A method and device for selecting investigation points of water environmental pollution sources

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention provides a method and device for selecting investigation points of water environmental pollution sources, specifically obtaining pollution source data, water quality monitoring data, river data, road data, and administrative division data within a preset monitoring range; randomly selecting multiple pollution source objects as investigation points of water environmental pollution sources to form an investigation point patch set; segmenting the rivers within the monitoring range and extracting the catchment areas corresponding to each river section; performing spatial overlay on multiple catchment areas and the investigation point patch set, and increasing or decreasing the investigation points of water environmental pollution sources therein; judging the number of investigation points of water environmental pollution sources, and if the number of investigation points of water environmental pollution sources matches the total number of preset sample points, outputting a target investigation point patch set including the investigation points of water environmental pollution sources. Since water quality monitoring data is considered when selecting investigation points, the problem of inability to organically integrate water environment monitoring section data and water environmental pollution source spatial distribution data is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly to a method and device for selecting water environmental pollution sources for investigation. Background Art

[0002] Water environmental pollution is one of the important pollutions at present. Detailed understanding of the specific situation of water environmental pollution sources is an important basis for pollution control and environmental protection law enforcement. However, the water environment covers a vast territory, and a comprehensive on-site investigation is unrealistic. Therefore, sampling investigation is an important means to understand the actual situation of water environmental pollution sources.

[0003] The inventors of the present application found in practice that most traditional sampling investigations use statistical means and select investigation points based on table attributes, etc., and then conduct on-site investigation and sampling for the selected investigation points to obtain water environment monitoring section data. However, water environmental pollution sources have characteristics such as spatialization, discretization, classification and grading, and are highly correlated with the water quality data of surrounding rivers. At present, the above factors are not considered when selecting investigation points. Therefore, the currently selected investigation points cannot organically integrate the water environment monitoring section data with the spatial distribution data of water environmental pollution sources, resulting in the obtained water environment monitoring section data being unable to effectively support the work of sampling investigation of water environmental pollution sources and water environment law enforcement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method and device for selecting investigation points for water environmental pollution sources to solve the problem that the currently selected investigation points cannot organically integrate the water environment monitoring section data with the spatial distribution data of water environmental pollution sources.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention discloses a method for selecting investigation points for water environmental pollution sources, which is characterized by including the steps of:

[0006] Obtain pollution source data, water quality monitoring data, river data, road data and administrative division data within a preset monitoring range;

[0007] Randomly select a plurality of pollution source objects from the monitoring range as pollution source investigation points based on the pollution source data, the river data, the road data and / or the administrative region data to form an investigation point patch set, and the number of the pollution source investigation points is greater than or equal to twice or more than twice the total number of preset sample points;

[0008] Segment the rivers within the monitoring range and extract the catchment areas corresponding to each river section;

[0009] Spatially overlay multiple of the catchment areas with the surveyed point patch set, identify the main pollution source types of the segments using the water quality monitoring data, and increase or decrease the pollution source survey points within the surveyed point patch set according to the main pollution source types;

[0010] Judge the number of the pollution source survey points. If the number of the pollution source survey points does not match the total number of the preset sample points, return to the previous step; otherwise, output the target surveyed point patch set including all the increased or decreased pollution source survey points.

[0011] Optionally, the obtaining of the pollution source data, water quality detection data, river data, road data, and administrative division data within the preset monitoring range includes the steps of:

[0012] Obtain the pollution source data by processing remote sensing image data and / or POI data;

[0013] Obtain the water quality monitoring data based on on-site monitoring methods;

[0014] Obtain the river data, road data, and administrative division data by processing remote sensing image data.

[0015] Optionally, the total number of the preset sample points meets the requirements of statistical sampling methods, sampling formulas, and sampling models.

[0016] Optionally, the segmenting of the rivers within the monitoring range and extracting the catchment areas corresponding to each river segment includes the steps of:

[0017] Segment the rivers to obtain the river segments;

[0018] Use the water quality monitoring data of each monitoring section within the river segment to classify the river segment between two monitoring sections into multiple water quality levels;

[0019] Based on the multiple water quality levels, and use DEM, remote sensing, and / or underground pipeline network data to extract the catchment areas of the river segments.

[0020] There is also provided a device for selecting water environmental pollution source survey points, including:

[0021] A data acquisition module, configured to acquire pollution source data, water quality monitoring data, river data, road data, and administrative division data within a preset monitoring range;

[0022] A survey point extraction module, configured to randomly extract multiple pollution source objects as pollution source survey points from the monitoring range based on the pollution source data, the river data, road data, and / or administrative region data to form a surveyed point patch set, and the number of the pollution source survey points is greater than or equal to twice or more than twice the total number of the preset sample points;

[0023] The catchment area extraction module is configured to segment the rivers within the monitoring range and extract the catchment areas corresponding to each river segment;

[0024] The investigation point adjustment module is configured to perform spatial overlay of multiple catchment areas and the investigation point polygon set, identify the main pollution source types of the segments using the water quality monitoring data, and increase or decrease the pollution source investigation points within the investigation point polygon set according to the main pollution source types;

[0025] The selection and output module is configured to judge the number of the pollution source investigation points. If the number of the pollution source investigation points does not match the total number of the preset sample points, it returns to the previous step. Otherwise, it outputs the target investigation point polygon set including all the increased or decreased pollution source investigation points.

[0026] Optionally, the data acquisition module includes:

[0027] The first acquisition unit is used to obtain the pollution source data by processing remote sensing image data and / or POI data;

[0028] The second acquisition unit is used to obtain the water quality monitoring data based on on-site monitoring methods;

[0029] The third acquisition unit is used to obtain the river data, the road data, and the administrative division data by processing remote sensing image data.

[0030] Optionally, the total number of the preset sample points meets the requirements of sampling methods, sampling formulas, and sampling models in statistics.

[0031] Optionally, the catchment area extraction module includes:

[0032] The segmentation execution unit is used to segment the river to obtain the river segments;

[0033] The river segment grading unit is used to grade the river segments between two monitoring sections into multiple water quality levels by using the water quality monitoring data of each monitoring section within the river segment;

[0034] The extraction execution unit is used to extract the catchment areas of the river segments based on the multiple water quality levels and by using DEM, remote sensing, and / or underground pipeline network data.

[0035] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the present invention provides a method and device for selecting investigation points of water environmental pollution sources, specifically obtaining pollution source data, water quality monitoring data, river data, road data, and administrative division data within a preset monitoring range; randomly selecting multiple pollution source objects as investigation points of water environmental pollution sources to form an investigation point patch set; segmenting the rivers within the monitoring range and extracting the catchment areas corresponding to each river section; performing spatial overlay on multiple catchment areas and the investigation point patch set, and increasing or decreasing the investigation points of water environmental pollution sources therein; judging the number of investigation points of water environmental pollution sources, and if the number of investigation points of water environmental pollution sources matches the total number of preset sample points, outputting a target investigation point patch set including the investigation points of water environmental pollution sources. Since water quality monitoring data is considered when selecting investigation points, the problem of being unable to organically integrate water environment monitoring section data and water environmental pollution source spatial distribution data is solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0037] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a method for selecting investigation points of water environmental pollution sources according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a distribution schematic diagram of river water quality and catchment areas;

[0039] Figure 3 It is an overlay schematic diagram of the catchment area and the investigation point patch set;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a block diagram of a device for selecting investigation points of water environmental pollution sources according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0041] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Embodiment 1

[0043] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a method for selecting investigation points of water environmental pollution sources according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0044] Reference Figure 1 As shown, the selection method provided in this embodiment is applied to electronic devices such as computers or servers. This selection method is specifically used to select investigation points of water environmental pollution sources based on water quality monitoring data. The specific steps of this selection method are as follows:

[0045] S1. Obtain various data related to pollution sources within a preset monitoring range.

[0046] Automatically or based on user input, obtain various data related to pollution sources within a preset monitoring range. This preset monitoring range can be a certain geographical range determined according to monitoring requirements, such as a province, a region, or a county, etc. The various data include water quality monitoring data, river data, road data, and administrative division data, etc.

[0047] Specifically when obtaining, the pollution source data can be extracted based on remote sensing image data, POI data, etc.; the water quality monitoring data of the corresponding river can be obtained based on on-site monitoring methods or manual collection methods; the river data, road data, and administrative division data can be extracted based on remote sensing images. These pollution source data include the addresses, scales, etc. of places such as hotels, restaurants, car washes, and bathhouses.

[0048] S2. Randomly select multiple pollution source investigation points from within the preset monitoring range.

[0049] That is, based on the above pollution source data, river data, road data, and administrative division data, randomly select multiple pollution source objects from within the monitoring range as the corresponding pollution source investigation points, and aggregate these multiple pollution source investigation points to obtain an investigation point patch set including multiple pollution source investigation points.

[0050] The number of selected pollution source investigation points is greater than or equal to twice the total number of preset sample points. The total number of preset sample points meets the requirements of statistics for sampling methods, sampling formulas, and sampling models. The overall trend should satisfy principles such as the positive correlation between the difference of sampling objects and the sampling quantity; set the principle of splitting sampling points, and clarify the proportion of investigation points for each pollution source type and each administrative region (basin).

[0051] In terms of pollution source types, the proportion of investigation points can be set according to the quantity ratio of various pollution sources, the importance degree of pollution sources, the distance of pollution sources from the river, etc.; in terms of administrative regions (basins), the proportion of investigation points can be set according to the area ratio of each administrative region, the urbanization process, the road network density ratio, the river network density ratio, the population ratio, etc.

[0052] Example: The main pollution sources in the study area are divided into point sources and non-point sources. The point sources include factories and communities, and the non-point sources include farmland and rural areas. Preliminary research finds that the main pollution source in the study area is non-point source, and the proportion of residents' lives is relatively large. Then the allocation proportion of investigation points can be appropriately inclined to the investigation of rural areas. Factory: Community: Farmland: Rural area = 1:2:3:4

[0053] There are many methods to determine the total number of sample points. However, formula tests show that when the error and confidence interval are fixed, the sample sizes calculated by different formulas for the total number of sample electrons are very close. Therefore, we can completely use the formula for calculating the total number of sample points in simple random sampling to approximately estimate the preset total number of sample points for other sampling methods, which can be more rapid and convenient. Then, the preset total number of sample points is distributed into each sub-domain according to a certain method.

[0054] For known data in absolute numbers, we generally calculate the required preset total number of sample points according to the following steps. Given the accuracy (E) of the expected survey result, the confidence level (L) of the expected survey result, and the specific data of the estimated standard deviation σ of the population, the total number of sample points N.

[0055] The calculation formula is: N = σ 2 / (e 2 / Z 2 +σ 2 / N)

[0056] In special cases, if it is a very large population, the calculation formula becomes N = Z 2 σ 2 / e 2

[0057] S3. Segment the river and extract the catchment areas of each river section.

[0058] Specifically, the river is segmented according to water quality to obtain multiple river sections; then, using the water quality monitoring data of each monitoring section, the river sections between two sections are classified into grades I - V; finally, the catchment areas of the river sections are extracted using DEM (elevation data), remote sensing data, underground pipe network data, etc. As Figure 2 shown, the surface runoff and rainwater and sewage of the pollution sources within the catchment area all flow into the corresponding river section;

[0059] Specifically, the natural catchment area is extracted using DEM (elevation data), the river channel is segmented according to the water quality monitoring point data, and combined with the underground pipe network data, the natural catchment area is corrected, and the catchment units are corresponded to the river sections one by one, so that one river section corresponds to a unique catchment unit (the water within the area finally flows into this river section).

[0060] S4. Perform addition and subtraction processing on the pollution source survey points within the survey point patch set.

[0061] Overlay the catchment areas of each river section with the sampled survey point patch set, as Figure 3As shown in the figure; use the monitoring data to identify the main types of pollution sources in the river section. If ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus exceed the standard, it is a domestic source; if antibiotics and permanganate exceed the standard, it is an industrial source, etc.; and based on the above identification results, delete the pollution source investigation points to form a new set of investigation point patches.

[0062] S5. Output the target set of investigation point patches according to the number of remaining pollution source investigation points.

[0063] After the above processing, the number of pollution source investigation points included in the initial set of investigation point patches will change. At this time, determine whether the number matches the total number of preset sample points determined initially. Here, the match can be regarded as equality.

[0064] If the two do not match, return to the previous step to continue adjusting the number; if the two match, output the target set of investigation point patches including the fertility pollution source investigation points, and the target set of investigation point patches includes the water environmental pollution source investigation points obtained after the final screening.

[0065] It can be seen from the above technical solution that this embodiment provides a method for selecting water environmental pollution source investigation points, specifically obtaining pollution source data, water quality monitoring data, river data, road data, and administrative division data within a preset monitoring range; randomly selecting multiple pollution source objects as pollution source investigation points to form a set of investigation point patches; segmenting the rivers within the monitoring range and extracting the corresponding catchment areas for each river section; performing spatial overlay on multiple catchment areas and the set of investigation point patches to increase or decrease the pollution source investigation points therein; judging the number of pollution source investigation points. If the number of pollution source investigation points matches the total number of preset sample points, output the target set of investigation point patches including water environmental pollution source investigation points. Since water quality monitoring data is considered when selecting investigation points, the problem of inability to organically integrate water environment monitoring section data and water environmental pollution source spatial distribution data is solved.

[0066] Embodiment 1

[0067] Figure 4 It is a block diagram of a device for selecting water environmental pollution source investigation points according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0068] Refer to Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the selection device provided in this embodiment is applied to electronic devices such as computers or servers, or can also be the electronic device itself. The selection device is specifically used to select water environmental pollution source investigation points based on water quality monitoring data, and specifically includes a data acquisition module 10, an investigation point extraction module 20, a catchment area extraction module 30, an investigation point adjustment module 40, and a selection output module 50.

[0069] The data acquisition module is used to acquire various data related to pollution sources within a preset monitoring range.

[0070] Automatically or based on user input, obtain various data related to pollution sources within a preset monitoring range. The preset monitoring range can be a certain geographical range determined according to monitoring requirements, such as a province, a region, or a county, etc. The various data include water quality monitoring data, river data, road data, and administrative division data, etc.

[0071] This module's spine includes a first acquisition unit, a second acquisition unit, and a third acquisition unit. Specifically, when acquiring data, the first acquisition unit is used to extract the pollution source data based on remote sensing image data, POI data, etc.; the second acquisition unit is used to obtain the water quality monitoring data of the corresponding river based on on-site monitoring methods or manual collection methods; the third acquisition unit is used to extract river data, road data, and administrative division data based on remote sensing images. These pollution source data include the addresses, scales, etc. of places such as hotels, restaurants, car washes, and bathhouses.

[0072] The investigation point extraction module is used to randomly extract multiple pollution source investigation points from the preset monitoring range.

[0073] That is, based on the above pollution source data, river data, road data, and administrative division data, randomly extract multiple pollution source objects from the monitoring range as the corresponding pollution source investigation points, and aggregate these multiple pollution source investigation points to obtain an investigation point patch set including multiple pollution source investigation points.

[0074] The number of selected pollution source investigation points is greater than or equal to twice the total number of preset sample points. The total number of preset sample points meets the requirements of statistical sampling methods, sampling formulas, and sampling models. The overall trend should satisfy principles such as the positive correlation between the difference of sampling objects and the sampling quantity; set the principle of splitting sampling points to clarify the proportion of investigation points for each pollution source type and each administrative region (basin).

[0075] In terms of pollution source types, the proportion of investigation points can be set according to the quantity ratio of various pollution sources, the importance degree of pollution sources, the distance of pollution sources from the river, etc.; in terms of administrative regions (basins), the proportion of investigation points can be set according to the area ratio of each administrative region, the urbanization process, the road network density ratio, the river network density ratio, the population ratio, etc.

[0076] Example: The main pollution sources in the study area are divided into point sources and non-point sources. Point sources include factories and communities, and non-point sources include farmland and rural areas. Preliminary research found that the main pollution source in the study area is non-point source, and the proportion of residents' living is relatively large. Then the proportion of investigation point allocation can be appropriately inclined to the investigation of rural areas. Factory: Community: Farmland: Rural area = 1:2:3:4

[0077] There are many methods to determine the total number of sample points. However, formula tests show that when the error and confidence interval are fixed, the sample sizes calculated by different formulas for the total number of sample electrons are very similar. Therefore, we can completely use the formula for calculating the total number of sample points in simple random sampling to approximately estimate the preset total number of sample points for other sampling methods, which can be more rapid and convenient. Then, the preset total number of sample points is allocated to each sub-domain according to a certain method.

[0078] For known data in absolute numbers, we generally calculate the required preset total number of sample points according to the following steps. Given the accuracy (E) of the expected survey result, the confidence level (L) of the expected survey result, and the specific data of the estimated standard deviation σ of the population, the total number of sample points N.

[0079] The calculation formula is: N = σ 2 / (e 2 / Z 2 +σ 2 / N)

[0080] In special cases, if the population is very large, the calculation formula becomes N = Z 2 σ 2 / e 2

[0081] The catchment area extraction module is used to segment the river and extract the catchment areas of each river section.

[0082] Specifically, this module includes a segmentation execution unit, a river section grading unit, and an extraction execution unit. The segmentation execution unit is used to segment the river according to water quality to obtain multiple river sections; the river section grading unit is used to grade the river sections between two cross-sections into grades I-V by using the water quality monitoring data of each monitoring cross-section; the extraction execution unit is used to extract the catchment areas of the river sections by using DEM (elevation data), remote sensing data, underground pipe network data, etc. As Figure 2 shown, the surface runoff of pollution sources and rain and sewage within the catchment area all flow into the corresponding river sections;

[0083] Specifically, it is to use DEM (elevation data) to extract the natural catchment area, segment the river according to the water quality monitoring point data, combine the underground pipe network data, correct the natural catchment area, and make the catchment units correspond one by one with the river sections, so that one river section corresponds to a unique catchment unit (the water within the area finally flows into this river section).

[0084] The survey point adjustment module is used to increase or decrease the pollution source survey points in the survey point patch set.

[0085] Perform a spatial overlay of the catchment areas of each river section and the sampled survey point patch set, as Figure 3As shown in the figure; use the monitoring data to identify the main pollution source types of river sections. For example, if ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus exceed the standards, it is a domestic pollution source; if antibiotics and permanganate exceed the standards, it is an industrial pollution source, etc.; and based on the above identification results, delete the pollution source investigation points to form a new set of investigation point polygons.

[0086] A selection output module is used to output the target set of investigation point polygons according to the number of remaining pollution source investigation points.

[0087] After the above processing, the number of pollution source investigation points included in the initial set of investigation point polygons will change. At this time, determine whether this number matches the total number of preset sample points determined initially. Here, matching can be regarded as being equal.

[0088] If the two do not match, return to the previous step to continue adjusting this number; if the two match, output the target set of investigation point polygons including the reproductive pollution source investigation points, and this target set of investigation point polygons includes the water environmental pollution source investigation points obtained after final screening.

[0089] From the above technical solution, it can be seen that this embodiment provides a device for selecting water environmental pollution source investigation points. This device is used to obtain pollution source data, water quality monitoring data, river data, road data, and administrative division data within a preset monitoring range; randomly select multiple pollution source objects as pollution source investigation points to form a set of investigation point polygons; segment the rivers within the monitoring range and extract the catchment areas corresponding to each river section; perform spatial overlay on multiple catchment areas and the set of investigation point polygons, and increase or decrease the pollution source investigation points therein; judge the number of pollution source investigation points. If the number of pollution source investigation points matches the total number of preset sample points, output the target set of investigation point polygons including water environmental pollution source investigation points. Since water quality monitoring data is considered when selecting investigation points, the problem of being unable to organically integrate water environment monitoring section data with water environmental pollution source spatial distribution data is solved.

[0090] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is to illustrate the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0091] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, devices, or computer program products. Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention can take the form of completely hardware embodiments, completely software embodiments, or embodiments combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the embodiments of the present invention can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0092] Embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, terminal devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, and the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal device generate a means for implementing the functions specified in one process Figure 1 one process or multiple processes and / or blocks Figure 1 or a means for implementing the functions specified in multiple blocks.

[0093] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including an instruction means, and the instruction means implements the functions specified in one process Figure 1 one process or multiple processes and / or blocks Figure 1 or a means for implementing the functions specified in multiple blocks.

[0094] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable terminal device to generate a computer-implemented process, and thus the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable terminal device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one process Figure 1 one process or multiple processes and / or blocks Figure 1 or a means for implementing the functions specified in multiple blocks.

[0095] Although the preferred embodiments of the embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they learn the basic creative concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted to include the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0096] Finally, it should also be noted that in this text, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or terminal device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or terminal device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising an..." does not exclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or terminal device comprising the said element.

[0097] The technical solutions provided by the present invention have been introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used in this text to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for selecting investigation points of water environmental pollution sources, characterized in that, Including the steps of: Obtaining pollution source data, water quality monitoring data, river data, road data, and administrative division data within a preset monitoring range; Randomly extracting a plurality of pollution source objects as pollution source investigation points from within the monitoring range based on the pollution source data, the river data, the road data, and / or the administrative region data to form an investigation point patch set, where the number of the pollution source investigation points is greater than or equal to twice or more than twice the total number of preset sample points; wherein, the investigation point ratio is set according to the quantity ratio of various pollution sources and the importance degree of the pollution sources; Segmenting the rivers within the monitoring range and extracting the catchment areas corresponding to each river segment; Performing spatial overlay of a plurality of the catchment areas with the investigation point patch set, identifying the main pollution source types of the segmented rivers by using the water quality monitoring data, and increasing or decreasing the pollution source investigation points within the investigation point patch set according to the main pollution source types; Judging the number of the pollution source investigation points. If the number of the pollution source investigation points does not match the total number of the preset sample points, return to the previous step; otherwise, output a target investigation point patch set including all the pollution source investigation points after the increase or decrease.

2. The selection method according to claim 1, wherein The obtaining of the pollution source data, water quality detection data, river data, road data, and administrative division data within the preset monitoring range includes the steps of: Obtaining the pollution source data by processing remote sensing image data and / or POI data; Obtaining the water quality monitoring data based on on-site monitoring methods; Obtaining the river data, the road data, and the administrative division data by processing remote sensing image data.

3. The selection method according to claim 1, wherein The total number of the preset sample points meets the requirements of statistical sampling methods, sampling formulas, and sampling models.

4. The selection method according to claim 1, wherein The segmenting of the rivers within the monitoring range and extracting the catchment areas corresponding to each river segment includes the steps of: Segmenting the rivers to obtain the river segments; Classifying the river segments between two monitoring sections into multiple water quality levels by using the water quality monitoring data of each monitoring section within the river segments; Extracting the catchment areas of the river segments based on the multiple water quality levels and by using DEM, remote sensing, and / or underground pipeline network data.

5. An apparatus for selecting investigation points of water environmental pollution sources, characterized in that Including: A data acquisition module configured to obtain pollution source data, water quality monitoring data, river data, road data, and administrative division data within a preset monitoring range; An investigation point extraction module configured to randomly extract a plurality of pollution source objects as pollution source investigation points from within the monitoring range based on the pollution source data, the river data, the road data, and / or the administrative region data to form an investigation point patch set, where the number of the pollution source investigation points is greater than or equal to twice or more than twice the total number of preset sample points; wherein, the investigation point ratio is set according to the quantity ratio of various pollution sources and the importance degree of the pollution sources; A catchment area extraction module configured to segment the rivers within the monitoring range and extract the catchment areas corresponding to each river segment; An investigation point adjustment module configured to perform spatial overlay of a plurality of the catchment areas with the investigation point patch set, identify the main pollution source types of the segmented rivers by using the water quality monitoring data, and increase or decrease the pollution source investigation points within the investigation point patch set according to the main pollution source types; Select an output module, which is configured to judge the number of the pollution source investigation points. If the number of the pollution source investigation points does not match the total number of the preset sample points, return to the previous step; otherwise, output a target investigation point patch set including all the pollution source investigation points after increase or decrease.

6. The selection device according to claim 5, wherein The data acquisition module includes: A first acquisition unit, configured to obtain the pollution source data by processing remote sensing image data and / or POI data; A second acquisition unit, configured to obtain the water quality monitoring data based on on-site monitoring; A third acquisition unit, configured to obtain the river data, the road data and the administrative division data by processing remote sensing image data.

7. The selection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The total number of the preset sample points meets the requirements of statistics for sampling methods, sampling formulas and sampling models.

8. The selection device according to claim 5, wherein The catchment area extraction module includes: A segmentation execution unit, configured to segment the river to obtain the river reaches; A river reach grading unit, configured to grade the river reaches between two monitoring sections into multiple water quality levels by using the water quality monitoring data of each monitoring section in the river reaches; An extraction execution unit, configured to extract the catchment area of the river reaches based on the multiple water quality levels and by using DEM, remote sensing and / or underground pipeline network data.

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