A satellite-borne multi-band integrated receiving antenna

Abstract

The present invention discloses a satellite-borne multi-band integrated receiving antenna, comprising an L-band multi-beam antenna array, a VHF-band antenna array, a base, an L-band antenna fixing seat and an integrated receiver; the integrated receiver and the L-band antenna fixing seat are both fixed at the center of the top surface of the base; the cross section of the base is a regular N-gon, the cross section of the L-band antenna fixing seat is a regular M-gon, each side presents an α tilt angle, and the L-band multi-beam antenna array is arranged on the L-band antenna fixing seat. The VHF-band antenna of the present invention adopts an array to realize the blind separation of multiple collision signals, the L-band antenna can simultaneously generate multiple beams to cover the monitoring area, the antenna is in a retractable state as a whole, and the envelope size in the folded state is small, which is convenient for installation on a small satellite platform. After being launched into orbit, a flexible mechanical mechanism is deployed to realize dual-system simultaneous high-performance receiving and processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of antennas, and in particular relates to a satellite-borne multi-band integrated receiving antenna. Background Art

[0002] The AIS (Automatic Identification System) and ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) systems are active surveillance technologies based on satellite navigation and communication data links. Ships and aircraft broadcast omnidirectional radio frequency signals containing information such as identity, location and status. The AIS and ADS-B signal receiving systems carried by small satellites can collect and pre-process the signals sent by AIS and ADS-B terminals in the visible area under the satellite, and transmit the pre-processed data to the ground station for further complex processing, so as to achieve high-precision positioning and tracking of ships and aircraft, and provide supervision, coordination, and collision avoidance services for civil aircraft and ships. The space-based data acquisition system can break through the constraints of the terrain environment on ground-based monitoring, and has a wider monitoring range, and has been increasingly widely used at home and abroad. Small satellites have the advantages of high functional density, short development cycle, low cost, and flexible launch. Through the low-orbit small satellite constellation, ADS-B / AIS signal reception can be achieved all day, all weather, and all regions.

[0003] In order to ensure the performance of wide-range monitoring, the receiving antenna beam needs to have a wide-area coverage capability with a certain gain. Due to the different signal characteristics of AIS and ADS-B signals, different requirements are put forward for the gain and instantaneous coverage of the receiving antenna. AIS antennas operate in the VHF band (162MHz) and the antenna size is large (greater than 1 / 4 wavelength), making it difficult to achieve large-scale array formation. To achieve wide-area coverage under the satellite and overcome the link loss caused by large-angle path loss, it is necessary to use a smaller number of antennas to achieve ground-based shaped beams. ADS-B antennas operate in the L band (1090ES mode 1090MHz). The system has high requirements for antenna gain. Depending on the orbital altitude, the gain within the beam width is required to reach 7 to 10dB. To achieve wide-area coverage and collision avoidance, multiple high-gain beams need to be generated simultaneously, which is usually achieved using arrays.

[0004] Satellite-borne monitoring systems are increasingly moving towards integrated designs, but existing AIS antenna arrays and ADS-B antenna arrays fail to take integrated designs into account and cannot meet the integrated design requirements of satellite-borne AIS and ADS-B monitoring systems. Therefore, it is urgent to develop multi-band integrated antenna technology for satellite-borne platforms. Summary of the invention

[0005] Aiming at the problem of integrated reception of AIS and ADS-B signals by satellite-borne AIS and ADS-B monitoring systems, the present invention proposes a satellite-borne multi-band integrated receiving antenna, which meets the requirements of satellite-borne AIS and ADS-B monitoring systems for high gain, wide coverage, and installability on small satellite platforms, thereby realizing integrated reception of AIS and ADS-B signals.

[0006] The technical solution for realizing the present invention is: a satellite-borne multi-band integrated receiving antenna, comprising an L-band multi-beam antenna array, a VHF-band antenna array, a base, an L-band antenna fixing seat and an integrated receiver; the integrated receiver and the L-band antenna fixing seat are both fixed at the center of the top surface of the base; the cross-section of the base is a regular N-gon, 4≤N≤6, the cross-section of the L-band antenna fixing seat is a regular M-gon, 4≤M≤6, each side presents an α inclination angle, 60°≤α≤90°, and the L-band multi-beam antenna array is arranged on the L-band antenna fixing seat.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: the present invention provides a VHF band and L band integrated receiving antenna suitable for satellite-borne AIS and ADS-D monitoring systems; the VHF band antenna adopts an array to realize the blind separation of multiple collision signals; the L band antenna can simultaneously generate multiple beams to cover the monitoring area; the antenna as a whole is in a retractable state; the envelope size in the folded state is small, which is convenient for installation on a small satellite platform; after being launched into orbit, a flexible mechanical mechanism is deployed to realize high-performance receiving and processing of dual systems at the same time; the present invention is suitable for satellite-borne AIS and ADS-B integrated monitoring systems to monitor civil aviation and civil ships, and provide global aviation / navigation integrated monitoring application services. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional unfolded structure of the antenna of the present invention.

[0009] Figure 2 It is an exploded view of the antenna of the present invention.

[0010] Figure 3 It is the 2D simulation radiation pattern of the VHF frequency band array antenna unit of the antenna of the present invention at 156MHz, 160MHz and 163MHz.

[0011] Figure 4 It is a gain coverage curve diagram of the top antenna and the side antenna of the L-band multi-beam antenna array of the antenna of the present invention in the upward direction.

[0012] Figure 5 The invention discloses an L-band multi-beam array beamforming gain coverage pattern. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0014] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0015] In the description of the present invention, “plurality” means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0016] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "connection" can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0017] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in the field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0018] The following will further introduce the specific implementation method, as well as the technical difficulties and inventive points of this invention in combination with this design example.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, a satellite-borne multi-band integrated receiving antenna described in the present invention is suitable for the VHF band and L band of satellite-borne AIS and ADS-B monitoring systems. The satellite-borne multi-band integrated receiving antenna includes an L-band multi-beam antenna array, a VHF band antenna array, a base 1, an L-band antenna fixing seat 2 and an integrated receiver 8. The integrated receiver 8 and the L-band antenna fixing seat 2 are both fixed at the center of the top surface of the base 1. The cross-section of the base 1 is a regular N-gon, 4≤N≤6, and the cross-section of the L-band antenna fixing seat 2 is a regular M-gon, 4≤M≤6, and each side presents an α inclination angle, 60°≤α≤90°. The L-band multi-beam antenna array is arranged on the L-band antenna fixing seat 2, and the L-band multi-beam antenna array and the VHF band antenna array are respectively connected to the integrated receiver 8 for communication.

[0020] The L-band multi-beam antenna array includes a single antenna 4 and P groups of conformal sub-arrays 3, where P=M. The single antenna 4 is fixed on the top surface of the L-band antenna fixing seat 2. A group of conformal sub-arrays 3 is provided on each outer side wall of the L-band antenna fixing seat 2. The conformal sub-arrays 3 are arranged linearly, and the array element spacing in the same conformal sub-array is half the wavelength of the working wavelength.

[0021] Furthermore, combined with Figure 2 The array elements in the conformal subarray 3 are air microstrip antennas, and the single antenna 4 is an orthogonal dipole antenna. The air microstrip antennas in the same conformal subarray 3 are connected to the integrated receiver 8 through a subarray feeding network, and the single antenna 4 is connected to the integrated receiver 8 through the subarray feeding network.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the VHF band antenna array includes K radiating units and a VHF band feeding network 6, wherein K=N, and the K radiating units are evenly arranged around the top edge of a regular N-gon base 1, and the two are rotatably connected.

[0023] Furthermore, the rotation connection is realized by the hinge 7, so that the K VHF band radiation units can be folded upward 90 degrees along the top surface of the rectangular base 1 to a gathered state. After being ejected and deployed, the K VHF band radiation units are a plane, such as Figure 1 shown.

[0024] In the present invention, the structure of the radiation unit of the VHF band antenna array is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it includes: a radiation array element 51, a feed network 6 and an array element fixing frame 52; the radiation array element 51 is fixed on the array element fixing frame 52, and the array element fixing frame 52 is connected to the rectangular base 1 through a hinge 7, so that K VHF band radiation units are folded 90 degrees, and the radiation array element 51 is connected to the integrated receiver 8 through the feed network 6. The integrated receiver 8 realizes integrated reception and processing of VHF band signals and L band signals.

[0025] The L-band multi-beam antenna array can achieve beam pointing control by making each radiating unit produce a fixed phase difference through a feeding network; the P groups of conformal subarrays 3 on the side of the L-band antenna fixing base 2 form a coverage of 360° in azimuth and 30° to 60° in elevation; the single antenna 4 beam on the top surface of the fixing base 2 has a pitch of 0° to 30° and a coverage of 360° in azimuth; finally, a large range of high-gain coverage of 0° to 60° in elevation and 360° in azimuth is achieved.

[0026] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above structure, which has the characteristics of compact structure, high integration and high reliability, and realizes VHF band array reception and L band high-gain simultaneous multi-beam, meeting the satellite-borne wide-area detection requirements of AIS and ADS-B integrated receiving systems.

[0027] In order to verify that the satellite-borne multi-band integrated receiving antenna of the present invention has the functions of realizing both VHF band array reception and L band high-gain simultaneous multi-beam reception, an implementation example is listed for illustration.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, a satellite-borne multi-band integrated receiving antenna is proposed, which is composed of an L-band multi-beam antenna array, a VHF-band antenna array, a base 1, and an L-band antenna fixing seat 2. The L-band antenna fixing seat 2 is fixed at the center of the top surface of the base 1. The cross section of the base 1 is a regular quadrilateral, and the cross section of the L-band antenna fixing seat 2 is a regular hexagon, each side surface presents an inclination angle of 80°, and the L-band multi-beam antenna array is arranged on the L-band antenna fixing seat 2.

[0030] The L-band multi-beam antenna array includes a single antenna 4 and 6 groups of conformal sub-arrays 3. The single antenna 4 is fixed on the top surface of the L-band antenna fixing base 2. A group of conformal sub-arrays 3 is provided on each vertical outer side wall of the L-band antenna fixing base 2. The conformal sub-arrays 3 are arranged linearly, and the array element spacing in the same conformal sub-array is half the wavelength of the working wavelength.

[0031] Furthermore, combined with Figure 2 The conformal subarray 3 is composed of four antenna units, and the array elements are air microstrip antennas. The single antenna 4 is an orthogonal dipole antenna. The four air microstrip antennas in the same conformal subarray 3 are connected to the integrated receiver 8 through a subarray feeding network, and the single antenna 4 is connected to the integrated receiver through the subarray feeding network.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the VHF band antenna array includes four radiating units and a VHF band feeding network 6, wherein the four radiating units are evenly arranged around the top edge of the rectangular base 1 and are rotatably connected therebetween.

[0033] Furthermore, the rotation connection is realized by the hinge 7, so that the four VHF band radiation units can be folded upward 90 degrees along the top surface of the rectangular base 1 to a gathered state. After being ejected and deployed, the four VHF band radiation units are a plane, such as Figure 1 shown.

[0034] In this embodiment, the structure of the radiation unit of the VHF band antenna array is as follows: Figure 2As shown, it includes: a radiation array element 51, a feed network 6 and an array element fixing frame 52; the radiation array element 51 is fixed on the array element fixing frame 52, and the array element fixing frame 52 is connected to the rectangular base 1 through a hinge 7, so that the four VHF band radiation units are folded 90 degrees, and the radiation array element 51 is connected to the integrated receiver through the feed network 6. The integrated receiver realizes the integrated reception and processing of VHF band signals and L band signals.

[0035] Furthermore, the radiation unit 51 of the VHF band antenna array is an artificial magnetic conductor antenna, which is a low-profile spiral structure as a whole, and the spiral structure is made of metal material. The feeding network 6 adopts 3dB bridge feeding. The 2D simulation directional diagram of the antenna unit of the VHF band antenna array at 156MHz, 160MHz, and 163MHz is as follows: Figure 3 shown.

[0036] The L-band multi-beam antenna array can make each radiating unit produce a fixed phase difference through a feeding network, thereby realizing beam pointing control; the six groups of conformal sub-arrays 3 on the side of the L-band antenna fixing base 2 form a coverage of 360° in azimuth and 30° to 60° in elevation; the single antenna 4 beams on the top surface of the fixing base 2 pitch 0° to 30° and cover 360° in azimuth; finally, 7 beams are formed, and finally a large-range high-gain coverage of 0° to 60° in elevation and 360° in azimuth is realized, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 shown.

[0037] Among them, the six groups of conformal sub-arrays 3 on the side of the fixing base 2 form sub-beams 1 to sub-beam 6 respectively, and the single antenna on the top of the fixing base forms beam 7. The beam coverage range is shown in Table 1.

[0038] Table 1 Multi-beam airspace coverage

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] In summary, it is verified that the broadband and large-range coverage of the VHF band antenna array of the satellite-borne integrated receiving antenna of the present invention and the high-gain and simultaneous multi-beam of the L-band multi-beam array meet the satellite-borne wide-area detection requirements of the AIS and ADS-B integrated receiving systems.

[0042] It should be noted that the above description is only a preferred implementation method of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any changes or improvements that can be made without departing from the technical concept of the present invention are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A satellite-borne multi-band integrated receiving antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises an L-band multi-beam antenna array, a VHF-band antenna array, a base (1), an L-band antenna fixing seat (2) and an integrated receiver (8); the integrated receiver (8) and the L-band antenna fixing seat (2) are both fixed at the center of the top surface of the base (1); the cross section of the base (1) is a regular N-gon, 4≤N≤6, the cross section of the L-band antenna fixing seat (2) is a regular M-gon, 4≤M≤6, each side surface presents an α inclination angle, 60°≤α≤90°, and the L-band multi-beam antenna array is arranged on the L-band antenna fixing seat (2); The L-band multi-beam antenna array comprises a single antenna (4) and P groups of conformal sub-arrays (3), where P=M. The single antenna (4) is fixed on the top surface of an L-band antenna fixing seat (2), and a group of conformal sub-arrays (3) is provided on each outer side wall of the L-band antenna fixing seat (2). The conformal sub-arrays (3) are arranged linearly, and the array element spacing in the same conformal sub-array is half the wavelength of the working wavelength. The array elements in the conformal subarray (3) are air microstrip antennas, the single antenna (4) is an orthogonal dipole antenna, the air microstrip antenna in the same conformal subarray (3) is connected to an integrated receiver (8) via a subarray feeding network, and the single antenna (4) is connected to the integrated receiver (8) via the subarray feeding network; The VHF band antenna array comprises K radiating units and a VHF band feeding network (6), wherein K=N, the K radiating units are evenly arranged around the edge of the top surface of a regular N-gon base (1), and the two are rotatably connected so that the K VHF band radiating units are folded upward 90 degrees along the top surface of the rectangular base (1) to a gathered state; after being ejected and unfolded, the K VHF band radiating units form a plane; The radiation unit comprises a radiation array element (51), a feed network (6) and an array element fixing frame (52); the radiation array element (51) is fixed on the array element fixing frame (52), and the array element fixing frame (52) is rotatably connected to the rectangular base (1), so that K VHF frequency band radiation units are folded 90 degrees, and the radiation array element (51) is connected to the integrated receiver (8) through the feed network (6).

2. The satellite-borne multi-band integrated receiving antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The L-band multi-beam antenna array enables each radiating unit to generate a fixed phase difference through a feeding network (6), thereby realizing beam pointing control; P groups of conformal subarrays (3) on the side of the L-band antenna fixing base (2) form a coverage of 360° in azimuth and 30° to 60° in elevation; the beam of the single antenna (4) on the top surface of the fixing base (2) has a pitch of 0° to 30° and a coverage of 360° in azimuth; finally, a large-range high-gain coverage of 0° to 60° in elevation and 360° in azimuth is realized.

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