter of a device-to-device side link communication, wherein the device-to-device side link communication is to a UE group that includes the first UE, and wherein the first set of wireless resources includes resources that are different from other sets of wireless resources used by other UEs in the UE group to provide associated transmit power control indications to the transmitter; determining the first transmit power control indication based on a measured signal strength of the device-to-device side link communication from the transmitter; and transmitting the first transmit power control indication to the transmitter via the first set of wireless resources.

[0013] An apparatus for wireless communication at a first UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: identify a first set of wireless resources for transmitting a first transmit power control indication from the first UE to a transmitter of a device-to-device side link communication, wherein the device-to-device side link communication is to a UE group that includes the first UE, and wherein the first set of wireless resources includes resources that are different from other sets of wireless resources used by other UEs in the UE group to provide associated transmit power control indications to the transmitter; determine the first transmit power control indication based on a measured signal strength of the device-to-device side link communication from the transmitter; and transmit the first transmit power control indication to the transmitter via the first set of wireless resources.

[0014] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a first UE is described. The apparatus may include means for: identifying a first set of wireless resources for transmitting a first transmit power control indication from the first UE to a transmitter of a device-to-device side link communication, wherein the device-to-device side link communication is to a UE group that includes the first UE, and wherein the first set of wireless resources includes resources that are different from other sets of wireless resources used by other UEs in the UE group to provide associated transmit power control indications to the transmitter; determining the first transmit power control indication based on a measured signal strength of the device-to-device side link communication from the transmitter; and transmitting the first transmit power control indication to the transmitter via the first set of wireless resources.

[0015] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: identify a first set of wireless resources for transmitting a first transmit power control indication from the first UE to a transmitter of a device-to-device side link communication, wherein the device-to-device side link communication is to a UE group that includes the first UE, and wherein the first set of wireless resources includes resources that are different from other sets of wireless resources used by other UEs in the UE group to provide associated transmit power control indications to the transmitter; determine the first transmit power control indication based on a measured signal strength of the device-to-device side link communication from the transmitter; and transmit the first transmit power control indication to the transmitter via the first set of wireless resources.

[0016] In some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, identification may include operations, features, means, or instructions for the following actions: receiving an indication of a first set of wireless resources from one or more of a base station serving a transmitter and a first UE, a transmitter, another UE in a UE group, or any combination thereof. Some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for the following actions: determining to subscribe to a multicast transmission of the transmitter before identifying the first set of wireless resources, and wherein identifying the first set of wireless resources may be performed in response to subscribing to the multicast transmission of the transmitter. In some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, determining the first transmit power control indication may be performed in response to a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) transmission of the transmitter.

[0017] Some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a distance between a transmitter and a first UE; and interrupting determination and transmission of a first transmit power control indication based on the distance exceeding a threshold distance value. Some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for opportunistically monitoring for transmissions by the transmitter after the interruption. Some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining, after the interruption, that a distance between the transmitter and the first UE is less than a threshold distance value; and resuming determination and transmission of the first transmit power control indication based on the distance being less than the threshold distance value.

[0018] In some examples of the methods, devices, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first set of wireless resources is associated with a first beam in a beam set used by a transmitter for communication. In some examples of the methods, devices, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the transmitter communicates using an omnidirectional beam, and the first set of wireless resources includes a first set of time resources, a first set of frequency resources, or a combination thereof.

[0019] Some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for: determining that one or more other UEs in the UE group are causing the transmitter to adjust its transmit power; and interrupting transmission of the first transmit power control indication based on determining that the one or more other UEs in the UE group are causing the transmitter to adjust its transmit power. In some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, determining that the one or more other UEs in the UE group are causing the transmitter to adjust its transmit power may include operations, features, means, or instructions for: transmitting one or more power-down indications to the transmitter; and determining that the transmitter maintained or increased its transmit power after the one or more power-down indications.

[0020] Some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for the following actions: setting the transmit power of the first transmit power control indication to the maximum transmit power of the first UE based on the first transmit power control indication requesting a higher transmit power at the transmitter. Some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for the following actions: determining that a lower transmit power at the transmitter is to be requested by the first UE; and setting the transmit power of the first transmit power control indication according to an open-loop power control procedure or according to a preconfigured transmit power in response to determining that a lower transmit power is requested.

[0021] A method for wireless communication at a first UE is described. The method may include: identifying a first wireless resource set for indicating a power-up transmit power control request to a transmitter of a device-to-device side link communication and a second wireless resource set for indicating a power-down transmit power control request to the transmitter, wherein the first wireless resource set is different from the second wireless resource set; determining which of the power-up transmit power control request or the power-down transmit power control request to indicate to the transmitter based on a measured signal strength of the device-to-device side link communication from the transmitter; selecting which of the first wireless resource set or the second wireless resource set to be used for transmitting a first transmit power control indication based on the determination; and transmitting the first transmit power control indication to the transmitter via the selected wireless resource set.

[0022] An apparatus for wireless communication at a first UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: identify a first wireless resource set for indicating a power-up transmit power control request to a transmitter of a device-to-device side link communication and a second wireless resource set for indicating a power-down transmit power control request to the transmitter, wherein the first wireless resource set is different from the second wireless resource set; determine which of the power-up transmit power control request or the power-down transmit power control request to indicate to the transmitter based on a measured signal strength of the device-to-device side link communication from the transmitter; select which of the first wireless resource set or the second wireless resource set to be used to transmit a first transmit power control indication based on the determination; and transmit the first transmit power control indication to the transmitter via the selected wireless resource set.

[0023] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a first UE is described. The apparatus may include means for: identifying a first wireless resource set for indicating a power-up transmit power control request to a transmitter of a device-to-device side link communication and a second wireless resource set for indicating a power-down transmit power control request to the transmitter, wherein the first wireless resource set is different from the second wireless resource set; determining which of the power-up transmit power control request or the power-down transmit power control request to indicate to the transmitter based on a measured signal strength of the device-to-device side link communication from the transmitter; selecting which of the first wireless resource set or the second wireless resource set to be used for transmitting a first transmit power control indication based on the determination; and transmitting the first transmit power control indication to the transmitter via the selected wireless resource set.

[0024] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: identify a first wireless resource set for indicating a power-up transmit power control request to a transmitter of a device-to-device side link communication and a second wireless resource set for indicating a power-down transmit power control request to the transmitter, wherein the first wireless resource set is different from the second wireless resource set; determine which of the power-up transmit power control request or the power-down transmit power control request to indicate to the transmitter based on a measured signal strength of the device-to-device side link communication from the transmitter; select which of the first wireless resource set or the second wireless resource set to be used for transmitting a first transmit power control indication based on the determination; and transmit the first transmit power control indication to the transmitter via the selected wireless resource set.

[0025] In some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, identifying may include operations, features, means, or instructions for: receiving an indication of the first set of wireless resources and the second set of wireless resources from one or more of a base station serving the transmitter and the first UE, the transmitter, another UE in the UE group receiving device-to-device side link communication from the transmitter, or any combination thereof. Some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for: determining to subscribe to a multicast transmission of the transmitter before identifying the first set of wireless resources, and wherein identifying the first set of wireless resources and the second set of wireless resources is performed in response to subscribing to the multicast transmission of the transmitter.

[0026] Some examples of the methods, devices (apparatuses), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, apparatuses, or instructions for: determining a distance between the transmitter and the first UE; and interrupting determination and transmission of a first transmit power control indication based on the distance exceeding a threshold distance value.

[0027] Some examples of the methods, devices (apparatuses), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, apparatuses, or instructions for: determining that one or more other UEs in a UE group receiving communications from a transmitter are causing a transmit power adjustment by the transmitter; and interrupting transmission of a first transmit power control indication based on determining that one or more other UEs in a UE group are causing a transmit power adjustment by the transmitter.

[0028] Some examples of the methods, devices (apparatuses), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, apparatuses, or instructions for setting the transmit power of the first transmit power control indication based on which of the first wireless resource set or the second wireless resource set is selected.

[0029] A method for wireless communication at a transmitting UE is described. The method may include identifying a plurality of different sets of radio resources for providing transmit power control indications from a group of receiving UEs to the transmitting UE, each radio resource set being associated with a different receiving UE in the group of receiving UEs that receives device-to-device sidelink transmissions of the transmitting UE; monitoring the plurality of different sets of radio resources for one or more transmit power control indications from one or more receiving UEs in the group of receiving UEs; determining a transmit power adjustment for a transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indications; and transmitting the transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment.

[0030] An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitting UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: identify a plurality of different sets of radio resources for providing transmit power control indications from a group of receiving UEs to the transmitting UE, each set of radio resources being associated with a different receiving UE in the group of receiving UEs that receives device-to-device sidelink transmissions from the transmitting UE; monitor the plurality of different sets of radio resources for one or more transmit power control indications from one or more receiving UEs in the group of receiving UEs; determine a transmit power adjustment for a transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indications; and transmit the transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment.

[0031] Another apparatus for wireless communications at a transmitting UE is described. The apparatus may include means for: identifying a plurality of different sets of radio resources for providing transmit power control indications from a group of receiving UEs to the transmitting UE, each radio resource set associated with a different receiving UE in the group of receiving UEs that receives device-to-device sidelink transmissions of the transmitting UE; monitoring the plurality of different sets of radio resources for one or more transmit power control indications from one or more receiving UEs in the group of receiving UEs; determining a transmit power adjustment for a transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indications; and transmitting the transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment.

[0032] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a transmitting UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: identify a plurality of different sets of radio resources for providing transmit power control indications from a group of receiving UEs to the transmitting UE, each set of radio resources being associated with a different receiving UE in the group of receiving UEs that receives device-to-device sidelink transmissions of the transmitting UE; monitor the plurality of different sets of radio resources for one or more transmit power control indications from one or more receiving UEs in the group of receiving UEs; determine a transmit power adjustment for a transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indications; and transmit the transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment.

[0033] In some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the identification may include operations, features, means, or instructions for: receiving an indication of the multiple different sets of radio resources from one or more of a base station serving a transmitting UE, another UE in a UE group, or any combination thereof. In some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the transmit power control indication may be provided in response to a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) transmission of the transmitting UE.

[0034] In some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, determining a transmit power adjustment may include operations, features, means, or instructions for: determining to decrease the transmit power of a transmission based on receiving more power control down indications than power control up indications; and determining to increase the transmit power of a transmission based on receiving more power control up indications than power control down indications. In some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, determining a transmit power adjustment may include operations, features, means, or instructions for: determining to decrease the transmit power of a transmission based on receiving one or more transmit power control down indications in the absence of any transmit power control up indications; and determining to increase the transmit power of a transmission based on receiving at least one transmit power control up indication in the one or more transmit power control indications. In some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the transmission is transmitted using an omnidirectional beam, and wherein the multiple different sets of wireless resources include different sets of time resources, sets of frequency resources, or a combination thereof.

[0035] In some examples of the methods, devices, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, determining a transmit power adjustment may include operations, features, devices, or instructions for: determining to reduce the transmit power of a first beam for transmission based on receiving one or more transmit power control down indications in one or more transmit power control indications associated with the first beam in the absence of any transmit power control up indication associated with the first beam; and determining to increase the transmit power of the first beam for transmission based on receiving at least one transmit power control up indication associated with the first beam.

[0036] A method for wireless communication at a transmitting UE is described. The method may include: identifying a first wireless resource set for receiving one or more power-up transmit power control requests from one or more receiving UEs receiving a device-to-device side link transmission from the transmitting UE and a second wireless resource set for receiving one or more power-down transmit power control requests from the one or more receiving UEs, wherein the first wireless resource set is different from the second wireless resource set; monitoring the first wireless resource set and the second wireless resource set for one or more transmit power control indications from the one or more receiving UEs; determining a transmit power adjustment for a transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indications; and transmitting the transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment.

[0037] An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitting UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: identify a first wireless resource set for receiving one or more power-up transmit power control requests from one or more receiving UEs receiving device-to-device side link transmissions of the transmitting UE and a second wireless resource set for receiving one or more power-down transmit power control requests from the one or more receiving UEs, wherein the first wireless resource set is different from the second wireless resource set; monitor the first wireless resource set and the second wireless resource set for one or more transmit power control indications from the one or more receiving UEs; determine a transmit power adjustment for a transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indications; and transmit the transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment.

[0038] Another apparatus for wireless communications at a transmitting UE is described. The apparatus may include means for: identifying a first set of wireless resources for receiving one or more power-up transmit power control requests from one or more receiving UEs receiving a device-to-device side link transmission from the transmitting UE and a second set of wireless resources for receiving one or more power-down transmit power control requests from the one or more receiving UEs, wherein the first set of wireless resources is different from the second set of wireless resources; monitoring the first set of wireless resources and the second set of wireless resources for one or more transmit power control indications from the one or more receiving UEs; determining a transmit power adjustment for a transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indications; and transmitting the transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment.

[0039] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a transmitting UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: identify a first wireless resource set for receiving one or more power-up transmit power control requests from one or more receiving UEs receiving a device-to-device side link transmission from the transmitting UE and a second wireless resource set for receiving one or more power-down transmit power control requests from the one or more receiving UEs, wherein the first wireless resource set is different from the second wireless resource set; monitor the first wireless resource set and the second wireless resource set for one or more transmit power control indications from the one or more receiving UEs; determine a transmit power adjustment for a transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indications; and transmit the transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment.

[0040] In some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the identification may include operations, features, means, or instructions for: receiving an indication of the first set of wireless resources and the second set of wireless resources from one or more of a base station serving a transmitting UE, another UE, or any combination thereof. In some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the transmit power control indication may be provided in response to a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) transmission of the transmitting UE.

[0041] In some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, determining a transmit power adjustment may include operations, features, means, or instructions for: determining to reduce the transmit power of a transmission based on receiving one or more transmit power control down indications in the absence of any transmit power control up indications; and determining to increase the transmit power of a transmission based on receiving at least one transmit power control up indication. In some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the transmission is transmitted using an omnidirectional beam, and wherein the first set of wireless resources and the second set of wireless resources include different sets of time resources, sets of frequency resources, or a combination thereof. In some examples of the methods, devices (apparatus), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first set of wireless resources and the second set of wireless resources are identified for each beam used for the transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1

[0014] An example of a system for wireless communication supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0044] Figures 2 to 5An example of a sidelink communication system supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0045] Figure 6 and Figure 7 A block diagram of an apparatus supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0046] Figure 8 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0047] Figure 9 A diagram of a system including devices supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0048] Figure 10 and Figure 11 A block diagram of an apparatus supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0049] Figure 12 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0050] Figure 13 A diagram of a system including a user equipment (UE) supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0051] Figure 14 A diagram of a system including a base station supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0052] Figures 15 to 22 A flow chart illustrating a method of supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0053] Detailed description

[0054] A wireless communication system may support both access links and side links for communication between wireless devices. An access link may refer to any communication link between a user equipment (UE) and a base station. For example, an access link may support uplink signaling, downlink signaling, connection procedures, and the like. A side link may refer to any communication link between similar wireless devices (e.g., a communication link between UEs, or a backhaul communication link between base stations). In some examples, a UE may transmit to a group of UEs on one or more side links, and the transmitting UE may be referred to as a transmitting UE, while the UEs in the group of UEs may be referred to as receiving UEs. A transmitting device (e.g., a transmitting UE) may be referred to as a transmitter in some cases. In addition, various aspects of the teachings herein may be explained with reference to multicast in some cases, where a transmitter (e.g., a multicast transmitter) transmits the same information (e.g., a set of one or more messages) to multiple target (e.g., receiving) devices.

[0055] However, it should be noted that while the various examples provided herein are discussed with respect to UE sidelink devices, such sidelink technologies may be used with any type of wireless device (e.g., UE, base station, etc.) that uses sidelink communications. For example, the sidelink may support device-to-device (D2D) communications, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and / or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, message relay, discovery signaling, beacon signaling, or any combination of these or other signals transmitted over the air from one UE to one or more other UEs. Furthermore, while various examples may be provided herein with respect to a multicast context, this is merely an example context, and the teachings herein may also be applied in non-multicast contexts.

[0056] Various sidelink connections between sidelink devices can be used to support data flows between devices. In some cases, a sidelink UE can transmit the same data to multiple target UEs in a multicast sidelink transmission. In such cases, each UE in the UE group to receive the multicast transmission can establish a sidelink connection with the sidelink multicast transmitter UE and can subscribe to the group (for example, to receive periodic updates about various conditions or states at the sidelink multicast transmitter UE from the sidelink multicast transmitter UE). In various existing deployments for sidelink communications, each UE receiving a sidelink transmission from a sidelink transmitter UE does not yet have a mechanism for providing feedback related to the transmit power of the sidelink transmitter UE. Therefore, the sidelink transmitter UE can measure one or more channel characteristics associated with one or more sidelink receiver UEs (for example, the received signal strength of the transmission from the sidelink receiver UE) and set the transmit power based on the measurement. Such technology may not allow efficient adjustment of the transmit power when the distance or channel conditions between the two UEs change. Various aspects of the present disclosure provide technologies for transmit power adjustment in sidelink communications.

[0057] According to various aspects of the present disclosure, techniques are provided for enabling a sidelink multicast transmitting UE to receive transmit power control (TPC) indications from one or more other sidelink UEs receiving transmissions from the sidelink multicast transmitting UE. In some cases, based on the TPC indications, the sidelink multicast transmitting UE can increase or decrease the transmit power of the multicast transmission to achieve more efficient and reliable transmission. In some cases, each UE in a set of UEs receiving multicast transmissions from the sidelink multicast transmitting UE may have a different set of radio resources that may be used to transmit TPC indications to the sidelink multicast transmitting UE. Such different resource sets may provide relatively reliable communication of TPC indications with reduced interference from other TPC indications from other UEs. In some cases, the radio resources used for TPC indications may be allocated by a base station serving the sidelink UE and may be provided by the base station to one or more of the sidelink UEs. In some cases, one or more UEs receiving the multicast sidelink transmission may be outside the coverage of the base station and may receive radio resources for TPC indications from one or more other UEs, such as the sidelink multicast transmitting UE.

[0058] Additionally or alternatively, a first set of wireless resources may be allocated for an indication of increasing transmit power at the sidelink multicast transmitting UE (e.g., a TPC-UP indication), and a second set of wireless resources may be allocated for an indication of decreasing transmit power at the sidelink multicast transmitting UE (e.g., a TPC-DOWN indication). Such separate sets of wireless resources may provide reduced interference for UEs requesting increased transmit power by separating requests for decreased transmit power (i.e., from UEs that may be closer to the sidelink multicast transmitting UE and therefore have higher power signals at the sidelink multicast transmitting UE). The sidelink multicast transmitting UE may adjust the transmit power of the sidelink transmission based on the received TPC indication. In some cases, a majority rule may be used, where the transmit power at the sidelink multicast transmitting UE may be adjusted based on whether more TPC-UP indications or TPC-DOWN indications are received. In other cases, the sidelink multicast transmitting UE may increase the multicast transmit power based on receiving at least one TPC-UP indication, regardless of how many TPC-DOWN indications are received, so as to provide sufficient signal strength for receiving UEs with worse channel conditions than other receiving UEs.

[0059] In some cases, a UE receiving a multicast sidelink transmission may provide a TPC indication based on its proximity to the sidelink multicast transmitting UE. In such cases, the UE may provide a TPC indication to the sidelink multicast transmitting UE if the UE is within a distance threshold of the sidelink multicast transmitting UE, and may discontinue such indication if the UE is outside the distance threshold. In such cases, the UE that discontinues providing the TPC indication may opportunistically monitor for multicast transmissions. If such a UE subsequently moves back within the distance threshold, the TPC indication may be resumed. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may discontinue providing the TPC indication if it determines that its transmit power request does not affect the transmit power of the multicast transmission (e.g., based on detecting the same or increased power after one or more TPC-DOWN requests). Additionally or alternatively, the UE providing the TPC indication may transmit the power control indication using a preconfigured transmit power, may use open-loop power control techniques to determine the transmit power at which the power control indication is transmitted, or a combination thereof.

[0060] Thus, techniques such as those discussed herein provide enhanced reliability and efficiency for sidelink communications. For example, by adjusting transmit power, a sidelink multicast transmitting UE can provide communications with a higher likelihood of successful reception at a receiving UE when using a transmit power based on current channel conditions. Furthermore, a sidelink multicast transmitting UE can use TPC feedback to adjust transmit power relatively quickly, which can be beneficial in deployments where there may be relatively rapid movement between UEs (e.g., in vehicle-to-vehicle communications).

[0061] Aspects of the present disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communication systems. Several examples of sidelink communication systems operating according to the techniques provided herein are subsequently described. Aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated and described by reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flow charts related to power control indication in multicast sidelink communications.

[0062] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 that supports power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to various aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 includes a base station 105, a UE 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 can be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a New Radio (NR) network. In some cases, the wireless communication system 100 can support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission-critical) communications, low-latency communications, or communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices.

[0063] The base station 105 may communicate wirelessly with the UE 115 via one or more base station antennas. The base station 105 described herein may include or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a next-generation Node B, or a gigabit Node B (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, or some other suitable terminology. The wireless communication system 100 may include different types of base stations 105 (e.g., macro cell base stations or small cell base stations). The UE 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of base stations 105 and network equipment (including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, gNBs, relay base stations, etc.).

[0064] Each base station 105 may be associated with a particular geographic coverage area 110 in which it supports communications with various UEs 115. Each base station 105 may provide communication coverage for the corresponding geographic coverage area 110 via a communication link 125, and the communication link 125 between the base station 105 and the UE 115 may utilize one or more carriers. The communication link 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include an uplink transmission from the UE 115 to the base station 105, or a downlink transmission from the base station 105 to the UE 115. Downlink transmissions may also be referred to as forward link transmissions, while uplink transmissions may also be referred to as reverse link transmissions.

[0065] The geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 105 can be divided into sectors that constitute a portion of the geographic coverage area 110, and each sector can be associated with a cell. For example, each base station 105 can provide communication coverage for a macrocell, a small cell, a hotspot, or other types of cells, or various combinations thereof. In some examples, the base station 105 can be mobile and, therefore, provide communication coverage for a mobile geographic coverage area 110. In some examples, different geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can overlap, and the overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can be supported by the same base station 105 or different base stations 105. The wireless communication system 100 can include, for example, a heterogeneous LTE / LTE-A / LTE-A Pro or NR network, in which different types of base stations 105 provide coverage for various geographic coverage areas 110.

[0066] The term "cell" refers to a logical communication entity used to communicate with base station 105 (e.g., on a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier to distinguish between adjacent cells operating via the same or different carriers (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID)). In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine type communication (MTC), narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or other) that may provide access to different types of devices. In some cases, the term "cell" may refer to a portion (e.g., a sector) of a geographic coverage area 110 on which the logical entity operates.

[0067] UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile. UE 115 may also be referred to as a mobile device, wireless device, remote device, handheld device, or subscriber device, or some other suitable term, where "device" may also be referred to as a unit, station, terminal, or client. UE 115 may also be a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may also refer to a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or an MTC device, etc., which may be implemented in various items (such as appliances, vehicles, meters, etc.).

[0068] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low-cost or low-complexity devices and may provide automated communication between machines (e.g., via machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technology that allows devices to communicate with each other or with a base station 105 without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that incorporate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay that information to a central server or application, which may utilize the information or present it to a person interacting with the program or application. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or implement automated behavior of machines. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wilderness survival monitoring, weather and geographic event monitoring, queue management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based commercial charging.

[0069] Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ a reduced power consumption mode of operation, such as half-duplex communication (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception but not simultaneous transmission and reception). In some examples, half-duplex communication may be performed with a reduced peak rate. Other power saving techniques for UEs 115 include entering a power saving "deep sleep" mode when not engaged in active communications, or operating over a limited bandwidth (e.g., in accordance with narrowband communications). In some cases, UEs 115 may be designed to support critical functions (e.g., mission-critical functions), and the wireless communication system 100 may be configured to provide ultra-reliable communication for these functions.

[0070] In some cases, a UE 115 may also be able to communicate directly with other UEs 115 via a sidelink connection 135 (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or device-to-device (D2D) protocol). One or more UEs in a group of UEs 115 utilizing D2D communication may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of the base station 105. Other UEs 115 in the group may be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of the base station 105 or otherwise unable to receive transmissions from the base station 105. In some cases, groups of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system, in which each UE 115 transmits to each other UE 115 in the group (e.g., in a connection-based multicast configuration). In some cases, the base station 105 facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communication. In other cases, D2D communication is performed between the UEs 115 without involving the base station 105.

[0071] The base stations 105 can communicate with the core network 130 and with each other. For example, the base stations 105 can interface with the core network 130 via a backhaul link 132 (e.g., via S1, N2, N3, or other interfaces). The base stations 105 can communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between the base stations 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) on a backhaul link 134 (e.g., via X2, Xn, or other interfaces).

[0072] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC), which may include at least one mobility management entity (MME), at least one serving gateway (S-GW), and at least one packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW). The MME may manage non-access stratum (e.g., control plane) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for UEs 115 served by base stations 105 associated with the EPC. User IP packets may be delivered through the S-GW, which itself may be connected to the P-GW. The P-GW may provide IP address allocation and other functions. The P-GW may be connected to network operator IP services. Operator IP services may include access to the Internet, an intranet, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), or packet switched (PS) streaming services.

[0073] At least some network devices (such as base stations 105) may include subcomponents, such as access network entities, which may be examples of access node controllers (ANCs). Each access network entity may communicate with various UEs 115 through a number of other access network transport entities, which may be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmit / receive points (TRPs). In some configurations, the various functions of each access network entity or base station 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and access network controllers) or consolidated into a single network device (e.g., base station 105).

[0074] The wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands, typically in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally speaking, the 300 MHz to 3 GHz region is referred to as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or the decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately 1 decimeter to 1 meter long. UHF waves can be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features. However, these waves can penetrate various structures sufficiently for macrocells to provide service to UEs 115 located indoors. Transmissions using UHF waves can be associated with smaller antennas and a shorter range (e.g., less than 100 km) compared to transmissions using the lower frequencies and longer wavelengths in the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0075] The wireless communication system 100 may also operate in the Super High Frequency (SHF) region using frequency bands from 3 GHz to 30 GHz (also known as centimeter bands). The SHF region includes frequency bands that may be opportunistically used by devices that may be able to tolerate interference from other users, such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band.

[0076] The wireless communication system 100 may also operate in the extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz), which is also referred to as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UE 115 and the base station 105, and the EHF antennas of the corresponding devices may be even smaller and more closely spaced than the UHF antennas. In some cases, this may facilitate the use of antenna arrays within the UE 115. However, the propagation of EHF transmissions may be subject to even greater atmospheric attenuation and a shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The technology disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions using one or more different frequency regions, and the use of frequency bands specified across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulatory agency.

[0077] In some cases, the wireless communication system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may employ license assisted access (LAA), LTE unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in an unlicensed frequency band (such as the 5 GHz ISM band). When operating in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band, wireless devices (such as base stations 105 and UEs 115) may employ a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure to ensure that the frequency channel is clear before transmitting data. In some cases, operations in the unlicensed band may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration (e.g., LAA) in conjunction with component carriers operating in the licensed band. Operations in the unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, peer-to-peer transmissions, or a combination of these. Duplexing in the unlicensed spectrum may be based on frequency division duplexing (FDD), time division duplexing (TDD), or a combination of the two.

[0078] In some examples, base station 105 or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. For example, wireless communication system 100 may employ a transmission scheme between a transmitting device (e.g., base station 105) and a receiving device (e.g., UE 115), where the transmitting device is equipped with multiple antennas and the receiving device is equipped with one or more antennas. MIMO communication may exploit multipath signal propagation to increase spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers, which may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. For example, a transmitting device may transmit multiple signals via different antennas or different antenna combinations. Similarly, a receiving device may receive multiple signals via different antennas or different antenna combinations. Each of these multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry bits associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams. Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO technology includes single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), in which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), in which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

[0079] Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a base station 105 or a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam or a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals conveyed via antenna elements of an antenna array so that signals propagating at a particular orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to the signals conveyed via the antenna elements can include the transmitting device or the receiving device applying a specific amplitude and phase shift to the signal carried via each antenna element associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each antenna element can be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a particular orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device, or relative to some other orientation).

[0080] In one example, the base station 105 can use multiple antennas or antenna arrays to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with the UE 115. For example, some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) can be transmitted multiple times by the base station 105 in different directions, which can include a signal being transmitted according to different sets of beamforming weights associated with different transmission directions. The transmissions in different beam directions can be used (e.g., by the base station 105 or a receiving device, such as the UE 115) to identify the beam direction used by the base station 105 for subsequent transmission and / or reception.

[0081] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular recipient device, may be transmitted by base station 105 in a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with a recipient device, such as UE 115). In some examples, a beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based at least in part on signals transmitted in different beam directions. For example, UE 115 may receive one or more signals transmitted by base station 105 in different directions, and UE 115 may report to base station 105 an indication of the signal it received with the highest signal quality or other acceptable signal quality. Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted by base station 105 in one or more directions, UE 115 may use similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by UE 115) or for transmitting signals in a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a recipient device).

[0082] A receiving device (e.g., UE 115, which may be an example of a mmW receiving device) may attempt multiple receive beams when receiving various signals (such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from base station 105. For example, the receiving device may attempt multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as "listening" according to different receive beams or receive directions. In some examples, the receiving device may use a single receive beam to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). A single receive beam may be aligned in a beam direction determined based at least in part on listening according to different receive beam directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio, or other acceptable signal quality based at least in part on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0083] In some cases, the antennas of a base station 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays that can support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some cases, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with a base station 105 may be located at different geographic locations. A base station 105 may have an antenna array with several rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station 105 may use to support beamforming for communications with a UE 115. Similarly, a UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations.

[0084] In some cases, the wireless communication system 100 can be a packet-based network operating according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, the communication of the bearer or packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer can be IP-based. The radio link control (RLC) layer can perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate on the logical channel. The media access control (MAC) layer can perform priority handling and multiplex logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer can also use hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) to provide retransmission of the MAC layer, thereby improving link efficiency. In the control plane, the radio resource control (RRC) protocol layer can provide the establishment, configuration and maintenance of the RRC connection of the radio bearer supporting user plane data between the UE115 and the base station 105 or the core network 130. At the physical layer, the transport channel can be mapped to the physical channel.

[0085] In some cases, the UE 115 and the base station 105 may support retransmission of data to increase the likelihood that the data is successfully received. HARQ feedback is a technique that increases the likelihood of correctly receiving data on the communication link 125. HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ)). HARQ can improve MAC layer throughput in poor radio conditions (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio conditions). In some cases, a wireless device may support simultaneous slot HARQ feedback, wherein the device may provide HARQ feedback in a particular time slot for data received in previous symbols in that time slot. In other cases, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent time slot or based on some other time interval.

[0086] The time interval in LTE or NR can be represented by a basic time unit (which may be, for example, a sampling period T s =1 / 30,720,000 seconds). The time intervals of the communication resources may be organized according to radio frames each having a duration of 10 milliseconds (ms), where the frame period may be expressed as T f =307,200T s . A radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) ranging from 0 to 1023. Each frame may include 10 subframes numbered from 0 to 9, and each subframe may have a duration of 1 ms. A subframe may be further divided into 2 slots, each slot having a duration of 0.5 ms, and each slot may contain 6 or 7 modulation symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of a cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period). Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain 2048 sampling periods. In some cases, a subframe may be the minimum scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In other cases, the minimum scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be shorter than a subframe or may be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of a shortened TTI (sTTI) or in a selected component carrier using sTTI).

[0087] In some wireless communication systems, a time slot can be further divided into multiple mini-slots containing one or more symbols. In some instances, a symbol of a mini-slot or a mini-slot can be the smallest scheduling unit. For example, the duration of each symbol can vary depending on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band. Furthermore, some wireless communication systems can implement time slot aggregation, in which multiple time slots or mini-slots are aggregated and used for communication between UE 115 and base station 105.

[0088] The term "carrier" refers to a set of radio frequency spectrum resources that has a defined physical layer structure for supporting communications on the communication link 125. For example, a carrier of the communication link 125 may include a portion of a radio frequency spectrum band that operates according to a physical layer channel for a given radio access technology. Each physical layer channel may carry user data, control information, or other signaling. A carrier may be associated with a predefined frequency channel (e.g., an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (EARFCN)) and may be located according to a channel grid for discovery by the UE 115. A carrier may be downlink or uplink (e.g., in FDD mode), or configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in TDD mode). In some examples, a signal waveform transmitted on a carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using a multicarrier modulation (MCM) technique such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)).

[0089] The organizational structure of a carrier can be different for different radio access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). For example, communications on a carrier can be organized according to time intervals (TTIs) or time slots, each of which can include user data and control information or signaling to support decoding of the user data. A carrier can also include dedicated acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals or system information, etc.) and control signaling to coordinate carrier operations. In some examples (e.g., in a carrier aggregation configuration), a carrier can also have acquisition signaling or control signaling to coordinate the operations of other carriers.

[0090] Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to various techniques. Physical control channels and physical data channels may be multiplexed on a downlink carrier using, for example, time division multiplexing (TDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), or a hybrid TDM-FDM technique. In some examples, control information transmitted in a physical control channel may be distributed in a concatenated manner across different control regions (e.g., between a common control region or common search space and one or more UE-specific control regions or UE-specific search spaces).

[0091] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of radio frequency spectrum, and in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as the "system bandwidth" of the carrier or wireless communication system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of several predetermined bandwidths of a carrier for a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 MHz). In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured to operate on part or all of the carrier bandwidth. In other examples, some UEs 115 may be configured to operate using a narrowband protocol type associated with a predefined portion or range (e.g., a set of subcarriers or RBs) within a carrier (e.g., an "in-band" deployment of a narrowband protocol type).

[0092] In a system employing MCM technology, a resource element may include a symbol period (e.g., the duration of a modulation symbol) and a subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme). Thus, the more resource elements a UE 115 receives and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate of the UE 115 can be. In a MIMO system, wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of radio frequency spectrum resources, time resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers), and the use of multiple spatial layers may further increase the data rate of communications with the UE 115.

[0093] A device of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., a base station 105 or a UE 115) may have a hardware configuration that supports communication on a particular carrier bandwidth, or may be configurable to support communication on one carrier bandwidth in a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include a base station 105 and / or a UE 115 that supports simultaneous communication via carriers associated with more than one different carrier bandwidth.

[0094] The wireless communication system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 on multiple cells or carriers, a feature that may be referred to as carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. The UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both FDD and TDD component carriers.

[0095] When two or more UEs 115 communicate using a sidelink connection 135, a TPC indication may be provided between the sidelink UEs 115, which may be used to adjust the transmit power of the transmitting UE. In some cases, a group of UEs 115 may communicate using a sidelink multicast transmission, and the sidelink multicast transmitter may increase or decrease the transmit power of the multicast transmission to achieve more efficient and reliable transmission. In some cases, each UE 115 receiving a multicast transmission from a sidelink multicast transmitter may have a different set of radio resources available for transmitting TPC indications. In other cases, separate radio resources may be provided for TPC-UP indications and TPC-DOWN indications. Such different resource sets may provide relatively reliable communication with TPC indications that reduce interference from other TPC indications that may be transmitted concurrently.

[0096] Figure 1 An example of a sidelink communication system 100 that supports power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the sidelink communication system 200 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100. The sidelink communication system of this example may include a first UE 115-a as a sidelink multicast transmitter UE, and a plurality of sidelink multicast receiver UEs 115 including a second UE 115-b, a third UE 115-c, and a fourth UE 115-d, which may be the UEs described above. Figure 1 An example of a UE 115 is described. In this example, the UEs 115 may establish a sidelink multicast group in which a first UE 115-a transmits a sidelink multicast transmission 210 to each of the other UEs 115 in the group.

[0097] exist Figure 2, a second UE 115-b may receive a sidelink multicast transmission 210 via sidelink channel 205-b and may transmit a TPC request 220 to the first UE 115-a via sidelink channel 215. Similarly, a third UE 115-c may receive a sidelink transmission via sidelink channel 205-c and transmit a TPC request 235 to the first UE 115-a via sidelink channel 230, and a fourth UE 115-d may receive a sidelink transmission via sidelink channel 205-d and transmit a TPC request 250 to the first UE 115-a via sidelink channel 245. As shown, the UEs 115 may be vehicles, where sidelink communications may be via a multicast V2X communication link between the first UE 115-a and the other UEs 115. In some cases, the TPC request is transmitted to the first UE 115-a in response to a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) transmission of the first UE 115-a and can provide relatively fast feedback to the first UE 115-a for transmit power adjustment.

[0098] In some cases, UE 115-a may be referred to as an initiator or transmitter UE 115 that initiates the multicast communication procedure, while the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, and the fourth UE 115-d may be referred to as target or recipient UEs 115. Such sidelink communications may be established according to an established connection procedure, such as over a PC5 connection for sidelink communications, and the associated V2X layer may have a configured transmission profile or transport profile associated with the sidelink communications.

[0099] As discussed herein, the TPC request to the first UE 115-a may provide an indication from each UE 115 as to whether to request a higher or lower transmit power for the first UE 115-a. For example, the second UE 115-b may have previously experienced interference from a blocker 225 that recently moved away from the second UE 115-b (e.g., another vehicle that moved out of the line of sight between the first UE 115-a and the second UE 115-b), which resulted in the second UE 115-b seeing lower interference and, therefore, not requiring as strong a signal from the first UE 115-a. In such a scenario, the second UE 115-b may transmit a TPC-DOWN indication in the TPC request 220. Additionally, in Figure 2, third UE 115-c may be affected by moving blocker 240, causing increased interference between first UE 115-a and third UE 115-c. In such a situation, third UE 115-c may transmit a TPC-UP request in TPC request 235. Additionally, in this example, fourth UE 115-d may be moving away from first UE 115-a, resulting in lower signal strength at fourth UE 115-d, and may provide a TPC-UP request in TPC request 250.

[0100] The first UE 115-a, upon receiving the TPC request, may then determine an adjustment to the transmit power of the sidelink multicast transmission 210. In some cases, where a single beam (e.g., an omnidirectional beam or a relatively wide transmit beam) of the first UE 115-a covers multiple other UEs 115, a majority rule may be used, where the transmit power at the first UE 115-a may be adjusted based on whether more TPC-UP indications or TPC-DOWN indications are received. In other cases, the first UE 115-a may increase the multicast transmit power based on receiving at least one TPC-UP indication, regardless of how many TPC-DOWN indications are received, in order to provide sufficient signal strength for recipient UEs 115 that have worse channel conditions than other recipient UEs 115. In cases where a relatively narrow beam is used that may only cover a single UE 115, the transmit power may be adjusted by the first UE 115-a on a beam-by-beam basis, as will be described with reference to FIG. Figure 5 discussed in more detail.

[0101] In some cases, the transmission of the TPC request may be based on the proximity of the UE 115 to the first UE 115-a. For example, if the distance to the first UE 115-a is Figure 2255 from the first UE 115-a. In some cases, the threshold distance 255 may be based on several factors, such as the type of communication of the sidelink multicast transmission, the speed at which the first UE 115-a is traveling, and the transmit power limit of the first UE 115-a (e.g., the distance associated with reliable communication at the maximum transmit power of the first UE 115-a may be set to the threshold distance 255). In some cases, the threshold distance 255 and the wireless resources for transmitting the TPC request may be provided to the UE 115 in sidelink configuration information that may be provided by the serving base station (e.g., via radio resource control (RRC) signaling). In some cases, if one or more UEs 115 are out of coverage of the base station, the sidelink configuration information may be provided by one or more other sidelink UEs 115. Furthermore, in some cases, the receiving UE 115 may forgo transmitting a TPC request, such as if the UE determines that the received power of the sidelink multicast transmission 210 is sufficient and there are no other receiving UEs 115 nearby, then an increase in transmit power may not have an impact on the UE, and therefore a TPC request may not be transmitted.

[0102] Additionally or alternatively, if it is determined that UE 115 is not a constraint for power adjustment, the receiving UE 115 (such as the second UE 115-b, the third UE 115-c, or the fourth UE 115-d) may discontinue transmitting TPC indications. For example, the second UE 115-b may be relatively close to the first UE 115-a after the blocker 225 moves away, while the fourth UE 115-d is moving away from the first UE 115-a and thus provides a constraint that resists reducing the transmit power at the first UE 115-a. In such a situation, the second UE 115-b may transmit one or more TPC-DOWN indications and measure the received signal strength of the sidelink multicast transmission 210. Based on the signal strength, the second UE 115-b may determine that the transmit power of the first UE 115-a has not been reduced, and therefore the second UE 115-b has not affected the transmit power. Therefore, the second UE 115-b may discontinue transmitting TPC requests, or reduce the frequency of transmitting such requests. In some cases, if a receiving UE 115 sees a random correlation between the measured transmit power and the TPC request, the UE may discontinue or reduce the number of TPC requests sent, while another receiving UE 115 that sees a positive correlation between the TPC request and the transmit power of the first UE 115-a may continue to provide TPC indications.

[0103] In some cases, the TPC request may be transmitted at a power determined by the receiving UE 115 transmitting the TPC request. In some cases, the TPC-UP request may be transmitted at the maximum transmit power of the UE to help ensure that the first UE 115-a receives the TPC-UP request. In some cases, the TPC-DOWN request may be transmitted according to an open-loop power control procedure or at a predetermined transmit power. In some cases, an open-loop power control procedure may be used when the UE is able to estimate the path loss between the receiving UE and the transmitting UE. In some cases, the power control scheme or settings may be provided in the sidelink configuration information from the serving base station or from the other sidelink UE.

[0104] In some cases, the TPC request may be transmitted to the first UE 115-a in sidelink control signaling (e.g., on a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) or PSSCH) (such as in a medium access control (MAC) control element, in an information element provided in uplink control information (UCI), downlink control information (DCI), sidelink control information (SCI), or any combination thereof). In some cases, the radio resources used to transmit the TPC request may be determined based on a per-UE resource assignment, as described with reference to FIG. Figure 3 discussed, or determined based on whether a TPC-UP or TPC-DOWN request is transmitted, as described in reference Figure 4discussed.

[0105] Figure 3 An example of a sidelink communication system 300 that supports power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the sidelink communication system 300 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100 or 200. The sidelink communication system of this example may include a first UE 115-e as a sidelink multicast transmitter UE, and a plurality of sidelink multicast receiver UEs 115 including a second UE 115-f, a third UE 115-g, and a fourth UE 115-h, which may be the UEs described above. Figure 1 and 2 An example of a UE 115 is described. In this example, the UEs 115 may establish a sidelink multicast group in which a first UE 115-e transmits a sidelink multicast transmission 310 to each of the other UEs 115 in the group.

[0106] exist Figure 3 In the example of , each of the second UE 115-f, the third UE 115-g, and the fourth UE 115-h may be provided with non-overlapping or partially overlapping wireless resources (e.g., time / frequency resources) to be used for TPC request transmissions. For example, the second UE 115-f may receive the sidelink multicast transmission 310 via the sidelink channel 305-f and may transmit a TPC request to the first UE 115-e via the sidelink channel 315 using the TPC resources 320-f. Similarly, the third UE 115-g may receive the sidelink transmission via the sidelink channel 305-g and transmit a TPC request to the first UE 115-e via the sidelink channel 330 using the TPC resources 320-g, and the fourth UE 115-h may receive the sidelink transmission via the sidelink channel 305-h and transmit a TPC request to the first UE 115-e via the sidelink channel 345 using the TPC resources 320-h.

[0107] In this example, the TPC resources 320 allocated to each UE 115 can be time resources, although different frequency resources or a combination of time / frequency resources can also be used for TPC request transmissions. Thus, the second UE 115-f, the third UE 115-g, and the fourth UE 115-h can use the associated TPC resources 320 for TPC request transmissions, which can be transmitted to the first UE 115-e in response to the PSSCH. The different radio resource allocations can provide a higher probability of successfully receiving the TPC request at the first UE 115-e than when shared resources are used (e.g., due to TPC request interference from neighboring UEs 115 and more distant UEs 115). The first UE 115-e can monitor these individual resources for TPC commands and, for example, refer to Figure 2 The discussed method adjusts its transmit power based on the received TPC information. In other examples, different wireless resources can be allocated for different TPC requests, such as reference Figure 4 discussed.

[0108] Figure 4 An example of a sidelink communication system 400 that supports power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the sidelink communication system 400 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100 or 200. The sidelink communication system of this example may include a first UE 115-i as a sidelink multicast transmitter UE, and a plurality of sidelink multicast receiver UEs 115 including a second UE 115-j, a third UE 115-k, and a fourth UE 115-l, which may be the UEs described above. Figure 1 and 2 An example of a UE 115 is described. In this example, the UEs 115 may establish a sidelink multicast group in which a first UE 115-i transmits a sidelink multicast transmission 410 to each of the other UEs 115 in the group.

[0109] exist Figure 4In the example of , a first set of wireless resources 420-a for transmitting a TPC-UP request and a second set of wireless resources 420-b for transmitting a TPC-DOWN request can be provided to each of the second UE 115-j, the third UE 115-k, and the fourth UE 115-l. For example, the second UE 115-j can receive the sidelink multicast transmission 410 via the sidelink channel 405-j and can determine to transmit a TPC-DOWN request due to the blocker 425 moving out of the line of sight between the first UE 115-i and the second UE 115-j, which can be transmitted to the first UE 115-i via the sidelink channel 415 using the second set of wireless resources 420-b. Similarly, third UE 115-k may receive the sidelink transmission via sidelink channel 405-k and may transmit a TPC-UP request to first UE 115-i via sidelink channel 430 using first set of wireless resources 420-a due to increased interference at third UE 115-k due to block 440. Additionally, fourth UE 115-1 may receive the sidelink transmission via sidelink channel 405-1 and transmit a TPC-UP request to first UE 115-i via sidelink channel 445 using first set of wireless resources 420-a.

[0110] In this example, the first set of wireless resources 420-a and the second set of wireless resources 420-b can be time resources, although different frequency resources or a combination of time / frequency resources can also be used. In some cases, different scrambling codes or different resources within TPC-UP resources or TPC-DOWN resources can be provided to each UE to avoid conflicts in situations where multiple UEs can transmit. In some cases, the TPC-UP resources can be selected so that interference from transmissions using TPC-DOWN resources is less likely to occur, which can be beneficial due to the likelihood that transmissions using TPC-DOWN resources have a higher received signal strength at the first UE 115-i (e.g., because the UE transmitting TPC-DOWN is more likely to be relatively close to the first UE 115-i). The first UE 115-i can monitor different resource sets for TPC commands and, for example, refer to Figure 2 The approach discussed adjusts its transmit power based on received TPC information.

[0111] Figure 5An example of a sidelink communication system 500 that supports power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the sidelink communication system 500 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100 or 200. The sidelink communication system of this example may include a first UE 115-m as a sidelink multicast transmitter UE, and a plurality of sidelink multicast receiver UEs 115 including a second UE 115-n, a third UE 115-o, and a fourth UE 115-p, which may be the UEs described above. Figure 1 and 2 An example of a UE 115 is described. In this example, the UEs 115 may establish a sidelink multicast group in which a first UE 115-m transmits a sidelink multicast transmission to each of the other UEs 115 in the group.

[0112] exist Figure 5 In an example of , each of the second UE 115-n, the third UE 115-o, and the fourth UE 115-p may use a different beam to communicate with the first UE 115-m. For example, the first UE 115-m and the second UE 115-n may communicate using the first beam 505, the first UE 115-m and the third UE 115-o may communicate using the second beam 510, and the first UE 115-m and the fourth UE 115-p may communicate using the third beam 515. In such an example of using different transmit beams, the first UE 115-m may apply individual TPC commands to individual beams based on the association between the beams and the receiving UE 115 and the TPC request resources for each beam. The first UE 115-m may adjust the transmit power individually on a per-beam basis based on the associated TPC. In some cases, multiple UEs may communicate using one of these beams, in which case the different TPC resources may be used, such as with reference to the TPC request resource. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As discussed above, the first UE 115-m may monitor different resources for TPC commands and, based on received TPC information (e.g., using a reference Figure 2 The technology discussed) to adjust its transmit power.

[0113] Figure 6 A block diagram 600 illustrates a device 605 that supports power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of the UE 115 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a communication manager 615, and a transmitter 620. The device 605 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0114] The receiver 610 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to power control instructions in multicast sidelink communications). The information may be passed to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may be a reference Figure 6 Examples of aspects of the described transceiver 620. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0115] In some cases, the communication manager 615 may identify a first wireless resource set for transmitting a first transmit power control indication from a first UE to a multicast transmitter of a device-to-device side link communication, wherein the device-to-device side link communication is to a UE group including the first UE, and wherein the first wireless resource set includes resources that are different from other wireless resource sets used by other UEs in the UE group to provide associated transmit power control indications to the multicast transmitter; determine the first transmit power control indication based on a measured signal strength of the device-to-device side link communication from the multicast transmitter; and transmit the first transmit power control indication to the multicast transmitter via the first wireless resource set.

[0116] In some cases, the communication manager 615 may further identify a first wireless resource set for indicating a power-up transmit power control request to a multicast transmitter of device-to-device side link communications and a second wireless resource set for indicating a power-down transmit power control request to the multicast transmitter, wherein the first wireless resource set is different from the second wireless resource set; select which of the first wireless resource set or the second wireless resource set is to be used for transmitting the first transmit power control indication based on the determination; determine which of the power-up transmit power control request or the power-down transmit power control request to indicate to the multicast transmitter based on a measured signal strength of device-to-device side link communications from the multicast transmitter; and transmit the first transmit power control indication to the multicast transmitter via the selected wireless resource set. The communication manager 615 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 610 as described herein.

[0117] The communication manager 615 or its subcomponents may be implemented in hardware, in code executed by a processor (e.g., software or firmware), or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communication manager 615 or its subcomponents may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device designed to perform the functions described in this disclosure, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof.

[0118] The communication manager 615 or its subcomponents can be physically located at various locations, including being distributed such that portions of the functionality are implemented by one or more physical components at different physical locations. In some examples, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, the communication manager 615 or its subcomponents can be separate and distinct components. In some examples, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, the communication manager 615 or its subcomponents can be combined with one or more other hardware components (including, but not limited to, input / output (I / O) components, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof).

[0119] The actions performed by the communication manager 615 as described herein can be implemented to achieve one or more potential advantages. Implementations described herein can provide improved quality of service and reliability at the UE 115 because, by adjusting transmit power, the sidelink multicast transmitting UE can provide communications with a higher likelihood of successful reception at the receiving UE when using a transmit power based on current channel conditions.

[0120] The transmitter 620 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 605. In some examples, the transmitter 620 may be co-located with the receiver 610 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 620 may be a reference Figure 6 Examples of aspects of the described transceiver 620. The transmitter 620 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0121] Figure 7 A block diagram 700 of a device 705 supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 705 can be an example of aspects of a device 705 or UE 115 as described herein. The device 705 can include a receiver 710, a communication manager 715, and a transmitter 735. The device 705 can also include a processor. Each of these components can be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0122] The receiver 710 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to power control instructions in multicast sidelink communications). The information may be passed to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may be a reference Figure 7 Examples of aspects of the described transceiver 720. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0123] The communication manager 715 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 715 as described herein. The communication manager 715 may include a multicast resource manager 720, a TPC manager 725, and a sidelink transmission manager 730. The communication manager 715 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 710 as described herein.

[0124] In some cases, the multicast resource manager 720 may identify a first set of wireless resources for transmitting a first transmission power control indication from a first UE to a multicast transmitter of a device-to-device sidelink communication, wherein the device-to-device sidelink communication is directed to a UE group including the first UE, and wherein the first set of wireless resources includes resources that are different from other sets of wireless resources used by other UEs in the UE group to provide associated transmission power control indications to the multicast transmitter. The TPC manager 725 may determine the first transmission power control indication based on a measured signal strength of the device-to-device sidelink communication from the multicast transmitter. The sidelink transmission manager 730 may transmit the first transmission power control indication to the multicast transmitter via the first set of wireless resources.

[0125] In some cases, the multicast resource manager 720 may identify a first wireless resource set for indicating a power-up TPC request to a multicast transmitter of a device-to-device sidelink communication and a second wireless resource set for indicating a power-down TPC request to the multicast transmitter, wherein the first wireless resource set is different from the second wireless resource set; and based on the determination, select which of the first wireless resource set or the second wireless resource set will be used to transmit the first TPC indication. The TPC manager 725 may determine which of the power-up TPC request or the power-down TPC request to indicate to the multicast transmitter based on the measured signal strength of the device-to-device sidelink communication from the multicast transmitter. The sidelink transmission manager 730 may transmit the first TPC indication to the multicast transmitter via the selected wireless resource set.

[0126] The transmitter 735 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 705. In some examples, the transmitter 735 may be co-located with the receiver 710 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 735 may be a reference Figure 7 Examples of aspects of the described transceiver 720. The transmitter 735 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0127] Figure 8A block diagram 800 is shown of a communication manager 805 that supports power control indication in multicast sidelink communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The communication manager 805 can be an example of aspects of the communication manager 615, the communication manager 715, or the communication manager 910 described herein. The communication manager 805 can include a multicast resource manager 810, a TPC manager 815, a sidelink transmission manager 820, a proximity manager 825, a beam manager 830, and a power control manager 835. Each of these modules can communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0128] The multicast resource manager 810 may identify a first set of wireless resources for transmitting a first transmit power control indication from a first UE to a multicast transmitter of a device-to-device side link communication, wherein the device-to-device side link communication is to a UE group including the first UE, and wherein the first set of wireless resources includes resources that are different from other sets of wireless resources used by other UEs in the UE group to provide associated transmit power control indications to the multicast transmitter. In some examples, the multicast resource manager 810 may receive an indication of the first set of wireless resources from one or more of a base station serving the multicast transmitter and the first UE, the multicast transmitter, another UE in the UE group, or any combination thereof.

[0129] In some examples, the multicast resource manager 810 may identify a first wireless resource set for indicating a power-up transmit power control request to a multicast transmitter of a device-to-device side link communication and a second wireless resource set for indicating a power-down transmit power control request to the multicast transmitter, wherein the first wireless resource set is different from the second wireless resource set. In some examples, the multicast resource manager 810 may select which of the first wireless resource set or the second wireless resource set to be used to transmit the first transmit power control indication based on the determination. In some examples, the multicast resource manager 810 may receive indications of the first wireless resource set and the second wireless resource set from one or more of a base station serving the multicast transmitter and the first UE, the multicast transmitter, another UE in the UE group that receives the device-to-device side link communication from the multicast transmitter, or any combination thereof.

[0130] In some examples, the multicast resource manager 810 may determine to subscribe to the multicast transmission of the multicast transmitter before identifying the first set of wireless resources, and wherein identifying the first set of wireless resources is performed in response to subscribing to the multicast transmission of the multicast transmitter. In some cases, the multicast transmitter communicates using an omnidirectional beam, and wherein the first set of wireless resources includes a first set of time resources, a first set of frequency resources, or a combination thereof.

[0131] The TPC manager 815 may determine a first transmit power control indication based on a measured signal strength of the device-to-device link communication from the multicast transmitter. In some examples, the TPC manager 815 may determine whether to indicate a power-up transmit power control request or a power-down transmit power control request to the multicast transmitter based on the measured signal strength of the device-to-device link communication from the multicast transmitter.

[0132] In some examples, the TPC manager 815 may determine that one or more other UEs in the UE group are causing a transmit power adjustment by the multicast transmitter. In some examples, the TPC manager 815 may discontinue transmitting the first transmit power control indication based on determining that one or more other UEs in the UE group are causing a transmit power adjustment by the multicast transmitter.

[0133] In some examples, the TPC manager 815 may transmit one or more power down indications to the multicast transmitter. In some examples, the TPC manager 815 may determine that the multicast transmitter maintained or increased transmit power after the one or more power down indications. In some examples, the TPC manager 815 may discontinue transmitting the first transmit power control indication based on determining that one or more other UEs in the UE group are causing the multicast transmitter to adjust its transmit power.

[0134] In some examples, the TPC manager 815 can set the transmit power of the first transmit power control indicator based on which of the first set of wireless resources or the second set of wireless resources is selected. In some cases, determining the first transmit power control indicator is performed in response to a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) transmission of the multicast transmitter.

[0135] The sidelink transmission manager 820 may transmit a first transmission power control indication to the multicast transmitter via a first set of wireless resources.

[0136] The proximity manager 825 may determine a distance between the multicast transmitter and the first UE. In some examples, the proximity manager 825 may interrupt determining and transmitting the first transmit power control indication based on the distance exceeding a threshold distance value. In some examples, the proximity manager 825 may opportunistically monitor for multicast transmissions of the multicast transmitter after the interruption. In some examples, the proximity manager 825 may determine that the distance between the multicast transmitter and the first UE is less than a threshold distance value after the interruption. In some examples, the proximity manager 825 may resume determining and transmitting the first transmit power control indication based on the distance being less than the threshold distance value.

[0137] The beam manager 830 may manage one or more transmission beams of the UE.In some cases, the first set of wireless resources is associated with a first beam in a beam set used by the multicast transmitter for multicast communication.

[0138] The power control manager 835 may set the transmit power of the first transmit power control indication to the maximum transmit power of the first UE based on the first transmit power control indication requesting a higher transmit power at the multicast transmission side. In some examples, the power control manager 835 may determine that a lower transmit power at the multicast transmission side will be requested by the first UE. In some examples, the power control manager 835 may set the transmit power of the first transmit power control indication according to an open-loop power control procedure or according to a preconfigured transmit power in response to determining that a lower transmit power is requested.

[0139] Figure 9 A diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 for supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. Device 905 can be an example of, or include components of, device 605, device 705, or UE 115 as described herein. Device 905 can include components for two-way voice and data communications, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a communication manager 910, an I / O controller 915, a transceiver 920, an antenna 925, a memory 930, and a processor 940. These components can be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 945).

[0140] In some cases, the communication manager 910 may identify a first wireless resource set for transmitting a first transmit power control indication from a first UE to a multicast transmitter of a device-to-device side link communication, wherein the device-to-device side link communication is directed to a UE group including the first UE, and wherein the first wireless resource set includes resources that are different from other wireless resource sets used by other UEs in the UE group to provide associated transmit power control indications to the multicast transmitter; determine the first transmit power control indication based on a measured signal strength of the device-to-device side link communication from the multicast transmitter; and transmit the first transmit power control indication to the multicast transmitter via the first wireless resource set.

[0141] In some cases, the communication manager 910 may also identify a first wireless resource set for indicating a power-up transmit power control request to a multicast transmitter of a device-to-device side link communication and a second wireless resource set for indicating a power-down transmit power control request to the multicast transmitter, wherein the first wireless resource set is different from the second wireless resource set; based on the determination, select which of the first wireless resource set or the second wireless resource set will be used to transmit the first transmit power control indication; determine which of the power-up transmit power control request or the power-down transmit power control request to indicate to the multicast transmitter based on the measured signal strength of the device-to-device side link communication from the multicast transmitter; and transmit the first transmit power control indication to the multicast transmitter via the selected wireless resource set.

[0142] I / O controller 915 can manage input and output signals for device 905. I / O controller 915 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into device 905. In some cases, I / O controller 915 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 915 can utilize an operating system, such as or another known operating system. In other cases, I / O controller 915 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or similar device. In some cases, I / O controller 915 may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user may interact with device 905 via I / O controller 915 or via hardware components controlled by I / O controller 915.

[0143] The transceiver 920 can communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas, wired or wireless links, as described above. For example, the transceiver 920 can represent a wireless transceiver and can communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 920 can also include a modem to modulate packets and provide the modulated packets to the antenna for transmission, and demodulate packets received from the antenna.

[0144] In some cases, a wireless device may include a single antenna 925. However, in some cases, the device may have more than one antenna 925, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions concurrently.

[0145] The memory 930 may include RAM and ROM. The memory 930 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 935 including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform the various functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 930 may include, among other things, a BIOS that may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0146] The processor 940 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 940 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 940. The processor 940 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 930) to cause the device 905 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications).

[0147] By adjusting transmit power relatively quickly, UE 115 can provide communications with a higher likelihood of successful reception. In this way, if communications must be provided again, processor 940 can save power by reducing the ramp-up of processing power.

[0148] The code 935 may include instructions for implementing various aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions for supporting wireless communications. The code 935 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as system memory or other types of memory. In some cases, the code 935 may not be directly executed by the processor 940, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein.

[0149] Figure 10 A block diagram 1000 is shown of a device 1005 supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 can be an example of aspects of a UE 115 or a base station 105 as described herein. The device 1005 can include a receiver 1010, a communication manager 1015, and a transmitter 1020. The device 1005 can also include a processor. Each of these components can be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0150] The receiver 1010 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to power control instructions in multicast sidelink communications). The information may be passed to other components of the device 1005. The receiver 1010 may be a reference Figure 13 and Figure 14 Examples of aspects of the described transceiver 1320 or 1420. The receiver 1010 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0151] The communications manager 1015 may identify a plurality of different sets of radio resources for providing transmit power control indications from the group of recipient UEs to the multicast transmitting UE, each set of radio resources being associated with a different recipient UE in the group of recipient UEs that receives the device-to-device side link multicast transmission of the multicast transmitting UE; monitor the plurality of different sets of radio resources for one or more transmit power control indications from one or more recipient UEs in the group of recipient UEs; determine a transmit power adjustment for the multicast transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indications; and transmit the multicast transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment.

[0152] The communication manager 1015 may also identify a first wireless resource set for receiving one or more power-up transmit power control requests from one or more recipient UEs receiving a device-to-device side link multicast transmission of a multicast transmitter UE and a second wireless resource set for receiving one or more power-down transmit power control requests from the one or more recipient UEs, wherein the first wireless resource set is different from the second wireless resource set; monitor the first wireless resource set and the second wireless resource set for one or more transmit power control indications from the one or more recipient UEs; determine a transmit power adjustment for the multicast transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indications; and transmit the multicast transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment. The communication manager 1015 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1310 or 1410 as described herein.

[0153] The communication manager 1015 or its subcomponents may be implemented in hardware, in code executed by a processor (e.g., software or firmware), or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communication manager 1015 or its subcomponents may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an FPGA or other programmable logic device designed to perform the functions described in this disclosure, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof.

[0154] The communication manager 1015 or its subcomponents can be physically located at various locations, including being distributed such that portions of functionality are implemented by one or more physical components at different physical locations. In some examples, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, the communication manager 1015 or its subcomponents can be separate and distinct components. In some examples, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, the communication manager 1015 or its subcomponents can be combined with one or more other hardware components (including, but not limited to, input / output (I / O) components, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof).

[0155] The actions performed by the communication manager 615 as described herein can be implemented to achieve one or more potential advantages. Implementations described herein can provide improved quality of service and reliability at the base station 105 because communications have a higher probability of being successfully received when using a transmit power based on current channel conditions.

[0156] The transmitter 1020 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 1005. In some examples, the transmitter 1020 may be co-located with the receiver 1010 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 1020 may be a transceiver module as described in reference to FIG. Figure 13 and Figure 14 Examples of aspects of the described transceiver 1320 or 1420. The transmitter 1020 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0157] Figure 11 A block diagram 1100 is shown of a device 1105 that supports power control indication in multicast sidelink communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1105 may be an example of aspects of the device 1005, UE 115, or base station 105 as described herein. The device 1105 may include a receiver 1110, a communication manager 1115, and a transmitter 1135. The device 1105 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0158] The receiver 1110 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to power control instructions in multicast sidelink communications). The information may be passed to other components of the device 1105. The receiver 1110 may be a device such as a reference device. Figure 13 and Figure 14 Examples of aspects of the described transceiver 1320 or 1420. The receiver 1110 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0159] The communication manager 1115 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1015 as described herein. The communication manager 1115 may include a multicast resource manager 1120, a TPC manager 1125, and a sidelink transmission manager 1130. The communication manager 1115 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1310 or 1410 as described herein.

[0160] In some cases, the multicast resource manager 1120 may identify several different sets of radio resources for providing transmit power control indications from the group of recipient UEs to the multicast transmitting UE, each set of radio resources being associated with a different recipient UE in the group of recipient UEs receiving the device-to-device sidelink multicast transmission from the multicast transmitting UE. The TPC manager 1125 may monitor the several different sets of radio resources for one or more transmit power control indications from one or more recipient UEs in the group of recipient UEs and determine a transmit power adjustment for the multicast transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indications. The sidelink transmission manager 1130 may transmit the multicast transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment.

[0161] In some cases, the multicast resource manager 1120 may identify a first set of wireless resources for receiving one or more power-up transmit power control requests from one or more recipient UEs receiving a multicast transmitting UE, and a second set of wireless resources for receiving one or more power-down transmit power control requests from the one or more recipient UEs, wherein the first set of wireless resources is different from the second set of wireless resources. The TPC manager 1125 may monitor the first set of wireless resources and the second set of wireless resources for one or more transmit power control indications from the one or more recipient UEs, and determine a transmit power adjustment for the multicast transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indications. The sidelink transmission manager 1130 may transmit the multicast transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment.

[0162] The transmitter 1135 can transmit signals generated by other components of the device 1105. In some examples, the transmitter 1135 can be co-located with the receiver 1110 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 1135 can be a transceiver module including Figure 13 and Figure 14 Examples of aspects of the described transceiver 1320 or 1420. The transmitter 1135 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0163] Figure 12 A block diagram 1200 is shown of a communication manager 1205 that supports power control indication in multicast sidelink communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The communication manager 1205 can be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1015, the communication manager 1115, or the communication manager 1310 described herein. The communication manager 1205 can include a multicast resource manager 1210, a TPC manager 1215, a sidelink transmission manager 1220, and a beam manager 1225. Each of these modules can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0164] The multicast resource manager 1210 may identify a plurality of different sets of radio resources for providing transmit power control indications from the group of recipient UEs to the multicast transmitter UE, each set of radio resources being associated with a different recipient UE in the group of recipient UEs receiving a device-to-device sidelink multicast transmission from the multicast transmitter UE. In some examples, the multicast resource manager 1210 may receive indications of the plurality of different sets of radio resources from one or more of a base station serving the multicast transmitter, another UE in the group of UEs, or any combination thereof.

[0165] In some examples, the multicast resource manager 1210 may identify a first wireless resource set for receiving one or more power-up transmit power control requests from one or more receiving UEs receiving a device-to-device side link multicast transmission of a multicast transmitter UE and a second wireless resource set for receiving one or more power-down transmit power control requests from the one or more receiving UEs, wherein the first wireless resource set is different from the second wireless resource set.

[0166] The TPC manager 1215 may monitor the plurality of different radio resource sets for one or more transmit power control indicators from one or more recipient UEs in the group of recipient UEs. In some examples, the TPC manager 1215 may determine a transmit power adjustment for the multicast transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indicators. In some examples, the TPC manager 1215 may monitor the first radio resource set and the second radio resource set for one or more transmit power control indicators from the one or more recipient UEs.

[0167] In some examples, the TPC manager 1215 may determine to decrease the transmit power of the multicast transmission based on receiving more power control down indications than power control up indications. In some examples, the TPC manager 1215 may determine to increase the transmit power of the multicast transmission based on receiving more power control up indications than power control down indications. In some examples, the TPC manager 1215 may determine to decrease the transmit power of the multicast transmission based on receiving one or more transmit power control down indications in one or more transmit power control indications in the absence of any transmit power control up indications.

[0168] The sidelink transmission manager 1220 may transmit the multicast transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment.

[0169] The beam manager 1225 may determine to decrease the transmit power of the first beam for multicast transmission based on receiving one or more transmit power control down indications in one or more transmit power control indications associated with the first beam in the absence of any transmit power control up indication associated with the first beam. In some examples, the beam manager 1225 may determine to increase the transmit power of the first beam for multicast transmission based on receiving at least one transmit power control up indication associated with the first beam. In some cases, the first set of wireless resources and the second set of wireless resources are identified for each beam used for multicast transmission.

[0170] Figure 13 A diagram of a system 1300 including a device 1305 supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1305 can be an example of, or include a component of, the device 1005, device 1105, or UE 115 as described herein. The device 1305 can include components for two-way voice and data communications, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a communication manager 1310, a transceiver 1320, an antenna 1325, a memory 1330, a processor 1340, and an I / O controller 1315. These components can be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1345).

[0171] The communication manager 1310 can identify several different wireless resource sets for providing transmit power control indications from a group of receiving UEs to a multicast transmitting UE, each wireless resource set being associated with a different receiving UE in a group of receiving UEs that receives a device-to-device side link multicast transmission of the multicast transmitting UE; monitor the several different wireless resource sets for one or more transmit power control indications from one or more receiving UEs in the group of receiving UEs; determine a transmit power adjustment for the multicast transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indications; and transmit the multicast transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment.

[0172] The communication manager 1310 may also identify a first wireless resource set for receiving one or more power-up transmit power control requests from one or more receiving UEs of a device-to-device side link multicast transmission receiving a multicast transmitting UE, and a second wireless resource set for receiving one or more power-down transmit power control requests from the one or more receiving UEs, wherein the first wireless resource set is different from the second wireless resource set; monitor the first wireless resource set and the second wireless resource set for one or more transmit power control indications from the one or more receiving UEs; determine a transmit power adjustment for the multicast transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indications; and transmit the multicast transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment.

[0173] The transceiver 1320 can communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas, wired or wireless links, as described above. For example, the transceiver 1320 can represent a wireless transceiver and can communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1320 can also include a modem to modulate packets and provide the modulated packets to the antenna for transmission, and demodulate packets received from the antenna.

[0174] In some cases, a wireless device may include a single antenna 1325. However, in some cases, the device may have more than one antenna 1325, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions concurrently.

[0175] Memory 1330 may include RAM, ROM, or a combination thereof. Memory 1330 may store computer-readable code 1335 including instructions that, when executed by a processor (e.g., processor 1340), cause the device to perform the various functions described herein. In some cases, memory 1330 may include, among other things, a BIOS that controls basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0176] Processor 1340 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 1340 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 1340. Processor 1340 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1330) to cause device 1305 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications).

[0177] By adjusting the transmit power relatively quickly, the base station 105 can provide communications with a higher probability of successful reception. In this way, if communications must be provided again, the processor 1340 can save power by reducing the ramp-up of processing power.

[0178] I / O controller 1315 can manage input and output signals for device 1305. I / O controller 1315 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into device 1305. In some cases, I / O controller 1315 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 1315 can utilize an operating system, such as or another known operating system. In other cases, I / O controller 1315 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or similar device. In some cases, I / O controller 1315 may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user may interact with device 1305 via I / O controller 1315 or via hardware components controlled by I / O controller 1315.

[0179] The code 1335 may include instructions for implementing various aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions for supporting wireless communications. The code 1335 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as system memory or other types of memory. In some cases, the code 1335 may not be directly executed by the processor 1340, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein.

[0180] Figure 14 A diagram of a system 1400 including a device 1405 for supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. Device 1405 may be an example of, or include components of, device 1005, device 1105, or base station 105 as described herein. Device 1405 may include components for two-way voice and data communications, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a communications manager 1410, a network communications manager 1450, a transceiver 1420, an antenna 1425, a memory 1430, a processor 1440, and an inter-station communications manager 1455. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1445).

[0181] The communication manager 1410 can identify several different wireless resource sets for providing transmit power control indications from a group of receiving UEs to a multicast transmitting UE, each wireless resource set being associated with a different receiving UE in a group of receiving UEs that receives a device-to-device side link multicast transmission of the multicast transmitting UE; monitor the several different wireless resource sets for one or more transmit power control indications from one or more receiving UEs in the group of receiving UEs; determine a transmit power adjustment for the multicast transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indications; and transmit the multicast transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment.

[0182] The communication manager 1410 may also identify a first wireless resource set for receiving one or more power-up transmit power control requests from one or more receiving UEs of a device-to-device side link multicast transmission receiving a multicast transmitter UE, and a second wireless resource set for receiving one or more power-down transmit power control requests from the one or more receiving UEs, wherein the first wireless resource set is different from the second wireless resource set; monitor the first wireless resource set and the second wireless resource set for one or more transmit power control indications from the one or more receiving UEs; determine a transmit power adjustment for the multicast transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indications; and transmit the multicast transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment.

[0183] The network communications manager 1450 may manage communications with the core network (eg, via one or more wired backhaul links). For example, the network communications manager 1450 may manage the delivery of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115.

[0184] The transceiver 1420 can communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas, wired or wireless links, as described above. For example, the transceiver 1420 can represent a wireless transceiver and can communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1420 can also include a modem to modulate packets and provide the modulated packets to the antenna for transmission, and demodulate packets received from the antenna.

[0185] In some cases, a wireless device may include a single antenna 1425. However, in some cases, the device may have more than one antenna 1425, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions concurrently.

[0186] Memory 1430 may include RAM, ROM, or a combination thereof. Memory 1430 may store computer-readable code 1435 including instructions that, when executed by a processor (e.g., processor 1440), cause the device to perform the various functions described herein. In some cases, memory 1430 may include, among other things, a BIOS that controls basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0187] Processor 1440 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 1440 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 1440. Processor 1440 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1430) to cause device 1405 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications).

[0188] The inter-site communication manager 1455 can manage communications with other base stations 105 and can include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with the UE 115 in coordination with the other base stations 105. For example, the inter-site communication manager 1455 can coordinate the scheduling of transmissions to the UE 115 for various interference mitigation techniques, such as beamforming or joint transmission. In some examples, the inter-site communication manager 1455 can provide an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communications between the base stations 105.

[0189] The code 1435 may include instructions for implementing various aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions for supporting wireless communications. The code 1435 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as system memory or other types of memory. In some cases, the code 1435 may not be directly executed by the processor 1440, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein.

[0190] Figure 15 A flow chart illustrating a method 1500 for supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by the UE 115 or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by the UE 115 or components thereof as described herein. Figures 6 to 9In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the following functions.

[0191] At 1505, the UE may identify a first set of wireless resources for transmitting a first transmit power control indication from a first UE to a multicast transmitter of a device-to-device side link communication, wherein the device-to-device side link communication is to a UE group including the first UE, and wherein the first set of wireless resources includes resources that are different from other sets of wireless resources used by other UEs in the UE group to provide associated transmit power control indications to the multicast transmitter. The operations of 1505 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 6 to 9 Additionally or alternatively, means for performing 1505 may (but not necessarily) include, for example, antenna 925, transceiver 920, communication manager 910, memory 930 (including code 935), processor 940, and / or bus 945.

[0192] At 1510, the UE may determine a first transmission power control indication based on a measured signal strength of the device-to-device side link communication from the multicast transmitter. The operations of 1510 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be as described in reference to Figures 6 to 9 Additionally or alternatively, means for performing 1510 may (but not necessarily) include, for example, the communications manager 910, the memory 930 (including code 935), the processor 940, and / or the bus 945.

[0193] At 1515, the UE may transmit a first transmission power control indication to the multicast transmitter via the first set of radio resources. The operations of 1515 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, various aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed as described in reference to Figures 6 to 9 Additionally or alternatively, the means for performing 1515 may (but not necessarily) include, for example, an antenna 925, a transceiver 920, a communication manager 910, a memory 930 (including code 935), a processor 940, and / or a bus 945.

[0194] Figure 16 A flow chart illustrating a method 1600 for supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by the UE 115 or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by the UE 115 or components thereof as described herein. Figures 6 to 9In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the following functions.

[0195] At 1605, the UE may identify a first set of wireless resources for transmitting a first transmission power control indication from a first UE to a multicast transmission party of a device-to-device side link communication, wherein the device-to-device side link communication is to a UE group including the first UE, and wherein the first set of wireless resources includes resources that are different from other sets of wireless resources used by other UEs in the UE group to provide associated transmission power control indications to the multicast transmission party. The operations of 1605 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 6 to 9 The multicast resource manager described is implemented.

[0196] At 1610, the UE may determine a first transmission power control indication based on a measured signal strength of the device-to-device side link communication from the multicast transmitter. The operations of 1610 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be as described in reference to Figures 6 to 9 The TPC manager described is executed.

[0197] At 1615, the UE may transmit a first transmission power control indication to the multicast transmitter via the first set of radio resources. The operations of 1615 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, various aspects of the operations of 1615 may be performed as described in reference to Figures 6 to 9 The sidelink transmission manager described is used to perform.

[0198] At 1620, the UE may determine a distance between the multicast transmitter and the first UE. The operations of 1620 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1620 may be performed as described in reference to Figures 6 to 9 The described proximity manager is implemented.

[0199] At 1625, the UE may discontinue determining and transmitting the first transmit power control indication based on the distance exceeding the threshold distance value. The operations of 1625 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1625 may be as described in reference to Figures 6 to 9 The described proximity manager is implemented.

[0200] At 1630, the UE may opportunistically monitor for the multicast transmission of the multicast transmitter after the interruption. The operations of 1630 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1630 may be performed as described in reference to Figures 6 to 9The described proximity manager is implemented.

[0201] Optionally, at 1635, the UE may determine that the distance between the multicast transmitter and the first UE is less than a threshold distance value after the interruption. The operation of 1635 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, various aspects of the operation of 1635 may be performed as described in reference to Figures 6 to 9 The described proximity manager is implemented.

[0202] Optionally, at 1640, the UE may resume determining and transmitting the first transmit power control indication based on the distance being less than the threshold distance value. The operations of 1640 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1640 may be as described in reference to Figures 6 to 9 The described proximity manager is implemented.

[0203] Figure 17 A flow chart illustrating a method 1700 for supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by the UE 115 or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by the UE 115 or components thereof as described herein. Figures 6 to 9 In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the following functions.

[0204] At 1705, the UE may identify a first set of wireless resources for transmitting a first transmission power control indication from a first UE to a multicast transmitter of a device-to-device side link communication, wherein the device-to-device side link communication is to a UE group including the first UE, and wherein the first set of wireless resources includes resources that are different from other sets of wireless resources used by other UEs in the UE group to provide associated transmission power control indications to the multicast transmitter. The operations of 1705 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 6 to 9 The multicast resource manager described is implemented.

[0205] At 1710, the UE may determine a first transmission power control indication based on a measured signal strength of a device-to-device side link communication from the multicast transmitter. The operations of 1710 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed as described in reference to Figures 6 to 9 The TPC manager described is executed.

[0206] At 1715, the UE may transmit a first transmission power control indication to the multicast transmitter via the first set of radio resources. The operations of 1715 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, various aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed as described in reference to Figures 6 to 9 The sidelink transmission manager described is used to perform.

[0207] At 1720, the UE may determine that one or more other UEs in the UE group are causing the multicast transmitter to adjust its transmit power. The operations of 1720 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1720 may be performed as described in reference to Figures 6 to 9 The TPC manager described is executed.

[0208] At 1725, the UE may interrupt transmission of the first transmit power control indication based on determining that one or more other UEs in the UE group are causing the transmit power adjustment of the multicast transmitter. The operations of 1725 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1725 may be performed as described in reference to Figures 6 to 9 The TPC manager described is executed.

[0209] Figure 18 18. A flow chart illustrating a method 1800 for supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by the UE 115 or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by the UE 115 or components thereof as described herein. Figures 6 to 9 In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the following functions.

[0210] At 1805, the UE may identify a first wireless resource set for indicating a power-up transmit power control request to a multicast transmission party of a device-to-device side link communication and a second wireless resource set for indicating a power-down transmit power control request to the multicast transmission party, wherein the first wireless resource set is different from the second wireless resource set. The operations of 1805 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1805 may be performed as described in reference to Figures 6 to 9 Additionally or alternatively, means for performing 1805 may (but not necessarily) include, for example, antenna 925, transceiver 920, communication manager 910, memory 930 (including code 935), processor 940, and / or bus 945.

[0211] At 1810, the UE may determine whether to indicate a power-up transmit power control request or a power-down transmit power control request to the multicast transmitter based on the measured signal strength of the device-to-device side link communication from the multicast transmitter. The operations of 1810 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1810 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 6 to 9 Additionally or alternatively, means for performing 1810 may (but not necessarily) include, for example, the communications manager 910, the memory 930 (including code 935), the processor 940, and / or the bus 945.

[0212] At 1815, the UE may select which of the first set of wireless resources or the second set of wireless resources to use for transmitting the first transmit power control indication based on the determination. The operations of 1815 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1815 may be as described in reference to Figures 6 to 9 Additionally or alternatively, means for executing 1815 may (but not necessarily) include, for example, the communication manager 910, the memory 930 (including the code 935), the processor 940, and / or the bus 945.

[0213] At 1820, the UE may transmit a first transmission power control indication to the multicast transmitter via the selected wireless resource set. The operation of 1820 may be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, various aspects of the operation of 1820 may be performed as described in reference to Figures 6 to 9 Additionally or alternatively, the means for performing 1820 may (but not necessarily) include, for example, an antenna 925, a transceiver 920, a communication manager 910, a memory 930 (including code 935), a processor 940, and / or a bus 945.

[0214] Figure 19 A flow chart illustrating a method 1900 for supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by a UE 115 or a base station 105 or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by a UE 115 or a base station 105 as described herein. Figures 10 to 14 In some examples, the sidelink UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the following functions.

[0215] At 1905, the UE may identify a plurality of different sets of radio resources for providing transmit power control indications from a group of receiving UEs to a multicast transmitting UE, each set of radio resources being associated with a different receiving UE in a group of receiving UEs that receives a device-to-device side link multicast transmission from the multicast transmitting UE. The operations of 1905 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1905 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 10 to 14 Additionally or alternatively, the means for executing 1905 may (but not necessarily) include, for example, an antenna 1325, a transceiver 1320, a communication manager 1310, a memory 1330 (including code 1335), a processor 1340, and / or a bus 1345.

[0216] At 1910, the UE may monitor the plurality of different radio resource sets for one or more transmit power control indications from one or more receiving UEs in the group of receiving UEs. The operations of 1910 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1910 may be performed as described in reference to Figures 10 to 14 Additionally or alternatively, means for performing 1910 may (but not necessarily) include, for example, antenna 1325, transceiver 1320, communication manager 1310, memory 1330 (including code 1335), processor 1340, and / or bus 1345.

[0217] At 1915, the UE may determine a transmit power adjustment for the multicast transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indicators. The operations of 1915 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1915 may be as described in reference to Figures 10 to 14 Additionally or alternatively, means for executing 1915 may (but not necessarily) include, for example, the communications manager 1310, the memory 1330 (including code 1335), the processor 1340, and / or the bus 1345.

[0218] At 1920, the UE may transmit a multicast transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment. The operations of 1920 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1920 may be as described in reference to Figures 10 to 14 Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus for performing 1920 may (but not necessarily) include, for example, an antenna 1325, a transceiver 1320, a communication manager 1310, a memory 1330 (including code 1335), a processor 1340, and / or a bus 1345.

[0219] Figure 201. A flow chart illustrating a method 2000 for supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by a UE 115 or a base station 105 or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by a UE 115 or a base station 105 or components thereof as described herein. Figures 10 to 14 In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the following functions.

[0220] At 2005, the UE may identify several different sets of radio resources for providing transmit power control indications from a group of receiving UEs to a multicast transmitting UE, each set of radio resources being associated with a different receiving UE in a group of receiving UEs that receives a device-to-device side link multicast transmission from the multicast transmitting UE. The operations of 2005 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2005 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 10 to 14 The multicast resource manager described is implemented.

[0221] At 2010, the UE may monitor the plurality of different radio resource sets to search for one or more transmit power control indications from one or more receiving UEs in the group of receiving UEs. The operations at 2010 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations at 2010 may be performed as described in reference to Figures 10 to 14 The TPC manager described is executed.

[0222] At 2015, the UE may determine a transmit power adjustment for the multicast transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indicators. The operations of 2015 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2015 may be performed as described in reference to Figures 10 to 14 The TPC manager described is executed.

[0223] Optionally, at 2020, the UE may determine to reduce the transmit power of the multicast transmission based on receiving more power control down indications than power control up indications. The operations of 2020 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2020 may be as described in reference to Figures 10 to 14 The TPC manager described is executed.

[0224] Optionally, at 2025, the UE may determine to increase the transmit power of the multicast transmission based on receiving more power control up indications than power control down indications. The operations of 2025 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2025 may be as described in reference to Figures 10 to 14The TPC manager described is executed.

[0225] At 2030, the UE or base station may transmit a multicast transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment. The operations of 2030 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2030 may be performed as described in reference to Figures 10 to 14 The sidelink transmission manager described is used to perform.

[0226] Figure 21 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method 2100 for supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2100 may be implemented by a UE 115 or a base station 105 or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2100 may be implemented by a UE 115 or a base station 105 as described herein. Figures 10 to 14 In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the following functions.

[0227] At 2105, the UE may identify a plurality of different sets of radio resources for providing transmit power control indications from the group of receiving UEs to the multicast transmitting UE, each set of radio resources being associated with a different receiving UE in the group of receiving UEs that receives the device-to-device side link multicast transmission from the multicast transmitting UE. The operations of 2105 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2105 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 10 to 14 The multicast resource manager described is implemented.

[0228] At 2110, the UE may monitor the plurality of different radio resource sets for one or more transmit power control indications from one or more receiving UEs in the group of receiving UEs. The operations of 2110 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2110 may be performed as described in reference to Figures 10 to 14 The TPC manager described is executed.

[0229] At 2115, the UE may determine a transmit power adjustment for the multicast transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indications. The operations of 2115 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2115 may be as described in reference to Figures 10 to 14 The TPC manager described is executed.

[0230] At 2120, the UE may determine to reduce the transmit power of the multicast transmission based on receiving one or more transmit power control down indications in the one or more transmit power control indications in the absence of any transmit power control up indication. The operations of 2120 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2120 may be performed as described in reference to Figures 10 to 14 The TPC manager described is executed.

[0231] At 2125, the UE may determine to increase the transmit power of the multicast transmission based on receiving at least one transmit power control increase indication in the one or more transmit power control indications. The operations of 2125 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2125 may be as described in reference to Figures 10 to 14 The TPC manager described is executed.

[0232] At 2130, the UE may transmit a multicast transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment. The operations of 2130 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2130 may be as described in reference to Figures 10 to 14 The sidelink transmission manager described is used to perform.

[0233] Figure 22 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method 2200 for supporting power control indication in multicast sidelink communications according to aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2200 may be implemented by a UE 115 or a base station 105 or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2200 may be implemented by a UE 115 or a base station 105 as described herein. Figures 10 to 14 In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the following functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the following functions.

[0234] At 2205, the UE may identify a first set of wireless resources for receiving one or more power-up transmit power control requests from one or more receiving UEs receiving a multicast transmitter UE's device-to-device side link multicast transmission, and a second set of wireless resources for receiving one or more power-down transmit power control requests from the one or more receiving UEs, wherein the first set of wireless resources is different from the second set of wireless resources. The operations of 2205 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2205 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 10 to 14Additionally or alternatively, means for performing 2205 may (but not necessarily) include, for example, an antenna 1325, a transceiver 1320, a communication manager 1310, a memory 1330 (including code 1335), a processor 1340, and / or a bus 1345.

[0235] At 2210, the UE may monitor the first set of radio resources and the second set of radio resources to look for one or more transmit power control indications from the one or more receiving UEs. The operations of 2210 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2210 may be performed as described in reference to Figures 10 to 14 Additionally or alternatively, means for performing 2210 may (but not necessarily) include, for example, antenna 1325, transceiver 1320, communication manager 1310, memory 1330 (including code 1335), processor 1340, and / or bus 1345.

[0236] At 2215, the UE may determine a transmit power adjustment for the multicast transmission based on the one or more transmit power control indicators. The operations of 2215 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2215 may be as described in reference to Figures 10 to 14 Additionally or alternatively, means for performing 2215 may (but not necessarily) include, for example, the communications manager 1310, the memory 1330 (including code 1335), the processor 1340, and / or the bus 1345.

[0237] At 2220, the UE may transmit a multicast transmission at a transmit power based on the transmit power adjustment. The operations of 2220 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2220 may be as described in reference to Figures 10 to 14 Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus for performing 2220 may (but not necessarily) include, for example, an antenna 1325, a transceiver 1320, a communication manager 1310, a memory 1330 (including code 1335), a processor 1340, and / or a bus 1345.

[0238] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more methods may be combined.

[0239] The techniques described herein can be used in various wireless communication systems, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and other systems. A CDMA system can implement radio technologies such as CDMA2000 and Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA). CDMA2000 covers the IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. IS-2000 versions are commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1X, 1X, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), etc. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. TDMA systems can implement radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).

[0240] OFDMA systems can implement radio technologies such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and others. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). LTE, LTE-A, and LTE-A Pro are versions of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, and GSM are described in documents from an organization called the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization called the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2). The techniques described herein may be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned herein as well as for other systems and radio technologies. Although aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for example purposes, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used throughout much of the description, the techniques described herein may also be applicable to applications other than LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR applications.

[0241] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions to a network provider. A small cell may be associated with a lower-power base station (compared to a macro cell), and may operate in the same or different frequency bands (e.g., licensed, unlicensed, etc.) as the macro cell. According to various examples, small cells may include pico cells, femto cells, and micro cells. A pico cell, for example, may cover a smaller geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions to a network provider. A femto cell may also cover a smaller geographic area (e.g., a residence) and may provide restricted access by UEs associated with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs of users in the residence, etc.). An eNB for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro eNB. An eNB for a small cell may be referred to as a small cell eNB, a pico eNB, a femto eNB, or a home eNB. An eNB may support one or more (eg, two, three, four, etc.) cells and may also support communication using one or more component carriers.

[0242] The wireless communication systems described herein can support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, each base station can have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations can be roughly aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, each base station can have different frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations can be misaligned in time. The techniques described herein can be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operation.

[0243] The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout this description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0244] The various illustrative blocks and modules described in conjunction with the disclosure herein may be implemented or executed with a general purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0245] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted by a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or code. Other examples and implementations fall within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or any combination thereof. Features that implement the functions may also be physically located in various locations, including being distributed so that parts of the functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0246] Computer-readable media include both non-transient computer storage media and communication media, including any media that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Non-transient storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general or special-purpose computer. As an example and not limitation, non-transient computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage device, or any other non-transient medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a general or special-purpose computer, or a general or special-purpose processor. Any connection is also properly referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwaves, the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwaves are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CDs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs, where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0247] As used herein (including in the claims), "or" used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items followed by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive list, so that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Likewise, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be read as referencing a closed set of conditions. For example, an exemplary step described as "based on condition A" could be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be read in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on."

[0248] In the accompanying drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference number. In addition, components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference number with a dash and a second reference number that distinguishes between the similar components. If only the first reference number is used in the specification, the description applies to any of the similar components having the same first reference number, regardless of the second reference number or other subsequent reference numbers.

[0249] The description set forth herein in conjunction with the accompanying drawings describes example configurations and does not represent all examples that can be implemented or fall within the scope of the claims. The term "exemplary" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration" and does not mean "superior to" or "over other examples." This detailed description includes specific details to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0250] The description herein is provided to enable those skilled in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at a first user equipment (UE), comprising: identifying a first set of sidelink radio resources for transmitting a first transmit power control indication from the first UE to a transmitting party of a device-to-device sidelink communication, wherein the device-to-device sidelink communication is to a group of UEs including the first UE, and wherein the first set of sidelink radio resources includes resources that are different from other sets of sidelink radio resources used by other UEs in the group of UEs to provide associated transmit power control indications to the transmitting party; determining the first transmit power control indication based at least in part on a measured signal strength of at least one device-to-device side link communication from the transmitter, wherein determining the first transmit power control indication is performed in response to receiving a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) transmission from the transmitter; as well as The first transmit power control indication is transmitted to the transmitter via the first set of sidelink radio resources.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the identification comprises: An indication of the first set of sidelink radio resources is received from one or more of a network access point serving the transmitter and the first UE, the transmitter, another UE in the group of UEs, or any combination thereof.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: A determination to subscribe to the transmitter's multicast transmission is made prior to identifying the first set of sidelink wireless resources, and wherein identifying the first set of sidelink wireless resources is performed in response to subscribing to the transmitter's multicast transmission.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining a distance between the transmitter and the first UE; as well as The determining and transmitting the first transmit power control indication is discontinued based at least in part on the distance exceeding a threshold distance value.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: Opportunistically monitoring for multicast transmissions from the transmitter after the interruption.

6. The method of claim 4, further comprising: determining, after the interruption, that the distance between the transmitter and the first UE is less than the threshold distance value; as well as The determining and transmitting the first transmit power control indication is resumed based at least in part on the distance being less than the threshold distance value.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of sidelink wireless resources is associated with a first beam in a beam set used by the transmitter for multicast communication.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitter communicates using an omnidirectional beam, and wherein the first sidelink wireless resource set comprises a first time resource set, a first frequency resource set, or a combination thereof.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining that one or more other UEs in the group of UEs are causing a transmit power adjustment by the transmitter; as well as Transmitting the first transmit power control indication is discontinued based at least in part on determining that one or more other UEs in the group of UEs are causing a transmit power adjustment by the transmitter.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein determining that the one or more other UEs in the group of UEs are causing the transmit power adjustment of the transmitter comprises: transmitting one or more power reduction indications to the transmitting party; as well as It is determined that the transmitter maintains or increases transmit power after the one or more power down indications.

11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: The transmit power of the first transmit power control indication is set to be at a maximum transmit power of the first UE based on the first transmit power control indication requesting a higher transmit power at the transmitter.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining that a lower transmit power at the transmitter is to be requested by the first UE; as well as The transmit power of the first transmit power control indication is set according to an open loop power control procedure or according to a preconfigured transmit power in response to determining that the lower transmit power is requested.

13. A method for wireless communication at a transmitting user equipment (UE), comprising: identifying a plurality of different sets of sidelink radio resources for providing transmit power control indications from a group of receiving UEs to the transmitting UE, each set of sidelink radio resources being associated with a different receiving UE in the group of receiving UEs that receives a device-to-device sidelink multicast transmission from the transmitting UE, wherein the transmit power control indications are provided in response to receiving a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) transmission from the transmitting UE; monitoring the plurality of different sets of sidelink radio resources for one or more transmit power control indications from one or more recipient UEs in the group of recipient UEs; determining a transmit power adjustment for the multicast transmission based at least in part on the one or more transmit power control indications; as well as The multicast transmission is transmitted at a transmit power based at least in part on the transmit power adjustment.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the identification comprises: An indication of the plurality of different sets of sidelink radio resources is received from a network access point serving the transmitting UE, one or more of another UEs in the group of UEs, or any combination thereof.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the transmit power adjustment comprises: determining to reduce the transmit power of the multicast transmission based on receiving more power control down indications than power control up indications; as well as A determination is made to increase the transmit power of the multicast transmission based on receiving more power control up indications than power control down indications.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the transmit power adjustment comprises: determining to reduce the transmit power of the multicast transmission based on receiving one or more transmit power control down indications among the one or more transmit power control indications in the absence of any transmit power control up indication; as well as A determination is made to increase the transmit power of the multicast transmission based on receiving at least one transmit power control up indication among the one or more transmit power control indications.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein the multicast transmission is transmitted using an omnidirectional beam, and wherein the plurality of different sets of sidelink radio resources comprise different sets of time resources, frequency resources, or a combination thereof.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the transmit power adjustment comprises: determining to reduce a transmit power of the first beam for the multicast transmission based on receiving one or more transmit power control down indications among the one or more transmit power control indications associated with the first beam in the absence of any transmit power control up indication associated with the first beam; as well as A determination is made to increase transmit power of the first beam for the multicast transmission based on receiving at least one transmit power control up indication associated with the first beam.

19. An apparatus for wireless communication at a first user equipment (UE), comprising: means for identifying a first set of sidelink radio resources for transmitting a first transmit power control indication from the first UE to a transmitter of a device-to-device sidelink communication, wherein the device-to-device sidelink communication is to a group of UEs including the first UE, and wherein the first set of sidelink radio resources comprises resources different from other sets of sidelink radio resources used by other UEs in the group of UEs to provide associated transmit power control indications to the transmitter; means for determining the first transmit power control indication based at least in part on a measured signal strength of at least one device-to-device side link communication from the transmitting party, wherein determining the first transmit power control indication is performed in response to receiving a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) transmission from the transmitting party; as well as means for transmitting the first transmit power control indication to the transmitter via the first set of sidelink radio resources.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising: means for determining to subscribe to the transmitter's multicast transmission prior to identifying the first sidelink wireless resource set, and wherein the means for identifying the first sidelink wireless resource set includes means for identifying the first sidelink wireless resource set in response to subscribing to the transmitter's multicast transmission.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising: means for determining a distance between the transmitter and the first UE; as well as means for discontinuing the determining and transmitting the first transmit power control indication based at least in part on the distance exceeding a threshold distance value.

22. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising: means for determining that one or more other UEs in the group of UEs are causing a transmit power adjustment by the transmitter; as well as Means for discontinuing transmitting the first transmit power control indication based at least in part on determining that one or more other UEs in the group of UEs are causing a transmit power adjustment by the transmitter.

23. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising: Means for setting the transmit power of the first transmit power control indication to be at a maximum transmit power of the first UE based on the first transmit power control indication requesting a higher transmit power at the transmitter.

24. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising: means for determining that a lower transmit power at the transmitter is to be requested by the first UE; as well as Means for setting a transmit power of the first transmit power control directive according to an open loop power control procedure or according to a preconfigured transmit power in response to determining that the lower transmit power is requested.

25. An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitting user equipment (UE), comprising: means for identifying a plurality of different sets of sidelink radio resources for providing transmit power control indications from a group of recipient UEs to the transmitting UE, each set of sidelink radio resources being associated with a different recipient UE in the group of recipient UEs that receives a device-to-device sidelink multicast transmission from the transmitting UE, wherein the transmit power control indications are provided in response to receiving a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) transmission from the transmitting UE; means for monitoring the plurality of different sets of sidelink radio resources for one or more transmit power control indications from one or more recipient UEs in the group of recipient UEs; means for determining a transmit power adjustment for the multicast transmission based at least in part on the one or more transmit power control indications; as well as Means for transmitting the multicast transmission at a transmit power based at least in part on the transmit power adjustment.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising: means for determining to reduce the transmit power of the multicast transmission based on receiving more power control down indications than power control up indications; as well as Means for determining to increase transmit power of the multicast transmission based on receiving more power control up indications than power control down indications.

27. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising: means for determining to reduce the transmit power of the multicast transmission based on receiving one or more transmit power control down indications among the one or more transmit power control indications in the absence of any transmit power control up indication; as well as Means for determining to increase transmit power of the multicast transmission based on receiving at least one transmit power control up indication among the one or more transmit power control indications.

28. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising: means for determining to reduce transmit power of the first beam for the multicast transmission based on receiving one or more transmit power control down indications among the one or more transmit power control indications associated with the first beam in the absence of any transmit power control up indication associated with the first beam; as well as Means for determining to increase transmit power of the first beam for the multicast transmission based on receiving at least one transmit power control up indication associated with the first beam.

29. An apparatus for wireless communication at a first user equipment (UE), comprising: processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and Instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor cause the apparatus to: identifying a first set of sidelink radio resources for transmitting a first transmit power control indication from the first UE to a transmitting party of a device-to-device sidelink communication, wherein the device-to-device sidelink communication is to a group of UEs including the first UE, and wherein the first set of sidelink radio resources includes resources that are different from other sets of sidelink radio resources used by other UEs in the group of UEs to provide associated transmit power control indications to the transmitting party; determining the first transmit power control indication based at least in part on a measured signal strength of at least one device-to-device side link communication from the transmitter, wherein determining the first transmit power control indication is performed in response to receiving a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) transmission from the transmitter; as well as The first transmit power control indication is transmitted to the transmitter via the first set of sidelink radio resources.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions causing the apparatus to identify further cause the apparatus to: An indication of the first set of sidelink radio resources is received from one or more of a network access point serving the transmitter and the first UE, the transmitter, another UE in the group of UEs, or any combination thereof.

31. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions further cause the apparatus to: A determination to subscribe to the transmitter's multicast transmission is made prior to identifying the first set of sidelink wireless resources, and wherein identifying the first set of sidelink wireless resources is performed in response to subscribing to the transmitter's multicast transmission.

32. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions further cause the apparatus to: determining a distance between the transmitter and the first UE; and The determining and transmitting the first transmit power control indication is discontinued based at least in part on the distance exceeding a threshold distance value.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the instructions further cause the apparatus to: Opportunistically monitoring for multicast transmissions from the transmitter after the interruption.

34. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the instructions further cause the apparatus to: determining, after the interruption, that the distance between the transmitter and the first UE is less than the threshold distance value; and The determining and transmitting the first transmit power control indication is resumed based at least in part on the distance being less than the threshold distance value.

35. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the first set of sidelink wireless resources is associated with a first beam in a beam set used by the transmitter for multicast communication.

36. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the transmitter communicates using an omni-directional beam, and wherein the first sidelink wireless resource set comprises a first time resource set, a first frequency resource set, or a combination thereof.

37. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions further cause the apparatus to: determining that one or more other UEs in the group of UEs are causing a transmit power adjustment by the transmitter; and Transmitting the first transmit power control indication is discontinued based at least in part on determining that one or more other UEs in the group of UEs are causing a transmit power adjustment by the transmitter.

38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the instructions causing the apparatus to determine that the one or more other UEs in the group of UEs are causing the transmitter's transmit power adjustment further cause the apparatus to: transmitting one or more power down indications to the transmitting party; and It is determined that the transmitter maintains or increases transmit power after the one or more power down indications.

39. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions further cause the apparatus to: The transmit power of the first transmit power control indication is set to be at a maximum transmit power of the first UE based on the first transmit power control indication requesting a higher transmit power at the transmitter.

40. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions further cause the apparatus to: determining that a lower transmit power at the transmitter is to be requested by the first UE; and The transmit power of the first transmit power control indication is set according to an open loop power control procedure or according to a preconfigured transmit power in response to determining that the lower transmit power is requested.

41. An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitting user equipment (UE), comprising: processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and Instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor cause the apparatus to: identifying a plurality of different sets of sidelink radio resources for providing transmit power control indications from a group of receiving UEs to the transmitting UE, each set of sidelink radio resources being associated with a different receiving UE in the group of receiving UEs that receives a device-to-device sidelink multicast transmission from the transmitting UE, wherein the transmit power control indications are provided in response to receiving a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) transmission from the transmitting UE; monitoring the plurality of different sets of sidelink radio resources for one or more transmit power control indications from one or more recipient UEs in the group of recipient UEs; determining a transmit power adjustment for the multicast transmission based at least in part on the one or more transmit power control indications; as well as The multicast transmission is transmitted at a transmit power based at least in part on the transmit power adjustment.

42. The apparatus of claim 41 , wherein the instructions causing the apparatus to identify further cause the apparatus to: An indication of the plurality of different sets of sidelink radio resources is received from a network access point serving the transmitting UE, one or more of another UEs in the group of UEs, or any combination thereof.

43. The apparatus of claim 41 , wherein the instructions causing the apparatus to determine the transmit power adjustment further cause the apparatus to: determining to reduce the transmit power of the multicast transmission based on receiving more power control down indications than power control up indications; and A determination is made to increase the transmit power of the multicast transmission based on receiving more power control up indications than power control down indications.

44. The apparatus of claim 41 , wherein the instructions causing the apparatus to determine the transmit power adjustment further cause the apparatus to: determining to reduce the transmit power of the multicast transmission based on receiving one or more transmit power control down indications among the one or more transmit power control indications in the absence of any transmit power control up indication; and A determination is made to increase the transmit power of the multicast transmission based on receiving at least one transmit power control up indication among the one or more transmit power control indications.

45. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the multicast transmission is transmitted using an omnidirectional beam, and wherein the plurality of different sets of sidelink wireless resources comprise different sets of time resources, frequency resources, or a combination thereof.

46. ​​The apparatus of claim 41 , wherein the instructions causing the apparatus to determine the transmit power adjustment further cause the apparatus to: determining to reduce the transmit power of the first beam for the multicast transmission based on receiving one or more transmit power control down indications among the one or more transmit power control indications associated with the first beam in the absence of any transmit power control up indication associated with the first beam; and A determination is made to increase transmit power of the first beam for the multicast transmission based on receiving at least one transmit power control up indication associated with the first beam.

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