A method for site selection and planning of tank cleaning station

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of traffic planning, and discloses a method for the site selection and planning of a tank washing station. First, the port entry and exit data of hazardous chemical transport ships in the study waters are obtained, and the tank washing information of each hazardous chemical transport ship in the study waters is obtained based on the port entry and exit data. Then, the tank washing information corresponding to all hazardous chemical transport ships in the study waters is summarized and counted to obtain all candidate tank washing sections and section heat values. Based on all section heat values, the port heat value corresponding to each port in the study waters is obtained, and the port heat values ​​are sorted from large to small to obtain candidate points of the tank washing station. Then, an objective function is constructed, and constraint conditions are set. With the minimum total tank washing cost as the goal, a tank washing station planning and site selection model is established. Finally, the tank washing station planning and site selection model is solved in combination with the candidate points of the tank washing station to obtain the tank washing station site selection and planning results. The present invention provides a scientific planning method for the reasonable construction of tank washing stations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of traffic planning, and more specifically, relates to a tank cleaning station site selection planning method. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the economy, the chemical industry dominated by oil products and chemicals is rising rapidly, and the demand for oil products and chemicals is increasing rapidly. Inland waterway transportation and maritime transportation are one of the main ways to transport hazardous chemicals, but the environmental problems brought about by this are also becoming increasingly prominent, especially the unreasonable discharge of tank washing water from hazardous chemical ships, which has caused long-term and irreversible impacts on the aquatic environment.

[0003] Ships transporting hazardous chemicals must wash their tanks when replacing incompatible cargoes or entering ports for inspection and repair to ensure transportation safety and prevent river water pollution. Tank washing stations are dedicated facilities for cleaning the liquid cargo tanks of these hazardous chemical ships, including docks, tank washing equipment, and tank washing water receiving, processing or transfer facilities. Ship tank washing provides a guarantee for transportation safety and the quality of transported goods, is of great significance for promoting the standardization of ship tank washing, and is an important task for preventing and controlling ship pollution and implementing environmental protection policies.

[0004] At present, the contents related to ship tank washing are mostly concentrated on the tank washing process, tank washing equipment, tank washing water treatment and other aspects, and there are fewer studies on the site selection of tank washing stations. Moreover, the site selection of ship tank washing stations is a study on the site selection of service facilities for linear service objects, which has its own particularity. The construction of tank washing stations has heavy tasks, large investment scale and long payback period. Scientific and reasonable planning of the location of tank washing stations will help reduce capital investment, improve the convenience of tank washing and the operating efficiency of tank washing stations, which is of great significance to the long-term operation and healthy development of tank washing stations. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a tank washing station site selection planning method to make the distribution and construction of the tank washing station reasonable and scientific.

[0006] The present invention provides a tank cleaning station site selection planning method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Obtain the port entry and exit data of hazardous chemicals transport ships in the study waters;

[0008] Step 2: Based on the port entry and exit data, the tank cleaning information of each hazardous chemical transport ship in the research waters is obtained; the tank cleaning information includes the number of tank cleaning times of the ship within the first time, the candidate tank cleaning sections and the section heat value;

[0009] Step 3: Summarize and count the tank cleaning information corresponding to all hazardous chemicals transport ships in the study waters to obtain all candidate tank cleaning sections and section heat values;

[0010] Step 4: Based on all the zone heat values, obtain the port heat value corresponding to each port in the study waters; sort the heat values ​​of the ports from large to small, and obtain the first number of ports as candidate points for tank cleaning stations;

[0011] Step 5: Construct the objective function, set the constraints, take the minimum total cost of tank cleaning as the goal, and establish the tank cleaning station planning and site selection model;

[0012] Step 6: Solve the tank washing station planning site selection model in combination with the candidate points of the tank washing station to obtain a tank washing station site selection planning result; the tank washing station site selection planning result includes a second number of selected points of the tank washing station.

[0013] Preferably, in step 1, the type of the hazardous chemicals transport ship is an oil tanker or a chemical tanker; the port entry and exit data include the "ship name", "deadweight tonnage", "name of transported goods", "approval unit" and "arrival and departure time" of the hazardous chemicals transport ship.

[0014] Preferably, in step 2, based on the port entry and exit data, the specific implementation method of obtaining the tank cleaning information of each hazardous chemicals transport ship in the research waters is:

[0015] Establish a cargo compatibility database for hazardous chemicals that are replaced by ships and record it as a compatibility database; the compatibility database contains the names of the transported goods that the ship may transport, and the relationship information on whether tank cleaning is required when replacing each transported product; the names of the transported goods include the names of oil products and chemical products;

[0016] For each hazardous chemicals transport ship, filter out the ship's port entry and exit data based on the "ship name", and sort them in ascending or descending order based on the "arrival and departure time";

[0017] In the table obtained after time sorting, whenever there is a change in the corresponding "name of transported goods" in two adjacent rows of data, it is determined in combination with the compatibility database whether tank cleaning is required between the two voyages; if it is determined to be necessary, it is recorded as one tank cleaning, and the section between the corresponding "approval units" in the two adjacent rows of data is used as a candidate tank cleaning section, and then the section heat value of the candidate tank cleaning section is increased by one; wherein the candidate tank cleaning section is recorded as (A, B), A is the unloading port, B is the next loading port, and A and B can be the same or different ports;

[0018] The number of tank cleanings, candidate tank cleaning sections and section heat values ​​of the ship in the first time are obtained by statistics.

[0019] Preferably, step 2 also includes cleaning the obtained port entry and exit data, and obtaining the tank cleaning information of each hazardous chemicals transport ship in the study waters based on the cleaned port entry and exit data.

[0020] Preferably, in step 4, based on all the section heat values, the specific implementation method of obtaining the port heat value corresponding to each port in the research waters is:

[0021] For each candidate tank washing section, the section heat value corresponding to the candidate tank washing section is divided by the number of ports included in the candidate tank washing section to obtain the heat value obtained by each port in the candidate tank washing section;

[0022] For each port in the study waters, the heat values ​​obtained by the port in each candidate tank washing section are added together to obtain the total heat value obtained by the port in the study waters, which is recorded as the port heat value.

[0023] Preferably, the heat value of a port is calculated as follows:

[0024] p i =H i / n i i∈(1, 2, 3...q)

[0025]

[0026] In the formula, p i represents the heat value obtained by each port in the i-th candidate tank cleaning section, H i represents the section heat value corresponding to the i-th candidate tank cleaning section, n i represents the number of ports included in the i-th candidate tank cleaning section; q represents the total number of candidate tank cleaning sections; H t represents the port heat value corresponding to the tth port; h represents the total number of ports in the study waters.

[0027] Preferably, in step 4, the first number is v times the second number, where v is a positive integer.

[0028] Preferably, in step 5, the purpose of the tank washing station planning and site selection is to plan and build a total of r tank washing stations, and at most one tank washing station is built at each candidate point of the tank washing station;

[0029] The objective function is as follows: f = min(α 1 f 1 +α 2 f 2 +α 3 f 3 +α 4 f 4 );

[0030] The decision variables are the locations of the r tank cleaning stations And the construction scale of each tank cleaning station

[0031] Among them, f is the total cost of tank cleaning, f 1 The construction cost of the tank cleaning station is 2 The cost of tank cleaning is 3 is the empty ship fee, f 4 is the operating cost of the tank washing station, α 1 , α 2 , α 3 , α 4 is the weight of each expense;

[0032] represents the construction cost of the ωth tank cleaning station; n represents the type of hazardous chemical ship, m represents the type of deadweight tonnage corresponding to the ship, k ij represents the one-time tank cleaning fee for the i-th type of hazardous chemicals ship and the j-th type of deadweight tonnage ship, d ij It indicates the number of ships of type i hazardous chemicals and type j deadweight tonnage that need tank cleaning in the planning year; Q abij represents the number of empty-handled ships of the i-th hazardous chemicals ship type and the j-th deadweight tonnage type between port a and port b, and h represents the total number of ports in the research waters; β ij It represents the unit loss when the i-th hazardous chemicals ship type and the j-th deadweight tonnage type ship is empty; It represents the empty distance of the i-th hazardous chemicals ship type and the j-th deadweight tonnage type ship from the unloading port a to the selected k-th tank cleaning station, and then from the selected k-th tank cleaning station to the loading port b. represents the location of the kth tank washing station selected, Indicates the location of the loading port, Indicates the location of the discharge port; Represents the operating cost of the ωth tank cleaning station.

[0033] Preferably, the constraints include:

[0034] Constraint 1: F 投 represents the total investment;

[0035] Constraint 2: d η =0,1;d η =1, it means that a tank cleaning station is established at the nth port; d η =0, it means that no tank cleaning station is established at the nth port;

[0036] Constraint 3: Constraint 3 represents the location of the tank cleaning station Location in the port Select from;

[0037] Constraint 4: Constraint 4 means that the ship Select a tank cleaning station to carry out tank cleaning;

[0038] Constraint 5: ω=1,2,3……r;A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , ... A q Indicates the construction scale type of the tank cleaning station; Indicates the construction scale of the ωth tank cleaning station; A q Indicates: The tank cleaning station can only serve tanks with a deadweight tonnage of T q Ships with a tank cleaning capacity of W q Ships / year;

[0039] Constraint 6: u v ≤T k , (v=1, 2, 3,...s, k=1, 2, 3,...r); u v is the deadweight tonnage of the vth ship, s is the total number of all ships in the research waters, T k The kth tank cleaning station can serve the maximum deadweight tonnage of the ship; Constraint 6 means that each ship selects a tank cleaning station that meets its deadweight tonnage;

[0040] Constraint 7: x ijk W represents the number of ships of type i hazardous chemicals and type j deadweight tonnage that have undergone tank cleaning at the k-th tank cleaning station. k represents the tank cleaning capacity of the kth tank cleaning station;

[0041] Constraint 8: r≤h; h represents the total number of ports in the study area;

[0042] Constraint 9: r, n, m, h, k ij d ij , Q abij , β ij ,

[0043] Preferably, in step 6, a mixed integer linear programming algorithm is used to solve the tank washing station site selection planning model.

[0044] One or more technical solutions provided in the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0045] The present invention first obtains the port entry and exit data of hazardous chemical transport ships in the study waters, obtains the tank washing information of each hazardous chemical transport ship in the study waters based on the port entry and exit data, and then summarizes and statistics the tank washing information corresponding to all hazardous chemical transport ships in the study waters, obtains all candidate tank washing sections and section heat values, obtains the port heat value corresponding to each port in the study waters based on all section heat values, sorts the port heat values ​​from large to small, obtains the candidate points of the tank washing station, and then constructs the objective function, sets the constraints, and establishes the tank washing station planning and site selection model with the minimum total tank washing cost as the goal. Finally, combined with the candidate points of the tank washing station, the tank washing station planning and site selection model is solved to obtain the tank washing station site selection planning result. The present invention judges the number of tank washing ships and the tank washing hotspot area based on the ship entry and exit data, accurately determines the tank washing demand, and proposes a tank washing station site selection planning method with the minimum total tank washing cost, which can help the scientific planning and construction of tank washing stations, provide optional solutions for green shipping, and is of great significance to the sustainable and healthy development of tank washing stations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 A flow chart of a tank cleaning station site selection and planning method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the division of the zones;

[0048] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the ship's empty distance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to better understand the above technical solution, the above technical solution will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0050] This embodiment provides a method for site selection and planning of a tank cleaning station. Figure 1 , mainly including the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: Obtain the entry and exit data of hazardous chemicals transport ships in the study waters.

[0052] Among them, the type of hazardous chemicals transport ship is an oil tanker or a chemical tanker; the port entry and exit data include the "ship name", "deadweight tonnage", "name of transported goods", "approval unit" and "arrival and departure time" of the hazardous chemicals transport ship.

[0053] Step 2: Based on the port entry and exit data, the tank cleaning information of each hazardous chemical transport ship in the study waters is obtained; the tank cleaning information includes the number of tank cleanings of the ship within a first period of time (for example, one year), the candidate tank cleaning sections and the section heat value.

[0054] Specifically, a cargo compatibility database for hazardous chemicals replaced by ships is established and recorded as a compatibility database; the compatibility database contains the names of transported goods that the ship may transport, and relationship information on whether tank cleaning is required when replacing each transported product; the names of the transported goods include oil names and chemical names.

[0055] For each hazardous chemicals transport ship, the ship's entry and exit data is filtered out according to the "ship name", and sorted in ascending or descending order according to the "arrival and departure time".

[0056] In the table obtained after time sorting, whenever there is a change in the corresponding "name of transported goods" in two adjacent rows of data, it is determined in combination with the compatibility database whether tank cleaning is required between the two voyages; if it is determined to be necessary, it is recorded as one tank cleaning, and the section between the corresponding "approval units" in the two adjacent rows of data is used as a candidate tank cleaning section, and then the section heat value of the candidate tank cleaning section is increased by one; wherein the candidate tank cleaning section is recorded as (A, B), A is the unloading port, B is the next loading port, and A and B can be the same or different ports.

[0057] The number of tank cleanings, candidate tank cleaning sections and section heat values ​​of the ship in the first time are obtained by statistics.

[0058] Preferably, the obtained hazardous chemicals ship entry and exit data is cleaned, and based on the cleaned hazardous chemicals ship entry and exit data, the tank cleaning information of each hazardous chemicals transport ship in the research waters is obtained. That is, data cleaning is performed before data screening.

[0059] Step 3: Summarize and count the tank cleaning information corresponding to all hazardous chemicals transport ships in the study waters to obtain all candidate tank cleaning sections and section heat values.

[0060] Step 4: Based on all the section heat values, obtain the port heat value corresponding to each port in the study waters; sort the port heat values ​​from large to small, and obtain a first number (for example, 9) of ports as candidate points for tank cleaning stations.

[0061] Specifically, for each candidate tank washing section, the section heat value corresponding to the candidate tank washing section is divided by the number of ports included in the candidate tank washing section to obtain the heat value obtained by each port in the candidate tank washing section; for each port in the study waters, the heat values ​​obtained by the port in each candidate tank washing section are added together to obtain the total heat value obtained by the port in the study waters, which is recorded as the port heat value.

[0062] Step 5: Construct the objective function, set the constraints, take the minimum total cost of tank cleaning as the goal, and establish a tank cleaning station planning and site selection model.

[0063] Among them, the total tank cleaning cost includes the construction cost of the tank cleaning station in the waters, the operating cost of the tank cleaning station in the waters, the tank cleaning cost of all hazardous chemical ships in the waters and the empty load cost caused by tank cleaning.

[0064] The purpose of tank cleaning station site selection is to plan and build a total of r tank cleaning stations, and at most one tank cleaning station can be built at each candidate site.

[0065] The objective function is as follows: f = min(α 1 f 1 +α 2 f 2 +α 3 f 3 +α 4 f 4 );

[0066] The decision variables are the locations of the r tank cleaning stations And the construction scale of each tank cleaning station

[0067] Among them, f is the total cost of tank cleaning, f 1 The construction cost of the tank cleaning station is 2 The cost of tank cleaning is 3 is the empty ship fee, f 4 is the operating cost of the tank washing station, α 1 , α 2 , α 3 , α 4 is the weight of each expense; represents the construction cost of the ωth tank cleaning station; n represents the type of hazardous chemical ship, m represents the type of ship corresponding to the deadweight tonnage, k ij represents the one-time tank cleaning fee for the i-th type of hazardous chemicals ship and the j-th type of deadweight tonnage ship, d ij It indicates the number of ships of type i hazardous chemicals and type j deadweight tonnage that need tank cleaning in the planning year; Q abij represents the number of empty-handled ships of the i-th hazardous chemicals ship type and the j-th deadweight tonnage type between port a and port b, and h represents the total number of ports in the research waters; β ij It represents the unit loss when the i-th hazardous chemicals ship type and the j-th deadweight tonnage type ship is empty; It represents the empty distance of the i-th hazardous chemicals ship type and the j-th deadweight tonnage type ship from the unloading port a to the selected k-th tank cleaning station, and then from the selected k-th tank cleaning station to the loading port b. represents the location of the kth tank washing station selected, Indicates the location of the loading port, Indicates the location of the discharge port; Represents the operating cost of the ωth tank cleaning station.

[0068] The constraints include:

[0069] Constraint 1: F 投 represents the total investment;

[0070] Constraint 2: d η =0,1;d η =1, it means that a tank cleaning station is established at the nth port; d η =0, it means that no tank cleaning station is established at the nth port;

[0071] Constraint 3: Constraint 3 represents the location of the tank cleaning station Location in the port Select from;

[0072] Constraint 4: Constraint 4 means that the ship Select a tank cleaning station to carry out tank cleaning;

[0073] Constraint 5: ω=1,2,3……r;A 1 , A 2 , A 3 ,......A q Indicates the construction scale type of the tank cleaning station; Indicates the construction scale of the ωth tank cleaning station; A q Indicates: The tank cleaning station can only serve tanks with a deadweight tonnage of T q Ships with a tank cleaning capacity of W q Ships / year;

[0074] Constraint 6: u v ≤T k , (v=1, 2, 3,...s, k=1, 2, 3,...r); u v is the deadweight tonnage of the vth ship, s is the total number of all ships in the research waters, T k The kth tank cleaning station can serve the maximum deadweight tonnage of the ship; Constraint 6 means that each ship selects a tank cleaning station that meets its deadweight tonnage;

[0075] Constraint 7: x ijk W represents the number of ships of type i hazardous chemicals and type j deadweight tonnage that have undergone tank cleaning at the k-th tank cleaning station. k represents the tank cleaning capacity of the kth tank cleaning station;

[0076] Constraint 8: r≤h; h represents the total number of ports in the study area;

[0077] Constraint 9: r, n, m, h, k ij d ij , Q abij , β ij ,

[0078] Step 6: In combination with the candidate points of the tank washing station, the tank washing station planning site selection model is solved to obtain a tank washing station site selection planning result; the tank washing station site selection planning result includes a second number (for example, 3) of selected points of the tank washing station.

[0079] The present invention is described below in conjunction with specific data.

[0080] In step 1, the section between Wuhu Port and Chongqing Port (including Wuhu Port and Chongqing Port) of the Yangtze River route is selected as the research object (hereinafter referred to as water area W). There are 35 major ports along W, namely P1, P2, P3, ..., P35. A total of 3 tank cleaning stations are planned to be built, and each port can build a maximum of one tank cleaning station. The port entry and exit data are the entry and exit records of hazardous chemical ships at various ports along the water area W in 2017. There are two types of ships, namely oil tankers and chemical tankers. The deadweight tonnage of ships is divided into sections of 500 tons, and the deadweight tonnage is [0-500, 500-1000, 1000-1500, 1500-2000, 2000-2500, 2500-3000, 3000-3500, 3500-4000, 4000-4500, 4500-5000].

[0081] In step 2, the contents of the cargo compatibility database for replacing hazardous chemicals on ships mainly include: oil products and chemicals that may be transported by the ship, and the relationship between the transported products. "×" is used to indicate that the two are incompatible or reactive, "※" indicates that the purity requirement of the variety must be replaced after cleaning the tank, and a space indicates that both can be loaded.

[0082] The database example is shown in Table 1. Taking the row where "hydriodic acid" is located as an example, hydriodic acid is the cargo of the previous voyage. When the replacement cargo is the same hydriodic acid, it is marked in gray, indicating that tank cleaning is not required; when the replacement cargo is hydrochloric acid (hydrochloric acid), it is marked as a blank, indicating that tank cleaning is not required; when the replacement cargo is sulfuric acid (oleum), it is marked as ×, indicating that the two are incompatible or reactive. In order to ensure the safety of transportation, tank cleaning is required; when the replacement cargo is acetone, it is marked as ※, indicating that the purity requirement requires tank cleaning before changing the cargo.

[0083] Table 1 Cargo compatibility database for replacement of hazardous chemicals on liquid cargo ships

[0084]

[0085] The analysis of inbound and outbound data includes the following:

[0086] First, the data of hazardous chemical ships entering and leaving the port within a period of time is cleaned. The cleaning method includes but is not limited to deleting useless data and duplicate data. The final data obtained includes: "Ship name", "Deadweight tonnage", "Name of transported goods", "Arrival and departure time", and "Approval unit".

[0087] Secondly, filter out the port entry and exit data of a certain ship according to the "ship name", and arrange the data in ascending or descending order according to the "arrival and departure time". Whenever the "transportation product name" of two adjacent rows of data changes, search the database for the relationship between the two goods. When the relationship between the two goods is "※" or "×", it means that tank cleaning must be carried out, which is counted as one tank cleaning; the section between the "approval unit" of two adjacent rows of data is a possible tank cleaning location, and define the variable "section heat value", which starts counting from 0, and the heat value of the section at this moment is increased by 1. According to the same idea, count the number of tank cleaning times and possible tank cleaning locations of the ship within one year, and update the corresponding section heat values ​​of all sections.

[0088] As shown in Table 2, the cargo carried by the ship named "Anqinghua 904" has always been sodium hydroxide solution. A search of the database found that the same cargo was transported twice and no tank cleaning was required.

[0089] Table 2 Data of arrival and departure of “Anhui-Anqing Chemical 904” in 2017

[0090] ship name Deadweight tonnage (tons) Name of transported goods Approval Unit Arrival and departure time Wananqing Chemical 904 600 Sodium hydroxide solution Jiujiang Wuxue Maritime Affairs Office 2017-01-16 08:22 Wananqing Chemical 904 600 Sodium hydroxide solution Wuhu Port Maritime Affairs Office 2017-03-30 14:00 Wananqing Chemical 904 600 Sodium hydroxide solution Anqing Port Maritime Affairs Office 2017-04-01 08:00 Wananqing Chemical 904 600 Sodium hydroxide solution Anqing Port Maritime Affairs Office 2017-04-24 10:00 Wananqing Chemical 904 600 Sodium hydroxide solution Anqing Port Maritime Affairs Office 2017-06-06 08:00 Wananqing Chemical 904 600 Sodium hydroxide solution Anqing Port Maritime Affairs Office 2017-06-08 08:00 Wananqing Chemical 904 600 Sodium hydroxide solution Anqing Port Maritime Affairs Office 2017-08-18 08:00 Wananqing Chemical 904 600 Sodium hydroxide solution Wuhu Port Maritime Affairs Office 2017-08-31 14:00 Wananqing Chemical 904 600 Sodium hydroxide solution Anqing Port Maritime Affairs Office 2017-09-02 11:00 Wananqing Chemical 904 600 Sodium hydroxide solution Wuhu Port Maritime Affairs Office 2017-09-14 16:00 Wananqing Chemical 904 600 Sodium hydroxide solution Anqing Port Maritime Affairs Office 2017-09-18 13:00 Wananqing Chemical 904 600 Sodium hydroxide solution Wuhu Port Maritime Affairs Office 2017-10-15 14:00 Wananqing Chemical 904 600 Sodium hydroxide solution Anqing Port Maritime Affairs Office 2017-10-17 16:00 Wananqing Chemical 904 600 Sodium hydroxide solution Wuhu Port Maritime Affairs Office 2017-11-07 14:00 Wananqing Chemical 904 600 Sodium hydroxide solution Anqing Port Maritime Affairs Office 2017-11-1108:00

[0091] As shown in Table 3, the ship named "Chengxinghua 518" is a chemical tanker with a deadweight tonnage of 570 tons. The cargo transported by the ship on 2017-01-03 21:00 was "benzene and mixtures containing 10% or more of benzene", the cargo transported on 2017-01-12 12:10 was "methanol", and the cargo transported on 2017-02-15 17:29 was "sodium hydroxide solution". The database search found that the mark between "benzene and mixtures containing 10% or more of benzene" and "methanol" was "※", indicating that tank cleaning is required, and the mark between "methanol" and "sodium hydroxide solution" is "×", indicating that tank cleaning is required. Therefore, "Chengxinghua 518" needs to be cleaned twice in one year, and the tank cleaning sections are respectively between the ports of "Yueyang Linxiang-Yichang Zhijiang" and "Yichang Zhijiang-Jiujiang Wuxue". The heat of the "Yueyang Linxiang-Yichang Zhijiang" section and the "Yichang Zhijiang-Jiujiang Wuxue" section will increase by 1.

[0092] Table 3 Data of entry and exit of “Chengxinghua No. 518” in 2017

[0093]

[0094] The present invention establishes a cargo compatibility database for hazardous chemicals replaced on liquid cargo ships, thereby being able to accurately determine the relationship between the goods transported last time and the goods transported this time, and further determine whether tank cleaning is required.

[0095] According to the above method, it is calculated that in 2017, there were a total of 410 ships in W waters that needed tank cleaning, a total of 1,741 times. Among them, 14 data lacked visa agencies, accounting for 0.804% of the total, which is a small proportion. Therefore, after excluding the 14 missing data, the valid data is 1,727.

[0096] The division of the segments is as follows Figure 2 As shown in the figure: Assume that there are z ports in the entire water area, namely 1, 2, 3, ..., z. According to the standard of segment division, port 1, port 2, ..., port z, port 1-port 2, port 2-port 3, ... are each a segment, and a total of z*(z-1) / 2+z=(z 2 +z) / 2.

[0097] The tank cleaning demand in each section is taken as the heat value of the section. That is, the section heat value is defined as follows: The number of tank cleanings in a section is the section heat value.

[0098] In step 3, there are 35 ports along line W, which can be divided into 630 sections in total, but 584 sections have no tank cleaning demand, that is, there are actually 46 areas with tank cleaning demand, and the number of tank cleaning ships is 1727. The heat value of each area is the number of tank cleaning demands in the area. The heat value of each area is shown in Table 4.

[0099] Table 4 Heat value of the segment

[0100]

[0101]

[0102] In step 4, based on all the section heat values, the specific implementation method of obtaining the port heat value corresponding to each port in the study waters is as follows: for each candidate tank washing section, the section heat value corresponding to the candidate tank washing section is divided by the number of ports included in the candidate tank washing section to obtain the heat value obtained by each port in the candidate tank washing section; for each port in the study waters, the heat values ​​obtained by the port in each candidate tank washing section are added to obtain the total heat value obtained by the port in the study waters, and recorded as the port heat value.

[0103] Specifically, the port heat value is calculated as follows:

[0104] p i =H i / n i i∈(1, 2, 3...q)

[0105]

[0106] In the formula, p i represents the heat value obtained by each port in the i-th candidate tank cleaning section, H i represents the section heat value corresponding to the i-th candidate tank cleaning section, n i represents the number of ports included in the i-th candidate tank cleaning section; q represents the total number of candidate tank cleaning sections; H t represents the port heat value corresponding to the tth port; h represents the total number of ports in the study waters.

[0107] The calculation results of the port heat value are shown in Table 5.

[0108] Table 5 Port heat value

[0109]

[0110]

[0111] The heat values ​​of all ports in the study waters are sorted from large to small, and v (ν is a positive integer) times the number of tank cleaning stations to be built are selected from large to small as candidate points for tank cleaning stations.

[0112] For example, a total of three tank cleaning stations are planned to be built, and the number of candidate points for the tank cleaning stations is three times the number of planned tank cleaning stations. Therefore, nine ports are selected as candidate points for the tank cleaning stations. The nine candidate ports are shown in Table 6.

[0113] Table 6 Candidate ports for tank cleaning stations

[0114]

[0115] In step 5, the specific method of establishing the tank cleaning station planning and site selection model is as follows:

[0116] Assumption: There are h ports in the study area, namely P 1 , P 2 , P 3 ,……,P h A total of r tank cleaning stations are planned to be built, with different tank cleaning capacities, and each port will build at most one tank cleaning station.

[0117] Objective function: f = min(α 1 f 1 +α2 f 2 +α 3 f 3 +α 4 f 4 );

[0118] in,

[0119]

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] The decision variables are the locations of the r tank cleaning stations And the construction scale of each tank cleaning station

[0123] The objective function f is to minimize the sum of various expenses required for establishing a tank cleaning station and ship tank cleaning within a specific planning period (considering the life of the tank cleaning station, the planning period can be set to 5, 10, and 15 years), where f is the total cost of tank cleaning, f 1 The construction cost of the tank cleaning station, 2 For ship tank cleaning costs, 3 is the empty ship fee, f 4 is the operating cost of the tank washing station, of which f, f 1 、f 2 、f 3 、f 4 The unit is 10,000 yuan / planning period. 1 , α 2 , α 3 , α 4 is the weight coefficient of each cost.

[0124] The present invention focuses on a method for site selection and planning of tank washing stations. Therefore, the method for determining the weights is not particularly elaborated. The weights can be obtained using common expert scoring methods, hierarchical analysis methods, and sequence synthesis methods. After obtaining the scoring results, they are set as constant terms. Here, f 1 、f 2 、f 3 、f 4 The weight coefficients are assumed to be 0.1, 0.4, 0.4, and 0.1 respectively.

[0125] Due to the small scale of hazardous chemicals water transportation and the slow growth of hazardous chemicals water transportation, the tank cleaning demand of hazardous chemicals transport ships will not increase significantly during the life of the tank cleaning station. Therefore, during the planning period of the tank cleaning station (assuming the planning time is γ years), the tank cleaning demand of ships is γ times that of the current year. In the following, unless there are special circumstances, no further explanation will be given.

[0126] f 1 is the total cost of building r tank cleaning stations. The construction cost varies according to the tank cleaning capacity of the tank cleaning station. The construction cost of a tank cleaning station with a high tank cleaning capacity is higher. is the construction cost of the ωth tank cleaning station. The construction costs of tank cleaning stations with different tank cleaning capacities are shown in the fourth column of Table 7.

[0127] Table 7 Types of tank cleaning station scales

[0128]

[0129]

[0130] f 2 is the ship tank cleaning fee; n represents the type of hazardous chemical ship, the specific classification is shown in Table 8; m represents the type of deadweight tonnage corresponding to the ship, the specific classification is shown in Table 9; k ij It represents the one-time tank cleaning fee for the f-type hazardous chemicals ship and the j-type deadweight tonnage ship, in units of (10,000 yuan / ship), such as k 11 Indicates the tank cleaning fee for oil tankers with a deadweight tonnage of 0-500 tons; ij Indicates the number of ships of type i hazardous chemicals and type j deadweight tonnage that need tank cleaning in the planning year, in units (ships), such as d 13 Indicates the number of tank cleanings for oil tankers of 1000-1500 deadweight tons.

[0131] Table 8 Classification of ship types

[0132]

[0133] Table 9 Classification of deadweight tonnage of ships

[0134]

[0135] By combining online and offline surveys, it is found that the current costs of ship tank cleaning on the market are shown in the second and fifth columns of Table 10. The data of hazardous chemical ships entering and leaving the port are analyzed, and the corresponding tank cleaning times for various types of ships are obtained, as shown in the third and sixth columns of Table 10.

[0136] Table 10 Tank cleaning costs and tank cleaning frequency for various types of ships

[0137]

[0138]

[0139] f 3It is the cost of the ship being empty from the time the cargo is unloaded to the time before the next loading. During the process of unloading, tank cleaning and loading, the ship is in an empty state. The empty distance between the i-th hazardous chemicals ship type and the j-th deadweight tonnage type ship from the unloading port a to the selected k-th tank cleaning station, and then from the selected k-th tank cleaning station to the loading port b, in nautical miles; represents the location of the kth tank cleaning station selected by the ship, The location of the loading port selected for the i-th hazardous chemicals ship type and the j-th deadweight tonnage type ship, The location of the unloading port selected for the i-th hazardous chemicals ship type and the j-th deadweight tonnage type ship; Q abij is the number of empty-handed ships of the i-th type of hazardous chemicals and the j-th type of deadweight tonnage between ports a and b; β ij It is the unit loss (10,000 yuan / km) of the i-th type of hazardous chemicals ship and the j-th type of deadweight tonnage ship when empty.

[0140] like Figure 3 As shown, the order of ports that the ship passes is 16-17-10, that is, the ship unloads at port 16, cleans the cargo hold at port 17, and then loads at port 10. The empty distance is The empty distance depends mainly on the location of the tank cleaning station and the loading and unloading port.

[0141] f 4 is the operating cost of r tank washing stations, is the operating cost of the ωth tank washing station. The greater the tank washing capacity of the tank washing station, the higher the daily operating cost of the tank washing station. The operating costs of the tank washing station are shown in the fifth column of Table 7.

[0142] The present invention takes into account the construction, operation, tank cleaning and empty-load costs at the same time, and makes the distribution of tank cleaning stations more reasonable under the premise of meeting the tank cleaning needs in the water area.

[0143] The constraints set by the present invention are as follows:

[0144] Constraint 1:

[0145] Constraint 2:

[0146] Constraint 3:

[0147] Constraint 4:

[0148] Constraint 5:

[0149] Constraint 6: u v ≤Tk (v=1, 2, 3,...sk=1, 2, 3,...r);

[0150] Constraint 7:

[0151] Constraint 8: r≤h;

[0152] Constraint 9: r, n, m, h, k ij , d ij , Q abij , β ij ,

[0153] Among them, tank cleaning stations are mostly planned by the government and are subject to fiscal budget constraints. Therefore, constraint condition 1 is used to limit the cost of building r tank cleaning stations to no more than the total investment F. 投 (known quantity).

[0154] Constraint 2 constrains the location of the tank cleaning station. The tank cleaning station is generally built around the port. There are h ports in the hotspot area, namely P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , ..., P h , d η 0, 1 variable, d η =1, it means that a tank cleaning station is established at the nth port, d η When =0, it means that no tank cleaning station is established in the ηth port and at most one tank cleaning station can be established in each port.

[0155] Constraint 3 represents the location of the tank cleaning station Location in the port Select in.

[0156] Combined with 3 , constraint 4 means that the ship is Select the tank cleaning station for tank cleaning. The location of the tank washing station selected for the vessel.

[0157] Constraint 5 indicates that the tank cleaning capacity of the r tank cleaning stations to be constructed meets the tank cleaning capacity classification. The tank cleaning capacity of the tank cleaning station is A 1 , A 2 , A 3 ,......A q The tank cleaning stations are divided into different levels according to the following standards: A 1 Level: The tank cleaning station can only serve tanks with a deadweight tonnage of T 1 Ships with a maximum tank cleaning capacity of W 1 Ships / year; A 2Level: The tank cleaning station can only serve tanks with a deadweight tonnage of T 2 Ships with a maximum tank cleaning capacity of W 2 Ships / year;;……;A q Level: The tank cleaning station can only serve tanks with a deadweight tonnage of T q Ships with a maximum tank cleaning capacity of W q Ships / year.

[0158] Constraint 6 means that each ship selects a tank cleaning station that matches its deadweight tonnage. For example, a ship with a deadweight tonnage of 3,000 tons can only select T q Tank cleaning stations with a capacity of 3,000 tons or more. v is the deadweight tonnage of the vth ship, in tons; s is the total number of all large ships in the study waters, in ships; k means that the ship chooses the kth tank cleaning station for tank cleaning.

[0159] Constraint 7 indicates that the tank cleaning volume of the kth tank cleaning station within a period of time is less than or equal to its tank cleaning capacity within a period of time. ijk It indicates the number of ships of type i hazardous chemicals and type j deadweight tonnage that have undergone tank cleaning at the k-th tank cleaning station, in units of (ships); W k It represents the tank cleaning capacity of the kth tank cleaning station, in units of (ships / year).

[0160] Constraint 8 states that the total number of newly built tank cleaning stations r is less than or equal to the total number of ports h in the study waters.

[0161] Constraint 9 is a non-negative constraint.

[0162] The specific content of step 6 is: based on the above case data, the mixed integer linear programming algorithm is used to solve the tank cleaning station site selection planning model based on the port entry and exit data, and the tank cleaning station site selection planning results are obtained, as shown in Table 11.

[0163] Table 11 Site selection planning results

[0164]

[0165] In summary, the present invention judges the number of tank cleaning ships and the hot spots of tank cleaning based on the data of ships entering and leaving the port, accurately determines the demand for tank cleaning, and fully considers the overall economic benefits of the builders, operators and users of the tank cleaning station. The construction cost, tank cleaning cost, empty load cost and operating cost of the tank cleaning station are fully considered, and a tank cleaning station site selection planning method with the lowest total cost is proposed. It can help to scientifically plan and construct tank cleaning stations, provide optional solutions for green shipping, and is of great significance to the sustainable and healthy development of tank cleaning stations.

[0166] Finally, it should be noted that the above specific implementation methods are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for site selection and planning of a tank washing station, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Obtain the port entry and exit data of hazardous chemicals transport ships in the study waters; Step 2: Based on the port entry and exit data, the tank cleaning information of each hazardous chemical transport ship in the research waters is obtained; the tank cleaning information includes the number of tank cleanings of the ship within the first time, the candidate tank cleaning sections and the section heat value; wherein the number of tank cleanings in the section is the section heat value; Step 3: Summarize and count the tank cleaning information corresponding to all hazardous chemicals transport ships in the study waters to obtain all candidate tank cleaning sections and section heat values; Step 4: Based on all the section heat values, obtain the port heat value corresponding to each port in the study waters; wherein, for each candidate tank washing section, divide the section heat value corresponding to the candidate tank washing section by the number of ports included in the candidate tank washing section to obtain the heat value obtained by each port in the candidate tank washing section; for each port in the study waters, add the heat values ​​obtained by the port in each candidate tank washing section to obtain the total heat value obtained by the port in the study waters, and record it as the port heat value; sort the heat values ​​of each port from large to small, and obtain the first number of ports as candidate points for tank washing stations; Step 5: Construct the objective function, set the constraints, take the minimum total cost of tank cleaning as the goal, and establish the tank cleaning station planning and site selection model; The purpose of tank cleaning station site selection is to plan and build r There are at most one tank cleaning station at each candidate tank cleaning station. The objective function is as follows: f =min( α 1 f 1+ α 2 f 2+ α 3 f 3+ α 4 f 4 ); , , , ; The decision variables are r Location of tank washing stations And the construction scale of each tank cleaning station ; in, f is the total tank cleaning cost, f 1 is the cost of tank cleaning station construction, f 2 is the cost of tank cleaning. f 3 is the empty ship fee, f 4 is the operating cost of the tank washing station, α 1 、α 2 、α 3 、α 4 is the weight of each expense; Indicates Construction costs of tank washing stations; n Indicates the type of hazardous chemicals ship. m Indicates the type of deadweight tonnage corresponding to the ship. k ij Indicates i Types of hazardous chemicals ships j The cost of one tank cleaning for a ship of this type of deadweight tonnage, d ij Indicates i Types of hazardous chemicals ships j The number of ships of this deadweight tonnage type that require tank cleaning in the planning year; Q abij Indicates i Types of hazardous chemicals ships j Types of deadweight tonnage ships in port a and Ports b The number of empty ships in between, h represents the total number of ports within the study waters; β ij Indicates i Types of hazardous chemicals ships j Unit loss of a ship of a certain deadweight tonnage type when empty; Indicates i Types of hazardous chemicals ships j Type of deadweight tonnage vessel from the unloading port a To the selected k A tank cleaning station, and then from the selected k Tank washing station to loading port b The unloaded distance during the process, Indicates the selected k The location of the tank washing station Indicates the location of the loading port, Indicates the location of the discharge port; Indicates Operating costs of tank washing stations; Step 6: Solve the tank washing station planning site selection model in combination with the candidate points of the tank washing station to obtain a tank washing station site selection planning result; the tank washing station site selection planning result includes a second number of selected points of the tank washing station.

2. The tank cleaning station site selection and planning method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 1, the type of the hazardous chemicals transport ship is an oil tanker or a chemical tanker; the port entry and exit data include the "ship name", "deadweight tonnage", "name of transported goods", "approval unit" and "arrival and departure time" of the hazardous chemicals transport ship.

3. The tank cleaning station site selection and planning method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In step 2, based on the port entry and exit data, the specific implementation method of obtaining the tank cleaning information of each hazardous chemicals transport ship in the research waters is: Establish a cargo compatibility database for hazardous chemicals that are replaced by ships and record it as a compatibility database; the compatibility database contains the names of the transported goods that the ship may transport, and the relationship information on whether tank cleaning is required when replacing each transported product; the names of the transported goods include the names of oil products and chemical products; For each hazardous chemicals transport ship, filter out the ship's port entry and exit data based on "ship name", and sort them in ascending or descending order based on "arrival and departure time"; In the table obtained after time sorting, whenever there is a change in the corresponding "name of transported goods" in two adjacent rows of data, it is determined whether tank cleaning is required between the two voyages in combination with the compatibility database; If it is determined to be necessary, it is recorded as a tank cleaning, and the section between the corresponding "approval units" in two adjacent rows of data is used as a candidate tank cleaning section, and then the section heat value of the candidate tank cleaning section is increased by 1; wherein, the candidate tank cleaning section is recorded as (A, B), A is the unloading port, B is the next loading port, and A and B can be the same or different ports; The number of tank cleanings, candidate tank cleaning sections and section heat values ​​of the ship in the first time are obtained by statistics.

4. The tank cleaning station site selection and planning method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The step 2 also includes cleaning the obtained port entry and exit data, and obtaining the tank cleaning information of each hazardous chemical transport ship in the study waters based on the cleaned port entry and exit data.

5. The tank cleaning station site selection and planning method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heat value of a port is calculated as follows: In the formula, Indicates i The heat value obtained by each port in the candidate tank washing section, Indicates i The section heat value corresponding to the candidate tank washing section, Indicates i The number of ports included in the candidate tank washing section; q Indicates the total number of candidate tank washing sections; H t Indicates t The port heat value corresponding to each port; h Represents the total number of ports within the study waters.

6. The tank cleaning station site selection and planning method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 4, the first quantity is the second quantity ν times, ν Is a positive integer.

7. The tank cleaning station site selection and planning method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The constraints include: Constraint 1: ; represents the total investment; Constraint 2: ; =1, indicating the Establish a tank cleaning station in each port; =0, indicating the No tank cleaning station is established in the ports; Constraint 3: ; Constraint 3 represents the location of the tank cleaning station Location in the port Select from; Constraint 4: ; Constraint 4 means that the ship is Select a tank cleaning station to carry out tank cleaning; Constraint 5: , =1,2,3…… r ; Indicates the construction scale type of the tank cleaning station; Indicates The construction scale of the tank washing station; Indicates: The tank cleaning station can only serve tanks with a deadweight tonnage of T q Ships with a tank cleaning capacity of W q Ships / year; Constraint 6: u v ≤T k , ( v =1 , 2 , 3 ,…… s, k =1 , 2 , 3 ,…… r ); u v For the v The deadweight tonnage of the ship, s is the total number of all ships in the study area, T k No. k The maximum deadweight tonnage of a ship that can be served by a tank cleaning station; Constraint 6 means that each ship selects a tank cleaning station that meets its own deadweight tonnage; Constraint 7: ; Indicates i Types of hazardous chemicals ships j The deadweight tonnage type of ship is k The number of ships that have their tanks cleaned at a tank cleaning station, Indicates k The tank cleaning capacity of each tank cleaning station; Constraint 8: r ≤ h ; h represents the total number of ports within the study waters; Constraint 9: , r , n , m, h, k ij 、d ij 、Q abij 、β ij 、 ≥ 0.

8. The tank cleaning station site selection and planning method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 6, a mixed integer linear programming algorithm is used to solve the tank washing station site selection planning model.

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